جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فرآورده های گوشتی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Meat products are rich sources of proteins. Due to the high prices of raw meats, there is a possibility of fraud in these products. The objectives of this study were to assess chemical characteristics and estimate proportion of skeletal muscle in meat products using histology and image analysis.

 Totally, 50 sausage samples (27 sausages and 23 Bologna sausages) from two brands of meat products in Hamedan City, Iran, were collected and assessed using chemical and histological assays. Histological assessment of the samples used hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining and Gomori staining as well as image analysis software.

Results of chemical assessments showed that quantity of moisture was more than standard in 56% of Bologna sausage samples and 66% of sausage samples. Furthermore, quantity of protein was less than standard in 60% of Bologna sausage samples and 85% of sausage samples. Quantity of nitrite in 70% of Bologna sausage samples and 35% of sausage samples exceeded the national standard. Results of the image analysis showed that in 100% of the samples, the quantity of skeletal muscle was lower than the quantity labeled on the product packages.

Results of this study showed that some of the chemical parameters were inconsistent with the national standard. Moreover, Gomori histochemical staining demonstrated a better efficiency for differentiating skeletal muscle sections in Bologna sausage and sausage samples from plant tissues.

 Proper food labeling can help improve a diet and health. Due to the importance of sodium in the diet, determining the amount of sodium in food and comparing it with the amount reported on nutrition labels was the objective of the present study.

 In this study, 96 high-consumption foods were examined in 5 groups, including meat and protein products, dairy products, snacks, white sauce, tomato paste, and macaroni. Sodium content was measured by a flame photometer (Halstead, Essex, England). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

 Mean values of sodium found in meat and protein products (409.35±183.04 mg) were significantly higher than the amount reported on nutritional labels (317.90±273.95 mg) (p=0.005). For groups of white sauce and tomato paste, mean values of sodium were significantly lower than the nutritional labels (p=0.002). For dairy products and macaroni was no significant difference between the sodium content reported on the nutritional labels and the actual value. In 67% of examined food, the amounts of sodium did not match those reported by nutritional labels, being lower or higher than the value reported. 

 This study demonstrated that the amount of sodium reported on nutritional labels significantly differed from the amounts used in raw materials. Therefore, it is essential to carefully control the amounts of sodium during food production processes and monitor nutritional labels.

All laws and regulations in Iran are approved following the rules of the holy Sharia of Islam, Knowing the mental image of consumers of the halal brand helps to understand their behaviour and facilitates activities in the halal market for companies and businesses.

This was applied-fundamental research and a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 1399 by randomized cluster sampling on the population of Iran, with actual results that can be used and generalized immediately after the study.

The source of information about halal food according to the most answers (45.8%) were related to hearing from others and others. There is a significant relationship between the level of awareness and gender (P = 0.046) and the men studied have a higher level of awareness than women volunteers. There is a significant relationship between the level of awareness and having a food-related job (P = 0.006) and People with food-related jobs studied have a higher level of awareness than people with non-food-related jobs. There is also a significant relationship between the level of education with having a food-related education (P = 0.001) and having a halal-related education (P = 0.017). And people with food-related education and solvent-related education have a higher level of awareness than other people. There is a positive and direct correlation between performance and knowledge and attitude (P = 0.021 and P = 0.029, respectively), so that with increasing awareness and attitude; We are seeing an increase in performance.

Awareness of the level of knowledge, outlook and practice of the people of the country can be the basis for conducting other studies and actions in the field of legislation, compiling educational materials, holding training courses and re-educating related to halal food. Since the results of such a study will be used in halal business and food industry nationally and internationally.

Nowadays, consumers are demanding more accurate and clear food information than ever before, and meat products are no exception. Given the relatively high cost of raw meat, the possibility of adulteration is not unthinkable. The importance of detecting fraud meat products is due to the inclusion of other types of meat or cheap carcass components or the non-compliance of the ingredients listed in the product label. It is important to identify frauds in meat products for economic, security, religious and health reasons, so institutions concerned with the quality and health of food products must monitor this issue in various and precise ways.

In this study, chemical properties (fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash and moisture contents) of 58 samples of meat products offered in Tabriz were evaluated by the methods mentioned in the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Also, the meat authenticity of 47 samples of raw meat and red meat products in terms of mixing meat or other parts of chicken carcass with them was investigated using PCR technique.

The results showed that 41.38% of the tested samples had values ​​contrary to the permissible limits set by the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Also, cases of fraud in the samples through mixing poultry meat in the samples were found whether in standardized products such as processed and semi-processed products or in raw meat samples, so that overall, 87.23% of the obtained samples were not confirmed for product authenticity.

This study showed that fraud and incorrect information on the label of red meat products in terms of poultry meat adulteration in them in Tabriz city is very high and this fact further reveals the need for accurate, continuous and regular monitoring of health institutions on this high-consumption food product.

