جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Place » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

From the phenomenological point of view, the life-world of every human is a place he lives in. Place and human not only are against each other, but also they are sincerely acquainted and reflect each other. So place considers as a "everyday life phenomenon" that human lived experiences are formed in it. As the lived experiences are formed directly without voluntary thinking, they are the reliable source for achieving the desired features of the place. The purpose of this study was to explain the characteristics of the place based on the lived experiences of its users. This research seeks to answer the question that based on lived experiences, what are the characteristics of a space to become a place in the heart of the city?In this research, Shohada square of Mashhad has been chosen as a case study. To answer the question of the research, we have used Moustakas phenomenological research method. This Study composed of two parts: theoretical and field researches. The theoretical part includes the available information about phenomenology of place. The field part is taken from open and semi-structured interviews with sixty participants. After providing textural and structural descriptions and combining them together, six basic characteristics of the place was achieved: Introversion, Centrality, Enclosure, Density and Objectivity.

Nowadays, the type of places has been noticed by analyzers, city managers and police commanders in reducing crime and security feeling, and has been highly successful in establishing security and implementing police instructions. Given this issue, the present research aims to investigate the impact of various roles of places in boosting social security in district 20 in Tehran.

The present research, in terms of purpose, is of applied type and in terms of method is of descriptive-survey type. The target statistical population is the citizens and police forces staff in district 20 in Tehran, and based on statistics N= 368,285. Simple random sampling method was used, and based on Cochran's formula 383 people were selected. The data was collected using a questionnaire among the statistical population, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha test. Also, the impact of location as an independent variable on the dependent variable (enhancing social security) has been proven with a confidence level of 0.93.

The results of the research indicate that given the data and examining the role of place, highest rate of crimes occurs in places having economic and cultural role (such as parks) as well as abandoned and worn-out urban areas; and it poses some challenges to societal security. Therefore, the type of place has a positive and direct impact on the crime fluctuations, and as a result on the ups and downs of urban societal security. Hence, examining the role of place and its interrelationship with security will strengthen police reports and crime registration, and could improve the police power by investigating and discovering  crimes and establishing training backgrounds for expert police through the use of more accurate methods and techniques to identify safe and unsafe places.

Governmental decree and the authority to issue it has long been the focus of attention of Shia jurists and scholars as reflected in their works. The power of Vali-e-Faqih (Guardian Jurist), as a fully qualified jurist, to issue governmental decree is directly linked to the principle of Vilayat-e Faqih or guardianship of the Islamic jurist. Therefore, given the jurists’ approach toward guardianship of the Islamic jurist, the issue of authority to issue governmental decree will be of broad and narrow interpretations. The importance of discussing such broad and narrow interpretations concerning issuance of governmental decree will be brought to light in dynamicity and accountability towards demands in Islamic society upon requirements of time and place. Whether these rules enjoy only executive status of the primary rules or maximum power of issuance, that according to Imam Khomeini’s opinion, shall be prioritized over primary rules upon expediency, or according to Shahid Sadr, the issuance of these rules is restricted to cases facing absence of Sharia law – that do not prescribe priority over primary rules; also assurance over enforcement of these rules to prevent annulment of their issuance, nature of these rules in maximum authority for issuance of governmental decree, and finally on what basis has this maximum power of issuance been prescribed, are among the key discussions in this paper

Institutional development of people, which is the subject of study in this research, as one of the main concerns that includes various economic, social and cultural dimensions, is one of the areas of attention of national governments and local governments. In this study, using the "grounded theory" strategy, about 63 economic activists were interviewed in the field under study, of which 58 interviews were suitable for conducting research and were reported. The answers obtained from this interview and coding process clearly explain that the components of place identity through the main category, namely "Grassroots' creativity and innovation" with the realization of satisfaction with the products [among the "audiences" or In other words, "customers" achieve the three main goals of financial productivity, social solidarity and cultural determination. A strategy that results in a process model [cognition-perception-behavior]. Of course, the mentioned path is not simple and one-line, and "background conditions" and "intervening conditions" play a role in this path step by step: "background conditions" are actually the environmental platforms that are the fields of power and or they provide the weakness of this mechanism, which include: "value components", "advertising strategies", "human capital", "institutional policies", "financial potentials". "Intervening conditions" are types of external stimuli that can play a role in strengthening or weakening the mentioned mechanism. Intervening conditions in this mechanism can be divided into three parts: "class representation", "localization", "quality", "taste-making cultural consumption".

