fariborz dortaj

Wisdom can be understandd as a psychological competence in facing difficult and ambiguous or unsolvable problems of life and helps people endure or cope with complex and uncertain life conditions in the future. Also, wisdom is based on experience. Experience in itself is not necessarily effective, but lessons learned from successes and failures that people gain are helpful. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the educational package of wisdom and self-compassion and psychological well-being in students. Also, this research is semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was all undergraduate students of psychology at Azad University, Rodehen branch, in the academic year of 2021-2022 Among them, 45 students have been randomly replaced in control and experimental groups. The research tool included Nef self-compassion questionnaire and Rif psychological well-being. For this purpose, the educational package of wisdom was first designed and compiled based on the theoretical foundations and also the existing packages according to the target group and was approved by the experts. Then, from both control and experimental groups, in a pre-test session, including the implementation of research tools, the students of the experimental group were taught wisdom training package during 8 90-minute sessions, 2 sessions per week And finally, after the completion of the training sessions, a post-test was taken from both groups. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance test in SPSS26 software.

The aim of this study was to compare the effective of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment with couple schema-based therapy on emotion regulation, self-compassion and marital burnout of conflicting couples in Tehran. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population included all conflicting couples in Tehran and the sample size included 20 couples in the experimental group undergoing schema therapy training, 20 couples in the experimental group under acceptance and commitment therapy and 20 couples in the control group. Available sampling was selected in 2019-2020. Measurement tools included Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), a Questionnaire Self-compassion (Neff, 2007), and Questionnaire Marital Burnout (Pinez1996). Multivariate covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that both treatment approaches had a significant effect on all three variables (P<0.001). These changes remained stable in the follow-up phase. Also, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment with couple therapy based on burnout and self-compassion (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and couple therapy based on emotion regulation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychology intervention on self-care and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in women with type 2 diabetes. This quasi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest design with a control group. A total of 30 women with type 2 diabetes who visited the endocrinology department of Shahid Dr. Labbafi Nejad Hospital between June and July 2024 were randomly selected. Participants were then randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups using Microsoft Excel. The experimental group received positive psychology intervention for eight weekly sessions (90 minutes each), while the control group received routine hospital care. Data were collected using the Diabetes Self-Care Scale and HbA1c measurements at three time points: baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). The results indicated a significant increase in self-care scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. Additionally, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels compared to the control group. These findings suggest that positive psychology intervention can be an effective approach to improving self-care behaviors and reducing HbA1c levels in women with type 2 diabetes.

Adolescents with coagulation disorders, such as hemophilia, often face significant psychological challenges due to the chronic and unpredictable nature of their condition. Enhancing their psychological resilience is essential for improving their quality of life. This study examines the effectiveness of Reality Therapy in increasing distress tolerance and cognitive flexibility among these adolescents.
This semi-experimental study used a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all adolescents (13-18 years old) with blood coagulation disorders, members of the Iranian Hemophilia Center. A sample of 32 participants was selected using a convenient sampling method, with simple random assignment to experimental (n=16) and control (n=16) groups using the method of assigning random spheres. The intervention consisted of weekly 90-minute sessions over 12 weeks. Outcomes were measured using the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTQ) and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 23.
According to findings, Reality Therapy significantly improved distress tolerance in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.001), with an effect size of 0.42. Cognitive flexibility also showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) with an effect size of 0.88. These improvements were maintained during the three-month follow-up period. Subscale analysis indicated significant gains in stress regulation, personal competence, trust in personal impulses, and skillfulness in the intervention group.
Reality Therapy effectively enhances distress tolerance and cognitive flexibility in adolescents with coagulation disorders. These findings suggest that Reality Therapy is a valuable therapeutic approach for improving psychological resilience in this population.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and academic self-efficacy in students who are victims of domestic violence.

  in an experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, 28 students aged 12 to 15 years who were covered by non-governmental organizations supporting children and adolescents due to the lack of moral competence of their parents and based on a questionnaire Garnevsky & Kraiij(2006) cognitive regulation of emotion and academic self-efficacy ofJinkz & Morgan(1999), who were diagnosed with emotional disorder and weak feeling of academic self-efficacy, were selected in an available and voluntary manner. These people were randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups of 14 people. The experimental group underwent narrative exposure therapy intervention for 8 sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups completed the questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data were processed using one-way analysis of covariance.

