ali jamshidi

Sustainable economic growth is a key national priority, with bank loans serving as a critical driver by financing production units. However, rising Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) jeopardize economic stability, potentially triggering recessions. This study proposes an optimized loan allocation model for private banks, aiming to minimize NPLs while enhancing resource efficiency.

Using statistical techniques, including stepwise multiple regression, panel data analysis, and logistic regression, the study examines loan disbursement data, NPL ratios, and their determinants across three dimensions: bank-specific, firm-level, and macroeconomic factors.

The capital surplus-to-assets ratio, capital adequacy, financial soundness, and equity ratios significantly reduce NPLs and enhance allocation efficiency. At the firm level, industry sector, credit history, loan purpose, and banking relationship history all directly shape default risk, with industry type and credit history being the most critical factors in determining credit risk. Macroeconomic variables— including government debt, unemployment, economic growth, and the share of loans in investments—also systematically influence NPL trends and banks' resource allocation capacity.

Originality/Value: 

This research presents a comprehensive and actionable model for Iran's private banks, integrating multi-level indicators to optimize lending decisions and enhance credit risk management. The model equips bank managers with a strategic tool to improve operational efficiency and support economic stability.

The Coronaviridae family is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has become a global health threat. In Iran, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Qom on February 19, 2020. The rapid spread of the virus led to a significant number of fatalities, highlighting the need for a detailed analysis of demographic, epidemiological, and clinical factors to enhance public health measures. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, and demographic features of COVID-19 deaths in Behbahan County, southwestern Iran, in 2020-2022.

In the present cross-sectional study, patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who died from the infection in all hospitals of Behbahan were analyzed. We used a questionnaire including data about the demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical of each patient. Finally, all the results were analyzed by SPSS v. 21.

We enrolled 437 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases from this period, of whom 61% were men. The highest mortality rate was among those aged 61 to 70 years (27%), and the lowest number was among children and adolescents below 20 years old. The results of the survey also showed that there were 3 main risk factors: diabetes (28%), cardiovascular diseases (25%), and high blood pressure (17%), which contributed to death in these groups. The highest mortality rate occurred in July 2021, followed by June 2020.

There was a significant correlation between the age of the patients, the history of at least 1 chronic disease, and the mortality rate in infected patients. For this reason, it is crucial to implement precautionary procedures to reduce the number of deaths among infected people. Thus, the results of the present study can depict a better picture of the patients' condition in Behbahan and provide insight into future approaches.

In this paper, we propose a novel and straightforward nonlinear programming approach for aggregating individual composite indicators (CIs) into a group-level composite indicator (e.g., an aggregate CI for a group of entities). Drawing on performance measurement literature, our model is designed to be both simple and computationally efficient, requiring no specialized solvers for implementation. The proposed approach addresses the growing need for robust and interpretable methods to synthesize multidimensional data, particularly in contexts where policymakers and researchers aim to compare and benchmark the performance of groups or regions. To demonstrate the practical application of our method, we compute an aggregate Human Development Index (HDI) for the European Union (EU) region using HDI sub-indicators from individual EU member states. This case study highlights the model’s ability to integrate diverse dimensions of human development—such as health, education, and standard of living—into a single, coherent metric. By doing so, we provide a tool for evaluating the collective progress of the EU region while preserving the unique contributions of each member state. Our approach offers several advantages: (1) it is computationally accessible, making it suitable for a wide range of applications; (2) it allows for flexibility in weighting and aggregation, accommodating diverse policy priorities; and (3) it provides a transparent framework for constructing group-level CIs, enhancing their utility for decision-making and public communication.

Linguistic variables (LVs) provide a reliable expression of cognitive information. By inheriting the advantages of LVs, we can express uncertain and incomplete cognitive information in multiple attribute decision-making (MADM), and they do so better than existing methods.  In the decision-making process, we can consider decision experts’ (DEs’) bounded rationality, such as cognition toward loss caused by the DEs’ cognitive limitations during the decision process. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a novel cognitive decision approach to handle MADM problems in which the cognitive information is expressed by LVs. In this paper, we employ LVs to represent uncertain and hesitant cognitive information. Then, we propose a mathematical programming approach to solve the MADM problems where attributes or cognitive preferences are not independent.  Moreover, the validity and superiority of the presented approach are verified by dealing with a practical problem.

