جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اکوکاردیوگرافی » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare echocardiographic, radiographic and blood findings of dogs with uremic pericardial effusion. The study was conducted on 6 terrier dog. After examination, the dogs were equally divided into two groups: patient (uremic pericardial effusion) and control (without any cardiac disorders). All dogs were recorded to evaluate echocardiography, radiography, kidney biochemistry and blood factors. The results of radiography showed that the shadow of the heart of all patient dogs is round and large. There is a statistically significant difference between the echocardiographic factors measured in the two factors of ejection fraction and the pericardial fluid between groups (Respectively P=0.05 and 0.001). The average hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and MCV in the patient group were significantly lower than the control group (Respectively P=0.04, 0.01 and 0.01). Also, the Mean of Urea and BUN in the patient group was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.02). In addition, the findings revealed that there is a positive and significant statistical correlation between the amount of fluid accumulation in the pericardium and Urea and BUN (P=0.04). Therefore, it can be concluded from the results of this study that, firstly, echocardiography is a suitable tool for diagnosing pericardial effusion disease, and secondly, in the severe state of changes in renal enzymes, the amount of fluid accumulation in the pleural membrane is higher.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common cardiac diseases in dogs. If this disease is not detected and treated in time, it may cause the death of the affected animal. For this reason, its timely diagnosis is very important. This study was also carried out to investigate and identify the echocardiographic and radiographic indicators of dogs with DCM by sex, sterility status, breed, age and weight. For this purpose, using echocardiography and radiography, various parameters of the left ventricle and VHS (Vertebrae Heart Scale) of all dogs with DCM were measured. The results showed that the highest rate of prevalence was related to male dogs, not sterilized, terrier, age group 6-9 years and weight 5-10 kg. The findings of echocardiography showed that between the parameters of IVSs and LVDs in male and female DCM dogs, EF and FS of different sterility status, LVD and RVD of different breeds, all parameters measured in different weights and EF, LVDd and LVDs are a statistically significant difference in different ages. The average VHS of dogs with breed, age, sterility status and different weights with DCM were significantly different from each other. Also, the findings showed that gender has no effect on VHS change. Therefore, knowing the population with DCM disease, and other diagnostic imaging findings related to it, can help in the early diagnosis of this disease. After that, the findings of this research can be considered as a valid reference in the examination of different dogs with DCM.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Two drug combinations of Torsemide-Enalapril-Digoxin and Furosemide-Enalapril-Digoxin on the cardiovascular system in the treated dogs. For this purpose, five 1.5-year-old mixed breed dogs were selected to undergo echocardiography at three times (The first time as the control group, the second time as the first group and the third time as the second group). No drugs were used in the control group. In the first group, 2.5 mg/kg of furosemide, 0.5 mg/kg of enalapril and 3 µg/kg of digoxin and in the second group, 0.3 mg/kg of Torsemide, 0.5 mg/kg of enalapril and 3 µg/kg of digoxin were administered orally. Echocardiography of the dogs was done after one hour of drug administration. Measured echocardiographic parameters included: Left ventricular size during systole, left ventricular size during diastole, heart rate and fractional shortening. The results of each group were evaluated using chi square analysis method. The results of this study showed that changes in heart rate and left the ventricular size changes during diastole were not significant between the control and other groups. Although left ventricular size during systole was significantly lower in the torsemide-enalapril-digoxin group than the other groups, in this study, it was found that the fractional shortening changes in the group receiving torsemide-enalapril-digoxin were significantly higher than the other two groups. The results of this study indicate better effects of torsemide than furosemide in improving heart function and increasing short fractional shortening, but both drugs have similar effects on other cardiac parameters.

Horses of native breed are considered as the national capital in every country, and their preservation and propagation is of great value and importance. One of the most valuable native horse breeds in Iran is the Turkmen horse. The purpose of this research was to obtain the normal echocardiographic size of a healthy Turkmen horse and compare the size of the parameters between female and male and immature and adults.

Fifty healthy Turkmen horses, which were kept in horse riding clubs in Tehran and the suburbs of Tehran, were randomly selected. Then, after preparation, by using Mindary M7 echocardiography device and with phased water from the standard right parasternal approach, short axis views were taken at the papillary muscle stage and aortic root and long axis at the chamber 4.

The mean and standard deviation of each parameter were calculated. The findings showed that the factors of left ventricular internal volume at the end of diastole, left ventricular internal volume at the end of systole, ejection fraction and the percentage of left ventricular muscle shortening are significantly higher in female horses than in male horses. Also, the factors of left atrial diameter, aortic root diameter, right atrium diameter, interventricular wall thickness in diastole and systole, left ventricular free diameter at the end of diastole and systole, factors of the internal volume of the left ventricle at the end of diastole and cardiac output in adult horses are more than immature.

