factor structure

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an issue primarily of concern in adolescents and young adults. The Ottawa self-Injury inventory (OSI) is a self-report measure that offers a comprehensive assessment of NSSI, including the measurement of its functions and addictive features. Thus, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Ottawa self-Injury inventory-functions (OSI-F) for assessing NSSI for gifted adolescents.

In this correlational study, 350 gifted adolescents who were selected using the convenience sampling method, answered the OSI-F, the short version of the self-harm screening inventory for adolescents, the depression, anxiety and stress scale, and the psychological capital questionnaire.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis in line with the results of other studies supported the factor structure consisting of four factors. The model showed significant correlations between factors (rs=0.55-0.75, p<0.001). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the factor structure of the addictive characteristics of self-injurious behaviors. All the items had significant path estimates (0.42 to 0.83). Cronbach’s alpha for factors of internal emotional regulation, social influence, external emotional regulation, and sensation seeking in the scale of self-injurious behavior functions was equal to 0.86, 0.87, 0.64, and 0.72, respectively, and for the scale of addictive characteristics was 0.87. Convergent validity of scales of functions and addictive characteristics of self-injurious behavior was obtained through the relationship with scores in scales of anxiety, depression, stress, and deliberate self-injurious behaviors, as well as psychological capital factors.

  Results showed preliminary psychometric support for the OSI as a valid and reliable assessment tool to be used in both research and clinical contexts.

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor characterized by a negative reaction at an emotional, cognitive, and behavioral level to uncertain situations.

The current study investigates the factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity of the Iranian version of the intolerance of uncertainty scale-12 and its predictive role in anxiety, depression, and contrast avoidance (CA).

This is a cross-sectional, psychometric study. Two large samples (N1=1210, N2=228) were collected with the convenience sampling method from three university students in Zanjan city (i.e., University of Medical Sciences, Azad University, and Payame Noor University) who were studying from February to July 2020. Data were collected using CAQ-GE, BAI, BDI-II, GAD-7 and IUS-12. The data were analyzed with  Mplus 7.4, Amos 24, and SPSS 26 software.

EFA and CFA supported the two-factor model for IUS-12. In addition, the results indicated that the IUS-12 has an excellent convergent validity (p<0.01) and an acceptable internal consistency (α=0.89). Regression analysis results confirmed the predictive role of IUS-12 in predicting anxiety and depression and pointed out the possible transdiagnostic nature of the CA.

Iranian version of IUS-12 showed good psychometric properties and a robust two-factor structure. Therefore, using it in predicting constructs related to anxiety and depression could help us extend our knowledge of the underlying factors of psychiatric disorders.

Anxiety is considered as one of the most common disorders during childhood and is associated with adverse functional, psychological, social and educational consequences for children. It is a necessity to screen children's anxiety. This study aimed to determine the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version.

I terms of methodology, this study is a descriptive developmental one with a survey design. Its statistical population included all students who were 8-12 years old in primary schools in Rasht during the academic year of 2019-2020. Using the cluster random sampling method, 500 students were selected as the statistical sample of this study. The research instrument was the Enhanced Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. The construct validity was performed based on two methods of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Characteristics curve analysis was used to determine the cutting point. Assessing the reliability of the questionnaire in 3 sections of internal consistency, stability and homogeneity was performed using Cronbach's alpha correlation, the test-retest method with intra-cluster internal correlation, and correlation coefficient of each item to the total and correlation of items together, respectively. 

275 (55%) of the participants were female and the other 225 (45%) were male. Factor analysis showed that this scale has five components: Market panic, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety and separation anxiety with desirable fitness indices. Also, the values of Cronbach's alpha ​​for the whole scale was 0.939 and for the dimensions of market panic, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety, and separation anxiety were 0.812, 0.894, 0.803, 0.709, and 0.801, respectively. The most appropriate cutting point of this scale was 24.5.

The confirmatory factor structure, reliability and validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-short version are desirable for research, diagnostic and screening applications in Iranian society.

Measurement as one of the important objectives in developmental domains enables the scholars to study developmental changes and retardation and provides insights into educational solutions. One of the most important and reliable scales for measuring development in younger children was designed by Brunet and Lezine in France; But, to use it in Iran, its reliability and validity are required to be assessed. The present research was carried out to study factor structure, reliability and validity of the scale for Iranian infants of mothers who work at medical centers by considering their job position.

This is a descriptive survey project. Also, given the comparison of the elements of mental and motor scale for two genders in the project, it is also causal-comparative. The research sample include 536 younger children of mothers who work at medical centers (327 girls and 209 boys) selected by convenience sampling.

The results of Cronbach’s Alpha showed an acceptable level of reliability for most of sub scales. Reliability coefficient for each of subscales included: positional control of body 0.76, ocular-motor co-ordination 0.74, listening and speaking language subscale 0.58, sociability subscale 0.77, and Cronbach’s Alpha for total scale 0.89. By using factor analysis, we extracted 4 factors: positional control of body, ocular-motor co-ordination, listening and speaking language, and sociability.