Nowadays, the provision of electronic services under the titles of business and electronic government has become very widespread and unavoidable. Smart cards are one of the most used tools in the process of providing electronic services. Regarding the expansion of the use of smart cards, the category of security and security vulnerability of this tool is equally important. In this research, our goal is to identify the most important vulnerabilities of this type of cards and extract solutions to reduce these vulnerabilities. For this purpose, while examining the types of smart card technologies, architecture, standards, as well as case studies in the field of threats and attacks applied to cards in the country and the world, a list of solutions to deal with these threats was extracted and then using the opinion of experts and implementation Friedman's test, solutions extracted, refined and in the form of four dimensions of software, hardware, operating system and standards, a framework for dealing with these vulnerabilities is presented, which can be considered as passive defense measures in this field. to be The results of this research have resulted in a set of 61 solutions in four areas of hardware, software, operating system and standards of smart cards, which can be noticed by developers and those in charge of smart cards at the national level.

Predicting the role of early maladaptive schemas in students' social anxiety helps to identify students at risk, the possibility of early interventions to prevent the development and exacerbation of social anxiety, and improve the quality of life, mental health, and academic and social performance of students. Therefore, the research was conducted to predict social anxiety based on early maladaptive schemas in university students.

Methods :

This was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all students at the Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, during the first semester of the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 200 students was selected for the study using a convenience sampling method based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic profile form, the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (Connor et al., 2000), and the Young Schema Questionnaire (Young et al., 2006). The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 23 software, linear regression tests, and Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significance level of P < 0.5.

The results indicated that early maladaptive schemas explained 25% of the variance in social anxiety. Specifically, the domain of Disconnection and Rejection had a standardized regression coefficient of 0.29, and the domain of Impaired Autonomy had a standardized regression coefficient of 0.22, both contributing significantly to the explanation of the variance in social anxiety.

The findings showed that social anxiety can be predicted based on early maladaptive schemas. Therefore, it is suggested to develop educational programs and workshops in student counseling centers to identify and adjust maladaptive schemas, as well as to teach effective coping skills against students' social anxiety.

Tribulus terrestris (TT) is rich in bioactive compounds, such as saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which have been researched for their therapeutic properties. Its diuretic effects can help with hypertension and edema, its aphrodisiac properties can aid sexual function, and its antilithic properties can prevent kidney stone formation. This research aimed to study the physicochemical and pharmacological characteristics of TT.

The PubChem database was used to collect data on the studied compounds, including their formulas and structures. Subsequently, SwissADME software was employed to assess the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of these compounds in TT.

Steroidal saponins and sterols exhibited varying solubility levels in physiological fluids due to their hydrophobic nature and glycosylation patterns. However, flavonoids demonstrated favorable solubility. Compounds, such as (25R)-Spirosta-3,5-dien, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol had low polarity, whereas Terrestrosin K, Terrestrosin F, Terrestroside B, Protodioscin, and Kaempferol-3-Orutinoside could form more hydrogen bonds. Steroidal saponins were more readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and could penetrate the BBB.

Kaempferol, chrysin, and quercetin showed inhibitory effects on specific cytochrome P450 enzymes. β-sitosterol and stigmasterol had high rates of skin absorption. The bioavailability score ranged from 0.11 to 0.55, and synthetic accessibility scores were generally high.

The steroidal saponins and flavonoids found in TT showed therapeutic potential for conditions, such as hypertension, edema, and sexual dysfunction. Many of them possess favorable pharmaceutical properties for clinical use.

This research aims to identify and introduce the dimensions, components and indicators of the concept of disfavor in the organization, its antecedents and consequences. It aims at designing a model for them. The research is fundamental in terms of its purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, and qualitative based on the nature of the data. In order to achieve the mentioned goals, Delphi method was used. To collect the data, researcher-made questionnaires (including 5-choice answers on the Likert scale and an open question for suggestions) were designed. 15 university professors and expert executives were chosen, who were also selected using a targeted non-probability sampling method. The consensus results of the Delphi experts, after four rounds of questionnaires and receiving corrective comments, which finally led to the appropriateness of the model and the combination of its factors, are as follows: the concepts of disfavor has two dimension of psychological-social (with 11 indicators), and physiological-economic (with 8 indicators). The antecedents of a person's disfavor in the organization have three dimensions: individual, group, and organizational factors, which individual factors have five components: “low ability, unbalanced personality, wrong perception and decision, unfavorable values and attitudes, low motivation (a total of 32 indicators)”; group factors includes five components of “wrong team participation, unprincipled communication, inconsistency with the leader, unpleasant political behavior, conflict and deceitful negotiations (a total of 31 indicators); and organizational factors with three components of “inflexible structure, unfair and inflexible organizational culture, inconsistency with change and developments (a total of 11 indicators) reached the consensus of the experts. The consequences of the individual's disfavor in the organization reached the consensus of the experts with the two dimensions of individual consequences (with 7 indicators), and organizational consequences (with 9 indicators). At the end, the model of individual's disfavor in the organization is presented.

