technique

Due to the high costs of financial distress and bankruptcy and the importance of timely prediction of financial distress to take corrective actions, this study examines the research related to the prediction models of financial distress and bankruptcy in Iran and other countries. This study is a review of research that examines 102 research in Iran and 298 research in other countries during the years 1930-2023, describing theories and analyzing the nature, trend, composition, and periods of using models and presenting practical and research recommendations. The results indicate an upward trend of research in Iran, while it is declining in other countries. The noteworthy point is the use of various combinations of models and techniques in other countries is more diverse than in Iran, and the prominence of intelligent models that are based on evolutionary calculations. The research concludes by providing executive and research recommendations. The recommendations include diversifying predicting techniques, emphasizing models based on evolutionary computing algorithms, paying attention to the predictions after the crisis, developing special models for small and medium-sized companies, separating the criteria for recognizing financial distress and bankruptcy in the Tehran Stock Exchange, making dynamic predictions, and developing more focused and specialized models to increase accuracy. This study addresses the shortcomings of past research, provides more up-to-date information and insights on the dynamic predictions, compares these studies in Iran to other countries, and provides some executive recommendations and research topics based on the results.

Financial distress indicates that a company is approaching bankruptcy and the vast and profound negative effects of bankruptcy on society, necessitate reviewing bankruptcy prediction models. Therefore, predicting financial distress in its early stages can inform the stakeholders of companies about their future possible losses (Zhou et al, 2023). Global crises like the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have forced even very strong international companies to continuously monitor their financial situation (Woodlock & Dangol, 2014; Hassan, 2022; Papik & Papikova, 2023). These environmental dynamics require reforms and more accurate predicting methods for the financial health of enterprises, (Brygala, 2022) especially for small and medium-sized companies, which have weaker financial resources (Ciampi et al. 2021; Mirza et al., 2023). While existing literature reviews are often outdated or limited in scope, this study addresses these gaps by comprehensively analyzing the models and techniques used for predicting financial distress and bankruptcy in Iran and other countries from 1930 to 2023. Furthermore, the study compares the nature, trends, composition, and periods of use of predicting models in Iran and other countries and offers insights for future research.

Systematic review refers to examining, criticizing, and evaluating a specific research topic, extracting and interpreting data from published articles, and analyzing, and describing results based on clear evidence (Lasserson et al., 2020). It generates highly credible, low-bias, and quality scientific research documents (Yetley et al., 2016). This meta-analysis research systematically evaluates financial distress and bankruptcy prediction models by analyzing 102 studies from Iran and 298 from other countries from 1932 to 2023. Data were sourced from reputable Iranian and international databases and journals, including Emerald, Science Direct, and ProQuest. The study aims to rectify previous shortcomings, update information, and offer new research avenues based on the findings of this review.

In Iran, financial distress prediction studies that started in 2001 shows a rising trend, encompassing 13 studies conducted during 1968-2007 and 89 studies during 2007-2023. Financial distress prediction research in other countries started in 1932 and has shown a declining trend in recent years including 10 studies conducted during 1932-1968, 217 studies in 1968-2007, and 71 studies during 2007-2023. The 102 predicting techniques in Iran during 2001-2023 consisted of 43 statistical models, 40 intelligent models, 17 combined models, and 2 other models such as Data Envelopment Analysis and judgmental, etc. However, 298 studies in other countries include 117 statistical models, 125 intelligent models, 25 combined models, 21 theoretical models, and 10 other models such as Data Envelopment Analysis and judgmental, etc. Among the 102 papers from Iran, 61.76% introduced modified or new models, while 87.5% of global research presented innovative models. Techniques used globally from 1930 to 2023 include statistical, intelligent, hybrid, judgmental, and other models. Statistical models dominated earlier, however, intelligent models, particularly those inspired by animal collective intelligence, gained prominence and attention for their high accuracy.

