ahmad shahivandi

Housing is recognized as a basic human right in the constitutions and declarations of many countries, with various policies addressing this need. In Iran, housing policy initiatives began with the Third Development Plan and were reinforced after the Revolution when housing became a constitutional right. However, housing provision remains a challenge. Therefore, it is crucial to examine Iran's housing policies over time and compare them with global strategies. This study uses library-based data collection to examine Iranian housing policies through historical-comparative content analysis. It explores how the goals and content of housing policies have evolved from the Revolution to 2021 and identifies which global housing approaches were adopted in each period. A public-policy content analysis framework was selected, focusing on objectives, tools, and key institutions. Major policy documents from each period were analyzed within this framework to identify the global approach applied in each phase. The findings indicate that Iran’s housing policies throughout the analyzed period largely aligned with global approaches used until the early 1980s, with a focus on social objectives, shifting to economic goals thereafter. Correspondingly, the tools utilized predominantly included special concessions and loans, regulatory delegation, command-based laws, financial support for stakeholders, and direct provision of goods. The pivotal role of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development has led to the dominance of administrative agencies as the main implementing bodies, with citizens emerging as a secondary group of stakeholders, particularly in light of the increasing importance of public participation in policies.

Historical contexts in urban literature are valuable foundations that carry the values of previous generations and the country's heritage, which requires a scientific approach to facilitate the development of this part of the city and use new methods and tools. Understanding urban neighborhoods' spatial and physical structure, especially historical and decayed neighborhoods, will help us effectively prepare future urban development plans. Thus, this study aimed to explain the role of physical components and space syntax within historical contexts through a descriptive-analytical approach. To achieve this goal, after studying the relevant theoretical foundations, Autocad, Depthmap, and GIS software were used to generate the maps, and the structural equation model and Amos Graphic 22 software were used to analyze the data. This analytical method reveals the impact of a far greater number of tangible physical, with a regression weight of 0.707. Among the tangible physical variables, the passage width with a regression weight of 0.630, and the enclosure with a regression weight of 0.604 have both achieved the highest ranking. among the variables of the intangible physical component, space syntax with a regression weight of 0.621 has a higher weight than the rest of the factors, and among the factors of this component, "space connection" with a regression weight of 0.878 has a higher weight.  One thing worth noting is that there is a significant relationship between the depth of space and the choice of path and space since the greater the depth of space and its blind spots are, the fewer paths and spaces to choose from. Moreover, contrary to popular belief, the length of passages has little impact on neighborhood dynamics.

Flood is one of the most common and severe dangers that disrupt people's lives around the world.Khorramabad city is at risk of flooding due to its location in a valley, torrential rains, and the presence of the Karganeh and Khorramroud rivers in the city. And the purpose of this research is to assess the vulnerability of urban facilities Khorram Abad city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. ARC GIS software and AHP-FUZZY hybrid model were used to prepare vulnerability maps. In order to determine the criteria, experts have been consulted after that, the paired criteria matrix is formed, and then according to the matrices, a questionnaire has been prepared that compares the criteria two by two according to their importance. Finally, the questionnaires were given to 25 experts and specialists and completed. The result of scoring the criteria was entered into the special software of the AHP (Expert choice) model and the final weight of the sub-criteria was determined, and in the next step, the layers (sub-criteria) were fuzzified and then the layers were combined, and as a result, The final map of the vulnerability of the Khorramabad facilities was obtained.In this research, two natural and physical criteria, which include 12 sub-criteria: worn texture, population density, road network, use, height, slope, slope direction, geology, distance from the river, soil science, subsidence, rainfall amount Used.The results of the research showed that 9.66 percent or 49 hectares of urban facilities are very vulnerable to floods. It was also found that the use of green spaces, office use, educational use and commercial use are the most vulnerable, and historical use and cultural use are the least vulnerable to floods. In order to reduce the flood vulnerability and to increase the safety of urban facilities, it is necessary to organize and improve the quality of the bed and river boundaries and improve the physical quality of rivers under the supervision of city managers and officials.

