mojtaba ansari

Archetypes are one of the most important topics in Jungian psychology, which speaks of the conscious and unconscious of man. The anime archetype, in contrast to the animus, belongs to the feminine aspect of men, in the deepest inner layers and subconscious of man, is very influential in his worldview, balance and mental imbalance. The present article, in a descriptive-analytical manner, examines this archetype in the character of Golmohammad in the novel Klidar by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi. Klider, which is essentially a historical novel, realistically depicts the political atmosphere in Iran after World War II between 1946 and 1948. In the lower layers of the story, what has influenced the process of individuality of Golmohammad's character is reported rather than the positive and negative aspects of the anime; Achieve growth and perfection, achieve love, extraordinary and heroic action, and on the contrary, express lust and projection. The results of this study show, however, that in Gol Mohammad's initial emotional encounter with Maral, the anime within him, the negative aspect of the anima flares up like lust, and for a while, takes over his existence and occasionally It leads to projection and anger, but in moments of cognition and recognition of the unconscious, mediated between the "I" and the "self", leads to growth and excellence and the process of individuality and the connection between the negative and positive aspects of personality. Has been the main of the novel.

Indigenous architecture has roots from nature, context and natural archetypes. The main goal of this research is to reframe Persian architecture as biocompatible, biophilic and eco-friendly architecture. It is to extract indicators that highlight biophilic aspects of Persian architecture as a reliable representative of the architecture of MENA region.

The research strategy is logical argumentation and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The theoretical framework of the research is based on highperformance architecture theory. The Delphi method, discipline of anticipation (DoA), and the Shannon algorithm have been adopted to extract effective indicators. For the discussion group, the opinions of twenty experts in the field are referred to. The tools for collecting opinions are in-depth interviews and structured questionnaires.

The quantitative research findings show that there is a meaningful correlation between the principles of Iranian architecture and biophilic architecture. These surveys show that the most dominant criteria might be summarized as: 1- socio-cultural dimensions: the occupant behavior, culture of context, measuring happiness instead of incomes, compatibility with the environment and the life cycle assessment; 2- economic dimensions: Persian culture of contentment, flexibility and design optimization; 3- environmental dimensions: performance-based design, carbon neutrality, and bio-compatible materials.

Persian architecture is an invaluable representative of highperformance architecture theory which might be acclaimed for focusing on nature-based solutions. It is to highlight the "process" more than the product; long-term benefits instead of short-term gains; nature-based value creation to encourage a zero-waste building industry, to reduce carbon footprint and biophilic architecture.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), which mimics the human brain structure and operation, simulates intelligence. The aim of Machine Learning (ML), which is a branch of artificial intelligence, is to create models by analyzing data. Another type of artificial intelligence, Deep Learning (DL), depicts geometric changes using several layers of model representations. Since DL broke the computational analysis record, AI has advanced in many areas.

Contrary to the widespread use of conventional ML methodologies, there is still a need to promote the use and popularity of DL for pharmaceutical research and development. Drug discovery and design have been enhanced by ML and DL in major research projects. To fully realize its potential, drug design must overcome many challenges and issues. Various aspects of medication design must be considered to successfully address these concerns and challenges. This review article explains DL's significance both in technological breakthroughs and in effective medications.

There are numerous barriers and substantial challenges associated with drug design associated with DL architectures and key application domains. The article discusses several elements of medication development that have been influenced by existing research. Two widely used and efficient Neural Network (NN) designs are discussed in this article: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs).

It is described how these tools can be utilized to design and discover small molecules for drug discovery. They are also given an overview of the history of DL approaches, as well as a discussion of some of their drawbacks.

Problem statement: 

The question of the quality and the meaning of home is a profound question, which is as old as human life. In this connection, the wide gap in research between home architecture and the texture called home in today’s life requires investigating the relationship between these two areas. A relationship also involves the missing link between the position of residents and their understanding of what they experience by staying in homes. How can the architectural patterns of apartment homes and the main spaces constituting them be improved to meet residents’ needs based on how they define the meaning of home? How can these patterns be converted into generalizable patterns of various forms?

The goal of this study was to understand the core criteria underlying the meaning of home from the views of residents, represent this meaning in home architecture, and then develop patterns for improving the existing situation of apartments based on residents’ parameters for approaching life-centered environments. 

The present study used a qualitative approach and had an applied goal. This study also fell under descriptive-analytical methods and data were collected from library sources and field surveys. Also, data were analyzed by using the Grounded Theory method. Here, to collect data, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 residents of apartment homes located in the middle texture of the city of Kermanshah, Iran. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Also, field observation and surveys of existing spaces were carried out. 