As a key and influential organizational issue to utilize the employees’ intellectual power and thoughts, their participation has become a competitive advantage. Given the considerable achievements of the positivism perspective, such as positive organizational behavior in the organization, the present research was aimed at designing the model of attracting employees’ participation in the organization with an emphasis on positive organizational behavior. The data was collected in the first stage through interviews with18 of experts and scholars in the management field (academic) were chosen by a purposive sampling method and with using Delphi method and in the second stage through a questionnaire.the statistical population of this research included 305 employees working for the Vice-Chancellor for Resource Management and Development of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and the statistical sample was calculated equal to 170 individuals through using Cochran’s formula. The fitting of the research model was done using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations and using SmartPLS3 software. The results revealed a significant relationship between structural factors, behavioral factors, positive organizational behavior factors, environmental factors, and attracting employees’ participation. Furthermore, employees’ participation affects their job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and empowerment. According to the results of this research is suggested shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences can do things such as creating a suggestion system, reducing centralism in the organization, adjusting the formality of the organization, sharing information, creating motivation in employees, creating a supportive organizational atmosphere, strengthening the positive attitude of managers towards participation, developing employees' self-efficacy, increasing hope and development Optimistic style in the work environment should be used to attract the employees’ participation

The aim of this study is to validate the model of Individual disfavor in organization in Payame Noor university of west Azerbaijan province. According to the purpose, the current research is an applied one, in terms of the method of data collection it is a descriptivesurvey research and based on the nature of the data it is a quantitative research. For data collection, researcher-made questionnaires were provided to 210 university employees that were selected as a sample from the statistical population of 465 people by using the probability method and stratified sampling according to the volume. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling and AMOS software. After checking the face and content validity, the construct validity of the questionnaires was validated through confirmatory factor analysis. Then, the proposed conceptual model was examined through path analysis using the maximum probability method, and then the fit of the experimental data was tested with the default model. The results showed that the factor loadings of most of the questions were acceptable and individual factors with a coefficient of 0.41, group factors with a coefficient of 0.30, and organizational factors with a coefficient of 0.38 had a significant effect on the individual disfavor in organization and the effect of the individual disfavor in organization was also significant on the individual consequences with a coefficient of 0.52 and on the organizational consequences with a coefficient of 0.27. Goodness of fit indexes was generally acceptable and the presented model was valid.

The purpose of this research is to design a succession management model in the (NISOC). This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it is a mixed type. In the qualitative part, by conducting theoretical studies, including reading books, theses, domestic and foreign articles, and databases, succession management approaches were identified from a conceptual perspective, and then 25 experts were asked to answer the questions in order to collect the required information. Sampling was done in the qualitative part by the targeted method and in the quantitative part by the random sampling method, and 341 people were selected from the official employees of the (NISOC). The method of determining the validity of the questionnaire is form and content. Based on the findings of the research, two individual and organizational dimensions with 10 components were identified for the concept of succession management.

In the present research, the possibility of designing and manufacturing a gear mechanism including a unilobe elliptical gear and a spur gear was investigated. The innovation of this mechanism is the engagement of a circular gear with a non-circular gear and the creation of a continuous movement in one of the two shafts on which the gears are placed. First, the geometry of both gears was assessed and the two-dimensional cross-sectional model of the gears was drawn by Gearotic motion software. Then, 3D models of the gears were produced and assembled, followed by a scrutinization of the engagement of the gears, the proper design of teeth shapes, and the driven shaft movement. The wire electrical discharge machining was employed to manufacture the gears from the Al 7075. Next, the surface roughness of the gear teeth was measured and their engagement checked. The results revealed that the designed mechanism provides cyclic movement in the driven shaft of the spur gear during engagement with the elliptical gear. Moreover, the smooth and proper movement of the gears shows that the use of the software and the correct selection of the input parameters did not cause any errors in the manufacturing process.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) is an acid phosphatase metalloprotein enzyme expressed in osteoclasts and is related to bone resorption. The molecular mechanisms involved in the different behavior of odontogenic keratocysts have not yet been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare TRAP expression in odontogenic keratocysts, radicular cysts, and dentigerous cysts.In this cross-sectional study, we selected 60 samples, including 20 cases of each one of the odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), radicular cysts (RC) and dentigerous cysts (DC). The samples were stained with TRAP monoclonal antibodies using immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed using the Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In this study, TRAP expression was observed in the lining epithelium of 50% of OKC cases and 5% of RC cases, while it was negative in the lining epithelium of DC. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Moreover, the TRAP staining intensity in the lining epithelium had a significant difference between the groups (P<0.001). TRAP expression in the connective tissue of OKC, RC, and DC was positive in 35%, 30%, and 20% of the cases, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.788). Also, staining intensity of TRAP-positive cells in the connective tissue of the lesions was not significant (P=0.634).In this study, we found a higher expression of TRAP in the lining epithelium of OKC, which may be one of the reasons for the aggressive behavior of OKC compared to other cysts. This finding supports the classification of OKC as an odontogenic tumor.