Iranian research on predicting financial distress and bankruptcy exhibits an upward trend, while global research has been declining recently. The results verify that intelligent models like neural networks and genetic algorithms, notably those inspired by animal collective intelligence such as the ant algorithm, and the firefly algorithm, the bird algorithm, demonstrated higher prediction accuracy than statistical models such as multiple discriminant analysis, logistic regression, probit, and theoretical models. Successful intelligent models, which widely used recently and exhibited a higher accuracy, include gradient boosting models (Jones, 2017), machine learning methods (Chen et al., 2023), and models based on collective intelligence such as the firefly algorithm (Bayat et al., 1997). Among the statistical techniques, the nonlinear logistic regression techniques demonstrated a high level of accuracy (Lohmann et al., 2022; Lohmann & Mollenhoff, 2023). In addition, 61.76% of 102 models from Iran and 87.5% of 298 articles abroad were innovative models. Recommendations include diversifying predicting techniques, emphasizing models that are based on evolutionary computing algorithms, attention to the necessity of post-crisis predictions, developing tailoring models for SMEs, separating criteria for financial distress and bankruptcy recognition in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the necessity of adopting dynamic predictions and (Lohmann & Molenoff, 2023) developing focused and industry-focused models for enhanced accuracy (Nazmi Ardakani et al., 2017).

Tourism is a significant sector of the global economy that is highly influenced by climatic conditions. One of the key elements in the development of tourism in any region is having favorable climatic conditions and identifying desirable tourist destinations. Fars Province, due to its natural heritage, diverse climatic features, historical and cultural attractions, has great potential to boost the tourism industry. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine desirable tourism development zones based on climatic indicators. The present research method is descriptive-analytical. The Fuzzy-ANP technique and ARC GIS-Super Decision software were used to analyze the tourism development pattern in this province. The results of the evaluation of the study indicators show that the monthly average temperature index, with a weight of 0.239, has the most significant impact. The monthly average precipitation and relative humidity indexes have obtained the second and third positions of influence with values of 0.157 and 0.143, respectively. In the end, the assigned digital layers were combined using the Fuzzy Overlay operation and the summation function to determine the final value of each pixel based on the assigned weights. The calculated weight in the final map represents the classification of the regional climate comfort pattern of Fars Province. Using the classification of natural breaks, the final classification is divided into 5 classes, ranging from undesirable climate comfort to highly desirable climate comfort. The largest area of the province is assigned to zones with desirable potential (38.2). Undesirable tourism potential zones cover nearly 35% of the province's area, ranking second in this classification. In general, considering zones with very desirable and desirable tourism potential, nearly 45% of the area of Fars Province has excellent potential for tourism development. Counties located in the eastern, southeastern, northern, and northeastern parts of the province also have undesirable tourism climate comfort. 

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in the second half of the twentieth century. The tourism industry is often used as a key driver of economic growth in both developed and developing countries, contributing the most significant and rapid growth among various economic sectors. Factors influencing tourism include geographic location, topography, scenery, plant and animal cover, and climate, but it is the climate that determines the attractiveness of a tourism region. Unfortunately, like many other provinces in the country, Fars Province suffers from the phenomenon of centralization and spatial injustice. Several counties, particularly those close to the provincial center, face issues such as the lack of necessary facilities and services, unemployment, and high rates of migration. Many of the region's potentials, especially its tourism capacities, are underutilized due to lack of awareness, inadequate logical planning, and insufficient investment in various sectors, making them less recognized and often overlooked. What appears in Fars Province reflects an unfavorable image of inequality and underutilization of tourism potentials, especially in comparison to the national level, indicating that proper and rational utilization of the province's tourism sector has not been realized. In this regard, there is a need for a review and reorganization of this sector in all counties of the province to create a logical and balanced regional structure.