The measurements specified in this research can be considered as a criterion for echocardiography of Turkmen horses. It is absolutely necessary to check the components of each horse with its gender and maturity status.

This study was done to investigate the changes relation between the Fractional shortening obtained from echocardiographic findings following experimental hypertension induced in rats. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important diseases in human societies today. This disease affects the functional process of the heart. For this purpose, In the present study, The Fractional shortening following experimental hypertension in the heart of the studied rats was investigated. For this study 30 male Wistar rats were used. Echocardiography with physical restraint was performed on all studied rats and Fractional shortening was determined according to its formula. The animals under study were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was selected without surgery and the second group were induced hypertension and in the third group with operated control. The animals in the operated groups underwent abdominal surgery on the first day. To induce arterial hypertension, abdominal aortic stenosis was created above the renal arteries in the relevant group. Standard echocardiography was performed on days 7, 14 and 21. Then Fractional shortening was calculated. In this study, the mean of Fractional shortening in the hypertensive surgical group in day 14 was 40.42 ±0.18 Which showed the highest increase and it showed a significant difference on the same day in comparing whit control group (33.30 ± 0.15) and only surgery group (34.26 ± 0.21))p˂0.05). The present study showed that an increase in Fractional shortening index was observed following experimental arterial hypertension in rats.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is secreted by cardiac myocytes and it`s plasma concentration often increases in patients with cardiovascular disease in response to blood volume expansion and stretching of cardiac chambers. Increase in plasma concentration of ANP (CpANP) has been proved in humans with cardiac diseases and horses with left-sided valvular disease. This study aimed to investigate plasma ANP level in horses with pulmonic valve regurgitation and its association with echocardiographic parameters. Clinical and echocardiographic examinations were performed on several jumping horses in the equestrian clubs of Tehran, Iran. 11 horses with pulmonic valve regurgitation were identified by echocardiographic examination and were included in the case group (Group A), and 14 healthy horses were taken as the control group (Group B). Then, B-Mode, M-Mode and doppler echocardiographic parameters were measured and compared between the two groups. Blood samples from jugular vein were collected in tubes and were transferred to laboratory.CpANP was measured by Sandwich ELISA method using a horse specific kit.CpANP of horses in group1 and group2 were 6.39±2.87pg/ml and 4.78±2.45 pg/ml respectively, but no significant differences were observed.Except for right ventricular internal diameter, other echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups.CpANP was significantly correlated to systolic right ventricle length and left ventricular width. In conclusion no significant differences were observed between CpANP of healthy horses and horses with pulmonic regurgitation. Based on the Correlation between CpANP and right ventricle length, an elevation in CpANP might be expected in severe pulmonic regurgitation with change in ventricle`s dimensions.

Nowadays, due to widespread usage of anti-pain drugs, more attention is being paid to tramadol, although it has only been recognized  rather recently in veterinary medicine. Therefore, evaluation of its effects on various organs is a principal issue.

The aim of present study was to investigate cardiac function change following administration of tramadol using electrocardiography and echocardiography.

Five healthy dogs aged 3-5 years and weighting 20-26 kg were selected for study. To check the health of animals, clinical and laboratory examinations were performed. Then animals were kept for 2 weeks and vaccination and anti parasite therapy were prescribed for them. This study was conducted in 3 stages and ECG and echocardiography were recorded: before tramadol injection, immediately after injection and one hour after that. Parametric data analysis of variance with repeated measure was conducted using SPSS version 20.

Along evaluated parameters, only left ventricular volume in end-diastole and end-systole, time interval between the Q wave to aortic valve closure, stroke volume and ejection fraction showed significant difference between the three stages.

In conclusion, tramadol shows remarkable anti-pain effects with low cardiac side-effects in comparison to other opioid drugs. However, more studies are needed due to the importance of this subject.

Cardiac thrombosis normally occurs in old Syrian hamsters and according to the research it has a higher incidence rate in females than males. The most frequent site of thrombus formation has been reported to be the left atrium and it usually occurs secondary to degenerative cardiomyopathy and amyloidosis. In this study during a period of 2 years, 22 pet Syrian hamsters aged between 1-3 years-old with signs of cardiovascular disease and referred to the small animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital of University of Tehran were examined in order to evaluate for cardiac diseases as well as atrial thrombosis. During the examinations and observations clinical signs such as lethargy, anorexia, hyperpnoea, reduced daily activity, tachycardia, cyanosis, and vaginal discharge were observed. Based on the clinical sings, the initial diagnosis of cardiac disease was made and for more accurate evaluation of cardiac disease, the cases were referred to the radiology department. For detection of specific signs of cardiac disease echocardiography was performed on all patients. in some cases, sampling of vaginal discharge was taken as well and transferred to the lab for bacterial culture. Cardiac thrombosis and especially atrial thrombosis in all cases were diagnosed by echocardiography so that 9 cases showed pyometra concurrently.