Cultural development is a process during which changes in the field of perception, cognition, value, tendencies and appropriate developmental actions occur in society, and the realization of this depends on people's participation in cultural activities by constructing cultural and artistic places and creating Cultural goods exhibitions and various cultural festivals take place. Today, cultural centers, despite the infrastructure, architecture and appropriate space, are less in line with their development goals and have gaps in the field of development planning that can be considered. The present study is developmental and applied in terms of purpose and is exploratory in terms of data collection method. In this research, with the help of data theory qualitative research method and with the help of library documentation tools and semi-structured interviews of 20 cultural center officials and cultural planning deputies of Tehran, a paradigm model has been tried to explain the space capacity and architecture of Tehran cultural centers. Present the direction of sustainable cultural development. In this study, 3 main streams with the title of events and conscious actions in the cultural center, cultural center as the source and origin of social power and physical structure-architecture of the cultural center and with central coding to the core of the discussion as the role and place of cultural centers in sustainable cultural development we arrived. Causal, contextual, interventionist conditions are examined and strategies are proposed accordingly.

Nowadays, many of the television series are location-based, and they have only a main fixed place. In some successful series of this category, it seems that the fixedness and lack of variation of the place (location), Not only doesn’t prevent the emergence of narrative, meaning and significant facilities related to the location, it also provides new opportunities. The main aim of the current study is to identify the semiotic-phenomenological aspects of place Transformation in location-based TV series. Therefore, the "Khane Sabz" series served as the research sample in order to answer the question of how a fixed place in a TV series can undergo different meaning changes and transformations. The research employed a Paris school semiotics method. Data collection involved taking notes from library resources and textualizing the research sample. The findings show that the place can take on multiple metaphorical attributes and undergo different transformations in despite its fixedness. Moreover, place in such a series can progress towards a transcendental state; and by transitioning into space, it can endow the series with varied phenomenological and significant effects, such as the quality of genius loci.

Giddens's structuring theory has the appropriate capacity to explain social phenomena over other theories. Going through each of the structuralist and individualist theories, he neglects both the necessity of rigidity and the complete freedom of human action and emphasizes the equality of each. The main question of this study is that what is the impact of the role of waqf culture and its function on the formation of Tabriz market? This article is based on a historical-interpretive method. The information was collected through library and field studies and the study area is the traditional market of Tabriz. The results show that the beginning of the formation of the Tabriz market dates back to the early centuries of Islam's arrival in Iran. The results also show that Muslim activists have used the "rules and resources of waqf " in times and places to construct the Tabriz market and have been building the Tabriz market over the years. As for the function of the waqf, it can be said that the most important function of the waqf is the reproduction of Islamic values and norms and their continuation over many centuries. Finally, it must be said that Muslim activists are influenced by peripheral constructions, especially Islamic values and norms. And again, the institution is dedicated to their actions.

The category of "place management" and the "place" factor are one of the recent advances in situation-based crime prevention approaches. The purpose of this study was to integrate these two concepts in the form of presenting two qualitative models mixed with real evidence of urban crimes.

The research approach is qualitative, which has two strategies of simulation and logical reasoning based on secondary analysis of quantitative data of real crimes and extraction of components related to "place in crime". The statistical population of the study also includes 392 cases of the final location of urban crimes that were extracted with the help of quantitative content analysis technique on the "MagIran" site in the period 2011 to 2019 within the police and geographical area of Narmak, Naziabad and Punak neighborhoods; and the number of selected samples was equal to ten percent of the total statistical population.

The results of the research showed that the integrated concept of "place-crime" and also a "relational model of place" can be used for the "composite model of place management" in crime. The ontology of the "place model" of the study has been associated with the structure of open, explanatory, and relational components. The epistemology of "place model" and "place management model" also included eight elements of form-physical attributes, activity, resources, proximity, pollution, non-supervisory, non-participation and non-partnership.

The study presented the two theoretical models of the relationship between crime place and place management in their general form as a theoretical-methodical order and the possibility of operational use of these two models in applied criminological and police research was provided.

Cultural pattern of speed plays an important role in evolution of transportation culture in all over the world. This article is intended to reach the differences between two system of comprehension of speed and transportation culture and their key components in car accident rate   in Iran and Germany through a comparative research. Due to the importance of cultural experience as a source of  perception of speed issue, this article employs qualitative and fieldwork methodology including participant observation, interview with key informant, nominal and focus group interviews. This article shows how historical evolution and dynamism of transportation culture is divided in two pre- modern and modern eras in Iran. The second period is known with separation from the first period cultural period that has left a strong impact on perception of some key elements such as speed, movement, place, time, destination and road as cultural experiences.