The repetitive and uniformity of architectural forms of various scales cannot turn a living place into being home; rather, it is the patterns that function to turn living places into being home. In this connection, three patterns of various scales were examined within six main spaces of apartment homes; personal rooms, private rooms, collective spaces, semi-open spaces, entrances, and kitchens. The layering of pre- and post-spaces beyond interior spaces, broken patterns in spaces with private-public accessibilities, and middle spaces were found to be the main optimal patterns in all spaces.

Statement of the ProblemOne of the main architectural issues is the assessing of post-housing construction life that determines the success of an architectural work in the views of residents. Now, if this assessment is performed on house components, repeated as patterns in various eras, it can help housing processes in the formation of houses that are more harmonious with its residents in the future. AimsAn assessment of inconsistencies in components constituting houses through detailed research within the real process of life by comparing the status quo and the desired state of housing from the view of residentsMethodology The present study fell under descriptive-analytical, as well as applied research. Data were collected through library studies and field surveys. To collect data, questionnaires were used. The statistical population consisted of 950 families residing in the middle texture of the city of Kermanshah. According to the Cochran formula, 273 people were selected as the sample volume, who were residing in this region in the summer of 2021. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. important findings the Sample T-Test, significance values, and the average frequency of data on comparing the status quo and the desired state indicated that there were inconsistencies within house components, which were different in various decades. As well, residents’ views suggested that a house may be regarded as desirable for its residents due to its integrity, even if its components were undesirable. ConclusionThe comparison of house components in various decades led to 11 criteria of inconsistencies of space creation without seeing residents’ behaviors, the lack of valuation for space, the removal of intermediate spaces, complexity, the lack of permanence, the lack of a bond with the context, weak control, the removal of views, the reduction of spatial diversity, the reduction of houses diversity and economic issues.

Chemotherapy is one of the methods used in the treatment of cancer. Not being targeted has many side effects for the patient. The use of nano-</span>carriers, including nano-liposomes, is a very effective way to target chemotherapy. In this study, a liposomal system containing doxorubicin was designed and evaluated for its effect on lung cancer cells.</span> In this in vitro study, two liposomal systems were prepared by the method of thin-film hydration and using different concentrations of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Doxorubicin was then loaded into the systems. Finally, one of the systems was selected based on the drug loading rate and drug release pattern. At the end, the selected drug delivery system in terms of particle size, zeta potential, liposomal vesicle appearance, and the interaction between the drug and the system was investigated.</span> The selected liposomal system contains doxorubicin with an encapsulation efficiency of 58.89%, size of 273 nm, dispersion index of 0.458 and zeta potential of -35.7 mv. Doxorubicin release from liposomes was controlled and no chemical interaction was observed between liposomes and referees. Liposomal vesicles are also spherical and have a smooth surface. The results of this study show that nano-liposomes can be prepared with appropriate formulation containing doxorubicin using nanotechnology. Which has good physicochemical properties. Therefore, this liposomal system can be recommended for further cancer-related research.

Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) are intangible benefits of nature. The Studies about CES are limited in Iran. The current research tries to determine some CES factors in urban green spaces (UGS) with a collaborative approach. The research purpose is practical. It was done by the descriptive-analytical method. For CES evaluation, 33 items were compiled with documentary studies to be measured by a survey method. The statistical population includes some visitors to Taleghani, Mellat, Ab-o-Atash and, Bagh-eIrani parks in Tehran. According to the number of items, the size of the samples was estimated at 400 people, and data was collected by using the available sampling method. Validity has been done by Factor Analysis and validation by calculating Cronbach's alpha test. The results of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (0.87) confirmed the adequacy of sample size and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity confirmed the ability to factorize data. The principal component analysis with varimax rotation showed that 7 factors in total explained 75.5% of the total variance of the items. Values of cultural heritage, spirituality, awareness, recreation, social relations, sense of place, and inspiration, formed the factors of CES. (3157/80) 2χ = 378, = df, p = 0.005). Friedman's test was used for factor ranking. The results showed that recreation is the most and sense of place is the least valuable of the park’s CES. In this way, people have understood parks as suitable places for recreation and social activities, but parks do not create a suitable ground for people's spiritual connection with nature.

