mohammad velayatzadeh

The quality of river water is deteriorating due to natural and human impacts. Arvandroud is a common river on the border of Iran and Iraq that irrigates many urban and rural areas and agricultural fields in Abadan and Khorramshahr regions. This research was conducted in 2022 with the aim of determining the quality characteristics of Arundroud water using NSFWQI index and fuzzy association model.

Sampling and measurement of physical, chemical and microbial parameters were done using the standard method and 60 water samples were prepared from 10 stations with 3 replications in spring and summer. The water quality of Arvand River was investigated based on NSFWQI index and fuzzy correlation model.

Fuzzy correlation analysis between the measured values of the parameters in the studied stations showed that the correlation was significant with the increase of the Pearson statistic values (P<0.05). Based on the results of the classical correlation method, only the pH variable showed a significant correlation between the stations under study (P<0.05). Input functions included Pearson correlation and Sig. statistic (2 tails) and the output variable was the fuzzy correlation coefficient. For Sig. (2-tailed), 5 classes as very weak, weak, medium, strong and very strong, for Pearson's statistic 5 classes as very weak, weak, medium, strong and very strong and for phase correlation coefficient 4. The classes were determined as very weak, weak, medium and strong.

According to the final NSFWQI index, the quality of water in all studied stations in Arundrud is at a bad level. By inserting the calculated correlation values in each variable, the results showed that the effect of pollutants on temperature was very weak, pH and total coliform were weak, and nitrate and TSS were moderate and strong for BOD, DO, phosphate and turbidity.

 Mercury is one of the metal pollutants that enter the environment due to human industrial activities and subsequently enter the human body, causing poisoning and carcinogenesis. The present research was aimed to determine mercury pollution in water and sediments of the Dez and Karkheh rivers in Khuzestan province, Iran.

In this research, 30 water samples and 30 sediment samples were collected from each station, and a total of 120 samples from the Dez River and 180 samples from Karkhe River were collected from two stations. Mercury measurement was performed by atomic absorption method and hydride system with the help of Perkin Elmer 4100 device.

Analysis of variance showed that the amount of mercury in water (P=0.011) and sediments (P=0.023) exhibited a significant difference between the Dez River and Karkheh River (P<0.05). The highest Nimro index and pollution factor were observed at the second station of the Dez River, with values of 0.848 and 1.350, respectively, while the lowest values of these indices were found at the second station of the Karkhe River, at 0.092 and 0.012, respectively. The mercury in water quality index (MI), mercury pollution index (HPI), Contamination Factor (CF), and water pollution index (WPI) at the first station of the Dez River were higher than those at the other studied stations in both the Dez and Karkheh rivers. The highest and lowest values of the mercury metal risk index in water were 11.49 for children and 0.052 for adults, observed at the first and second stations of the Karkhe River, respectively.

The potential risk assessment indicated that there is a possibility of adverse effects on human health from exposure to mercury, even below the permissible limit for adult and child receptors. The pollution indicators suggested that mercury metal pollution in the sediments of the Dez and Karkheh rivers is low to moderate, indicating that the origin of mercury metal in these sediments is very low. However, the results of water pollution indicators revealed that the waters of the Dez and Karkheh rivers are polluted with mercury.

 The carbon footprint is one of the parameters that can be used to estimate the amount of pollution caused by carbon dioxide compounds. This research was conducted to evaluate and estimate the carbon footprint resulting from the carbon dioxide emissions of the Zahedan Gas Power Plant due to the consumption of fossil fuels and electricity production.

Carbon dioxide was read directly in the vicinity of the exhaust chimneys. In each studied season (spring, summer, or autumn), carbon dioxide was measured with 3 repetitions. TESTO (model 350, Germany) was utilized to measure carbon dioxide gas. The carbon footprint was estimated and evaluated by the IPCC method. To calculate the per capita carbon footprint, the population of Zahedan was considered based on the last census in 2021, which was 770 800 people.