This article primarily aims to examine the urban neighborhoods’ identity of with emphasis on the sense of belonging to the place. The case of present study includes thirteen neighborhoods in Ardebil city. The research findings presented and discussed in this article are based on a survey, which includes 400 males and females. According to the results of this study based on the path analysis, the bottom-line conclusion supports two key patterns: first, the sense of belonging to the place is significantly and positively associated with both social solidarity and social interaction variables. Second, the variables of social participation, responsibility and knowledge do not play significant role in the sense of belonging to the place.

The importance of collective memory is such that some collective memories are considered examples of the history of a society. Collective memory is formed by the intersection of three concepts of place, time and collective event, so cities can be a platform for the formation of collective memories. But today, urban spaces are becoming so smaller that the elements that recall collective memories are becoming less and less. In this space, mass media can be a body for the construction and reproduction of collective memories. The role of the Internet in changing collective memories in Tehran, in other words, research questions are: According to Tehran users What changes does the Internet make to the concept of mass memory? Can the display of memories in cyberspace strengthen the dimension of their urban identity? To answer these questions, in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 Tehran students from the University of Tehran using the method of in-depth interviews. , We see an increase in the durability and longevity of collective memories, and of course, for cyberspace interviewees, as a platform for collective memories, it can both strengthen the civic character of the city and reproduce the memory of group and political conflicts. It should be noted that the interviewees strengthened the role of cyberspace in reproducing and constructing memories They knew their city.

Place is one of the major elements contributing to the setting of a radio drama; It creates characters, drives the plot and implies the events. If locality is not chosen wisely, the story is not set properly. Locality and mise en scene act in a two-sided relationship. Observing the principles of selecting the locality and the ambience, the audience can feel the setting and relate to the whole story. The main objective of the present research is to better understand the element of place and propose ways to establish locality in radio dramas. Producers, writers and other cast members can effectively contribute to setting the story in a place and make the drama believable and relatable. This research has been done qualitatively through case studies, documentation, questionnaires, interviews and observation. A given Drama’s locality needs to inspire a sense of existence in listeners, so they can accept it as real location. Since the memories of people are interwoven with location and atmosphere, in presenting locality in radio dramas, the more the related ambiance can be heard on the play, the more listeners can relate to the story and producers manage to bring to life a piece of radio drama in terms of locality and location.

The effect of the circumstances at any age on the inference of religious laws is an indisputable fact according to the Sharia law presented by the Prophet (PBUH). The reality has been also reflected in the works of some jurists, among whom, Imam Khomeini introduced the theory of the decisiveness of the two elements of time and place in Ijtihad. The issue of the obedience of wife is among the religiously obligatory issues and the refusal of wife to fulfil her marital duties or her disobedience (nashuz) is among the variable regulations. It shall be considered among the changing rules as affected by time and place components such as common law, practice of the rational people, interests and corruptions, change in the subject, and object of a legal relation. Time and place can play a key role in it. This is because the examples of obedience and disobedience have not been clarified well in fiqh and there are only a few cases on this. In other cases, the common rule and social mores should be taken as criteria for practice. Moreover, in this field, the religious rules are to confirm previous laws and usages. Therefore, there is the possibility of understanding part of the interests and corruption for the intellect. The enforceability of the disobedience of the spouse alters with the change in time and place conditions within different cultures. Therefore, in determining the details of the disobedience by the spouse and its enforceability various components are involved and no clear-cut criterion can be ever introduced.

Due to its certain elements and limits, the exemplum brings about poetic and narrative nature in a coordinated structure in order to realize dynamism in the text with easy access to wide conceptual burden that poems cannot transfer lonely, accordingly, contemporary exemplum, today, welcomes narrative techniques and its symbols. Mohammed al-Maghout, a contemporary Syrian poet, makes use of narrative techniques in his exemplum by applying simple words and expressions which normally combines reality and fancy to advance events and accomplish them. The present descriptive-analytical research aims to address main narrative signs in a sample of three divans of Mohammed al-Maghout. Results indicate that the poet mostly uses quadruple narrative techniques, while he is not bounded to a sequence and uniformity of the texture, which it gives profundity and an upward trend along accumulation of events. Description of places in his works simulates a partial look or a close appearance and, for him, narration time circulates around time differences for recovering and anticipating time alongside the time length technique for determining rate of events. Methods of developing characters in his poems are blazoned over steady function of pronouns, especially the first-person which is turned to footsteps of the main character, that is, narrator