Urban landscape, as the consequence of the human perception of diverse dimensions of the city, the physical form, action, and meaning, is an objective-subjective phenomenon. Different human senses, including sight, get information about the urban scene as a perceived reality. “Seeing” is a large aspect of how humans get environmental information as part of their perceptual process. Everything seen in space forms the visual system of the urban landscape which makes sense when it is combined with information received through other senses and interplay with the subjective aspect (one’s understanding based on experiences, memories, conditions, and personal-social characteristics), and the urban landscape. Many studies on the visual system of the urban landscape have focused on the “physical form,” its characteristics, and the way its components are organized, rather than the “activity”, which is part of the urban environment as experienced by humans. As a result, the function of activity in forming the visual system of the urban landscape should be addressed. The present study aims to understand the notion of a visual system in the urban landscape by describing its parts and the types of their correlations, which is accomplished through studying the theoretical relationship between the idea of the urban landscape and its components, as well as explaining perception by highlighting the information obtained through the sense of sight. The data of this descriptive and interpretive study were analyzed using documentary and bibliographic analysis and then were categorized and interpreted using logical reasoning. Findings demonstrate that the components of the urban landscape visual system can be explained in terms of visual elements (such as physical form and activity) and visual values (elements and their correlations quality, including the nine qualities of naturalness, sociability, readability, vitality, and dynamism, beauty, coherence and continuity, sense of identity, complexity, diversity, and contextualism) which are conducted through the research.

Due to its various meaning, the concept of “unity” is used with different aspects within urban design so-called vocabulary. Despite this extent of use, this concept and its multiple and various aspects is not studied properly. On the other hand, most of existing studies about “unity” are undertaken by western approaches while it seems that this concept should be interpretate from devine revelation. According to these statements, this study gives a typology of definitions proposed by experts about “unity” and the way they applied it to urban design. The recognition between these diverse approaches relation is made through descriptive-analytical methods. Finally, after exploring the Quran's attitude toward unity (according to the Tadabbor method), it is compared with other definitions and approaches. According to Quran’s attitude, perfect unity could be reached just by the accordance and compatibility of three systems, named: “active system of causes” (refer to active cause in philosophy), “inner system of causes” and “ultimate system of causes”. Other approaches to unity which are classified into nine types, usually focus on just one or two of these systems. This shows the lack of comprehensiveness of “unity” concept and the importance of the three condition of unity system throughout urban design.

Problem statement: 

Iran has myriad valuable rural fabrics. Today, discussing the “value” of rural fabrics is of great importance. Their diversity and dispersion based on biodiversity, natural location, and cultural characteristics have prompted entities to make efforts to identify their values with the help of environmental teachings. Given the limited funding and necessity to create equal opportunities to improve villages, the custodians are tasked with formulating the appropriate criteria and indicators to determine the values and evaluate the samples based on these to arrive at adequate samples that can be used as universal models for similar locations. The present research asks the question of how to define “value”, find suitable interpretations of it in a range of valuable rural fabrics, and present a mechanism to assess these to pave the way for both conservation and development.

The first aim of the research is to classify values for the rural fabric. In the next stage, it will review the criteria and indicators that impact their selection and present a new understanding of the concept of value in conservation, development, and restoration. Finally, it discusses the mechanism for measuring samples based on these.

The library research method was used for the comparative analysis of various values introduced in the relevant literature on the topic, then values were defined, described, classified, and analyzed by reasoning.

 The first step in setting up a mechanism to measure values was to identify the valuable samples by pinpointing the inherent values of every single rural fabric for conservation. The next step was to prioritize the attributed values and restoration goals to define a development plan.

As a manifestation of Iran’s landscape, the Persian Garden has reflected the thoughts, beliefs, and culture of Iranian-Islamic people throughout history. This gardening pattern has characteristics that have distinguished it from other gardening styles in the world. One of which is the water system in the Persian Garden. In the vast hot and dry areas of Iran, water has had an essential presence as evidenced by historical examples - from the oldest example in Pasargadae to the contemporary period – and water is considered one of the identity factors of the Persian Garden; Although the appearance of the water system and its nature in the Persian Garden as a product of human interaction with the environment has changed over time. The main purpose of this study is to explain the role of the water system in the eternity of the Persian Garden. To achieve this goal, first, the concept of eternity was defined and its criteria were extracted to form the theoretical model of the research. This theoretical model, which includes functional, climatic, socio-cultural, and semantic-aesthetic criteria, was then compared to the indicators of the water system obtained from the studies on the Persian Garden. To achieve these purposes, a combination of descriptive-analytical and historical research methods was used. The methods of data collection were in the form of library and field studies in addition to interviews with experts to achieve a comprehensive understanding of eternity, the Persian Garde,n and the water system. The method of information evaluation was qualitative according to the contents and the results were obtained through the analytical-inductive method. Based on this, the main question of the research has been answered and the final result was that the use of water in the Persian Garden was not instrumental, and maintaining a mental connection and assigning a meaningful role to it was the factor of the eternity of the Persian Garden; Because in the belief of Iranians, both before and after Islam, water has been a source of purification and has a sacred and meaningful role and has given life to the garden.