Providing housing has been known as one of Iran's problems since before revolution, despite the policies made before, after of revolution, this problem has not been solved but has appeared more seriously. So, various research has been conducted about policy-analysis, and their review helps to identify research gaps and prevents repetitive research. so, this study, with qualitative approach and interpretative paradigm, aims to identify gaps of internal research of housing policy in the last three decades and has used the method of bibliometric analysis, systematic review. Results show that vocabulary of research, in 3 general categories of development plans and policies, factors affecting housing policies and their future, and the effects and consequences of housing policies and their efficiency, and research goal in 4 groups including description (1.5%), cause (7.3%), Consequence (77.4%) and supplementary research (13.8%) are classified. Therefore, main gap is related cause and lack of research in that analysis of housing policy in 3-dimensions at the same time.

As one of the biggest and most complex global challenges, the COVID-19 crisis has clearly shown how an infectious disease can spread rapidly around the world and deeply affect all aspects of human life. In the meantime, it is very important to adopt a smart approach and use smart city technologies and initiatives for urban resilience in the face of such crises so that communities and cities can best deal with the challenges ahead and have proper preparation for future crises. The current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the effective factors and indicators of a smart city in improving urban resilience against COVID-19 in Shiraz. The research method of this research is quantitative, descriptive-analytical in nature, and practical in terms of purpose. The data was collected using library documents and field studies. The statistical population of the research included all the residents of Zone 1 of Shiraz city, which was determined using the Cochran Jahm formula, and the questionnaires were distributed and collected among the citizens by systematic random sampling. Research data have been analyzed using the structural equation method. The results have shown that all four effective factors of a smart city, i.e., access to services, institutional management, economic, and sociocultural, have a significant relationship with urban resilience against COVID-19. Access to services is the most influential factor in improving the resilience of Shiraz city against COVID-19. The sociocultural, economic, and institutional management factors are in the next ranks in terms of importance and impact on the improvement of Shiraz city's resilience against COVID-19.

Tourism, as a highly productive industry, has received a great deal of attention in various countries in recent decades. Isfahan is one of the cities with many attractions that has the potential to compete with other cities in attracting tourists. For this purpose, this research started with the aim of a "future" study of Isfahan as a competitive city in the field of tourism using a scenario writing approach. This research is a research with a descriptive-analytical nature that is applied in terms of purpose. The methods of data collection are library, documentary, and questionnaire. In order to analyze the information, based on the futuristic approach, the method of structural analysis and interaction balance was used using MIC MAC and Scenario Wizard software. After reviewing the research background and theoretical foundations, 221 indicators related to the study of competitive cities extracted from reliable and up-to-date sources were refined using the Delphi-fuzzy technique. In the next step, the structural analysis method identified key impulses from 39 refined indices. By analyzing software outputs, investment indicators, quality of tourism infrastructure, marketing effectiveness to attract tourists, and marketing planning were identified as key indicators due to the appropriate impact on the system under study. In the last stage, scenarios were developed using the interaction balance method. Twenty-seven scenarios were obtained by Scenario Wizard software, which were classified into three categories as strong and probable scenarios, high compatibility scenarios, and possible and weak scenarios. In the end, scenario baskets were formed for the future of tourism in Isfahan. According to the results, if Isfahan wants to have a favorable future in the field of tourism, it must control and develop the three indicators to attract tourists

The reduction of urban green space and its importance makes it necessary to adopt comprehensive strategies. In addition to physical development, the main issue in this discussion is the category of human development, which means the participation of local people and their control over the development process. According to the survey conducted and according to the per capita green space obtained in the research, the per capita green space in Mehrabad district of Isfahan is 4.4 square meters, which is why it faces the challenge of lack of green space. The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the desire for the quantitative and qualitative development of private green space in the Mehrabad neighborhood by using participatory planning and measuring the effects of this development on the lives of residents.

To achieve this goal, first, dimensions, criteria, sub-criteria and indicators of participatory planning and private green space development were identified. Then, these indicators were set in a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, and this questionnaire was distributed among 30 residents of  the Mehrabad neighborhood using Cochran's formula. After measuring validity and reliability, the questionnaire was distributed among 375 residents. Then, using SPSS software and a step-by-step regression model, an inferential analysis of criteria and indicators was done.