The aim of environmental design is the creation of places. But in the meantime, "out of places" is also important. With this starting point, questions are asked about the definition, recognition, foundation, and location of places and outside them, so that identifying and explaining the imagination of the place would be at the top of the affair. Are only "places" booming, or "out of places" are also dynamic and refreshing? In this study in order to find an answer, the two seemingly distinct concept of "place" and "out of place" in the city are compared in a comparative perspective of environmental psychology. In this context, the physical image, activities and meanings are raw materials of the place identity and the dialectics between them is the structural relationship between this identity, which is sometimes felt to occur in "out of places." In this research, applying qualitative content analysis methods and by through analyzing the data extracted by the field studies method, the concept of place in the city is discussed in order to identify its constituent criteria. These criteria are used to evaluate "out of place" in the city to answer the question why "out of places" in the city are sometimes as important as "places". The results of this study, which are mainly based on the qualitative content analysis method, show that efforts to remove "out-of-place" phenomena in cities are not completely positive.

This article tries to examine the emergence of non-places in Kermanshah and its consequences. Article’s theoretical approach is based on the ideas of Marc Augé. In his view, Super modernity generates non-places, in which memory, stable social relationships, and identities cannot be formed. The research applies qualitative method. Results show that despite the fact that in the 1960s the city of Kermanshah was a place, the emergence of informal settlements, war and privatization of public sphere, disappearance of cinemas, decline of old neighborhoods, replacement of streets and squares with highways and non-same level intersections, have turned the city into a large non-place in which urban life has faded away. This phenomenon has brought the citizens disorientation, unwillingness to participate and violence. To date, neither developers and planners nor the people of Kermanshah have carried out the process of building place and regenerating urban life.

Governments and political leaders play a role in the activation process and the perceived power and power potential, taken within the strategy is extremely important. The main function of national power, national interest and the protection of its expansion. However, the relationship between these two variables important role that it can be interpreted as a strategy. My main objective manifestation of national power and national strategy is the use of national power by political leaders that the best model for achieving national goals and manifest them is determinate. Therefore the international environment and threat assessment, we develop a strategy of internal and external influences, is an important issue.Consideration will be codes here that the importance of geopolitical or geo-political strategy is clear. This study was designed to investigate the nature of various dimensions Plytyky geo codes or Plytyk Zeev strategies using research methods - descriptive analysis. While the definition and context code, without writing code indicates that it is important Plytyky geo-nationalist strategy, Abtr Vna be expressive.

Due to the high rate of crime repeated by ex-offenders after their terms of prison, having an organized and smart supervision and using proper methods for each society are considered as vital needs for each judiciary system.In Iran, with respect to the present situation, in order to rehabilitate ex-offenders, any of the society-based, place-based, offender-based, or instrument-based approaches need to be applied, either in isolation or in combination with each other’s. Surely, characteristics of an offender and his/her crime are main factors of choosing the type of supervision.To achieve this goal, the cooperation of all ministries, governmental organizations, civil entities and NGOs as well as the strategic role of the police in making collaboration between these will be of a very high importance.

Nowadays, a large part of countries’ population are living in cities and along with the increase of urban populations and consequently the physical expansion of urban areas, crime has become more widespread and massive in urban society. Lack of attention to this problem (increasing crime), scientifically and logically can lead to irreparable damage and losses caused to the city. This article is about to evaluate the role of all indicators based on each other. Environmental factors affecting crime are location of neighborhood, neighborhood function, the size and extent of the neighborhood, and the physical condition of the neighborhood. Cultural factors affecting crime are Cultural assault, Family Culture, and development of gangs, corruption and prostitution groups. Economic factors affecting crime are poverty and unemployment, inflation and expensive, family income, false employment on income and expenses and housing prices. Social Factors that influence the occurrence of crime are social disorders, literacy, the conflict between generations, population density, and different ethnicities and races. Physical factors (lack of facilities) are Disciplinary, Sport and Recreation centers, educational and cultural centers, needed business places and health centers. Therefore, this paper using a systematic and holistic approach, identifies and prioritize the factors affecting crime in the city of Semnan, using the expert opinions and expert evaluation and finally the method of Ahp.