The findings showed that narrative exposure therapy has a significant effect on improving emotion regulation (F=18.15 and P=0.001) and increasing academic self-efficacy (F=7.63 and P=0.001) in the research sample.

Based on this, it can be concluded that narrative exposure therapy is an effective method in the cognitive regulation of emotion as well as increasing the sense of academic self-efficacy in students who are victims of domestic violence.

The purpose of this current study is to develop and validate the educational package of wisdom and its effectiveness on the happiness and emotional intelligence of students this research is semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. For this purpose, the wisdom training package was first designed and compiled based on theoretical principles and existing packages according to the target group and was approved by experts.

The statistical population was all undergraduate students of psychology at Azad University, Roudehen branch, in the academic year 2021-2022. Among them, 45 students were randomly replaced into two control and experimental groups. The research tools included the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) and the Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1997). Then (22 people) from the control group and (23 people) from the experimental group were placed in a pre-test session During 8 sessions of 90 minutes, which were held 2 sessions a week, the students of the experimental group were taught the wisdom educational package, while there was no intervention for the control group.

The results showed that the educational package of wisdom on happiness and emotional intelligence is significant at the level of 0.001.

It can be concluded that wise people are receptive to new perspectives, they take emotions seriously because they know that emotions convey important information about a situation, and they feel satisfied with the smallest happiness.

This study aimed to compile and validate the life skills training package based on wisdom components in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and its effectiveness on the meaning of life, interpersonal intelligence and emotion regulation in adolescents. In terms of objectives, this mixed-methods study was basic research in the first phase and applied in the second. A combination of grounded theory and quasi-experimental methods was used for this purpose. The statistical population in the first phase includes the complete text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Jalal Khaleghi Motlaq, while high schools' students in Tehran were the target population of the second phase. Statistical sample was selected by census for the first phase. For the second phase, 40 students were randomly placed into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group received 13 wisdom-based life skills training sessions. The research tools included the interpersonal subscale of Multiple Intelligence Survey developed by Chislett and Chapman (2006), Steger’s (2010) Meaning of Life Questionnaire and Garnefski and Kraaij (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Findings confirmed the validity of and reliability of wisdom-based life skills training package. Also, MANCOVA showed that the experimental group scored higher in terms of meaning of life, interpersonal intelligence and emotion regulation than the control group. As a result, wisdom-based life skills training package can be a practical tool for psychologists and counselors to train adolescents to have a better life.

  The purpose of this research was to investigate and design the causal model of the relationship between negative emotions and being a victim of cyberbullying, emphasizing the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation, the amount of social media use, and the fear of being left out among secondary school students in Tehran. The research method was a path analysis. The population of this study consisted of all male and female high school students of Tehran city in the academic year of 2021-2022, among whom 384 were selected through convenience sampling from the north, south, west and east regions of the city. Questionnaires were used to collect data. LISREL software were used for data analysis. The findings show that the direct effect of negative emotions on the fear of being marginalized and the victim of cyberbullying is significant, and the fear of being marginalized has a direct effect on the victim of cyberbullying. Therefore, negative emotions cannot directly and independently lead to cyber bullying. Difficulty in emotion regulation also has only a significant indirect effect on the victim of cyberbullying, which is mediated by the fear of being marginalized. Overall, the amount of social media use shows a relatively weak but significant direct effect on cyberbullying victimization. Fear of missing out or fear of being marginalized seems to be an effective factor on being a victim of cyberbulling.

The aim of this research was to analyze and standardize the indicators of technical skills among first secondary level teachers in Karaj in 2021. Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive and contextual. The study population comprised all first secondary level teachers across the four districts of Karaj, from which a sample of 329 teachers was selected using a cluster random sampling method. A researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of 27 items was utilized. Data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis with the aid of Amos software.  The findings indicate that each component of the technical skills questionnaire, which includes consulting skills, teaching skills, classroom management skills, evaluation skills, and information and communication technology skills, demonstrated favorable internal consistency.  Consequently, it was concluded that each item possesses sufficient power to measure the components of teachers' technical skills, and each component effectively measures the broader construct of teachers' technical skills.