In the inferential analysis of criteria and indicators, two stepwise regression analyzes were performed. In order to analyze in step-by-step regression, a table was prepared under the title of average scores of dimensions of participatory planning, desire to develop private green space and dimensions of the effects of private green space development on the lives of neighborhood residents. A total of 61 indicators were considered. Because the data used in regression must be distance or relative, so the average of each dimension is considered. In the first step-by-step regression analysis, the effects of economic, social and cultural aspects of participatory planning on citizens' willingness to quantitatively and qualitatively develop private green spaces were examined. It can be said that among the dimensions of participatory planning, only the economic dimension is effective and the cultural and social dimensions are not effective on the neighborhood residents' desire to develop private green spaces. In the second analysis, stepwise regression was used. In this analysis, the desire for quantitative and qualitative development of private green space was considered as an independent variable, and each of the dimensions of the effects of private green space development were considered as a dependent variable. From the second analysis, it can be concluded that the quantitative and qualitative development of private green space has an impact on the physical, cultural and environmental dimensions of the residents of the neighborhood and does not affect the social and economic dimensions.

The analysis of the obtained information shows that among the social, economic and cultural dimensions of participatory planning, residents have a social and cultural desire to develop private green spaces. Among these dimensions, the problem of the residents is in the economic dimension and lack of land and cost for green space. Also, the development of private green space does not have a favorable effect on the physical, environmental and cultural dimensions of the residents of the neighborhood, and does not have a favorable effect on the social and economic dimensions.

Nowadays, informal settlement phenomenon is in the top of the list of urban management issues in majority of big and medium sized cities of Iran. Despite of various interventions in recent decades, significant change cannot be seen. One of the most important reasons of this situation is the theoretical passivity alongside with obsolescence of informal settlements' literature in Iran, since localization of Enabling Paradigm. The main goal of the present research is to select a new pattern for betterment of informal settlements through scrutinizing new approaches toward betterment of informal settlements. Exploring different References, 42 approaches has been identified. Through Grounded Theory and applying open coding, axial coding, and central coding processes, 5 different classifications have been recognized, consisting of coverage-based, authenticity-based, dependence-based, extent-based, and nature-based classifications. the Nature-based classification which is the synonym for conceptual hierarchy, consisting of paradigm, theory, approach, strategy, pattern, and, plan, has been chosen as the main classification.  According to research priorities which are Comprehensiveness, applicability, and repeatability, among 6 classes, pattern class has been chosen. Based on the coverage-based classification, among 15 identified patterns, 7 of them are comprehensive and subsequently opt to identify. Precisely applying the Delphi-AHP technique, based on the opinions of 24 specialists and 7 criteria, in situ upgrading has been selected as the best pattern. Also, collaborative housing as the second pattern and city Development as the suitable pattern in equiponderant condition, are worth mentioning patterns for the betterment of informal settlements in Iran.

Strategic planning, a critique of comprehensive planning, was introduced into urban planning literature. It brought in elements like cyclicity, feedback, flexibility, partnership, and context sensitivity. However, the comprehensive planning model, which still dominates the strategic approach in Iran, was not significantly challenged. Institutional challenges are identified as a key factor hindering the implementation of strategic planning. This study, focusing on the strategic plan of Isfahan 1405, aims to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework to address the requirements and challenges within the management structure of Isfahan municipality. A qualitative analysis of the Isfahan 1405 strategic plan text was conducted based on the derived criteria from the framework. The findings reveal significant issues such as consideration of temporal and cultural contexts, as well as the lack of institutionalization of strategic plans in official documents, laws, and organizational bodies within the 1405 plan. vis-a-vis, the plan fails to address important structural aspects, such as the involvement of non-governmental organizations and the establishment of lateral and hierarchical networks.

The identity crisis is evident as one of the consequences of the phenomenon of globalization, especially in new cities, and is one of the obstacles to attracting the population of these soulless cities. These cities are at best dormitories that do not create a sense of belonging and identity in the inhabitants. This can be seen in the basic principles of design of these cities, which include the formation of separate maps and taking into account the historical and climatic characteristics of the environment and the economic, social and cultural conditions of the people who are to live in it. By creating spatial and identity features, one can create and strengthen the sense of belonging to a place or city. Accordingly, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the dimensions of urban identity and their effect on the sense of belonging of the citizens of Sepahanshahr and seeks to answer the question of what indicators are effective on the identification of new settlements? And to what extent do these indicators increase the sense of belonging of citizens? The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data obtained from the distribution of the questionnaire among 150 residents of Sepahanshahr has been analyzed by structural equation modeling in amosographic software. The results show that social and functional indices with a regression weight of 0.683 and 0.430, respectively, directly affect the sense of belonging of Sepahanshahr residents and natural-environmental index with a regression weight of 0.386 on a functional index and physical-spatial and historical-cultural indices with a regression weight, 0.256 and 0.232, respectively affect the social variable and through it the citizens' sense of belonging.