Nowadays, meat products that are easily prepared and cooked are of great concern to the people. Among them, hamburgers are one of the products of meat production, which is often produced in both industrial and handmade form, and the use of unauthorized meat such as the undesirable plant adjuvants of slaughter animals (lung, breast, spleen, abdominal cavity organs, gizzard, chicken skin, etc.) in the compound formula is one of the adulterations of this product. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of unauthorized tissues in handmade burgers supplied in Tehran by histological method.
In this study, in the year 2014, 35 handmade hamburgers were examined for the presence of unauthorized tissues and non-authorized substitutes in the formulation, by histological method (staining with hematoxylin and eosin).
In this study, the percentage of use of unauthorized tissues in hand-made samples was 48.57% including chicken paste (14 cases) and skin (3 cases). Statistical analysis of the data showed that the percentage of use of chicken paste had a significant difference compared with skin use (P value Due to the fact that the use of unauthorized tissues in burgers according to existing standards is a fraud and endangers the health of consumers, the necessity of strict hygienic controls and supervision is necessary for the deli.

Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are the most common bacterial foodborne pathogens contaminating food products especially meat. It is essential to detect the pathogens rapidly, specifically, and simultaneously by selection and optimization of suitable reference genes. The present study was conducted to simultaneously detect E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in meat products and contamination prevalence assay by using multiplex PCR based on rfbE and invA genes amplification in Zanjan province, northwest of Iran.
A total of 74 meat samples were obtained from various regions of Zanjan province, randomly. 25 grams of each meat sample was completely homogenized in 225 ml of Mueller-Hinton broth growth medium and incubated. Bacterial strains were purified and DNA extraction was performed from purified bacterial isolates. Simultaneous amplification of rfbE and invA gene fragments was done with specific primers by optimization of a multiplex PCR. Finally, the sensitivity of the method was evaluated by inoculation of the bacteria to the meat.
Out of 74 meat samples, 6(8%), 4(5.4%), and 2(2.7%) samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and both E. coli O157:H7-Salmonella, respectively. Multiplex PCR indicated high sensitivity for simultaneous detection of the pathogens in lowest dilution of the bacteria that had been inoculated to the meat.
In this study, a multiplex PCR was optimized based on Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 virulence genes for rapid and simultaneous detection of the pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. Multiplex PCR as a reliable tool for rapid and simultaneous detection of foodborne pathogens to prevent contamination of food products.

Presence of nitrites in meat products is important because they combine with secondary amines and produce nitrosamine carcinogen. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different cooking methods and temperatures on residual nitrite content in sausage. This experimental study was conducted in the Food and Drug Laboratory of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Sausage samples containing 90% meat that were produced under identical conditions in a factory in Qazvin were transferred to the laboratory under suitable conditions and their residual nitrite contents were measured. The residual nitrite content was remeasured three times after using different cooking methods (frying, grilling, and cooking in microwave oven) at different temperatures and durations in 39 experiments. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Before cooking, the residual nitrite content was 33.57 mg/kg in the sausage samples and reached to 26.46 mg/kg after frying at 120º C for 5 minutes. Mean residual nitrite content was significantly different at other temperatures and cooking durations. The mean residual nitrite content reached to 1.42 and 0 after frying at 220º C for 5 and 10 minutes, respectively. With regards to the results, the greater the temperature and the duration of cooking, the more the reduction in residual nitrite content of the final product.

Nitrite and nitrate are preservatives that have been used in meat products (sausages) and include carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was determining the mount of nitrite and nitrate in different types of meat products marketed in Kermanshah. The method of study is descriptive – cross-sectional. 100 samples were taken from meat products factories (19 factories) randomly. Nitrite and nitrate level was determined by spectrophotometric method. The mean differences were analyzed using ANOVA and T. Test methods. Level of nitrite and nitrate in different types of meat products were between 96 – 168 ppm respectively and 167 – 763 ppm respectively. Level of nitrite and nitrate in 76% and 70% samples were up to 100 ppm and 500 ppm. The difference between the means of nitrite and nitrate level in sausages with different meat content was not significant. The differences between the means of nitrite and nitrate level in different factories were significant (P<0.05). High level of nitrite and nitrate in meat products is worrying. Consequently observation the standards and measures these food additives in sausages are essential.

High consumption of trans fatty acids is associated with increased risks cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, lipid disorders, diabetes, and possibly cancer. Therefore, most developed countries produce food products with trans fatty acid content of 0%-2% to support the consumers. This study sought to determine the amount of fatty acids in meat products and kebabs served in restaurants of Kermanshah, Iran. In order to determine the percentage of fatty acids, 69 samples were randomly taken from 14 kinds of meat products and kebabs served in restaurants of Kermanshah. To extract the 14 types of fatty acids, Folch and methylation methods were applied based on the guidelines of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS). A gas chromatograph equipped with an ion-flame sensor and a 100 m capillary column was used to measure trans fatty acids. While the highest level of trans fatty acids was found in loghmeh-kebab (2.3%), the lowest level was detected in breaded shrimp (0.1%) and chicken schnitzel (0.13%). Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most common saturated fatty acid in restaurant kebabs and had the highest amount in loghmeh-kebabs (in convenience foods). Unsaturated fatty acids had the lowest concentration in restaurant kebabs (39.8-49.44%). Their levels in convenience foods varied from 49.99% in loghmeh-kebab to 76.11% in sausages. Among all unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (C 18:1c) and linoleic acid (C 18:2c) had the highest concentrations in the studied samples. Loghmeh-kebab had the highest tans and saturated fatty acid contents among all the evaluated meat products. It can thus be a threat to the consumers’ health. Careful monitoring of food products in terms of fatty acid types, use of food labeling, and education to change consumption pattern in the country are recommended for public health promotion.