The present study investigated the mediating role of cognitive control and goal orientation relationship between spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness with flow experience. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population included Farhangian University of Guilan students in 2022-2023. Some 450 students were selected using the convenience sampling method. The research tools include goal orientation (AGQ) (1999), conscientiousness subscale from Neo's five-factor (PI-R) (1992), flow experience (1996), spiritual intelligence (2017) cognitive control (CCFQ) (2018). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The result showed that spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness have a significant direct effect on flow (P<0/01), Spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness do not have an indirect impact on the flow through goal orientation (P> 0.05). These results show that cognitive control can explain the flow due to the role of spiritual intelligence and conscientiousness.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in childhood. Effective treatment typically necessitates consistent adherence to the prescribed regimen. This study investigates the impact of serious games (FB) on attention, planning/organization, and social interactions in children with ADHD.

Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, 30 children with ADHD (18 boys and 12 girls, aged 9-11) were selected from educational counseling centers in Shiraz during the 2021-2022 academic year. Following matching, they were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Both groups received medication, but only the experimental group underwent training for 12 sessions over six weeks. Data were collected using three questionnaires: Connors, Brief Children's Symptoms, and Matson's Social Skills, which evaluated attention, planning/organization, and social interactions, respectively. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) in SPSS-22. Group comparisons were conducted using Levene and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.

The results indicated that the serious FB game had a significant effect on planning/organization and social interactions. However, there was no significant difference in attention scores between the experimental and control groups.

The application of new technologies, such as serious gaming, offers a promising approach for rehabilitating individuals with ADHD. E-health interventions could potentially provide a cost-effective and accessible treatment option for children with this disorder

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema-based training in the area of autonomy and impaired performance on academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation among female middle school students. The statistical population included female students of the first period of middle school in Tehran province for the academic year 1400-1401. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of general design, with pre-test, post-test, and control group. Using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, two schools were selected. From each grade in each school, 10 students were randomly chosen, totaling 60 students, who were then placed in experimental and control groups. Both groups responded to the academic self-efficacy questionnaires by Jerry Jing and Morgan (1999) and achievement motivation by Hermans (1977). The experimental group underwent 9 training sessions. The training package, based on schema, was developed by the researcher and had content and face validity, qualitatively and quantitatively determined by a panel of 10 experts with two validity coefficients: Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Data analysis was performed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test. Results showed that schema-based training significantly and positively affects academic self-efficacy and achievement motivation (p<0.01).

 Victimization has increased in recent decades and is now considered a concerning factor for public health. Adolescents are vulnerable and impressionable, and their early experiences of inappropriate relationships and victimization may potentially create a pattern for their future unhealthy relationships. This study aimed to design and validate a tool to measure the perception of victimization in Iranian adolescents.

Methods and Materials: 

This descriptive and survey-based study included a statistical population of adolescent students aged 12 to 20 years. The sample was purposively selected and calculated to be 343 participants based on Mueller’s formula. The research instrument initially comprised 49 items, which were reduced to 44 items after analysis. Data analysis was performed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods. The research data were analyzed using SPSS19 and LISREL8.8 software.

 The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Victimization Perception Questionnaire has five factors: emotional-mental, behavioral (verbal and non-verbal), virtual, sexual, and physical. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts' opinions. The construct validity of the Victimization Perception Questionnaire was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire studied in this research, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated for the entire test and the five discovered subscales. Accordingly, the reliability coefficients for the overall scale and the five identified dimensions were 0.94, 0.91, 0.84, 0.91, 0.89, and 0.78, respectively.

 Based on the results of this study, this scale has appropriate reliability and validity for measuring the perception of victimization in Iranian samples.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based parenting education program on quality of parent-child relationships and parenting stress of children (under preschool age) in Tehran city.

This study is an applied one, and quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and two month’s follow-up was used to collect the data. The statistical population was all parents of children in Tehran city in year 1399. In first, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and then randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 experimental and 15 control). For the parents of children in the experimental group, the mindfulness-based parenting education program was implemented in 8 sessions, each session lasting two hour. The instruments used in this study include the parent child relationship scale of Pianta (1992) and parenting stress index–short form of Abidin (1995). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and post-hoc Bonferroni).