The weakening nature of the place is one of the most important challenges facing contemporary cities. The contemporary citizen faces spaces without meaning and identity that have not yet turned into places. This is more important in new urban settlements, due to the lack of historical, identity, and existence backgrounds. The subject of this case study, the Qods district, located in the city of Qom, Iran, which suffers from disturbances in various aspects, is an example of new urban developments that require attention. The purpose of this research is to measure and analyze the importance of the components of the sense of place in the Qods district, to answer the following questions: What are the indicators of achieving a sense of place in the Qods district as a new urban development? How can one evaluate the effects of each component of the sense of place on the Qods settlement residents?

Theoretical Framework:

The term sense of place denotes people’s attachment and relation to the place, or the structure of feeling, as some have put it (Agnew, 1987, cited in Arefi, 1999: 180). Experts have held relatively similar viewpoints regarding the components of the sense of place and its indicators. In large part, most of these opinions have confirmed the physical environment, activity, and perception as the three main components. According to Shamai (1991), the sense of place consists of three phases. The first phase concerns belonging to a place, the middle phase is attachment to a place, and the final phase is commitment to a place (Shamai, 1991: 349). Hummon (1992) describes five levels of the sense of place, or place attachment, as follows: uncommitted placelessness, relativity, place alienation, divided rootedness, and cohesive rootedness (Cross, 2001: 10). As a result of the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of sense of place, numerous experts and schools of thought have offered various perspectives that can be said to have a lot of similarities and few differences. Different experts such as sociologists, geographers, environmental psychologists, anthropologists, architects, and urban planners have addressed the concept of sense of place in different ways in their studies. Among the numerous kinds of research conducted in different countries in the past half-century, most of the academic studies have been focused on conceptual analysis and formulation of theoretical models on the one hand and on evaluation of this category in different scales on the other.

This research was conducted through a mixed paradigm and a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection tools were library-documentary studies, and the population included 245 residents of the Qods district. The data analysis tools involved two descriptive and inferential analyzes using the statistical methods of Structural Equation Modeling and Pearson correlation test, implemented in the SPSS 23 and Amos Graphics 26 software. The conceptual model of this research consisted of 3 main components, i.e. form, activity, and perception, 12 indicators, and 45 sub-indices.

The results obtained from the second-order factor analysis model in this research indicate which of the components affecting the sense of place in the residents of the Qods district has a greater weight and effect in the induction of this concept to the residents. Based on the research findings, among the 3 identified components, 12 indicators, and 45 relevant sub-indicators, the functional-activity, perceptual-semantic, and physical-visual components, in that order, exhibit greater weights in the evaluation of the sense of place from the perspective of the Qods district inhabitants. Among the variables observed in the assumed model of this research, the factors of invitation, social participation, motivation, land use, and activity have greater weights in the specification of the residents’ sense of place. Moreover, the correlation between the conceptual components of the research indicates that there is a significant relationship between the three components of the sense of place in the residents of the Qods district. Furthermore, the measurement of the fitness of the conceptual model of the research, according to the indicators of structural equations, demonstrates that the model is desirable.

The following can be stated in response to the first research question as the indicators of achieving a sense of place in the Qods district as a new urban development: indicators of identity and authenticity, motivation, and mental image (in the perceptual-semantic component), indicators of land use and activity, accessibility, urban furniture, invitation, social participation, and safety-security (in the functional-activity component), and indicators of visual coherence, construction form, and visual richness (in the physical-visual component). In response to the second research question, the greater importance and weight of the functional-activity component than the perceptual and visual components indicates that if urban management pays more attention to the residents’ functional and social needs, the indicators of this component, as the most important factor in the induction of a sense of place, will have a greater impact. Moreover, the inferential analysis of the structural equation modeling in the evaluation of the indicators confirms that many indicators have received less attention in the Qods district, while these indicators can be effective on the residents’ continuity and satisfaction, their sense of attachment to the place of residence, and fulfillment of their mental expectations.