Contemporary physical and urban spaces face unfortunate consequences due to the sensory deprivation of human connection with the world around them And overemphasis on the mental and conceptual dimensions of architecture further leads to the destruction of the physical, sensory nature of architecture.Mark L. Johnson and George Lakoff pay special attention to the ability of architectural phenomenology to make the created spaces meaningful, by raising the issue of the physicality of meaning and emphasizing the importance of the body's place in the process of perception and cognition.. This study seeks to answer the question of what patterns underlie the fundamental phenomenological quality of the experience of bodily perception from the perspective of Johnson and Lakoff's ideas? And what components does he discover as receiving the meaning derived from the experience of presence? The research findings show that bodily sensory perception is the center of our experience and understanding of the world around us in order to give a pure experience to human beings. The results of this study indicate that eleven components were extracted based on the phenomenological concepts of sensory perceptions in order to determine the qualitative patterns of perception of the corporeality of meaning in the urban space of several squares of Tehran, including event space, patterning activities, sensory richness, readability, memory and imagination, Presence, sense of history, detail, geometric form and proportions, surroundings and signs.

Low-level laser radiation has a significant effect on cell proliferation. Various investigations into the effect of Er: YAG laser on the treated cell lines have been published. Determining core targeted proteins is an attractive subject. This research aimed at identifying the critical targeted protein by a low-level Er: YAG laser in primary osteoblast-like cells.

Data were extracted from the literature about proteomic assessment of 3.3 J/cm2 of low-level Er: YAG laser radiation on osteoblast-like cells of rat calvaria. The significant differentially expressed proteins plus 100 first neighbors were analyzed via network analysis and gene ontology enrichment.

Nine differentially expressed proteins among the 12 queried proteins were included in the main connected component. Analysis revealed that Cxcl1 was a key targeted protein in response to laser radiation. The presence of Cxcl1 in the significant cellular pathways indicated that cell growth and proliferation were affected.

It can be concluded that the immune system is affected by the laser to activate cellular defense against stress.

 Understanding molecular mechanism of chronic low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) effects on human body is subject of many researches. Several aspects of cell function such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and tumorigenesis are affected by LDIR. Detection of the main biological process that is targeted by LIDR via network analysis is the main aim of this study.  

 GSE66720 including gene expression profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) included irradiated and control cells is downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO). The significant differentially Expressed genes (DEGs) are determined and analyzed via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to find the central individuals. The main cell function which was related to the central nodes was introduced.

Among 64 queried DEGs 48 genes were recognized by STRING database. Five hub nodes including; C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), Melanoma growth-stimulatory activity/growth-regulated protein α (CXCL1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and nerve growth factor (NGF) were introduced as hub nodes.

 Findings indicates that inflammation is the main initial target of LDIR in cellular level which is associated with alteration in the other essential functions of the irradiated cells.

Introduction:

 Conventional fractionation (CF) and hypofractionation (HF) are two radiotherapy methods against cancer, which are applied in medicine. Understanding the efficacy and molecular mechanism of the two methods implies more investigations. In the present study, proteomic findings about the mentioned methods relative to the controls were analyzed via network analysis.

The significant differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of prostate cancer (PCa) cell line DU145 in response to CF and HF radiation therapy versus controls were extracted from the literature. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed via the STRING database via Cytoscape software. The networks were analyzed by “NetworkAnalyzer” to determine hub DEPs.

126 and 63 significant DEPs were identified for treated DU145 with CF and HF radiation respectively. The PPI networks were constructed by the queried DEPs plus 100 first neighbors. ALB, CD44, THBS1, EPCAM, F2, KRT19, and MCAM were highlighted as common hubs. VTM, OCLN, HSPB1, FLNA, AHSG, and SERPINC1 appeared as the discriminator hub between the studied cells.

70% of the hubs were common between CF and HF conditions, and they induced radio-resistance activity in the survived cells. Six central proteins which discriminate the function of the two groups of the irradiated cells were introduced. On the basis of these findings, it seems that DU145-CF cells, relative to the DU145-UF cells, are more radio-resistant.