In terms of research methodology, this study is descriptive-analytical, which is practically applicable in tourism planning. To prepare climate indices affecting Fars Province's tourism, a documentary study method was used. A comparison between climate indices and their impact was made based on the opinions of 15 academic elites. The selection criteria for these elites included theoretical expertise, practical experience, willingness, research participation capability, and accessibility. Initially, spatial data were digitized, and then, based on the existing conditions and the factors under investigation, the indices were compared pairwise using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) model within the Super Decision software. Subsequently, data matching and analysis were conducted using the fuzzy logic model in the ARC GIS environment, and the final map for the development of tourism in Fars Province based on climate indices was extracted in the GIS environment.

n this current study, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique has been used for prioritizing and evaluating climate indicators.The results of the evaluation of the study indicators show that the average monthly temperature index, with a weighted value of 0.239, has assigned itself the top rank of effectiveness. The average monthly precipitation and average relative humidity indices have respectively obtained the second and third ranks of effectiveness with values of 0.157 and 0.143.In the end, the digital layers with assigned weights have been combined using the Fuzzy Overlay operation and the summation function to determine the final value of each pixel based on the assigned weights. The calculated weight values in the final map categorize the regional climate comfort pattern in Fars province. Using natural break classification, the final classification is divided into 5 classes from undesirable climate comfort to very desirable climate comfort. The highest area of the province is allocated to areas with desirable tourism potential (38.2). Areas with undesirable tourism potential cover nearly 35% of the province's area, ranking next in this classification. In general, it can be said that considering areas with very desirable and desirable tourism potential, nearly 45% of Fars province has excellent potential for tourism development. Additionally, the results indicate that Shiraz city, part of Estahban, Marvdasht, and Sepidan counties, have the highest level of desirability for regional tourism comfort, which is specified in the final map with a blue color coding. The second position in terms of desirability for regional tourism comfort is held by Sepidan (north of the province), Fasa, Jahrom (central part of the province), Ghir and Karzin, Mehr, the southern part of Kazeron county, Farashband, Khonj (western part of the province), Garash and Lar (southern part of the province), which are marked in green in the classification map. Counties located in the eastern, southeastern, northern, and northeastern parts of the province such as Abadeh, Khorrambid, Eghlid, Bavanat (due to the cold climate in these areas), Neyriz, Darab, Zarrindasht, and parts of Laristan (extreme heat and low humidity) occupy the third position and are considered to have undesirable regional tourism comfort.

Results of Tourism Classification in Fars Province Based on Climate Indicators: The results of tourism classification in Fars Province based on climate indicators demonstrate that Shiraz city, a part of Estahban, Marvdasht, and Sepidan counties, have the highest level of desirability for regional tourism comfort. Consequently, in these areas, several significant benefits can be realized. Firstly, they can create more motivation for environmental conservation. Secondly, these regions, based on their higher desirability for climate comfort, have better access to natural and economic resources, which can contribute to sustainable community development. Furthermore, this can aid in ensuring food security, poverty reduction, and maintaining the overall health of the community, all of which are aspects of sustainable development. The majority of the province's area is allocated to regions with desirable tourism potential (38.2). Areas with undesirable tourism potential cover nearly 35% of the province's area, ranking next in this classification. In general, it can be said that considering areas with very desirable and desirable tourism potential, nearly 45% of Fars Province has excellent potential for tourism development.Additionally, certain regions in the eastern, southeastern, northern, and northeastern parts of the province also possess undesirable regional tourism comfort. Therefore, for these areas, the following recommendations can be made:Cultural Tourism: In regions with unique historical and cultural significance, such as Firozabad, cultural and historical tours can be organized. Introducing historical sites and important cultural locations can attract tourists interested in history and culture.Rural Tourism: Many areas in the province boast picturesque rural landscapes and villages. Offering the experience of rural life for tourists, including stays in local homes, participation in daily rural activities, and sampling local foods and beverages, can be promoted.Environmental Tourism: In many areas of the province, there are medicinal plants and sensitive ecosystems that can be leveraged for promoting eco-tourism. Emphasizing environmental conservation and providing education on protection can attract tourists interested in the environment.Local Events Promotion: Hosting local festivals and events can increase tourist attraction. The introduction of local cuisines, music, handicrafts, and local traditions can be attention-grabbing, particularly in most of the province's villages.Hosting Events and Festivals: Gardens and green spaces are often utilized for hosting festivals, exhibitions, concerts, and various events that can create unique tourist attractions. Many cities in the province, including Qir and Karzin, Jahrom, and Sepidan, have gardens and, therefore, possess significant potential in this regard.