This study aims to tackle the challenging facility location selection problem in Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) scenarios, explicitly focusing on type-1 fuzzy MCDM issues. The research introduces Interval Valued Fuzzy Numbers (IVFNs) to express ratings, addressing the difficulty in determining precise membership degrees for fuzzy sets.

The proposed IVF-COPRAS method, centered on uncertainty risk reduction, is employed to enhance decision-making reliability in IVF decision problems. This methodology is applied to a real-world case involving the selection of a location for municipal wet waste landfill pits in a major Iranian city. Comparative analyses with other methods are conducted to assess the proposed approach.

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the IVF-COPRAS method in addressing facility location selection problems within MCDM. By utilizing IVFNs, the method successfully manages uncertainty, leading to more reliable decisions. Application to a practical scenario highlights the method's efficacy, and the comparative analysis provides insights into its performance relative to other methods.

Originality/Value: 

This research contributes a novel approach with the IVF-COPRAS method for handling facility location selection challenges in MCDM. The reliance on IVFNs offers a unique perspective on uncertainty in decision-making, enhancing decision reliability. The real-world application emphasizes the method's practical significance, providing a valuable contribution to MCDM research and offering a methodological tool for similar decision-making problems across diverse domains.

Cancer is one of the main health challenges in numerous countries. It is the second leading cause of death globally and the third in Iran. In 2020, 19 million new cases and 10 million deaths from cancer were reported worldwide. This study aimed to investigate cancer mortality and morbidity rates in Behbahan City, southeast Khuzestan.

The required data for this descriptive study were collected from pathology, hospital, and death registry centers in Behbahan between 2014 and 2019. Necessary variables were gathered according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer standards, and tumor characteristics were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition. The data were analyzed in SPSS26 software using descriptive statistics, negative binomial regression, and rank-order clustering analysis.

A total of 1,676 patients were identified, 52.5% of whom were male. The most common cancers in men were skin, prostate, and lung, while they were breast, skin, and blood in women. The annual incidence rate was 130.0 per 100,000 people (134.2 in men and 126.2 in women). The mean incidence and mortality rates increased with age (P<0.001) and did not differ significantly between men and women (P>0.05). Moreover, 606 deaths due to cancer were reported, of which 60.7% were men, and 29.7% were under 60 years old.

Considering the upward trend of the elderly population and an increase in cancer incidence at older ages, cancer prevention interventions are necessary.

Summary Human resources are the most valuable resource of an organization that can shape the competitive advantage of today's organizations to cope with widespread environmental changes. Powerful human resources are the winners of today's organizations. The purpose of this research is to achieve and design a comprehensive human resource empowerment model with the help of knowledge management in the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs. In this study, the qualitative research method (Delphi) was used and the opinion of Islamic Republic of Iran Customs experts and academic experts in the fields of knowledge management and human resources empowerment were used. This method was performed in three rounds and two dimensions, ninety components and sixty-six indices were identified. Also, Delphi process was extracted after removing two-dimensional low-average components, nineteen components and forty-six indices for model design. After determining the weights of each of the components and indices, the highest ranked indices in each component were selected to design the final model and the final model was designed.

The purpose of this research is to design a model of talent management in the National Iranian South Oilfield Company. This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed type of research in terms of method. In the qualitative part, by conducting theoretical studies including the study of books, theses, articles, and databases, talent management approaches were identified, and then 25 experts were asked to answer the questions in order to collect the required information. Sampling was done in the qualitative part by the targeted method and in the quantitative part by the random sampling method, and 341 people were selected from the official employees. The method of determining the validity of the questionnaire is formal and content. Based on the findings, three dimensions of recruitment with six components, retention with three components and talent development with two components were identified for the concept of talent management.