Results indicated that mindfulness-based parenting education program, significantly improvement quality of parent-child relationships and parenting stress of children (under preschool age) in Tehran city and the results have had enough consistency in the follow-up period, as well (P<0.05).

The study findings proposed that mindfulness-based parenting education program can be used as an effective intervention in order to improvement the quality of parent-child relationships and parenting stress.

Research evidence indicates that several factors play a role in the academic adjustment of students, which due to the importance of parenting styles, psychological capital, quality of life and academic emotions, as well as the research gap in the field of providing a coherent model in this field, conducting more studies is necessary to It seems.

The purpose of the present study was to formulate and test the model of academic adjustment based on perceived parenting styles with the mediation of psychological capital, quality of life and academic emotions.

The present study was a description of the type of correlation studies using structural equations. The statistical population of this research included all the students of the third grade of the second high school for girls and boys of Fardis city (2537 people) in the academic year 2018-2019, of which 570 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the cluster sampling method. The data collection tools include 5 questionnaires of perceived parenting methods of McLone and Merrell (1998), quality of life questionnaire (Muntzari et al., 2014), Lutans et al. psychological capital questionnaire (2007), Pakran academic emotions questionnaire (2002) and the academic adjustment questionnaire of Sinha and Singh (1993). The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and structural equations.

The results showed that perceived parenting styles, psychological capital, quality of life and academic emotions have a direct and significant effect on academic adjustment (P< 0.05). Also, parenting styles perceived through mediating variables had an indirect and significant effect on academic adjustment (P< 0.001).

Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the structural model of the research has a good fit, and therefore, the use and application of this model in the problems of academic adjustment of students can be helpful to educational psychologists, teachers, managers, parents and education specialists

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of social-emotional cooperative learning and mindfulness training on improving social problem solving skills of students in Zanjan who were studying in the 96-95. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with an experimental group and control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population included all female students in the first grade of high school in the academic year 1395-96. 339 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and completed a short form of social problem solving questionnaire and among them 45 subjects were selected and randomly assigned to the two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received 12 sessions of social-emotional cooperative learning and Group II received 8 sessions of mindfulness training. The statistical method of Two-way Mixed Design (ANOVA) was used in order to analyze the data. The results indicate that implementation of social-emotional cooperative learning and mindfulness training increased the positive problem attitude scores and reduced the negative problem attitude, the avoidance style, and impulsivity-carelessness style scores but they did not significantly change in rational problem solving style. However, there was no significant difference between the two independent variables. The social-emotional cooperative learning compared with the control group, resulted in a significant decrease in mean, but mindfulness training did not affect it. The follow-up results indicate that their effect had remained over time.

 Many traumatic events, including physical, psychological, and sexual abuse, occur for girls. Evidence shows that such experiences can lead to a range of psychological effects. Adolescent girls' confrontation with these traumas has negative consequences on their mental health. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the metacognitive beliefs and social competence of sexually abused girls aged 9 to 13 years.

Methods and Materials: 

This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. From 43 sexually abused girls aged 9 to 13 who referred to Peyvand Counseling Services and Razi Psychological Services affiliated with the Alborz Province Department of Education, a sample of 30 was selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of 15 (one group received cognitive-behavioral therapy and the control group received no intervention). The instruments used in this study were the Cognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (Baco et al., 1990) and the Social Competence Questionnaire (Felner et al., 2009). Data were analysed by SPSS-27 and analysis of covariance method.

 The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy led to an increase in positive metacognitive beliefs and a decrease in negative metacognitive beliefs (p ≤ 0.005). Additionally, the results indicated that the cognitive-behavioral approach was effective in increasing the social competence of sexually abused girls (p ≤ 0.005).

 Based on the research findings, it is suggested to use cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve the metacognitive beliefs and social competence of sexually abused girls.

The ability to solve social problems is one of the skills and capabilities related to culture in today's world, where group cooperation and presence in a collective context are highly emphasized. The aim of this study was designing and validating a tool tomeasure social problem solving based on the stories of Kalileh and Demeneh.