Background and Abuse of human rights concepts in the form of women's freedoms is a type of psychological operation that takes place on the Instagram social network. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the techniques of psychological operations in the Instagram social network, focusing on women's freedoms. The research method is practical in terms of its purpose and mixed with exploratory type in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the qualitative part included key informants and law enforcement and judicial experts, and the statistical population of the quantitative part included law enforcement, judicial experts, and virtual space activists as the second layer, numbering 72 people. The method of collecting information was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire containing 24 questions in the quantitative part. Theoretical saturation was achieved by conducting 9 interviews, and due to the small number of the population, quantitative sampling was also considered. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the interviews from thematic analysis and the data collected from the questionnaires. In psychological operations with the topic of "mandatory hijab", the way of oppressing is the first priority of psychological operations centered on women's freedoms on Instagram. After that, the method of "not showing all the facts and stating the facts" in the topic of "violence against women" and the method of "inducing sadness and grief" in the topic of "women entering the stadium", respectively, in the second and third priorities of psychological operations on Instagram with a focus Women's freedoms are placed. six topics "mandatory hijab", "violence against women", "women entering the stadium", "talking about rape", "equality between men and women", "freedom of female prisoners" are the priority of psychological operations in the Instagram space and for every A different psychological operation technique has been used.

This study aims to analyze the governance patterns in Iran before and after the Iran-Russia wars, and their relationship with the environment. Two major governance patterns and two different rationalities in the exercise of power, in terms of method, scope, and perspective, are discussed. Using a descriptive-analytical approach and documents, the governance process is examined from the perspective of Michel Foucault's governmentality framework, and the relationship between the environment, politics, and the formation of a new rationality in governance in Iran is explored. The research question is: "How did the formation and establishment of new governance mechanisms and techniques in Iran after the Iran-Russia wars take place, and what impact did it have on the relationship between the environment, politics, and the formation of new governance innovations in Iran? " The study argues that "with an awareness of the failure of governance based on the monarchy system, reformists gradually exposed society to the power of control and guidance of the population by creating new techniques and institutions, and established new governance innovations. " In general, two strategies can be identified in the administration of the territory after the Iran-Russia wars: the traditional strategy of the monarchy based on divine-political obligation and the strategy of new governance innovations based on new techniques, each leaving a different form of the relationship between the environment and politics in terms of the mode of exercising power, the scope of power, and the control perspective.

The purpose of this study was to present a series of group schema therapy techniques. A research method was used and data collection was done with a qualitative approach through a review method. The official website of SID, IranDoc, Iran Medex, Ensani Portal, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed were used to search for resources. After searching keywords, the statistical population of this study included 94 articles and 7 books published between 2012 and 2021. A total of 13 articles and 5 books met the criteria to be included in the analysis. The results show 21 techniques from articles and 54 techniques from books. While cognitive techniques were the most common in the articles, the most common techniques in the books were of the experimental type. A review of the internal papers in this study revealed that less attention was paid to experimental techniques. Since experimental techniques play a constructive role in achieving therapeutic goals, the use of experimental techniques can be an effective step in treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that more attention be paid to experimental techniques in group schema therapy.

Typology of political thought is one of the main functions of political theory. Focus on formal aspect of political thought on the one hand, and on the other side of its nature, having common standards that with rely on it, political theory typifies political thought. While formal aspect of political theory has centralized upon origin and time and date of ideas, its substantial aspect has focused on content and concepts of political thought. Typology of political thought, based on the relation among concepts of ethic and politics, regardless of formal aspect, has centralized on its substantial aspect. This article aims to investigate typology of political thought in the West by Habermas’ political theory, based on relation between ethics and politics. Habermas, with relying on mentioned relation, has divided political thought in the West to classical and modern periods. In his view, in the classical political thought, ethics and politics revolve around the concept of happiness, but, in modern times, politics becomes the control and the conductor of human relations. This way, politics is separated from ethics.