Today, the use of medicinal plants in the cancer treatment due to less side effects has been considered. Silybum marianum is a medicinal herb of Asteraceae, which is used in the treatment of liver diseases and gallbladder diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases. The encapsulation of bioactive materials in nano-liposomes is an effective approach to regulate drug release, increase stability, protect them from environmental reactions, reduce volatility, and increase its effects. The aim of this study was encapsulation of the extract of Silybum marianum in to liposomes and to evaluate the physico-chemical in order to effect on liver cancer cells

In this study, extract of Silybum marianum was prepared by Soxhlet method. Liposomal vesicles were prepared by thin-film hydration method and the extract of Silybum marianum was loaded. Finally, the nanoparticles were assayed for encapsulation efficiency, release profile and physicochemical properties such as particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and FTIR.

Nanoliposome containing Silybum marianum extract had 63.37% encapsulation efficiency and size 122 nm zeta potential -13.1 and the dispersion index 0.197. The release of herbal extract of Silybum marianum was controlled. There is no chemical interaction between the extract and the liposome and is morphologically homogeneous and had a spherical structure.

The results of this study show that the extracts of Silybum marianum can be encapsulated in appropriate size and function in nanoliposomal forms, so liposomes are a suitable carrier for the Silybum marianum extract.

One of the most controversial issues in the development of the natural-heritage-intensive sites is the challenge of conservation and development; on the one hand, development should boost the local economy, on the other hand, it should take care of nature and the environment. One of the most important solutions proposed to preserve human geography and convince local people to continue living in their homeland, is tourism industry. This issue makes the need to build new places and infrastructure more serious. Biophilic architecture and urban planning have been considered as an intelligent response to the impact of the development projects in the context.The purpose of this study is to explain the impacts of the biophilic architecture in the prosperity of tourism and the economic, social and environmental development consequently. The concept is going to be discussed in the framework of the high-performance architecture theory in the historical village of Abyaneh as the case study. In the present study, the ecotourism potentials and capabilities of Abyaneh village have been studied scientifically, along with environmental issues and biocompatible principles, and finally, solutions to move towards sustainable regional development have been presented.

In the research, the survey method is descriptive-analytical, using field studies, and based on the SWOT analytical model and network analysis process (ANP). The statistical population in this study consists of three main groups including local citizens, tourists and authorities. The Cochran's method has been used to determine the population and sample size, which has been selected 130 for people, 100 for tourists and 25 for officials. The results of constructing the SWOT matrix show the accepted strategy and model for reviewing scores and prioritizing them. The set of points and criteria that were considered for the development of tourism in the region has been designed in the form of a questionnaire. This questionnaire was distributed among ordinary people, tourists, as well as officials and managers of organizations responsible for the tourism sector for weighting and prioritizing importance. In the SWOT model, the numerical weighting method is used to achieve the final results. In the mentioned method, the study area is divided into similar sections according to the area and in each section; items such as strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities and their related factors are identified. By weighting each of these factors, the relative position of each part is clarified. Then, according to the obtained scores, each factor is classified and finally, the sum of their means and weights is placed as an indicator for ranking. The weight scores of all external components are summarized in a column, and then according to they have reviewed the overall score of that system.

The present study is at four levels that include factors and sub-factors, goals and alternatives. In fact, the goal of the problem is to achieve the most appropriate strategy and criteria for the problem of matrix factors, which include strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats, are included in the subset of matrix factors. After analyzing the results of calculations related to each of the existing strategies, it was found that investing and planning tourism in historical and cultural sites and paying special attention to the specific customs of the region, paying attention to better access to the region and identifying unique attractions.The tourist in terms of the type of buildings, architecture and texture of the region to increase tourism in the region as the first strategy with a value of 0.34 and respectively planning, design, development and equipping the natural potential of the region to create artificial attractions and Man-made in line with the natural attractions of the environment as well as increasing the use of specialized, experienced and trained forces in the ecotourism sector along with tourist areas with a second rank and a value of 0.26 and educating residents on how to deal with tourists, increase facilities, facilities and Accommodation and welfare equipment and efforts to resolve the cultural conflict between tourists and indigenous people with a third rank and a value of 0.20 and protect the environment and prevent undesirable use of natural and historical attractions and their destruction, protect the destruction of vegetation in the region And reducing water and soil pollution in the tourism and total area These specialized and experienced manpower in the staff and increase efficiency in tourism planning management with the fourth rank and a value equal to 0.17 in terms of weight importance and in order to decide the implementation of the mentioned strategies are in the next ranks.