Today, strategic spatial planning is considered worldwide as a way to shape urban growth in response to the inefficiency of traditional planning methods. In Iran, with the preparation of strategic structural plans in the 70s and strategic urban development plans in the 80s, an attempt was made to change the attitude from comprehensive-traditional planning to strategic planning. These plans, however, were theoretically based on strategic spatial planning. But for several reasons including; Lack of knowledge of the factors affecting the application of strategic spatial planning and the lack of an appropriate theoretical model can not be sustainable and effective in the urban planning system of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the application of strategic spatial planning and to create a suitable theoretical model for the application of this type of planning. In the present study, according to the quiddity of the main research question (How is the appropriate theoretical model for the implementation of strategic space planning in Isfahan?) and its philosophical orientation, Qualitative research methods have been used and among them, the Grounded theory method with respect to abstract thinking and theorizing capabilities is selected. Data were collected through review of theoretical literature, research results on the failure of previous experimental efforts in the country and interviews with 7 urban planning experts in Isfahan and analyzed using the comparison method in three stages (open, axial and selective coding) and was analyzed. Data analysis showed that the implementation of the proposed theory of strategic spatial planning has 21 main categories in the form of 6 main categories including: 1. open access order, 2. outputs, 3. strategic spatial planning methods, 4. content and Background, 5. Institutional capacity and participation. Accordingly, the fulfilment of strategic spatial planning depends on institutional capacity building to create open access conditions by determining strategies and paying attention to the institutional context and environment of planning. Consequences of using spatial strategic planning in the form of five main categories including: social programs, documents, programs, urban management. . To be. Acceptance and reduction of transaction costs occur. The results of the research show; Legal structures, institutional capacity building and institutional arrangements, especially open access orders, have a decisive effect on the implementation of strategic spatial planning in the city of Isfahan.

Following industrialization in developing countries such as Iran, increasing urban population and lack of proper planning for the establishment of this population and most importantly, the use of zoning policies, several problems arose in the structure of cities, including the loss of diversity. Following these developments, neighborhoods lost their main function in the new cities and has become a dormitory for residents, which is a major problem in cities. Shahin-Shahr, as one of the new cities is no exception. In this city, the lack of diversity in physical activity structure of the neighborhoods has caused some neighborhoods to become dormitories for residents and some neighborhoods with high density of daily activities to attract a large population. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify the factors that increase diversity in cities. For this reason, the present study aims to analyze the factors affecting physical-functional diversity in Shahin Shahr neighborhoods using a descriptive-analytical method. To achieve this goal, diversity indices were first extracted and 377 questionnaires were distributed among residents of Shahin Shahr and the results were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Amos Graphic Software. The results show that the factors of access to land-uses, housing diversity, security and physical communication have a high correlation with regression weights of 0.926, 0.852, 0.783 and physical relationship with a regression weight of 0.435 has a moderate correlation with diversity.

Urban vitality is a new term in the specialized literature of urban planning. Despite numerous definitions of vitality by experts, These definitions are defined according to different aspects of vitality, equivalent to the socio-cultural characteristics of other countries. But vitality existed in cities before it became known in the urban literature and had different definitions in each culture. If the world literature of vitality is studied without knowing its historical background in Iran, There is a danger that in order to create urban vitality, some indigenous and historical values ​​of Iranian vitality will be forgotten. In addition, the historical contexts that are an integral part of the city and have limited intervention, In order to create urban vitality, these zones will  be separated from the integrity of the city and The further decline of vitality leads to its further abandonment and stagnation. This study defines the indigenous criteria for creating urban vitality. Therefore, by choosing the city of Isfahan as one of the most historic cities in Iran, vitality in its historical past is explored. Then this question is answered what was the definition of the term of urban vitality in the historical past of Isfahan? What are the definitions of indigenous and non-specialist people of this term? And Which places in Isfahan do they think are lively? In this regard, two methods of analytical-historical research and survey research have been used. The results show that there was vitality in the historical past of Isfahan and All the criteria of world vitality in the historical past of Isfahan have had indigenous examples. The definition of vitality of the native people of Isfahan is in accordance with its world literature, But its shape and weight are different, In such a way that some criteria of vitality in Isfahan are emphasized more than others And global criteria in this city are not valued equally. Naghsh Jahan Square was recognized as the most lively urban space both in the historical past of Isfahan and now from the point of view of the native people of this city.