The present paper seeks to review how narration and different cinema techniques are used and applied in the genre of docudrama.

The data have been analyzed using descriptive-analytical method. Neoformalism approach has been used as a qualitative analysis method to analyze the capacities of narration and technique in two docudrama of "Istadeh dar Qobar" (Standing in the Dust) and "Pedar Taleqani" (father Taleqani) about the reflection of Islamic Revolution.

Such film makers as Mahdawian and Movahhid Doost in two docudramas of "Istadeh dar Qobar" (Standing in the Dust) and "Pedar Taleqani" have had relatively acceptable performance in reflecting the history of Islamic Revolution properly, using two key elements of "narration" and "technique".

A neoformalistic analysis of these two docudramas show that film makers can greatly use the maximal capacity in the form of docudrama to make the features of events and key personalities of Islamic Revolution plausible, deep, and recognized.

. The Symposium by Plato, best known in Persian as Ziāfat, is the scene of dialogue in a banquet held by Agathon, the tragic poet, on the special occasion of celebrating the prize for his first tragedy in 416 B.C. In this symposium, every attendee, including Phaedrus, Pausanias, Eryximachus, Aristophanes, Agathon, and Socrates, gives a speech about Eros, respectively. Eros is known in Greek culture as Love or desire _ especially sexual and personified as the God of love. Two of Plato’s most famous dialogues focus on understanding Eros, the Symposium and the Phaedrus. (Preus, 2007→Eros)
The cause for comparing Nizami's Khosrow and Shirin and Plato's Symposium in this essay is their shared fictive patterns, except for similar themes that exist in both of them. The title of Hakim for Nizami, the sixth-century well-known poet and storyteller, indicates that he had a good grasp of common sciences of his age of which philosophy and Hekmat (wisdom) were basics. And this interest in philosophy can be seen in Iskendernāme and his other works like Khosrow and Shirin.
 
2.In the article, the perspectives of Plato and Nizami toward the arts in the Symposium and Khosrow and Shirin have been analyzed by library research method and content analysis. At first, the process of creating figures of speech that result from the unity of reason (Logos) and love (Eros), and then the importance of various rhetorical figures were studied in these two works.
 
3.There is a kind of social forces assemblage in Plato’s Symposium and Nizami’s Khosro and Shirin; each has a specific thought method about Eros (love) as well as a romantic relationship. Love brings people of different viewpoints together to communicate with each other. Even Techne or technique is one of the significant issues in the Symposium, including a kind of sense, consciousness, and love, which helps the human to create artworks. On the other hand, even in Khosrow and Shirin, love is observed in all types of arts; music, painting, architecture, poetry, and politics are all manifestations of Eros. So, “Techne” or “technique” and its relation to “Eros” or “love” is one of the subjects to study in both works.
In the present study, Plato and Nizami’s views have been analyzed on the techniques in the Treatise of Symposium and Khosrow and Shirin. First, the process of techniques’ creation, obtained from the association of reason (Logos) and love (Eros), and then the importance  of techniques’types in these two works have been studied.
 
4.
The perspective of Islamic philosophers about arts (different kinds of Techne) can be divided into verbal and non-verbal areas. Indeed, verbal arts are five Arts (five functions of the language in Aristotle’s view) following logic. And non-verbal arts are crafts, following ethics, under the branch of political philosophy.
According to Plato’s Symposium, the perception of rational imageries and the distinction between good and evil are manifested with the advent of Eros. When a human falls into love with someone for the first time, his/her obsession or object of love is perceivable with external senses, concretely and partially. But this love in human beings gives rise to the distinction because a lover always sees the beloved better and superior than others. The distinction of “superlatives,” that comes with love, in higher stages entails recognition of universals and the advent of philosophy by which one distinguishes between the data of estimative faculty and the data of rational faculty and does not get caught in the trap of fancies. Issues expressed in Khosrow and Shirin have a similar pattern to those of Plato’s Symposium examined in this article.
In both the Symposium and Khosrow and Shirin, with the advent of love, the discriminating faculty that is the reason is created in person, and the other arts are manifested following that. Love (Eros) is like a midwife that brings forth the reason (Logos); Thus, the reason is the logos or the rational soul connecting love with the arts because love (Eros) takes the monstrous reason to the actual stage. And the manifestation of various arts is one of the results of love’s advent and the actualism of reason. Nizami in Khosrow and Shirin has entered fiction from the viewpoint of utopias. And it has such priority that at the beginning of the debate between Khosrow and Farhad when Farhad introduces himself as belonging to the state of love and friendship, the first question that Khosrow asks him is about the craft of his fellow citizens.