The resistance economy of a powerful and impenetrable fortress against the unilateral sanctions of the domination systems can be a model of strategy and function for the Islamic countries of the region, which needs a dialogue with a strategic approach. Therefore, the main goal of this research is the strategic analysis of the discourse of resistance economy in the Islamic countries of the region. The current research is an applied research in terms of its purpose, and it is considered a survey-type descriptive research in terms of data collection method. The community of contributors includes the directors of the Presidential Strategic Review Center. A targeted method was used for sampling and theoretical saturation was achieved with 13 people. The tools of data collection were semi-structured expert interviews and SWOT questionnaire. To analyze the data in the qualitative section, qualitative content analysis method and MaxQDA software were used. In the quantitative part, SWOT analysis method and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) were used for strategic analysis. The findings of the research showed that the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors is in an aggressive position, and the appropriate strategy for the discourse of resistance economy in the countries of the region should be to use the maximum capabilities and internal points to exploit and optimally use the existing opportunities.

The need to be seen, affirmed, and recognized as successful human are emerging needs that have emerged as a result of material and technological advances in the modern age. Needs that, if left unmet, can lead to destructive anxiety. Contemporary philosopher Alain de Botton categorizes these anxieties as "dignity anxiety" and describes the causes and ways to deal with them. The idea put forward by Alain de Botton, was soon noticed by the authors, and numerous works in various artistic formats were created on this subject. Alireza Seif al-Dini's novel "Ketab-e Kham (Book of Bending)" is one of these works in which the author deals with the tumultuous life of a man who steps on his ideals in order to overcome the anxiety of dignity and to be recognized as a powerful husband and father. The present study, which has been written with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to analyze the regressive process of his life while describing the backgrounds of the mentioned anxiety in the main character of the story. The results show that factors such as the importance of well-being and material development, changing the criteria for valuing poverty and wealth and the effectiveness of the offspring, along with fear of looking weak by the spouse and fear of not fulfilling paternal duties properly, cause anxiety in the person. The anxiety that the mentioned character seeks a way out of by paying attention to philosophy, art, the religious doctrine of death and the bohemian lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting employees' sense of self-efficacy based on the precious book Nahj al-Balaghah. In this research, the qualitative method of thematic analysis was used, which includes the collection and analysis of qualitative data. The data source used in this research was the text of Nahj al-Balaghah, from which the relevant narrations were extracted. Then, by referring to the book Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah (Imam's Message), the extracted narrations were analyzed. In this research, messages were coded based on 16 sermons, 30 letters, and 30 sayings. These messages were then categorized into 56 concepts, 10 sub-themes, and 3 main themes. Finally, the most important factors affecting employees' sense of self-efficacy were classified as three main categories, including individual factors (self-knowledge and self-awareness, trust in God, rationalism and pragmatism, strategic thinking, moderation in work, perseverance, and patience), managerial factors (service-providing leadership and justice-oriented leadership), and social factors (learning from the experiences of others and supporting colleagues).

Improving the decision-making and performance of the country's government organizations requires the necessary mechanisms to benefit from previous experiences, which is known as organizational memory. This study is an applied-developmental research that was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the model of organizational memory in government organizations of the country. In the qualitative part, the underlying factors and their relationship patterns were identified using the grounded theory method. For this purpose, an interview was conducted with 18 managers of the country's macro-policy and program organization with the purposeful sampling method. After designing the research paradigm, partial least squares method was used to validate the model. In this section, a questionnaire tool was used to collect data, and the views of 93 managers and related experts were used with the stratified sampling method. The results of this research showed that the central category of organizational memory consists of four cognitive, descriptive, procedural and behavioral memory factors. Knowledge management provides the background and conditions, and things like the upstream documents of the system play an intervening role. Organizational learning, continuous improvement and existing facilities play a causal role. Finally, the results have shown that organizational memory, if accompanied by the adoption of necessary strategies at the individual and organizational level, can provide the conditions for improving job and organizational performance and ultimately increasing client satisfaction and organizational productivity.