The crisis of urban road safety is one of the major development challenges of countries. Of road users, pedestrians are known as one of the most vulnerable groups. Uncontrolled intersections are places with high pedestrian accident rates. Tehranpars intersection is one of the most important intersections in the east of Tehran, where a significant number of pedestrian injuries occur. The increasing trend of the number of accidents in the intersection area since 2014 shows the need to pay attention to this issue. In this article, while examining the existing condition, the most important indicators in the safety of individuals are determined. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and it is practical research. The research data were collected in the framework of library studies, field observations, and a questionnaire design (statistical population including residents and space users with a sample size of 333 people). The mean and standard deviation of the statistical population response to the questionnaire variables are compared with the ideal situation. The structural equation model is also used to measure the relationship between factors affecting the safety of individuals. Law enforcement (3.4) had the highest average from the point of view of individuals. The investigation of the factor loads of the model on human dimensions (0.97), physical (0.96) management (0.95), and path equipment (0.908) showed the significance of these relationships and the prominent role of human standard indicators. The relationships between external and internal variables, physical criteria and land use variable (factor load = 0.71) showed the highest correlation, which is expected to be the basis for planning in this intersection in the proposed measures.

One of the major problems in cities is urban sprawl that is result of inattention to development of inner city’s spaces. For this reason, approaches such as infill development with the aim of redeveloping the inefficient city central texture have become increasingly crucial. On the other hand, the passing of time shows us the inefficiency of traditional planning methods in achieving this kind of development. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is identifying the key variables affecting on infill development in inefficient areas with emphasis on Shahshahan neighborhood of Isfahan by using futures study approach as one of the new planning approaches in solving unpredictable problems and uncertainties. The type of research based on purpose is practical and based on the nature and method is according to futures study’s methods, is analytical and exploratory which in two stages of identifying the primary variables and determining the key variables used Delphi and Structural Analysis method by MIC MAC software respectively. The research findings showed that out of 40 variables studied, five have the most impact on the system and can be introduced as key variables affecting the future status of infill development in Shahshahan neighborhood including: Adjusting the trans locality of function of Shahshahan neighborhood, Coordinating the renovation-rehabilitation incentives with resident’s financial abilities, Increasing resident’s participation, Resolving the problems with land and housing ownership, and Improving the communication and access systems. These variables play the most important role in the future status of infill development and considered as a basis for scenarios in in Shahshahan neighborhood future development.

 This study aimed to investigate the level of citizen participation in solid waste recycling in the Isfahan metropolis. 

 To assess the proportionate rate of citizen participation in 15 districts of the city, 400 questionnaires were filled out by participants through stratified random sampling method. The statistical analysis (Correlation and regression analysis) of the data was performed using the SPSS software. 

 The results showed that despite popular belief, the situation of solid waste recycling in Isfahan is unfavorable. Moreover, the highest level of citizen participation is related to district 10 (29.91%) and the lowest amount is associated with district 5 (12.22%). Applying strategies tailored to the social, economical, and cultural characteristics of each district and based on the current level of participation of citizens in each district can improve the current status. 

 The results showed that the citizens need more education to increase their participation in Comprehensive Waste management. However, the provision of educational programs through mass media along with municipality co-operation leads to elevate the people awareness.

Paths are the most important urban spaces and account for the city and its historic district’s main structure. In the past, the geometry of historic cities revolved around old bazar rows and passages. However, with the advent of motorized vehicles and subsequent chess roads in historical texture, organic geometry and hierarchy of paths net, integrity and structure of historic district were disrupted. The main aim of this study is to provide optimal access while preserving the values ​​of historical texture and this can be achieved through the establishment of a conservation framework for the organization of historic paths. This framework must cope with the conservation of historical identity, maintenance of human morale, dealing with social issues and at the same time providing access for motorists. The experience gained from reforming Iran’s historical paths shows that the main concern has been the provision of access for motorists. The inefficiency of past organizations, despite their enormous cost, necessitates benchmarking on global expriences to specify the principles of conservation-based organization of historical paths and to determine the similarities and differences between the reformation of Iran and the world. Without such a study, the vain cycle of organizing historic paths inefficiently could be repeated over and over again. In effect, studies reveal that one of the most important causes of stagnation and abandonment of the historical district is the inefficiency of its paths. To this date, no comprehensive conservation-based studies on the organization of the paths in Iran’s historical district have been carried out and the shortage of the research literature in this field is evident. This study compares, for the first time, the organization of the Iranian historic paths with that of other countries through benchmarking method. The purpose of the present study is to achieve the principles of conservation-based organization of the paths in historical textures. The method of data collection is library and empirical and this is a cross-sectional field study. The results showed that the organization of the Iranian paths is sketchy since it lacks planning and positive attitude towards conservation. In case study, the organization of pathway and roadway was also incomplete and of poor quality grade. In the end, the principles of conservation-based organization of the paths in historical texture and the essence of historical passages are presented as the framework for likely future organization project.