The aim of the present paper is to present an appropriate framework to explain the position of each marketing concept and determine the significance of tourism marketing among marketing concepts, in terms of approach, technique and paradigm. To do so and in the first step, functional and important concepts of marketing were identified using ultra-combination method. In order to determine the position of tourism marketing among marketing concepts, multiple-stage Delphi technique was employed. Research population consists of a mixture of academic experts in marketing in and outside the country. The sample size in the second phase of the study was determined to be 26. Finally, through data analyses via single-variable t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the concepts were classified based on methodological levels, and tourism marketing was placed in paradigm category based on the conducted tests and the experts' opinions. Then, using TOPSIS, the position of tourism marketing was determined.

Satire and making use of satire techniques have existed throughout the literary history of Iran and many storytellers have used this feature and one of the important events that has taken place in the realm of Persian literature is the entry of satire into the domain of Holy Defense Literature. One of the authors of this type of fiction is Mehrdad Sedghi, a young author who has eight satire books in his repertoire so far, and here one of these eight works (Cardamom Candy) has been analyzed in terms of techniques of writing satire. In the first place, this article is concerned with recognition and categorization of all the techniques in the creation of satire and then analyzes such techniques in Cardamom Candy. The findings of the study indicate that the intended work has taken advantage of all satire techniques and in the categorization of techniques, the work has tended more towards the techniques belonging to the second category, i.e. the techniques which are based on language content and such techniques have more frequency in this regard, and in a more detailed and precise manner, it can be concluded that character-oriented techniques from the indices of the techniques based on language content have occurred much stronger and with more potentiality.

Übermensch is one of Nietzsche’s most famous and also most controversial thoughts. Controversies around it are mostly the consequence of the complexity and obscurity of the very idea. In this article, examining Nietzsche’s writings in line with Heidegger’s reading of his work, first, I explore the deep interrelation between the concepts of Übermensch and “the Eternal Recurrence of the same”. Then, I demonstrate the unique role of the Übermensch in the gathering of Nietzsche’s two great ideas – “Eternal Recurrence” and “will to power”; I argue that for Nietzsche, the Übermensch is identical with the pure reality. Next, I explicate Heidegger’s interpretation of this reality, and the relation between technique and Übermensch; in accordance with this interpretation, I argue that Nietzsche’s Übermensch and Heidegger’s essence of technique -Gestell- are thoughts concerned with the same issue. Following that, I state that “the Eternal Recurrence of the Same” is the metaphysical articulation of consumption and represents the emergence of the world in the frame of technique.

The Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created a crisis rooted in the foundations of the modern West. The fundamental question of the research is what crisis does the Frankfurt School identify in modern society and what solution does it offer to get out of it? The research hypothesis explains that the Frankfurters studied the crisis of "alienation" by studying modernity, and made statements such as mechanism, technology, instrumental reason, the culture industry, impossible art, media, capitalism, scientism, positivism, bureaucracy, and various ideologies. No exclusion-they knew the causes of the crisis. Cases that can be considered in two categories of higher causes and causal causes (causes that are both born and the cause of alienation). Their opinion leads minus the characteristics of the existing society and is worthy of dialectical cognition, that is, rational and extremely free societies. Technology is placed in its main dignity, that is, instrumentality, so that through this, man can get out of the state of objectification and become one with his original nature. Also, in the forthcoming research, Thomas Spragen’s Crisis Theory, the theoretical framework and the basis of discussion have been established.