The total carbon dioxide emissions in the spring and summer of 2021 were 15.22 and 9.41 ppm, respectively. It was 12.44 and 20.37 ppm in the spring and autumn of 2022, and 21.49 ppm in the summer of 2023. The highest per capita carbon dioxide emission and intensity of carbon dioxide emission (2240.89 and 288.73, respectively) were obtained from the consumption of oil and gas in the year 2021 for electricity generation in the Zahedan Gas Power Plant.

Zahedan Power Plant has used oil and natural gas to produce electricity, and the consumption of natural gas was higher than that of oil gas in the two years under study. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions in 2021 from the consumption of natural gas was higher than that of oil gas. In addition, the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in 2021 was higher than in 2022. According to the results, carbon dioxide emissions increased in 2023 and 2022 compared to 2021.

Potentially toxic elements represent significant threats to aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to assess environmental pollution indicators and analyze potentially toxic elements present in the water and surface sediments of the Karkheh River in 2020.

A total of 180 samples of water and sediments from three designated stations along the Karkheh River were collected and prepared following ASTM guidelines. The analysis of the target elements utilized atomic absorption spectroscopy coupled with a graphite and hydride furnace system facilitated by a Perkin Elmer 4100 device.

The highest concentrations of the studied elements in the water of the Karkheh River were recorded for cadmium at 8.01 mg/liter, while in sediments, nickel exhibited the highest concentration at 13.02 mg/kg. Comparative analysis revealed that concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, and nickel in the river water exceeded the World Health Organization's standard limits (P<0.05) across all three stations. Conversely, arsenic and nickel levels in sediments fell below the standard set by the National Environmental Organization of Iran (P<0.05). Cadmium concentrations in sediments at the first (P value=0.0) and second (P value=0.255) stations were below the national standard, whereas at the third station, they exceeded it (P value = 0.459).

The assessment of water pollution indicators suggests that the Karkheh River exhibits minor pollution concerning potentially toxic elements such as cadmium, arsenic, and nickel, which pose risks to aquatic organisms. Sediment analysis indicates elevated cadmium, arsenic, and nickel concentrations, likely influenced by agricultural and industrial activities along the river. The findings underscore the impact of geological and anthropogenic factors on the Karkheh River ecosystem, highlighting the need for comprehensive management strategies. 

Occupational accidents are one of the most important problems in developing countries. To control these incidents and their consequences, compliance with safety principles based on safe behavior can be effective. Since safe behavior occurs as a result of encouraging or punishing the target group, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the systems of encouraging and punishing employees with compliance with safety principles and reducing accidents in Gorzin Gas Refinery, Qeshm.

The statistical population included all the employees of Gorzin Qeshm Gas Refinery (300 people). From among them, 169 were selected through Cochran's sample size formula by stratified random method, and the desired questionnaires were given to them to answer, and 109 people completed the questionnaire. The variables of encouragement and punishment were determined as independent variables and the variable of organizational relations, including compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents, were determined as dependent variables. Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire or SPSRQ (Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire) was used to carry out the field research.

According to the Pearson correlation test, no significant correlation was observed between compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents (organizational relations) and encouragement (r = 0.018, n = 106, P = 0.854). There is also a correlation between compliance with safety principles and reduction of accidents (organizational relations) and punishment (r = 0.605, n = 106, P = 0). According to ANOVA variance analysis, the F value of the regression model is 60.122 and its significance probability is zero, so the regression model with the punishment variable is significant.

The two principles of safety and reduction (organizational relations) and communication with inter-organizational communication and punishment are positive and punishment significantly predicts organizational relations.

Potentially toxic elements are part of dangerous environmental pollutants and are carcinogenic to humans. This research was conducted in 2019 with the aim of estimating and evaluating human health risks and environmental ecology of potentially toxic elements in the surface soils of Mansouri oil field.

In this research, soil samples were prepared from seven study areas. In each station, five random samples from an area of 5 square meters were mixed in a composite sample and 1 kg of surface soil (depth 0 to 20 cm) was collected in polyethylene bags, thus 105 soil samples were prepared.