Summary: Propofol as an intravenous anesthetic agent can be short-term and ambulatory surgical facilities as well as the lack of artificial respiration very helpful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment techniques using echocardiography as a noninvasive technique based on functional and structural heart. 10 adult male dogs, 2-3 years old and weighing 22.5±2.5 kilograms were used in this study. Cardiovascular health was evaluated using echocardiography, auscultation and electrocardiography. 1 mg/kg propofol intravenous were injected and LVDd, LVDs, SV, EF, FS, Ws and HR were examined. After one week rest for animals 2.5 mg/kg propofol were injected intravenously and the factors were evaluated again. Based on the results in 1mg/kg injection group FS and EF was significantly decreased in compared with the control group and there were no significant change in cardiac functional parameters in 2.5 mg/kg injection group.

Echocardiography is a noninvasive technique that is an important tool in diagnosis of cardiac diseases. Interoperation of the results of the echocardiography is dependent on having anatomical knowledge of the heart. The aim of this study was to prepare the anatomical slices according to the related views in echocardiography. These sections can be used as a model for teaching of echocardiography. Six dogs euthanized for purposes rather than the present study were used. The hearts were dissected and then dilated and fixed using formalin 10%. Fixed hearts were then cut to obtain representative slices corresponding to long and short axes of right parastenal standard echocardiographic views which were taken from three healthy dogs. After that, both anatomical and ultrasound images were correlated. The external and internal morphology of the heart were suitable for this study. The comparison of the anatomical slices with related echocardiograms showed a high level of correlation. In the long axis views, the four chambers, the atrioventricular valves and the cardiac septum were visible. The left ventricular outflow and aortic valve were represented in deeper views. The short axis series showed two ventricles and their internal morphology. The slices of hearts which were fixed using formalin may be used for echocardiography interoperation

Beluga (Huso huso) is one of the sturgeons and currently is cultured artificially in Iran with different goals. The cardiovascular system is one of the important systems of the body, and heart is the most important organ in this system. So far, few studies have been done on the heart of sturgeons.
This study was done to determine the exact structure of beluga different parts of the heart septum using echocardiographic and histologic techniques.
Six immature male belugas (2.5 years old) were investigated in this study. For echocardiography, probe was placed on the ventral surface of body, between pectoral fins. At first, macroscopic morphologic studies of different parts of heart were done at the topographic place of them. For histological studies, usual methods of fixation and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) coloring were used. Prepared slides were studied by light microscope.
All parts of the heart including the sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, conus arteriosus and pericardium were clearly visible in different probe moves. The pericardium were covered surround heart`s structures having homogenous echo pattern. Sinus venosus had a very thin septum without any expansion and contraction. Atrium had a completed muscular septum with expansion and contraction. Ventricle muscular septum had two layers: an external compact layer and an internal spongy layer. Conus arteriosus was composed of obvious muscular septum and connective tissue. Histological studies showed three layers in beluga heart including epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. In overall, the histological findings were matched with the results of echocardiography.
This study is the first investigation on echocardiographic feature of different parts of beluga heart. These results were coordinated with histological findings. Normal information and findings of this study can be used for investigation of various anatomic or pathologic changes in beluga heart in different research projects.

With the improvement of ultrasound equipment quality and portability, this ancillary test can be used in a farm setting or in hospital. Ancillary tests, such as complete cell blood count and serum biochemistry panel, may lack the sensitivity or specificity to detect heart disease. Diagnosing heart disease in cattle is challenging because clinical signs can be hidden until signs of congestive heart failure occur. An early diagnosis is of primary importance because the prognosis of the most common heart disorders ranges from guarded to poor. This article reviews the techniques, normal and abnormal findings of echocardiography concerning bovine heart.

Cispride drug as a procinetic drug in digestive system, causes prolongation of the QT interval by electrophysiologic changes in the ion channel that is responsible for the rapid component of the delayed rectifier current for potassium (IKr). This drug is metabolized by cytochrome P450. However, serious cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in patients taking cisapride like ventricular tachycardia and hypokinetic heart. The goal of this issue is to measure the ventricular size by evaluating of ejection fraction and fractional shortening following oral administration of cisapride.In this appraisal, six domestic dogs were randomly selected. Then all of them were issued on echocardiographic changes in two times as before administration and after administration of 1 mg/kg cisapride for three times day. Two- dimensional B-mode and M-mode pictures were analysed.The results confirmed that by oral administration of cisapride ventricular function became impaired and the Frank-Starling law of the heart was note operative. The side effects were reduction of heart rate, declining of ejection fraction and fractional shortening which resulted Decreased cardiac contractility heart.