Abstract Most contemporary poets are looking for new space, new forms He has used architectural art, calligraphy, painting, cinema, fiction, and so on she has used architectural art, calligraphy, painting, cinema, fiction, and so on. The poet creates lyrics with a truth-telling statement, sometimes symbolism or romanticism. To extend the semantic fields, illustrations, symbolism, realism He has devoted to writing poetry, writing, cinematic, surprise, scene, dream, dream statement, news reporting, suspension, and more. It deals with writing and writing, writing, cinematic, surprise, scene, dream, dream, dream statement, news reports, suspensions, and more. Which has succeeded in using new designs in much of its structure, the arts, the expression of intentions, and the revealing of the emotional and emotional nodes of contemporary human beings. The purpose of this article is to identify the poems of Simin Behbahani. To make the reader more aware of the art and power of inducing his meanings and illustrations.

Urban tourism is a term that describes various tourism activities in which the city is the main destination and desired location. Today, the tourism industry as one of the top industries is growing and developing rapidly. Despite the rich resources and tourism opportunities in Iran, little attention is paid to the tourism industry. Since sustainable development is referred to as a steady stream, economic, cultural and social changes to increase the level of environmental well-being of society, which seeks unity in economic, socio-cultural and environmental issues. Sustainable development is a development that can meet the needs of the present generation without destroying or damaging the needs and wants of future generations. The historical context of Dezful is one of the most important parts of the city's identity and its origin follows information from climatic and cultural structures. Urban areas, which in the past were prominent places for production, have now become centers of consumption. For many cities, this shift in attitude leads to an emphasis on the tourism industry as the engine of economic growth and, consequently, to the social and physical revitalization of the old urban fabric. The old texture of Dezful, by including the old market of the city and including historical elements, not only did not help the sustainable economy of the city, but as an inefficient part of the city away from sustainable development. In fact, sustainable urban tourism is a new approach in revitalizing these spaces, so in the nature of the present research is developmental-applied and in terms of research method (descriptive-analytical-library-field) through the VIKOR and AHP techniques to study and recognize the elements of tourism. The 28 neighborhoods of Dezful texture were studied and based on the level of desirability, dissatisfaction and VIKOR index; we reached the final ranking for the old texture neighborhoods of Dezful. The purpose of this ranking is to better and more accurately identify the study area to measure and optimize the route of tourism.

In the age of globalization and competition for cities to attract citizens, investors and tourists, the importance of the image of the city and how it was perceived was emphasized. In this era, branding is a great opportunity for cities to focus on the concept of image of the city and use different tools to promote it and attract different audiences in order to economic and social goals. The purpose of this study was to assess the perception of audiences (experts, citizens and tourists) of Bushehr and to evaluate different branding tools in its formation. In this study, first, by qualitative approach and analyzing research literature, identified different components and techniques in branding and then by field study and questionnaire using compare means one-way ANOVA in SPSS software, elements of mental image formation of Bushehr city and differences between groups have been studied. Based on the research literature, the four axes of physical structure, socio-cultural characteristics, facilities and infrastructure, and advertising of branding tools are introduced. The results show that cultural and social indicators (3.25), facilities and infrastructure (3.14) had the highest impact on the individuals mind, and physical structure (2.94) and media advertising (2.03) had the least impact, there was also a significant difference between the three groups of tourists, citizens and experts. Considering the results of this study to enhance the image of Bushehr city from exterior (tourists) and interior (citizens and others) using physical intervention tools to improve the physical space of the city including urban design and landscape along with the use of advertising and Media is essential.