Results of this study showed that children mental and motor development BRUNET-LÉZINE scale has the psychometric properties to be utilized in psychological researches about younger children.

Mentalized affectivity is a new approach that expresses the process of emotion regulation through a dynamic perspective. Since social-cognitive variables and cultural context play a major role in the process of mentalized affectivity, the present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Mentalized Affectivity Scale in Iran.

A total of 447 students were selected via the convenience sampling method. The Persian version of Mentalized Affectivity Scale was administered simultaneously with other scales. exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses was used to evaluate the validity of the scale. Moreover, convergent validity and divergent validity of this scale were assessed with other scales. The reliability of the scale was calculated by Cronbach's alpha, coefficient theta, and composite reliability.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed four factors of emotion recognition, emotion processing, emotion tracing, and emotion expression. The significant correlation of factors with the used scales pointed to the content validity and divergent validity of the scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire scale was 0.93. The composite reliability of the factors was in the range of 0.82-0.89, and the coefficient theta of the scale was reported as 0.98. With respect to average variance extracted (AVE) greater than 0.5 and composite reliability greater than 0.8, the convergent validity of the factors was confirmed.

As evidenced by the obtained results, the Persian version of the Mentalized Affectivity Scale is a valid scale in the field of emotion regulation and social cognition that can be used for Iranian populations. The factor structure includes four factors.

Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in childrenchr('39')s adaptive behavior. The importance of this concept in managing the interpersonal relationships, coping with problematic situations, and achieving the personal goals indicates the need for a valid tool to measure it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Emotion Regulation Checklist – Parent Form among students aged 6 to 12.

This research was a descriptive developmental study. The study population included all the male and female 6 to 12-year old students in the governmental primary schools of Arak in the academic year 2018-2019. Then a sample of 471 students was selected among this population through cluster sampling, whose parents completed the Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields & Cicchetti, 1995) and Social Skills Rating System (Gresham & Elliot, 1990). The classical test theory and item-response theory were used to analyze the data.

 The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in classical test theory and multidimensional models in item-response theory confirmed the validity of Emotion Regulation Checklist in two factors of emotion regulation and emotion lability/negativity. Results from Cronbachchr('39')s alpha analysis showed the reliability of 0.76 and 0.69 for emotion regulation and emotional lability/negativity, respectively, which is considered appropriate and acceptable. Also, the prognostic function of the checklist  showed that the emotional lability/negativity in trait range of -2 to 3 had the highest prognosis, and the emotion regulation factor in trait range of 2 to -3 had high prognosis and low measurement error (p<0.01).

 According to the results of this study and the importance of evaluation of emotion regulation especially in children, it can be concluded that the Persian version of the Emotion Regulation Checklist is a suitable and valid tool for evaluating this concept in the children aged 6 to 12.

The widespread use of the Internet has created new issues in the field of psychological studies. One of these emerging constructs is Internet anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of the Internet Anxiety Scale in students.

In a descriptive, validation study, 206 and 289 students from Farhangian University Branches of Mashhad were selected through multi-stage sampling and completed the Internet Anxiety Scale and Internet Self-efficacy scale, respectively. Internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, criterion and constructive validity were evaluated using SPSS.25 and AMOS.24 software.

The results showed that the scale had a two-factor structure with an explained variance of 55.82%. Confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed. The scale had good construct reliability. The divergent validity confirmed in relation to Internet self-efficacy (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in age (P>0.05). Gender differences were significant for fear of negative evaluation (F=6.53, P<0.01) and internet anxiety score (F=7.22, P<0.01), and girls had higher mean scores. Differences were significant according to field (P <0.01) and Science and Foreign Language students had the lowest and the highest mean score, respectively (21.37 and 27.05).

It seems that the Internet Anxiety Scale has a good reliability and validity in students.

The aim of present study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Amputee the Body Image Scale (ABIS)

A sample of 200 amputee patients were selected from amputee veteran and amputee people under the protection of Red Cerscent by using convenience sampling and asked to respond to the Persian version of The Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS), Bell Adjustment Inventory (BAI) and Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS). The reliability of the inventory was assessed by internal consistency and item-rest correlations. Also; in order to investigate the validity of the inventory, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion validity and convergent validity were used

The Cronbach’s alpha (0.89) and item-rest correlations indicated satisfactory reliability of the inventory. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed one factor structure for scale. Also, criterion validity of the scale with the Bell Adjustment Inventory (BAI) and convergent validity of the scale with the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS) was satisfactory

The findings showed that the Persian version of the Amputee Body Image Scale is a suitable tool in assessing of body image in amputee patients and can be used in research and intervention fields in Iranian patients.