The average concentration of cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, vanadium, copper and zinc in the surface soils of Mansouri oil field were obtained 1.05, 69.11, 86.79, 99.14, 23.76, 34.05, 65 and 118.22 mg/kg respectively. The highest and lowest values of the potential ecological risk index were related to cadmium (157.50) and vanadium (0.34). The carcinogenic risk index for chromium element was higher than cadmium, lead, nickel and vanadium for adults (5.25×10-5) and children (3.91×10-4).

The pollution indices of potentially toxic elements such as the values of the pollution factor, enrichment factor and land accumulation index showed that lead and cadmium had the greatest impact on soil pollution and the levels of potentially toxic elements were high in concentration compared to the background values and had a global average, which indicates that crude oil spills, light and heavy vehicle traffic, and related human activities in this area have significantly contributed to the increase in the levels of potentially toxic elements in these soils. It seems that there are potentially toxic elements that do not threaten human health and do not cause health problems or pathogenicity.

In this research, in order to investigate the scope of the effect of two types of fire, Flash Fire and Jet Fire, and to determine the individual and collective risk related to the gas tanks of South Pars refineries, the quantitative risk assessment method was used using PHAST software. To obtain reproducibility for the inlet and outlet valve flange leakage scenario, all connections in the path were examined separately for each scenario and their reproducibility was calculated. The results related to the gas tanks of South Pars refineries showed that among the leaks, the leakage related to the inlet valve flange and the outlet valve flange, according to their location (close to the car parking lot and vehicle traffic road as well as the traffic route) people and buildings around it) is more important. The individual risk contour diagram is the result of the combination of two scenarios, inlet valve and outlet valve, which shows the amount of deaths per year within the specified limits. This means that the collective risk of the area under investigation is high. Considering the conditions in the South Pars Refinery in terms of regional weather conditions, wind speed and direction, prevailing wind direction, the location of the buildings in the station and its population distribution, we come to the conclusion that in the event of a leakage incident, the consequences It is in the form of release of flammable gas and two possible types of fire, Jet Fire and Flash Fire.

Heavy metals have toxic effects, pathogenic, carcinogenicity and genetic mutations on human health. The aim of this study was to determine the health risk assessment of heavy metals in 24 food products of some commercial canned samples from Shushtar city (Khuzestan province). From each product, 6 samples were randomly prepared in 2019. The highest amount of Pb was obtained in vegetable stew canned 0.47 ± 0.005 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Also, the highest amount of As was observed in canned sweet corn 0.20 ± 0.006 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The average amount of Hg was present only in canned fish roe. The range of Cd ​​was 0.01-0.01 mg/kg. The highest and lowest levels of Fe in potato stew canned and canned fish roe were 4.61 ± 0.12 and 0.09 ± 0.05 mg/kg, respectively (p < 0.05). The highest amount of Sn in canned mushroom was 7.14 ± 0.05 mg/kg and the lowest amount of this metal was in potato stew canned and canned fish roe 0.10±0.002 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of Zn and Cu were 0.44 ± 0.03 and 1.77 ± 0.08 mg/kg in canned potato stew and canned broth peas (p < 0.05). The amount of metals studied in food products was lower than the allowable threshold of national and international standards. The carcinogenic risk of mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in food samples was lower than 10-4. According to the results, it seems that the consumption of food products does not pose a problem for consumers.

Lead is a toxic metal that is highly distributed in the environment and enters the natural cycle through many human-made industrial, agricultural, urban and rural activities, as well as by entering the marine ecosystems, it accumulates in the cycle of food and fish and can cause very dangerous and carcinogenic diseases in humans. This review was conducted in 2022. The data needed to assess the risk of lead on fish in the Caspian Sea, Oman sea and the Persian Gulf were collected by reviewing Persian and English published articles. The findings showed that the range of lead concentration in Caspian Sea fish was from 0.03 mg/kg in Vimba vimba to 3.01 mg/kg in golden grey mullet. Among the fish of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, the highest amount of lead was found in the flounders (2.82 mg/kg) and the lowest amount of this metal was found in sulpdur goatfish (0.008 mg/kg). The amount of lead in the muscle of the fish studied in the Caspian Sea, such as Caspian kutum, Golden grey mullet, common carp, leaping mullet, Gobies, and common Pike, was higher than the permissible limit of the World Health Organization (WHO) standard (0.2 mg/kg). In fish in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, the levels of lead in the muscles of Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Tigertooth croaker, Indo-Pacific king mackerel, Chelon subviridis, blackspotted croaker, Cobia, Sillaginidae, and Flounder were reported to be higher than the WHO limit. According to the risk assessment of lead metal in the fishes, in many cases the risk index was higher than 1 and the carcinogenic risk index of lead in the muscle of many fishes was reported to be higher than 1×10-4. Therefore, according to these results, it can be concluded that many fish in the Caspian Sea, the Persian Gulf, and the Oman Sea have been contaminated with lead metal during the past years, and for human consumption, the necessary precautions should be taken based on the recommendations of the WHO. It is also suggested to continuously monitor and control the concentration of lead metal and other heavy metals in marine ecosystems.