Return migration acts as a driving force of development and a key incentive of prosperity in rural areas by fulfilling their potentials. Rapid population displacement in developing countries including Iran, reveals the necessity of return migration planning. Semirom is a county in Isfahan province with the highest rate of emigration based on the 2011 Census enjoying sufficient potentials to change this trend. The overall purpose of this study is to analyze the ecosystem capacity of Semirom in order to develop a return migration planning.

The research method is descriptive-analytical. As such, this study can be categorized as an applied research. The environmental, social, economic, and managerial aspects are hereby considered. The questionnaire of Semirom situation assessment was analyzed using inferential statistics (t-test) by SPSS. Content analysis was conducted by interviewing officials using Atlas.ti software. Internal and external factors evaluation matrix and SOAR model were used to offer strategies. In the end, adaptive strategic alternatives are prioritized using the QSPM planning approach and policies for the realization of the return migration. Statistical population consists of the residents and authorities of Semirom county.

The findings indicate that the most important factors affecting return migration are reinforcement of gardening, related industries and tourism attractions, improving the quality of welfare services, fostering the sense of belonging, and the availability of fertile soil and sufficient irrigation water. Accordingly, the strategy of "appropriate management of tourism and environmental spaces for proper utilization of natural resources" should be given priority. It is also suggested that proper utilization of natural resources and tourism along with the potential of eco-tourism can offer a great opportunity for sustainable employment. This requires efficient management of new approaches and providing a secure environment for investment and entrepreneurship. In other words, considering the potentials of tourism will improve the quality of amenities, infrastructure services and employment, which in turn can boost their quality of local life, and their willingness to stay permanently in their rural residence, which ultimately encourages immigrants to return to their homeland.

By the increasing urban population, the readiness of urban management in dealing with natural disasters and increasing resilience in the housing as one of the most important areas of resilience in the future is very important. This research seeks to identify the most influential indicators and the most likely scenarios in the area of housing resilience in the future of cities. The research method is a descriptive-analytical purpose, and a method for collecting information, reviewing library documents and reviewing the texts. In this way, effective indicators have been identified in the field of housing resonance forecasting. In the first step, the MicMac software has been analyzed using the Delphi technique (completing questionnaire by 40 experts in the field of resilience and perspectives). The results indicate that the indexes of "price of land", "ownership", "height" and "spectrum prices" will have the greatest impact in the future of housing resilience in the 8th district of Isfahan. These factors have been introduced into the scenario as the main factors in the ScenarioWizard software and the changes in each of these four effective indicators in the field of housing on each other have been evaluated. Using the Cross Impact Analysis matrix, seven possible scenarios in this area has been identified. Thus, in the most probable scenario for the future, the index of "prices" and "private ownership" as well as the "height of buildings" will increase and the "squares" will remain unchanged, which, apart from the "building height", has a relative utility in increasing resilience.

If we assume the city as a living organism, it needs vitality to survive. Today, the provision of urban vitality is one of the main concerns of urban management, especially in the developed countries. Urban space is an important factor to promote vitality in cities, but the role of urban space in our country is declining day by day. One of the urban spaces is hangout. Urban hangouts are spaces for social interaction, usage of urban landscape, resuscitation collective memories and creating a sense of attachment to urban space by citizens. In this study, it was tried to investigate the effectiveness of urban hangouts as behavioral camp to promote urban public spaces vitality. The case study was Niasarm in Isfahan which is introduced as an urban hangout. The method of research was descriptive-analytical. The independent variable was urban hangout and the dependent variable was vitality. The hypothesis of the research was examined using the P.O.E method.

