delphi

This article aims to analyze the role of gender (women and men) in committing white collar crimes in Iran and Norway. According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is a crime committed by people who are "respected and have social status." Studies clearly show that women are under-represented in official statistics related to certain types of organizational white-collar crime. However, what exactly creates such a pattern is worthy of reflection and interpretation. There are several possibilities in this regard. One interpretation is that because access to occupational and organizational positions is stratified by gender, women have fewer opportunities to commit certain types of white-collar crime; Especially those crimes that allow the offender to use the organization as a means to deceive and conspire against the victims. Therefore, the limited access to job positions explains why women are not accused among this type of white-collar criminals. This interpretation is based on the implicit assumption that if women have access to similar job and organizational positions, they will act like men. However, there is a possibility that women behave differently than men even if they have the same situations and opportunities. Maybe women are actually more law-abiding than men. Another possibility is that men and women commit crimes equally. But the criminal justice system

The impact of climate change on societies depends on their resilience. The economic resilience approach, due to its dynamic and foresight nature, can be more effective in increasing the economic adaptability of farmers against disasters. This study was conducted with the aim of obtaining suitable indicators for evaluating the economic resilience of farmers in dealing with climate disasters. The current research was conducted in two stages using systematic review and Delphi techniques. In the first stage of the study, based on a systematic review of the theoretical literature on resilience, a model of resilience that is adapted from Jantao's economic resilience model was selected as a suitable model for farmers' economic resilience studies, which consists of three main dimensions of stability, adaptation and change. THEN 44 primary indicators were extracted based on a systematic review of the theoretical literature of resilience studies. The second stage was done using the Delphi technique. According to the results, out of the 44 investigated indicators, 19 indicators were selected as suitable indicators for evaluation, and based on the opinions of experts and elites, 6 indicators in the dimension of stability, 9 indicators in adaptability and 4 indicators in change were the most frequent, and the indicators of the ability to adapt Relative economic conditions of the family at the time of crisis, having diverse job and livelihood capacity, ability to create and develop business through diversification of non-agricultural activities were of the greatest importance and emphasis.

Theme parks can be considered an attractive industry to create a fun and entertaining recreation in open or closed spaces. Lack of codified studies in Iran regarding the criteria for creating theme parks and not paying attention to the needs of those involved in the design and construction to the needs of visitors and tourists who are the main players in the industry network reveals the fact that without sufficient information and resources Had. According to studies conducted in other countries, the security index has been proposed as the most important measure of quality in service from the perspective of visitors. The present study is qualitative and examines the success criteria for the construction of creative projects, such as the construction of an ice cream park in District 11 of Isfahan Municipality. In this method, first 12 open questions were asked from experts and the review of the answers led to the determination of 12 criteria and 120 sub-criteria. Finally, the sub-criteria that scored an average score above 4.5 were selected as the most important indicators. In this research, the conceptual model, the result of coding and classification of criteria represent that the success of theme parks includes four main components of environment and landscape, location branding, health and economy that can be generalized in the construction of theme parks in Iranian cities. Emphasis on using the opinion of experts for design and construction, the use of local quality materials and also the security of return on investment is of particular importance for investors and creating security and attention to health issues is one of the most important indicators when providing services to visitors.

In the present age, the main cause of crises in human societies is rooted in social inequalities and lack of social justice. In this regard, the purpose of this study is the future of social justice research in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis. This research is applied in terms of purpose and according to the components under study, the prevailing approach is descriptive-analytical method and in terms of method is a combination of library and survey methods. The scope of research of Tabriz metropolis and the statistical population of 50 experts in the field of urban issues, including experts of Tabriz metropolitan municipality, consulting engineers and some university professors specializing in the field of study. In order to analyze the data, environmental and Delphi scanning techniques were used to extract the primary factors and Micmac software was used to identify the key factors. Based on the findings of the Delphi method and environmental scanning, 30 factors in the economic, physical, social, cultural and political fields were identified as the primary effective factors in achieving spatial justice in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis. After analysis by Mick Mac software, finally 11 factors including equal access to sustainable housing, equal access to educational opportunities, equitable distribution and equal access to cultural facilities and services, equal access to positions and economic opportunities Equitable distribution of infrastructure, facilities and equipment, equal access to health and medical facilities, welfare, recreation, equitable distribution of wealth and income, good urban governance, access to equal opportunities in the use of facilities and resources, and fair access to security for all people in the region In contrast, physical, mental and psychological threats were identified as key factors in achieving social justice in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis.