The research method was a mixed exploratory type based on the integration of the Thematic analysismethod in the first stage (qualitative) and the tool development model in the second stage. In the qualitative section the Kalileh and Demaneh book were evalited. The quantitative part was conducted with the participation of 336 teenage students in the agerange of 12 to 20 years and targeted sampling. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 43 questions. Data was analyzed using MAXQUDA software, LISREL-8.8, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis method and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill. Coding reliability was calculated using Kappa method equal to 0.95. The content validity of the scale was confirmed using experts' opinions.

The questionnaire for measuring social problemsolving skills based on the stories of Kalila and Demeneh included the components of emotions and their management, thinking and decision-making, interpersonal communication, consultation, the way of dealing with problems and the attitude towards problem solving. Criterion validity of this questionnaire was confirmed based on Pearson's correlation coefficient equal to 0.63, for solving the social problem of D’Zurilla at the level of 0.001. The reliability of the tool was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale and the six dimensions identified as 0.92, 0.75, 0.72, 0.87, 0.72, 0.90 and 0.83 respectively.

The study showed that the social problem solving skill measurement scale based on the stories of Kalila and Demenehhas acceptable reliability and validity.

It is very important to pay attention to the development of children in different social dimensions and to take preventive measures against the occurrence of behavioral problems at an early age. Therefore, it will be helpful to identify targeted and effective intervention programs in this field. So far, various methods have been used to reduce children's behavioral problems, However, there is a research gap regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of the social skills training package based on puppet show and Walker's social skills training program on children's behavioral problems.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of social skills training based on puppet shows and Walker's social skills training program on preschool children's behavioral problems.

The current research design was a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population of the research included all preschool children in Kerman city, from among them a sample of 60 people was selected as available and they were placed in two experimental groups and one control group. One of the experimental groups of training through the social skills training package based on puppet shows (10 sessions) and the other experimental group underwent 11 sessions of training through Walker's training program (1983). The data collection tool was Gresham & Elliot (1990) Social Skills Rating System. The research data was analyzed by univariate and multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS-24 software.

The results of covariance analysis in the present study showed that both intervention methods were effective in reducing behavioral problems. However, the effectiveness of social skills training based on puppet shows in internalizing and hyperactivity problems was higher than Walker's method (P< 0.05).

According to the obtained results, it seems that the use of intervention methods based on puppet shows are more effective in improving the behavioral problems of preschool children than purely mental methods, Therefore, preschool teachers and child psychologists can use the mentioned method to reduce children's behavioral problems.

The student period is an exciting and challenging time for students. During this period, due to facing more stress-inducing factors and the necessity for appropriate adaptation, all students must have greater mental health and self-reliance to achieve greater success in their studies and, ultimately, in their profession. This research aims to investigate the impact of motivational interviewing on social anxiety and academic procrastination among students of the Islamic Azad University, Saravan branch.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes all students of the Islamic Azad University, Saravan branch. Forty individuals suffering from social anxiety and academic procrastination were selected via convenience sampling method and introduced as the statistical sample, randomly divided into two groups (each group containing 20 participants) for motivational interviewing and control. The experimental group received concepts and strategies of motivational interviewing by Rollnick and Miller (2002) in eight 70-minute sessions. Solomon and Rothblum's (1984) Academic Procrastination Questionnaire and Connor's (2000) Social Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. Covariance analysis with pre-test statistical control was used to examine the hypotheses of this research.

Based on the results, motivational interviewing explains 63.9% of the variance in post-test scores in the academic procrastination variable and 30.1% of the variance in post-test scores in the social anxiety variable.

Therefore, it can be concluded that motivational interviewing was effective on social anxiety and academic procrastination among students.

Teaching students' positive thinking competences is very useful to strengthen and improve positive communication with themselves, positive communication with others and their life, as well as increasing their self-esteem and academic success. Considering the importance of positive thinking and its broad aspects, including its role in adolescent adaptation, the present study investigated the effectiveness of teaching positive thinking and emotional self-regulation competences on creativity, reducing anxiety and academic achievement in senior high school students in Tehran.                                  The scores of experimental variables were evaluated in pre-test and post-test stages. The statistical population was high school students in Tehran. The statistical sample of this study includes 45 students (15 people in the first group) positive thinking competence, (15 people in the second group) emotional self-regulation competence and 15 people in the control group. For sampling, first, two high schools were selected by convenience sampling method and 45 high school students were randomly selected from the senior high school students and placed in experimental and control groups. The research instruments were Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Abedi Creativity Questionnaire that were administered to both control and experimental groups before and after providing positive thinking competences training to experimental group.    Descriptive and inferential statistics including mean and standard deviation and analysis of covariance and multivariate repeated measures analysis test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that teaching positive thinking and emotional self-regulation competences has a significant effect on creativity, reducing exam anxiety and academic achievement in students.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral self-regulation on working memory, attention deficit and hyperactivity in children.