Since housing has the highest weight in the basket of fees in Iranian urban households,some people have turned to informal market because of financial inability to buy a house.Housing policies can act as an effective means to reduced informal housing and to improve life quality of settlements.The main question of this study is that to what extent previous housing policies have reduced informal housing and what factors can increase the efficiency of these policies.This study is based on descriptive–analytical methods.At first, with reviewing the studies done on this issue and perusing five-year socio-economic development plans of Islamic Republic of Iran, policies related to informal housing were extracted.Secondly,the variables related to each policy were determined.Then,by distributing questionnaires among 100 experts in the field of housing, required data were collected.To analyze the data,Structural modeling method and confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS GRAPHIC software were used and using the level of factor load and regression Weight,the main consequences of each policy and its effective variables were extracted.The results showed that although the main policies in informal housing issue have a lot of Strengths such as reducing the costs of housing construction,reducing the use of land because of construction of apartments, increasing the life quality of settlements these policies have weaknesses including generality of plans and not considering people’s participation.

The most important consequences of climate change are the occurrence of drought in different parts of the world (especially Iran), which has encountered urban and rural settlements with various crises. One of the ways to deal with this phenomenon is to plan a Disaster (Drought) Risk Reduction plan that is part of a crisis-specific agenda for urban planning and management. The purpose of this study is to identify, measure, and prioritize the effects of drought on habitation in Isfahan; and present strategic planning agendas resulting from compatible and prioritized scenarios derived from the Analysis of Interconnected Decision Area related to reducing the risk of drought crisis.

In this descriptive-analytical research, at first, by using delphi technique, the effective factors on habitation activity were identified, and in the next step, these impacts were assessed through social scrolling using a residents’ questionnaire in Isfahan with 384 samples by non-random quota sampling. Twenty impact which have higher mean score, extracted and then by entering into the process of the problematic strategic spatial planning process and applying the Analysis of Interconnected Decision Area techniques, compatible and prioritized scenarios of the program are designed. It should be noted that during the above-mentioned step, the scenarios are prioritized based on the results of semi-quantitative risk assessment.

The results indicate that the impacts of “river drying and madies”, “the dissatisfaction and distrust between civil society and decision makers”, “life expectancy transformation”, “air quality change” and “increased physical health vulnerability” are highest risk of habitation in Isfahan.

The top scenario among the nine areas of decision-making areas consists of eight areas including “urban design”, “vitality”, “public participation”, “urban management”, “modern technologies”, “physical health” and “lifestyle”.

Human as a social creature has a right to participate in society and communicate with surrounding environment and community. Making special and physical contexts and what is required to access these contexts desirable and accessible for everyone is counted as a fundamental necessity for the development of each society. Handicapped, physical and mental disabled and veterans that have formed part of each society, have a right to use public spaces and community services and facilities. Despite of their potential and abilities, these people encounter with lack of accessibility to the urban space. Urban transport in its public form should meet the needs of different groups. Therefore, it is necessary to make public transportation modes prepare in order to ease conditions for their presence. Providing the possibility of being present in society for mentioned people has a huge influence on their mental health. On the other hand, by utilizing their potential, it will contribute to the whole society advancement. In addition, every human being will encounter with a disability during a period of life like as elderly, childhood and pregnancy. This fact that all of us may experience disability during our life makes it issue that is more significant.  This study aimed to assess the role of public transport system in Isfahan city to meet the physical needs of disabled persons and their social involvement in the community. In this research, was attempted to evaluate the efficiency of public transport network of Isfahan city, in behavioral, economical, accessibility, safety, security, convenience, and comfort dimensions, on the quality of disabled persons’ social life.

The research method, was practical and descriptive-analytic. Disabled people of Isfahan city (Isfahan province Center of Iran) were the study statistical society, 100 of them that were present in buses and bus stations chose as statistical sample. In order to data analysis, the factor analysis method was used in Amos Graphic software and role of measurable variables and main factors influenced in satisfaction of urban public transport has been determined. The acceptable meaningful level of factor loads (p<0.05) and the confidence interval was 95%. 

Standardized regression scale indicated that there was a meaningful relationship between independent variables (behavior, expenditure, accessibility, safety and security and comfort) and dependent one of disabled presence in urban spaces. Independent elements and dependent justified 48.25% and 38.73% respectively. According to the study consequences, the factor of accessibility with regression scale of 0.77 was a priority in order to satisfy disabled persons from urban transport. Then the factor of safety and security with regression scale of 0.61 was in the second level and the factor of people behavior with regression scale of 0.47 gathered the third level. Finally, the last rank belonged to the factor of comfort and convenience with regression scale of 0.43. Furthermore, around 96% of dependent variation was related to the quality of public transport system.

The results show that taking necessary measures to accommodate Isfahan public transport plays an effective role in the social presence of people with disabilities in the city.