Considering the importance of smart cities in our country, in this research, we investigated and expressed the physical-spatial indicators of the smart city for the city of Torbat Heydarieh using the Delphi method. The main indicators of the smart city are identified with the following indicators: creating a strong communication bridge between government institutions, developing comprehensive processes, improving access to services with the help of technology, electronic banking (paying bills, transferring funds), using information technology in reducing Paper-based trend, smart energy index with sub-indices: reduction of energy use with the help of technological innovations, encouragement to reduce consumption and encouragement to increase recycling, smart construction index with sub-indices: internationalization of the city and city promotion strategy at the international level, development of strategic projects In line with the international positions of the city, helping to maintain the rural population, the smart movement index of indicators: reducing traffic nodes by simplifying urban graphs, creating cultures such as the use of new vehicles, intelligent transportation system, smart infrastructure index with sub-indices Creation of water and sewage, creation of green spaces, use of resource planning systems, smart technology index with the following indicators: Internet use, penetration of mobile Internet use, public Internet access, urban Wi-Fi access points, The centers of public Internet access, the penetration of the use of information and communication technology and the smart health care index with the sub-indicators of the development of digital programs for groups at risk, remote home control or warning system or warning system for patients, were electronic health card.

With the expansion of metropolises in developed and especially less developed countries, the surrounding areas of cities have been exposed to the greatest amount of changes and transformations. his dynamic led to the emergence of different spatial territories and residential forms in the surroundings of cities, one of these residential forms is the growth of second homes. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of second homes in the peri-urban areas of Mazandaran province. This research is based on the practical purpose and on the basis of the descriptive and contextualization method and the library and field data collection method. On the one hand, the statistical population of the research consists of 2886 owners of second homes, which was estimated to be 339 using Cochran's formula. And on the other hand, the statistical community is made up of experts from Jihad agricultural, environmental, governorate and university organizations, 20 of whom were selected as a snowball.To analyze the data, the Delphi technique and Micmac analysis were used. The results of the research showed that among the 19 drivers identified in the Delphi technique, the speculation of real estate consultants, the inefficiency of the laws and regulations related to construction in peri-urban areas, the separation of lands due to the inheritance law and the adaptation of the proposed village area to the future spatial development pattern, with The use of M&M analysis are considered as key drivers, because they are both controllable and affect the dynamics and change of the system.

In most developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in generating income and job opportunities to meet the needs of rural areas. So that the lack of diversity in economic contexts and job opportunities is one of the most important features of the country's villages. In this regard; the approach of diversifying rural economic activities should be considered as a useful solution. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of diversification of economic activities in Langroud township . In this study, the Delphi method was used in two stages and 15 experts were purposefully selected to do this research. In order to analyze the most important challenges from the perspective of experts in this article, in the first stage, open-ended questions were used for 16 experts. In the second round, using content analysis of the results of the first stage, the second stage questionnaire was designed using the Likert scale. In this study, a panel of experts identified 113 problems in the development and diversification of rural employment. The results showed that the most important problems were "lack of close relationship between science and knowledge owners with producers and rural business owners, lack of motivation to do agricultural activities, lack of accurate, scientific and classified knowledge of employment-related officials about the concept of diversification in rural communities and lack of stability in the programs and executive policies in the villages of Langroud township" which resulted in a lack of job diversity.

Sustainable development has gradually and over time brought about various approaches with different goals. Ecological city is one of these approaches that has a stronger emphasis on environment issue as well as the relationships between city development and nature. The purpose of this study was to determine the local factors effective on the achievement of ecological city in order to sustainably develop Darcheh city. This study was mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of paradigm, and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in terms of nature. Data was collected using document analysis and field study through two means: interviews with experts using the Delphi method and a questionnaire. In the qualitative phase (the Delphi method), 30 experts and specialists were interviewed. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population of the study was comprised of Darcheh citizens aging over 15, who were 37367 individuals in the year 2016. From among these, 375 participants were selected using cluster sampling. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the urban planning experts, and its reliability was corroborated through Chronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results of the study in both phases (qualitative and quantitative) showed that the environmental and economic dimensions – with the average scores of 4.23 and 4.11 and (beta) regression coefficients of .345 and .349 – best describe the achievement of ecological city, there is a relative homogeneity among various neighborhoods of the city in terms of ecological city indices, and the ecological city development can be attained through a clear model. Moreover, according to Pearson correlation coefficient, the citizens who have had a higher educational level have shown a higher tendency (.585) to help implement the ecological city project.

Statement of the Problem:

 Rural development is an all-embracing, constant, stable, endogenous, inclusive, transformational, creative, growth-promoting process that leans on the participation and self-confidence of the villagers. Within its framework, the cultural, social, and economic capacities and abilities of the communities will grow and excel based on meeting the basic material and spiritual needs and effective control over the forces forming the local housing system and human capital development by taking advantage of internal opportunities in the village. Purpose of the Study: This research aims to explain the tourism capacities for the development of rural areas in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.