This research was performed experimentally with a pretest-posttest design with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population included all children aged 7 to 12 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who referred to counseling and psychology centers in Tehran's District 5 in the academic year 2019-2020, and were treated with Ritalin. Sampling was done by simple random method. Then, among the 40 people who received the most symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the lowest score in working memory, they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group separately participated in 8 weekly sessions of 60 minutes of research intervention and the control group remained on the waiting list. The research instruments included the Pediatric Symptoms Questionnaire (CSI-4) and the Work Memory Scale of Aloy et al. (2008). Statistical data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The findings indicate that self-regulatory behavioral interventions are effective on working memory and reducing the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.

Behavioral self-regulation skills training had a significant effect on working memory of ADHD children.

The current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on psychological distress syndromes, rumination, and self-compassion in students experiencing psychological distress.

Methods and Materials: 

This study was applied in nature and employed a quasi-experimental design, specifically a pretest-posttest control group design with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of all female medical science students in Tehran during the academic year 2020-2021, from which 30 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of 15 (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). Data were collected using the Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales, the Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1993) Rumination Scale, and the Neff (2003) Self-Compassion Scale. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy sessions were conducted in 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions. Data were analyzed through analysis of variance.

The results of the data analysis indicated that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy was effective in reducing rumination, psychological distress syndromes, and in increasing self-compassion among students in the experimental group experiencing psychological distress, compared to the control group students who also experienced psychological distress.

Based on the results of this study, health professionals can use Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to improve rumination, psychological distress syndromes, and self-compassion among students experiencing psychological distress.

Happiness is one of the most important variables in the field of positive psychology, and a precise understanding of its definition and components requires careful examination in the cultural context of each society. Therefore, this research was aimed at redefining the concept of happiness under the title of happy-living or wise happiness based on Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. This research was basic in terms of purpose, and qualitative research based on the grounded theory method. Verse was considered as the unit of analysis. The ground of data was taken from text of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, revision of Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh. Statistical analysis based on the process of open coding, axial and selective coding was performed in MAXQUDA2018. In order to validate the designed model, the point of view of experts and researchers was used with the purposeful sampling method. The reliability of the coding of the components was found to be 0.89 based on the Kappa index. The findings showed that the happy-living or wise happiness in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh consists of 12 sub-components of happy-living based on moral principles, unchangeable difficulties acceptance ability, purposeful learning in the direction of living life, having rational thoughts and freedom from disturbing thoughts, focus on the present time, positive relationship, emotion regulation and impulsive self-control, spiritual relation with god, courageous and resilient confrontation with life's difficulties and sufferings, hope for the future and optimism in difficult conditions, physical activity and avoiding laziness and meeting the basic material needs of life had the most extracted free codes, respectively.

The aim of this study was to Compilation and Validation of Dynamic Mindset instrucational Package based on Inteligence Believes theory of Dweck and determining of its Effectiveness on Academic Motivation of Female Students.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female high school students in the 18th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2020- 21. From this statistical population, 36 students were selected by simple random sampling and were randomly replaced in tow experimental and control groups (N= 18). Data were collected using the inteligence Beliefs Questionnaire (Dupira & Marineh, 2005) and academic motivation (Vallerand et al., 1992).The experimental group received a dynamic mindset training package in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any training.

The content validity index for all objectives in the training package was between 0/9 to1, and the content validity ratio for all objectives in the educational protocol was 0/8 to 1/1. Also, the results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of academic motivation of the subjects in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages (P <0.05).

The results of this study showed that the dynamic mindest training package has acceptable content validity and has the ability to promote academic motivation. Therefore, therapists and educators can use the current package to enhance students' progress in addition to the previous methods