One of the most controversial issues in villages with valuable heritage, in the natural context, is the challenge of conservation and development; On the one hand, development should boost the local economy, on the other hand, it should take care of nature and the environment. One of the most important solutions proposed to preserve human geography and convince local people to continue living is the prosperity of the tourism industry; this issue makes the need to build new places and infrastructure more serious. Biocompatible architecture and urban planning have been considered as an intelligent response to the impact of the implementation of development projects in the context of human and natural geography. The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of the trend towards biocompatible architecture in the prosperity of natural tourism and thus the development of economic, social and environmental indicators; the concept that excels in the framework of architectural theory is discussed in the example of the historical village of Abyaneh.The achievements of the research show that the emphasis on the natural potentials and ecotourism capabilities of Abyaneh village in a scientific way, along with the observance of environmental issues and the principles of sustainable development; might be called as the best option to outline the development projects in this area. In other words, to promote the tourism industry, the biophilic development can be recommended that focuses on sustainability, the environment, energy efficiency, water preservation and hidden energy; while increasing the number of tourists.

After the advent of Islam, new religious advice based on thinking, reasoning and learning, along with worshiping God, was formed to develop human knowledge and increase knowledge. During this period, the importance of learning and education reached such an extent that the space of mosques, as the main and central place of worship, was also used for education. The encouragement of Islam to acquire knowledge and cognition led to the emergence of circles and gatherings of lessons and discussions in this holy place. Thus, with the increase in the need for teaching and learning space, little by little, religious schools along with mosques were established and underwent changes in different periods.This type of space, in different periods of the history of Iranian architecture to the present day, has continued its life and activities and has provided various dimensions of human needs in accordance with the matter of education and learning.So it can be said one of the most important types of buildings in the Islamic period in Iran are schools, traditional ones. Formation and usage of this spatial type began by establishing buildings from Saljūqee era by the means of Nezamiyehs. This spatial types processed their completion stages and developed and prospered as mosque – schools in Gajar era. From the ending days of this period, by the entering of modernization to Iran and also by the evolution of education, using of this types of architectural spaces was limited and after that, modern schools established with new forms and structures.Considering the mosque schools’ characters and qualities and also their forms, functions and concepts led us to do this article. So in the study of Tabriz city Gajar mosque schools which had not been studied much before, it was tried to analyze and introduce them completely in the most important evolution period in Iran. So In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical and historical methods and by using library and field studies, the characteristics of Tabriz mosque schools in the Qajar period have been studied and also analyzed and compared with the characteristics and innovations of other school mosques in different regions.The investigations of literature reviews reveals the architectural patterns of the schools of this period which have been mentioned by other researchers. All these have been done to answer the main research question about the structure and features of space, as well as the effects of the type of organization of spaces in the creation of patterns.The results of studies show that despite the similarities in the main features and characteristics of the space, the school mosques of Tabriz city is fundamentally different from what is described as the characteristics of the school mosque patterns of this period in other areas and regions. Conclusions and results show that the architects have tried to Utilizing the main spatial features and characteristics , by making changes in other areas patterns, and at the same time they effort to give the best and most appropriate response to environmental conditions, including the climatic conditions of the region.

The determination of radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) dosage in post-operation thyroid residual tissues resection has been largely subject of discussion, yet no concise conclusion is released through systematic review studies. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of comparative experiments to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different prescribed dosages of radioiodine in post-op thyroid residual tissues resection among low, intermediate, and high-risk patients to approve the common method. Using automated searches, studies were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Scopus, and UpToDate, all until April 2021. Alongside the aforementioned sources, comparative experiments were added in for further investigation. Overall, 4000 patients with papillary thyroid cancer, differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), metastasized and non-metastasized thyroid cancer took part in twenty-one trials are assessed. We discovered no significant difference in successful thyroid residual tissues excision between lowactivity and high-activity radioiodine treatment in people with low and intermediate risk. In these individuals, there was no significant difference between the high therapeutic dose of 3700 MBq and the lesser dose of 1850 MBq for RRA. However, high-dose treatment usually yielded superior results. Low activity RRA causes fewer adverse effects in metastasis-free patients than high-activity 3.7 GBq. There was no significant therapeutic difference regarding treatment efficacy in patients with low and moderate risks. However, in patients with high-risk status, applying a high-dose regimen of RRA produced a significantly better response.

Architecture has been recognized as one of the most social arts due to its ‘social’, ‘functional’, ‘media’-driven characteristics, and its ability in symbolizing concepts. This has given a rise to an instrumental view of architecture in political relations and power management of ruling systems. This research employs a critical approach to examine the sociology of architecture as an art.  In this research, the case study includes governmental buildings and the urban space of Tehran city in the first Pahlavi era, which is one of the most significant and influential periods in social and political studies and architecture and urbanism in Iran.