Safety climate and risk perception are two very important factors in safety studies that by examining and analyzing them, appropriate results can be obtained from the safety status of employees. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted randomly in 2020 on 388 employees of different departments of Andishmandan Jonoob Company project in Ahvaz.

The Nordic Safety Atmosphere Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) was used to assess the safety climate, the Flynn risk perception questionnaire was used to assess the risk perception, and the Likert method was used to assess the safety climate and risk perception assessment. Before distributing the questionnaire to the employees, a short educational class was held by the researcher on how to complete the questionnaire, and after distributing the questionnaire, the employees took 45 min to complete the questionnaire, and then the questionnaires were collected. To analyze the data, SPPS 24 software was used and to determine the differences between the studied variables, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) was utilized.

In this study, the mean weight and height of the subjects were 81.57±18.45 kg and 176.32±24.68 cm, respectively. Among the employees, 43.81% had a diploma, 37.37% aged 30 to 40 years, 76.03% had 1 to 10 years of work experience, and 80.67% were workers. The mean scores of different dimensions of safety climate based on age, work experience, and education level showed that the mean safety commitment of employees for age, work experience, and education level were 0.76, 0.98, and 0.76, respectively. In this study, 14 workplace risks were considered that the risk of electric shock, back pain, and repetitive movements by employees did not have a score of 1 (very low risk). The risks of hitting the hot surface and falling objects on the foot by the employees did not have a score of 5 (high risk).

The results of the mean scores of employees based on the safety climate questionnaire in the studied dimensions showed that the safety climate among the employees of the studied service jobs is relatively weak. Therefore, in order to reduce the potential risks in service jobs and reduce accidents, safety and health issues should be trained with proper and codified planning, and the safety culture of employees should be increased with new methods and new technologies. Regarding the perception of risk, it can be concluded that some risks were not felt by employees and were not observed by individuals; therefore, employees gave a low score to these risks.

Microplastics are small pieces of plastic waste that are accumulated in the environment on a global scale. This waste is generated by the direct release of plastic particles as well as the fragmentation of larger plastic items. Microplastics are distributed in marine habitats from the poles to the equator, from the sea surface and the shoreline to the depths of the sea. They are swallowed by a wide range of living organisms, including important commercial fish and bivalves. In some populations, the consumption of microplastics is very high, which can have toxic or physical side effects. However, our understanding of the relative importance of these side effects in different populations is very limited. The amount of microplastics in the environment seems to be increasing, and this is inevitable because even if new plastic materials can be prevented from entering the ocean, the fragmentation of existing plastic items will continue in the future years. The term microplastics have been used for a decade and has raised many questions about its harmful effects. Some solutions are available to reduce this pollution, however many studies are ongoing in this area. There is significant synergy in the new designs and production of plastic items and their efficient recycling because waste recycling reduces the use of non-renewable oil and gas energy in the production of new plastics and at the same time reduces the accumulation of microplastics in the environment.

The main purpose of this research is modeling based on PHAST software, and achieving safe distances for deploying firefighting teams at the time of accidents as consequences of leakage, fire and explosion in some of the process equipment of Persian Gulf Star Gas Condensate Refinery.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. In this study, two possible types of fire in the single distillation process (sudden fire and burst fire) were investigated. The explosion of one of the towers was also simulated to determine the extent of the effects of these events.