The statistical population of the research is the cultural heritage and tourism experts and other similar specialists as well as the trustees of tourism units in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The sampling method is a complete enumeration and the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire in the recent year. Delphi and SWOT methods were used to analyze the data and TOPSIS technique was used to rank the villages.

The final results indicated that the most important tourism capacities in the studied villages include intact natural resorts, enjoyable climate, and especially immaculate nomadic-life attractions, and the most crucial drawbacks of the tourism industry involve the absence of planning, accommodation dearth, and health facility deficiency, combined with the feebleness in tourism culture. In the meantime, the villages of Sar Aghaseyed, Sheikh Alikhan, Dimeh, Avargan, and Atashgah have more capabilities, respectively, and it may be essential to enter them into tourism programing priorities.

Innovation:
 

Scientific methods and techniques for explaining the tourism capacities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is the innovation of this research. Also, the tourism capacities of the statistical population studied have not been investigated at this level so far.

The city of Bojnourd is one of the cities that, due to the rapid, scattered and unbalanced growth of the new political and administrative roles and the sudden increase in urban population, is facing serious problems in various urban dimensions, especially in the current and future situation; The necessary policy and planning must be done by adopting the appropriate approach for its balanced and sustainable future development. In the present study, with descriptive-analytical and exploratory approach, first, the components of ecological city are extracted in five environmental, economic, social, managerial and physical categories in the form of 88 components and during the Delphi interview process, 16 priority components for localization in the city. Bojnourd was identified. In the second step, the prioritization of the components was done through the nominal group method and based on the comparison of its result with the Delphi result and the degree of their adaptability; the components were classified into three categories. The first floor, components with the highest adaptability, including components of improving waste and municipal wastewater, urban intelligence, utilization of public transport and clean energy, development of comprehensive, codified and integrated laws in the field of ecological, culture and style Citizen life is the existence of valuable cultural bodies in the old part of Bojnourd, controlling and managing suburbanization and informal settlements. Therefore, it is suggested that the role of these factors in the realization of the ecological city be examined and considered in future programs.

Climate change, the quantitative and qualitative decline of water resources and the increasing trend of the world's population have made water management difficult. The purpose of this study was to assess the situation and management of meteorological and agricultural droughts from the point of view of experts and household supervisors in rural areas of Eslamabad Gharb.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017 in 7 households of Eslamabad Gharb. A total of 374 households (in 21 villages) were selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling. Data were collected through library and field research (questionnaire and interview). To analyze the quantitative data, standardized precipitation indices, standardized transpiration and one-sample T-test, and in the qualitative part, Delphi method was used..

According to the results of the Standardized Precipitation Index, from 1986 to 2016, 14 years of drought occurred at the county level (8 years normal, 4 years moderate and 2 years severe). According to the results of the long-term standardized transpiration index, 2.1% of the city population was affected by moderate drought in 2008-2009, and 64.6% by mild drought.

Rural participation in drought management planning is the most important and effective factor affecting drought management.

A number of theoretical and practical solutions were presented in response to the problems of urban sprawl and its negative results. Urban Smart growth theory provided infill development with the aim to guide a part of regional growth in urban centers and reduce the pressure of physical growth on the rural and undeveloped urban areas trying to emphasize on the development of cities and utilization of the existing infrastructure. Lack of accurate and efficient method for calculating capacity development and relying on development planning based on potential rather than capacity were intensified the need to develop the operational process to assess the development capacity. Because of the extent of this issue and the importance of the social dimension in the development process, in this paper has been paid to developing a framework for measuring the social capacity of infill development. Since there is no consensus on the index measured, primary index were collected after studying international sources and Delphi method were used to achieve consensus among experts (In partnership with 21 experts). In order to quantify the measurement of capacity development, AHP scoring method was used. The questionnaires (Statistical population consisted of 375 residents) were distributed. Information collected was analyzed through GIS geographic information system.

Identifying industrial development capacities in any country is an indisputable priority. Obviously, using quantitative methods and reducing the involvement of the bachelor in the decision making process can provide better results. Therefore, in order to evaluate Qeshm Island for the development of industrial settlements, Multi-criteria Evaluation Method (MCDM) based on Fuzzy logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been used. In this research, the effective criteria for determining the suitable location for the construction of industrial zones include ecological and socioeconomic parameters that were identified by Delphi method. In order to carry out the research, digital layers and required data were obtained from the databases and field observations in the study area and the criteria and indices were quantitated and normalized by fuzzy method. The weight of factors was also determined by Analytical Hierarchy Process. Then, by using the weighted linear combination (WLC), all information layers were integrated in the GIS and the final map of the location of industrial zones was prepared. The results showed that the ocioeconomic parameters with the weight of 0.6 have the most effect on locating the industrial zones in the area, and the land use index with weight of 0.24 (among the socioeconomic criteria) and the index of the fault with weight of 0.13 (among the ecological criteria) Are the most important indicators in locating industrial zones in the region.