  The main purpose of research is to identify and discover the most hidden factors in creating space and architecture that are directly related to the power structure. This aim will be fulfilled by answering these questions:1- What political and social reasons are behind the structural and spatial changes of architecture during the first Pahlavi era? 2. Is there any connection between the power structure and the creation of space during this time?

This study is fundamental research in terms of purpose, and is based on the data in qualitative research. The data were analyzed based on the critical method and in an interpretive-explanatory format in which artworks, elements, and space creators, were evaluated as data, based on the power relations, apart from their physical characteristics and descriptions.

The research findings indicate a purposeful use of architecture and space production during the first Pahlavi era to reinforce the ideology of ruling power and to establish the related discourse. The space production during this time is the consequence of power relations, and the will of the ruling system to secure its legitimacy and hegemony through a militaristic and authoritarian attitude, besides using a smooth power, controlling the spatial representations, and connecting the architecture to the major discourse of regime to be able to reproduce its power and authority by the mediation of space and architecture.

The challenges toward transition to sustainability require profound structural changes made in socio-technical configurations. Urban living laboratory(ULL) is identified as a platform for utilizing the potential of citizens' lived experience and realizing their participation. Regarding the wholeness principles in landscape architecture, the present study is to show the implementation of ULL using the potentials of ritual landscape as a daily landscape, will facilitate the transition to cultural sustainability and thus urban green contemporization.

With an overview of theoretical foundations based on highperformance architecture theory, documents relating to Jamaran neighborhood were studied. In-depth interviews were conducted with the influential stakeholders of the neighborhood to obtain an adequate awareness of the area. Then, by applying the categories derived from coding the interview sessions and analyzing them by the grounded theory method, the strategies for implementing a ULL in the context of Jamaran neighborhood were investigated.

The findings in Jamaran neighborhood identified categories that during the theorizing process, confirmed the role of ULL as structures in the daily living context of residents in using the potential of ritual landscape to facilitate the transition to sustainable development and thus urban contemporization.

the results indicate that the implementation of a ULL in the traditional Iranian neighborhoods requires full recognition of the decision-making power of locals in processes related to the ritual landscape as a routine procedure and it facilitates the transition to sustainable development. Also, the ULL’s effects on the recognition of indigenous and their tacit knowledge are to be considered.

Sense of place is the factor that transforms a space into a place with special sensory and behavioural characteristicsfor individuals. Place is a sensible and perceptible space associated with memory, of which part of meaning can betraced in human experience and emotions. The key questions addressed in this article are how human beings feelthe environment through form structures, and what physical components and formal factors affect human beings’perception of a place. Finding replies to these questions requires understanding the factors and physical componentscausing sense of place and the effects of such factors and components both on creating sense of place and on oneanother. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effects and roles of architectural forms and structures of anenvironment on creating positive and negative emotions toward a place. To this end, we mention the meanings of suchconcepts as place, sense of place, and physical components being effective in creating sense of place, followed by anelaboration of different types of factors and components as well as their effects on creating sense of place. The datarequired for this study was collected using a descriptive-analytical research method combined with a case study onHafez Garden-Tomb in the north of Shiraz and in the south of the gates of the Quran. The results indicated that boththe physical environment and forms play important roles in creating sense of place through specific mechanisms. Inaddition, the findings of the case study showed that the structural form of Hafez Garden-Tomb consists of componentshaving effects not only on the sense associated with the place but also on other factors creating sense of place.

Neighborhood parks play an important role in the relationship between people and the nature. In fact, vegetation and planting are the most important motivations for attendance of and recreations available in parks. For improvement of the quality of green spaces in neighborhood parks and enhancement of public participation, it is necessary to design the park landscape with respect to people’s preferences and their perceptions of the desired landscape, while there are some shortcomings in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate people’s visual preferences in order to optimally design vegetation in neighborhood parks. A neighborhood park is a small green space (about two hectares large) with a penetration radius of about one kilometer, and it is readily accessible on foot from residential areas. The present research aimed to study these preferences in the field of spatial configuration of vegetation based on a visual scale. The visual scale is an important, effective feature in the creation of confinement and control of visual access. In this study, the underlying factors of age, gender, and socio-economic class differences were considered. Due to the difference in economic level in the northern and southern regions of Tehran, neighborhood parks in these two regions and their users were selected for evaluation. Five neighborhood parks in each region were considered purposefully.