In the jet fire of the output line of furnace 101, the minimum distance from the accident site should be considered 120 meters, which according to the standards related to heat flux, up to a distance of 66 meters, the probability of death will be 100%. In addition, due to the pressure wave created in the wide range prone to flash fire in the rupture of the output line of furnace 101, the explosion of the fire station also affects.

According to the data obtained from the simulation, the authors concluded that in the event of leaks in the open air (flammable materials), the greatest danger threatening people and equipment, and consequently the firefighting team, is the occurrence of flash fire, which usually covers a wide area.

This study aimed to evaluate the environmental risk and human health risk of heavy metals in some agricultural products cultivated in Dezful and Shushtar in 2020.

In this research, 18 samples of 1 kg of crops grown on farms in the summer of 2020 were collected randomly from 6 stations in two areas of (Safiabad & Shamsabad farms) and two regions of Shushtar (Gelalak & Shoaibiyeh farms). ICP model Varian 710-ES measured heavy metals.

The average amount of zinc in tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, and onions grown in farms were 38.396, 23.440, 16.136, and 90.706 mg/kg, and in cultivated lands of Shushtar, 11.690, 6.730, 5.713, and 7.406 mg/kg were obtained. Analysis of variance showed that the heavy metals lead, cadmium, and chromium in crops of Dezful and Shushtar were significantly different (P<0.05), but in the case of zinc, copper, and nickel in tomato, cucumber, No significant difference was observed between potato and onion (P>0.05). In tomato and cucumber crops grown in Dezful and Shushtar and potatoes in Shushtar, the hazard values of cadmium, chromium, zinc, and copper were higher than 1. In the tomato crop and the potatoes grown in Shushtar, the lead metal risk index values were higher than 1. Nickel metal hazard index values were obtained in cultivated agricultural products of potatoes, cucumbers, and tomatoes in Shushtar and adults and children less than one.

The carcinogenic rates of cadmium, chromium, and lead in the crops of Shushtar and were higher than the allowed limit of 4-10. The carcinogenicity rate of nickel metal in Shushtar and Dezful crops was 4-10 lower than the permitted limit.

Clean and healthy air is the joy of human life that needs it more than food and water. Today's modern industry produces a lot of gases and particles that pollute the open air. Air pollution, as one of the concerns of the present age, in addition to environmental degradation and economic damage, poses serious risks to human health. Continuous monitoring of air quality to identify pollutants and identify sources of their emissions is also one of the basic strategies for controlling air pollution. Adverse air quality causes a lot of damage to humans and the environment and various health effects. Air pollution is a major environmental threat to human health in many developed or developing cities around the world. The level of air pollution is usually determined by the concentration of air pollutants such as dioxide hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone and suspended particles. In recent years, air quality has been a major factor in the emergence of quality of life in urban areas, especially in densely populated and industrial areas. Air pollution with a wide range of suspended particles has effects on human health, including the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, as well as mortality. In this article, the effects of air pollution on the environment and sources and the source of pollution in Ahvaz city are introduced.

Environmental pollution also increased by the advancement of technology and the application of industries in human life. Air pollution is one of the major contaminations in the human environment which causes many acute and chronic diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination of PM2.5 and PM10 particles in Khash Cement Company in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2015.

Methods and Materials: 

Sampling from 8 environmental stations of Khash Cement Company was carried out in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 1394 regarding the wind direction and atmospheric conditions with 9 replications. A total of 288 environmental samples were sampled. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24.

Statistical analysis of the data showed that the highest amount of PM2.5 suspended particles was obtained near the company’s bascule in the summer (121.66±28.91μg/m3) (P<0.05). The lowest amount of PM2.5 suspended particulate matter was measured in front of training office in the autumn (6.66 ±3.05 μg/m3) (P<0.05). In the spring, the maximum amount of ambient PM2.5 particles was measured adjacent the entrance door (20±4 μg/m3); moreover, the lowest amount of these particles was measured near the voltage station (14.33±3.51 μg/m3) (P<0.05). The highest and lowest amount of ambient PM2.5 particles were obtained near the company’s bascules (121.66±28.91 μg/m3) and the western side of guard turret (8.33±4.04 μg/m3) in the summer respectively (P<0.05).

The particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 environment in Khash Cement Company was lower compared to the standard 25 and 50 micrograms per cubic meter. According to the results, it can be stated that the environmental suspended particles of the Khash Cement Company were acceptable for human respiration.

This study provides an overview of the cause, source, origin and effects of dust storms. Desertification and climate change are the most important environmental challenges in arid regions of the world, and their effects, including air pollution, affect people all over the world. Although air pollution is a harmful and pathogenic phenomenon for all people and at all ages, a wide range of people, including the elderly, pregnant women, children and the sick, are more vulnerable. Dust is one of the environmental problems that ultimately causes respiratory and skin diseases in humans. Iran is also one of the countries in the arid and semi-arid region, which is surrounded by dust storms. The internal source of dust storms includes southwest, east and central Iran. In general, there are two approaches to environmental change. The first approach is to ignore these changes and continue the current situation, which will only result in more environmental degradation. Another approach is to identify these changes from the past to the present and to develop an environmental management program to control these changes and to plan to improve the environmental situation.

This study was done in order to determine and compared the accumulation of iron and zinc in the muscle tissue of fish Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and its relation to the total length, total weight and age of the fish in the waters of the Persian Gulf was northwest. 96 fish samples were collected at 6 length group. Measuring the level of essential elements samples were digested through dry digestion method. The difference between the means analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the presence or absence of difference and a significant relationship was estimated at 95%. Mean concentrations of iron and zinc in muscle tissue of Rachycentron canadum were 25.50±2.78 and 9.06±1.23 mg/kg dry weight (P<0.05). The highest concentration of iron in groups belonging to different lengths of 102-110 cm (28.21±0.74 mg/kg dry weight) and most of the zinc and nickel belonging to groups larger than 127 cm in length (10.27±0.47 mg/kg dry weight). A positive correlation was established between in the total length and total weight and age and accumulation of metals, iron and zinc at levels not significantly (P>0.05). Concentration of Zn in muscle ofRachycentron canadum was lower than more WHO, MAFF and NHMRC (1000, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Concentration of Fe in muscle ofthis fishwas higher than more FDA (5 mg/Kg).

This study was carried out to determine the amount of heavy metals arsenic, lead and cadmium in water and sediments of Nasseri wetland of Khuzestan province in 2014-2015. Sampling was done in three parts of north, central and south in winter and summer with three replications using standard methods. Arsenic and lead levels in Nasseri wetland were higher in summer than in winter, but cadmium concentrations were lower in summer. The concentration of cadmium and lead in wetland sediments was also higher in summer than in winter, but arsenic content in sediments was lower in summer. The levels of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the Nasseri wetland were lower than the permissible national standard of Iran and international standards such as the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. The results of the contamination factor calculation showed that arsenic, lead and cadmium metals were classified as low, moderate and severely contaminated, respectively. The degree of contamination of the studied metals also showed that the contamination of Nasseri wetland sediments was moderate. As the pollution load index values were higher than 1, so this index also indicates contamination of Nasseri wetland sediments with cadmium, lead and arsenic metals. In terms of the enrichment factor of arsenic and lead metals in the low class and high cadmium was obtained, in other words, cadmium metal was of human origin, but arsenic and lead metals were enriched and of natural origin. Preventing and preventing the entry of any pollutants, especially heavy metals, into the Nasserian wetland can be achieved by developing appropriate treatment systems for the wastewater treatment plants.

Some metals play an important role in  biological reactions  and metabolism of human body. Low and high concentrations of these elements can cause diseases and poisoning. This study was carried out in order to investigate the concentration of metals in inlet and outlet water of households in Ahvaz city, Iran in 2018.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Water samples were taken from four different residential areas of Ahvaz city and finally 24 samples of inlet water and 24 samples of outlet water were tested. Experiments were performed with three replications. Heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and combined with mass spectrometry. In order to determine the amount of the mentioned heavy metals, ICP-OES (Varian 710-ES) was used .