Urban bubbles are a new topic in urban planning issues for examining sustainability at various levels of social, economic, environmental, and management. Until now, a common definition of urban bubbles has not been presented, indicating that there are not many studies in this area. This research was aimed at considering the future situation of city bourgeois in Tehran metropolis using scenario approach. This research is in terms of its purpose and in terms of the collection of exploratory information. The required information was collected from field studies and documents. In field studies, Delphi technique was performed in the form of a group of 30 people. To analyze the data, the interactive effects analysis method was used in MICMAC software. The results of this study indicate that 56 factors were first identified as key factors in five institutional, managerial, economic, social and environmental dimensions affecting the future situation of urban bubbles. Then, with the opinion of the experts, 25 agents were identified. The results of the study indicate that the dispersion of the variables indicates the instability of Tehran's metropolitan system. Five categories of influential, dual, regulatory, influential and independent factors were identified. Final scores and ranking of key factors were carried out and finally, three scenarios were presented for the future status of urban bubbles in Tehran metropolitan

This paper aims at rating tourism infrastructure in Kerman Province through Geographic Weight Regression (GWR). It is a descriptive-analytical study based on documents and field studies. Indicators have been gathered by literature reviewing and using expert's opinions. Then, Arc GIS Software and Modeling Spat Relationships tools were applied for analyzing data. According to the findings, Kerman City as the capital of the Province is the most developed city of the Province. Also, a half of cities (10 cities) are poor and only Kerman City as a regional metropolitan has an acceptable situation regarding tourism infrastructures.

Today, in the wake of fast changing cities, part of the urban fabric and inefficiency have failed due to exhaustion Proper relationship with their environment and communicate services to beneficiaries. There are widely worn-out tissue one of the challenges of urban managers, planners and architects. Because the lack of attention to these tissues results in the decline of the city And uneven development and the creation of new cities on the edge of the old town. . As the scope of the study area 1 in Ahwaz Ahwaz because a significant portion of the problems in this area is the exact representation And the central part because of the extension too severe exhaustion in the old context and Rand were studied. The present study aimed at developing practical terms and in terms of cross-sectional methodology Based on library studies and field surveys . To achieve the research objectives, indicators building structure, building materials, number of floors, age, size and permeability were building. For the weight of the layers in the spatial data method was used AHP FUZZY. The method to determine the immunity status of old ones (HOT SPOT) from the instrument cluster & outlier analysis of a set of software tools available in Spatial Statistics Tools for ArcGIS is used. The results show that 83/45 percent of worn-out tissue in the range of moderate to very insecure that show safety Much of the central area of old ones require planning an immunization tissue.

The aim of the research is defining the criteria and patterns of passive defense in emergency discharge and settlement. Research is descriptive-analytical method and the technique is Delphi. The Focus Groups’ comments are used for the finalization of the criteria.The statistical society of research included all experts in the field of defense and architecture that 10 samples were selected. The results indicate that the criteria of passive defense in emergency discharge and settlement are included two general categories of the discharge and settlement.The discharge is included transport and discharge use and settlement is included locating settlement, routs and access roads to the settlement areas, temporary settlement centers in and out of town.Panelists in order to achieve the criteria of defense, gain 69 criteria so finally in order to increasing criteria in composed Focus Groups, 21 criteria are extracted and finalized as the important criteria of passive defense in emergency discharge and settlement.

In this study, we have tried to investigate the location of fire stations in Hamadan made cluster analysis approach. For this purpose, according to theory, a conceptual model is presented as the main parameters of the 8 criteria to locate fire stations provided. All of these measures in the next stage to be produced in GIS spatial layers and then use Delphi 8 benchmark in terms of expertise and the combined weight of all layers of the information specified and according to the weight gained Tlfyqshdh each layer and a map of each of 8 It is final. The cluster analysis model to achieve the target spots, Delphi for weighting and valuation models used to locate the eight criteria and models, such as buffering and Dnsyty and .... for the production of each of the layers of gis for each of the eight criteria is used. According to the map made three spots to create a new station is proposed. The three spots in the central, western and eastern parts of the city are the need of the new station will be created.