The method adopted in the present research was a combination of the qualitative and quantitative approaches. First, the spatial configuration of vegetation in the creation of different types of visual scale was investigated, and five categories of visual scale were identified. Images were provided of the vegetation compositions of neighborhood parks with high income levels (region 1) and low income levels (region 18). After consultation with the elite, the images were categorized based on a variety of visual scales. The visual questionnaire consisted of two images for each visual scale, where landscape desirability was examined with a Likert scale. Using random sampling, 363 people who visited neighborhood parks in the two areas of Tehran (District 1 and District 18) completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS. After their collection, the homogeneity of variance was first examined through the Levin variance homogeneity test for comparison of the user preferences in terms of the type of landscape, and the results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the variances of the variables in the groups (PS ˂ 0.05). Therefore, one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the studied variables between the groups, and the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to control Type I error if there was a significant difference between the opinions.

The results of the present research indicated that there were different visual preferences for the images. Thus, the closed visual scale and open visual scale between all the groups were undesirable, as well as the semi-open visual scale and open visibility under canopy landscape between all the participating groups. Among the studied underlying factors (difference in the income levels in the regions, age, and gender), gender exhibited little effect on the formation of the landscape preferences, and women preferred more enclosed landscapes.

The results of this research demonstrated given the desirability of semi-open images that the spatial configuration of vegetation formed through planting and pruning should not allow for any visual barrier in the foreground layer while planting at the observer’s line of vision is obstructed in the background layer and sporadically in the middle layer. Moreover, it is desirable for plant height to be less than the observer’s line of vision and for tree canopies to be placed at heights greater than the observer’s visibility in the background layer. Due to the desirability of open visibility under canopy images, it is possible to provide favorable climatic conditions through selection of a combination of canopy umbrella trees of two types, fallow and non-fallow, which also allows for wide visual access. Due to the unfavorable landscape of the closed view, it is not appropriate to practice such planting at the observer’s line of vision in the foreground layer of the view. It is also necessary to avoid open visual scale design, where the coating exhibits low density in all the three layers. Regarding the influence of underlying factors, it can be stated that the landscape preferences for optimal visual access were almost the same for the different groups, but the women were more inclined to prefer semi-open visual-scale images due to the need for privacy and security, and images with closed vision were less favorable for them. Thus, the proposed species could be proposed given their heights for all the three layers of foreground, middle ground and background, according to the obtained patterns. The present study took the first steps in landscape planning based on awareness of public preferences, and these findings provide practical solutions for landscape planting design.

This article has been taken from a doctoral dissertation entitled Promoting Cultural Services of Urban Green Spaces Based on the Visual Assessment of Landscape: A Case Study of Urban Parks in Tehran, developed by the first author under the supervision of the second author and the advisory of the third author in the Faculty of Art of Tarbiat Modares University. The dissertation has enjoyed financial and spiritual support from the Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center as a research project.

It is to achieve practical criteria for designing and improving the quality of social behavior settings in accordance with the spatial qualitative values of social behavior settings in neighborhood parks and considering the components affecting the quality of the behavior settings with a holistic approach (objective-subjective) which include objective and subjective criteria which lack of proper attention to them, overshadows the overall function of the park spaces. Based on the Persian garden lessons, it can strengthen social interactions.

This study was based on fieldwork with an analytical-descriptive approach. Quantitative analysis tools of indicators include questionnaires and cognitive maps to examine objective and subjective criteria from the landscaping perspective in behavior settings and the objective quality of space is evaluated by the syntactic indicators of space syntax.

Findings indicate that among the objective criteria of place in behavior settings of neighborhood parks in the 5th district of Tehran, safety and social activities and also among the subjective components of place, security and sociability in the physical quality of the park have higher priority.

The results show that People use spatial places that are designed openly and adjacent to active social settings as subjective settings without regard to physical values. Numerical intervals obtained from modeling in the depthmap show the attention of designers to the shape of ground in the design of park and lack of attention to spatial quality of behavioral settings, which is directly related to security and sociability of the park.

Modern semiotics has opened new avenues for research in various fields of science, and it has expanded the process of analysis in different branches by providing models. It seems that semiotics can provide a framework for landscape architects.

This research seeks to discover the relationship between semiotics and landscape architecture to develop a framework for the analysis and design of landscape architecture based on semiotics.

This article employs the comparative method to analogize a landscape to a text and semiotics to a text analysis tool. Using a descriptive-analytical method, it examines and analyzes the basic concepts, opinions, and divisions of experts in the field of semiotics and proposes combined models for analysis and design.

Preparing a mixed three-dimensional model, which studies thephysical, semantic and audience-based dimensions of the landscape in relation to each other for landscape studies, based on the Peirce and Hjelmslev models, is one of the findings of the study. It has also applied Wang’s extended model of Hjelmslev in studies of physical and Meaning dimensions. It is a three-step pattern for finding the meaning of a landscape or giving it meaning.