The highest concentration belonged to calcium (146.39 mg/L) and the lowest concentration belonged to cobalt (0.001 mg/L). The concentration pattern of heavy metals in the inlet and outlet water of the purification devices was as follows: calcium> sodium> magnesium> potassium> iron> zinc>
manganese> chromium= cobalt. The values of calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron,manganese, copper, cobalt and chromium in the water outlet water were less than the obtained values in the input water.

Concentrations of heavy metals calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, iron, manganese, copper, cobalt and chromium in the inlet and outlet of domestic water purifiers were lower than the national standard of Iran, the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. According to the results, home water purifiers reduce heavy metals.

One of the most important contaminants in the cement industry are environmental suspended particles (PM2.5 and PM10), which cause respiratory and pulmonary diseases in humans.

This descriptive - analytical study was carried out in 2016-2017 on the peripheral particulate matter of Khash cement plant. Sampling was performed at 8 environmental stations of Khash Cement Company in spring, summer, fall and winter. A total of 576 samples were sampled of peripheral particulate matter.

The amount of particulate matter was PM2.5 2.82 to 24.63 µg/m3 , respectively. The highest PM2.5 content was obtained in spring (24.32±2.51 µg/ m3 ). The lowest amount of particulate matter PM2.5 in different seasons were measured in substation (P<0.05). The amount of particulate matter was PM10 19.98 to 68.22 µg/m3 , respectively. The highest PM10 content was obtained in autumn (64.92±3.76 µg/m3 ). The lowest amount of particulate matter PM10 in spring and summer were measured in substation (P<0.05), but the lowest amounts in the autumn at the entrance door and in winter was observed in wastewater treatment.

In this study, the amount of PM2.5 and PM10 peripheral particulate matter in Cement Company was lower than WHO and USEPA standard. According to the results it can be stated that the suspended particles Khash Cement Company environment for human respiration were within acceptable limits.

One of the most important environmental issues related to the energy sector is the global climate change caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases. Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes global warming, which has dangerous consequences. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetation on the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the Yadavaran oil field in 2017.

In this research, information was collected and parameters were measured in 5 stations (Contractor Services Camp, Water Supply, Permanent camp, Green space and Pioneer camp) with 3 replications. Regarding the administrative and operational hours, measuring the parameters of research was carried out during the working hours of the day in spring and June 2017. In this study, the amount of temperature, velocity and wind direction of the dominant region, moisture content, oxygen content, green space and vegetation, buildings and barriers, and the distances and closeness of the emission sources and altitudes from the ground surface were taken.

According to the results obtained in areas with vegetation and trees, at the pioneer camp and the water supply camp with increasing temperature, the amount of carbon dioxide has also increased. In the campus, the service contractor and the green area of the region with a decrease in temperature, carbon monoxide in the air was also downtrend.

The temperature and humidity did not affect the concentration of oxygen in the air, and it was the same in the five study areas.

This research was conducted of determining and comparing the heavy metals of zinc, iron, manganese, copper, nickel and vanadium in summer in waters and sediments of Naseri wetland in Khuzestan province, 2017.

Sampling of water and sediments from three areas of north, central and southern Naseri wetland was carried out in summer. In order to measure heavy elements, the ICP-OES model Varian 710-ES was used to measure the induction plasma (ICP) and its composition by mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

The average concentration of heavy metals in Naseri wetland water was obtained at station 3 above the first and second stations. Zinc, iron, copper and vanadium were lower in the wetland water than national and international standards, but higher levels of manganese and nickel were obtained. The average of the concentrations of the studied metals except the nickel in the surface sediments of the wetland in the second station was higher than the first and third stations. Ni was found higher in the sediments of the third station.

The results of calculating the contamination factor showed that heavy metals were zinc, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium and copper in low pollution levels. The degree of contamination of the studied metals also showed that pollution of Nasseri wetland sediments was low. The degree of contamination of modified heavy metals indicates very low contamination of sediments of Naseri wetland. The ecological risk of zinc, iron, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and copper was in the low-risk category. The total ecological risk of heavy metals at the stations was also classified as low risk.