Summary Human resources are the most valuable resources of an organization that collect and store in their minds as experiences, experiences, trends, solutions, initiatives, etc. as a knowledge base. When this knowledge was implicitly and explicitly taken out of the hands of the organization and managed, It can be fruitful and can help achieve organizational goals. This happens during the knowledge management process. The process of identifying, producing, disseminating, integrating, and applying the right knowledge at the right time by the right person in the knowledge management organization. This article attempts to describe and define knowledge management and the relationship between knowledge management and human resource empowerment while explaining the impacts of knowledge management on human resource empowerment. Summary Human resources are the most valuable resources of an organization that collect and store in their minds as experiences, experiences, trends, solutions, initiatives, etc. as a knowledge base. When this knowledge was implicitly and explicitly taken out of the hands of the organization and managed, It can be fruitful and can help achieve organizational goals. This happens during the knowledge management process. The process of identifying, producing, disseminating, integrating, and applying the right knowledge at the right time by the right person in the knowledge management organization. This article attempts to describe and define knowledge management and the relationship between knowledge management and human resource empowerment while explaining the impacts of knowledge management on human resource empowerment.

Leishmania major is the etiologic agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran, and glucantime injection is currently used for its treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effect of topical Plantago psyllium and white vinegar in L. major infected BALB/c mice.

Thirty infected mice were divided into five groups as follows: Group 1: treated with the combination of ovata powder and white vinegar, Group 2: treated with glucantime, Group 3: treated with white vinegar, Group 4: treated with the combination of ovata powder and water, and Group 5: without any treatment. All the groups were treated for 18 days. Lesion size was measured, and final smears were prepared for microscopic examination.

The findings indicated that the difference in the mean areas of the ulcers in all the groups before and after treatment was not significant, except for the second (glucantime) and third (vinegar) groups. Also, the results showed that in the first, second, third, and fourth group, 6 (60%), 4 (80%), 3 (60%), and 2 (40%) mice were healed, respectively. However, ulcers remained in all the five mice of the control group.

The combination of ovata powder and white vinegar has been traditionally used to treat leishmanial lesions in Iran. It seems the most anti-leishmanial effect is related to vinegar and supported by Plantago. The route of treatment with this combination is very simple and painless in comparison with injection. Thus, further studies on this issue could help to design more effective and easy-to-use drugs.

In some telecommunication systems, the signals received or sent by different antennas are combined with each other in a way that has the most benefit in a specific spatial direction. The signal sent or received by all antennas is the same and differs only in amplitude and phase. On the other hand, in some array systems, the transmitted signal is different from different antennas. Similarly, the receiver has a separate processor for each antenna. In MIMO systems where the transmitted signals from various antennas are different and each antenna has a separate receiver in reception, the physical distance between the different antennas must be greater than a certain value so that the paths of each antenna to the destination are independent. In this paper, considering this distance in practical systems, a number of auxiliary antennas are placed between the main antennas of the MIMO system. The main antenna together with its adjacent auxiliary antennas forms antenna assemblies. The function of auxiliary antennas is to eliminate co-channel interference by performing appropriate irradiation. In this paper, the considered model is a channel with a feed rail that has a full order. For this channel model, different radiators such as MVDR, LCMV, GSC, ZF and maxSNR were investigated. And two different modes were considered for the transmitter. One of them is when the desired transmitter has one antenna and the other is when the desired transmitter has two antennas and uses Alamouti coding. In addition, both the state that the receiver is aware of the interference channel and the state that is not aware were examined. For each of these radiators, the output signal of the radiator was presented in order to decode the Alamouti coding. In addition, the LCMV radiator was examined under different conditions. In all these cases, the effect of the presence or absence of auxiliary antennas in eliminating all-channel interference was investigated. The simulations performed show the superiority of the performance of the methods proposed in this paper in the face of inter-channel interference

Theorists of diaspora studies have considered three different states for immigrants who live far from their ancestral homeland: the desire to return to one's original homeland, the attempt to make the new land one's home and considering homeland as a fluid conception. Iranian-Afghan writer Alieh Ataee has also addressed this issue in her latest work, Koorsorkhi: A Story of Soul and War (2021). The present descriptive- analytical paper examines characteristics of the immigrants in this collection, based on the three perspectives mentioned above. The results show that due to the existence of unresolved issues and problems in Afghanistan and the permanent political unrest, a small number of immigrants are willing to return to their homeland. In contrast, there is a greater number of immigrants who are completely disillusioned with their ancestral homeland and want to create a home in the new country. There is also a group who is caught in-between their original homeland and their new home, and this constant confusion has caused serious injury to their psyche. Koorsorkhi points to a new situation to which the paper refers as the "borderline identity", a situation in which the immigrant consciously chooses when to be considered as Afghan or Iranian, depending on the circumstances.