Alexithymia is defined as difficulties in identifying and describing the feelings, externally oriented thinking and limited imaginative processes. Most of studies on alexithymia have been performed on adults and less research has been done to assess alexithymia in children. Therefore the purpose of this study was to construct, validate and identify the factor structure of a childrenchr('39')s alexithymia scale.

This research was a descriptive-survey study. The study population included all the primary school students of Qorveh city in the academic year 2019-2020. A sample of 260 students was randomly selected from this population by cluster sampling. Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Rieffe et al., 2006) for establishing concurrent validation and Researcher-made Questionnaire of Childrenchr('39')s Alexithymia were completed by the parents. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and LISREL 8.5 using correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Also the content validity of this scale was confirmed by four experts in the field of psychology.

Factor analysis showed that the five factors of difficulty in identifying the feelings, difficulty in describing the feelings, difficulty in imagination, difficulty in distinguishing the feelings from the physiological changes, and objective thinking with the specific value greater than 1, explained 59.26% of item variance. Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that model fit indices were good. Findings of this research showed that Cronbachchr('39')s alpha for the whole scale was 0.70. The value of Cronbachchr('39')s alpha for each of the factors of difficulty in identifying the feelings, difficulty in describing the feelings, difficulty in imagination, difficulty in distinguishing feelings from physiological changes, and objective thinking were 0.89, 0.81, 0.88, 0.60, and 0.71 respectively.

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the 26-item Childrenchr('39')s Alexithymia Scale is a suitable tool for being used in fields of psychology, education and research and its use is suggested to all professionals and researches in the area of psychology.

Since motivational self-regulation is one of the important strategies for self-regulation learning, students' ability to face the challenges of motivation in their academic activities and their insistence on doing them has an important impact on their learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the factor structure of the short form of motivational self-regulation scale in students.

In this descriptive study, the population of the study included all the students who attended Hamedan University of Medical Sciences in the 2017-2018 academic year. In this study 461 students were selected by cluster random sampling method. After translation into Persian, the scale was provided as a 12-item version available to the students. For determination of the scale factors, the exploratory factor analysis using the principal component analysis and varimax rotation method was used and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the factors.

The results of exploratory factor analysis, extracted two factors, Regulation of Motivation and Willpower. The Cronbach's alpha for the factors was 0.70 and 0.82, respectively and for the scale, it was 0.86 which totally determined 50.14% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed the significant relationship between the manifest variables and latent elements (p<0.001). As a result, it can be said that the structure of the factor has a good fit in the Iranian sample.

Short form of motivational self-regulation scale has a well-established structure. So, using this tool is well-supported and reliable in future research.

Today, to accurately assess and measure a variable in the field of psychology and psychiatry it requires efficient tools. The purpose of this study was to construct, validate, and identify the factor structure of a 24-items Emotional Flexibility Scale (EFS).

This research was a descriptive-correlational study. 240 people were selected through available sampling method from all the clients of the health care centers in Hamedan and collected Psychological Well-being questionnaire and researcher-made Emotional Flexibility Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL using correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Content validity index (CVI = 0.916) was calculated by help of 4 specialists.

The factor analysis showed that 3 factors with a specific value higher than one could explain 75.716 percent of the variance of the items. Also, the rotated matrix of data showed that all of the items are effective. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that goodness of fit statistics is acceptable. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.866 and for positive emotion regulation, negative emotion regulation, and emotion communication were 0.834, 0.761, and 0.641, respectively.

Thus, it can be concluded that the 24-items EFS in terms of validity and factor structure is a desirable tool for use in various educational, research, and clinical fields. The applicant of this tool is recommended to all professionals, students and researchers in the field of psychology and psychiatry.

Mindfulness is a multidimensional construct and its various dimensions can play an important role in reducing and improving the symptoms and physical and emotional symptoms of people with various disorders which makes the evaluation of mind-awareness necessary. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of a comprehensive inventory of mindfulness experiences among university students.

The method of this study was correlation and factor analysis. The statistical population of this study included all students of Islamic Azad University of Roudehen Branch who were studying in the first half of the academic year 2018-19, among whom 473 students were selected by convenience sampling method. To obtain data, the comprehensive inventory of mindfulness experiences (CHIME-A) and mindfulness scale (MAAS) were used. Data were analyzed by using correlation coefficient and exploratory factor analysis methods via SPSS software version 22.

The mean (SD) age of the participants was 25.1 (6.2) among male students and 23.8 (5.4) among female students. CHIME-A consisted of three components. The mean (SD) score of the component of perception with active insight and decentralization was 52.3 (9.5); component of knowledge of internal and external experiences 48.7 (6.5); action with knowledge, acceptance and orientation without judgment 26.4 (5.9) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85, 0.72 and 0.61, respectively. The mean (SD) total score of the questionnaire was 127.5 (14.8) and its Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.90. The three components of CHIME-A and their total score were positively correlated with the scores of MAAS (P <0.01).

The study showed that the comprehensive inventory of mindfulness experiences among students has an appropriate internal consistency and validity.