Sediments are one of the biological indicators of the accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems, which, due to the stability of a region, can well measure pollution. This research was conducted in 2018 with the aim of investigating heavy metals of Cobalt, Chromium, Manganese, Selenium and Molybdenum in sediments of Hooralazim wetland in Khuzestan province. A total of 27 sediment samples from 3 stations with 9 replications were prepared according to the ASTM D2488 standard. To measure heavy metals the ICP-OES Varian 710-ES model was used. The highest amount of Cobalt, Chromium and Selenium in the deposits of Hooralazim Wetland was obtained respectively 0.019, 93.39 and 29.45 mg/Kg at the third station and Manganese and Molybdenum were 451.12 and 0.88 respectively at the second station. The lowest values ​​of heavy metals were Cobalt, Manganese and Selenium in the sediments at the first station, but the lowest Chromium concentration at the second station and Molybdenum was observed at the third station. The contamination of Cobalt, Chromium, Manganese and Molybdenum was less than 1, indicating a low contamination of these metals. Regarding Selenium metal, the contamination factor higher than 6 was found to indicate the severe contamination of the metal in sediments. Therefore, according to the results, it can be stated that Selenium is the most important metal contaminant than Cobalt, Chromium, Manganese and Molybdenum. Cobalt metal enrichment factor showed the low pollution level and Chromium, Selenium, Molybdenum and Manganese metals showed high level of contamination, which can be said these metals had origin of human. According to the ecological risk assessment of Cobalt, Chromium, and Molybdenum metals in Hooralazim wetland sediments and ecological risk factors they were classified into low ecological risk potential.

Carbon footprint is an important health, safety and environmental issue that has received much attention by many researchers and studied during the last decade. This research was conducted to assess the carbon footprint and investigate the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions released in the atmosphere and energy consumption in Yadavaran oil field, Iran in 1396. Data were collected during the working hours and office hours in the spring and during the month of June, in 64 area offices, operating units, residential camps, and administrative and executive offices. Data for determination of energy consumption were collected and classified using an information-gathering form and field surveys, as well as interviewing the contractors (three interviews to ensure accuracy and precision of the results). Based on the data analysis the following results were obtained: 1. The total carbon dioxide emissions resulting from electricity consumption, generators consumption and transportation during one month were 1072794/24 KgCO2/Kwh, 5435478 KgCO2/L and 9342704/36 KgCO2/L, respectively; 2. The total amount of carbon dioxide emissions was estimated in the Yadavaran oil field to be 190211719.2 KgCO2/year; 3. The total energy consumption in one year was 52229043.92 GJ; 4. The monthly and annual energy consumption levels (BOE) were found to be 8.60 and 103.20 GJ/tone, respectively. Based on the findings, it is recommended to do the following: 1. Provision of a transportation service for the personnel in Yadavaran oil field; 2. Training of the Yadavaran oil field contractors in the area of optimum energy consumption; 3. Proper management of fossil fuels and transportation in the Yadavaran oil field; 4. Connecting all the regions in the Yadavaran oil field to the city electricity system.

Gender determination in the fisheries industry is important for the propagation and cultivation of economically valuable fish. In fish meat, due to the extraction of caviar, the proper method of gender determination is essential. This research was conducted in 1396 on Huso huso, in a closed circuit system, at the Hanusushadeh sturgeon farm, in Khuzestan province. To determine the gender, the fish were first anesthetized in a tub with 100 ppm of eugenol. They were then weighed using a digital scale, with a precision of one gram. In this research, gender determination of all fish was carried out with 100% accuracy. The ultrasound method was used to determine the gender by the Zoncer ultrasound apparatus in Germany. In this research, all fish with 100% accuracy were sexually explicit. Of the 1,000 pieces of Huso huso, 516 male and 484 female pieces were studied. Male and female fish had a weight range of 5150-4236 grams and 7125-4896 grams, respectively, and were 3 years old. Given that gender evaluation on all fish was carried out using ultrasound, this method can be considered the best and most reliable method for determining the gender of sturgeon, as the use of methods which cause the least stress in fish is always a priority.