Although more than two decades have passed since the publication of the first edition of The Logical Relationship between Religion and Applied Sciences, this book is still one of the most coherent and accurate works that shows the position of this intellectual current. The author of the book has tried to show the position of the Academy of Islamic Sciences on these issues, considering the academic literature on topics such as science, technology and development. So this book was seen for proper introduction and critique.In this article, we have shown that the author of the book does not have much control over the latest controversies in the field of science and religion studies - even in contemporary Iran. Today's controversy, which has challenged European-Christian hegemony based on the study of science and religion, could open a new space for a different view of the relationship between religion, culture, and technology. Therefore, it is expected that the author will write the second edition of the book, considering the latest achievements of contemporary scientology and theology.

Nomadic woven and specifically qashqai, his most important visual art is. the authenticity of these woven materials consists of aesthetic identity(design, motif and coloring and technical (technique and dyeing). an important part of face making and identity weaves country different tribes is duty weave techniques. qashqai weaves has a wide variety of techniques that a large part of them, has lost its application or dimmed. this article is a thorough field study and in relation to the description, analysis, classification and introduction of various techniques weave it is among qashqai tribes. weave techniques is the most important element in the woven system which is the main factor in weaving a work and creation design and motifs.because without the technique, there is no handwoven. research results it's like this : the qashqai woven fabrics are divided into five layers of poudnema, taarnema, souzani, and combined, according to the technique and texture structure.the usual technique used in qashqai knitting system is includes loulbaft(half and full loul), smooth weave(smooth poudshol and smooth poudseft), twist and combined. from porzdar woven can be attentioned to carpet and gabbeh and podnema(smooth poudshol) to gelim and charkh and tanemaha(smooth poudseft) to jajim, palas, oyee, sheshe derme, jajim morakab nafi, and souzanies to davrechin(varounechinbafi), and rend(jajimgol va sibama), and combined(porzdar, smooth baft, twist baft to torkaman naaghsh(ghalibori) and ghachmeh.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity & reliability of Persian Version The Coaching Efficacy Scale-2. For this purpose, 250 men and women Coachs in three skills level from tow filed (team sport and individual) girls were chosen by Purposeful sampling and completed the Scale. At first data was confirmed with use of translation- retranslation, face validity and translation accuracy methods. For scale construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis and for scale's internal constancy and also infraclass correlations coefficient temporal stability, Cranach alpha coefficient was used. The results show that the model fit index (RMSEA, 0.055; CFI, 0.95 & TLI, 0.94), Internal consistency (Motivation 0.85, Game Strategy 0.85, Technique 0.79, Character building 0.85 and Physical conditioning 0.86 and the total scale 0.79) and temporal stability (Motivation 0.81, Game Strategy 0.79, Technique 0.79, Character building 0.83, Physical conditioning 0.78 and the total scale 0.79) showed Persian Version the Coaching Efficacy Scale-2 have good ralibilitay and validity.These findings indicated good validity and reliability for the Persian version of the Coaching Efficacy Scale-2. Therefore, the Persian Version the Coaching Efficacy Scale-2 can be employed as a tool to study and evaluate the Efficacy of Iranian men and women Coachs.

Prosperity is a vast concept that has been proposed by united nations in 2012 in relation with balanced and harmonic development in an environment with fairness and justice. This concept has been introduced by united nations with six varieties: 1- Efficiency 2- Environmental sustainability 3- Justice and social participation 4- Quality of life 5- Infrastructure development 6- Urban governance and legislation. On the other had the concept of accessibility has been proposed by the majority of urban planning Theorist, as a significant criteria in promoting quality of urban life index. In this research with a descriptive – analytic approach the effects of this index in improvement of urban prosperity index has been explored. The statistical society of this research includes all citizens of 11 regions of Shiraz city that the sample’s volume has been defined 384 people with Cocran formula. For further more certainty, 10 percent has been added to samples’ volume and finally 421 people from citizens filled the questionnaire. For data analysis and measurement of urban prosperity index and accessibility in regions, confirmatory factor analysis method with structural equation modeling softwares such as AMOS, LISREL have been utilized. Exploring urban prosperity models proved that it is possible to consider accessibility indexes as a part of urban prosperity index. Accessibility indexes have an acceptable effect on urban prosperity indexes and caused urban prosperity models’ fitness to improve.