مقالات رزومه دکتر هادی باقری

While traditional shopping continues, electronic shopping is growing rapidly. Therefore, there is a need to better understand the behavior of e-customers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sales promotion on the repurchase intention in electronic sports customers with the mediation of impulsive buying and post-purchase regret.

This study was correlative research. The study population was electronic sports stores’ customers that 270 customers were selected by available sampling. The research instruments were the standard questionnaires of sales promotion Gbadamosi (2009), the repurchase intention Rajatragra (2011), the impulsive purchase of Fau and Wu (2008), and the post-purchase regret of Bui et al. (2011). The data were analyzed by structural equitions modeling.

Sales promotion has a positive and significant effect on the e-customers repurchase intention and impulsive shopping, and a negative and significant effect on post-purchase regret; impulsive shopping also has a positive and significant effect on e-customers repurchase intention, but the effect of post-purchase regret on repurchase intention is negative and significant. Also, sales promotion hasn’t a significant effect on the repurchase intention through post-purchase regret as mediator, but impulsive buying have a significant mediating role.

According to this, the electronic sports stores can use sales promotion along with strategies such as internet consultation, discussion forums, downloadable content about the features and use of products or exciting clips to influence the purchase behavior of e-customers without feeling regret.

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the preference, withdrawal and retention of women in sports clubs. The research method was qualitative which was implemented by content analysis. The participants of the study included 19 female customers of sport clubs in Semnan province that selected by purposeful sampling. Research data were collected through semi-structured interviews. A total of 81 codes were obtained from the analysis of the interviews. Preference factor codes appeared in the form of five sub-themes: reasonable cost and payment method, reputation, appropriate location, activity plan, and attractive internal environment; Codes related to staying and leaving the club appeared in the form of six sub-themes (coach and executive staff, club atmosphere, training activities, emotional dependence, change risks and responding to needs) that represent the two ends of a spectrum. They say that one side leads to staying in the club and the other side leads to leaving the club. Managers of sports venues in the current competitive environment must go beyond being one-dimensional and pay attention to their customers from three perspectives (preference, withdrawal and retention) in order to achieve an acceptable competitive advantage.

The present research has aimed to prioritize ways to develop trans-sectional participations in student sports using the Delphi method, fuzzy screening, and interpretative structural modeling. This research has taken an applied approach regarding the objective, while in regard to data collection, a descriptive approach of the survey kind has been used. To carry out the research, 23 approaches for the development of trans-sectional participations in student sports were extracted by means of the qualitative Delphi method and by using the existing literature as well as 15 interviews made with authorities.  Using fuzzy screening, 22 approaches approved of by authorities were extracted. Then, using interpretive structural modeling, the correlations between the approaches for the development of participation were determined and analyzed in an integrated fashion. Eventually, MICMAC analysis was used in order to cluster the approaches, the results of which pointed out that the three approaches which prove to be the most influential one when it comes to developing trans-sectional participations in student sports are: providing formal infrastructures for participation at macro, organizational and local levels, defining and clarifying macro-level participation in order to create conditions for encouragement, facilitation and support, and setting up a physical education deputy in the structure of offices in charge of education. Therefore, the favorable trans-sectional participations in student sports requires all of the above-mentioned infrastructures to be provided, which is possible if all groups get involved.

The present study investigated the role of tourists' motivations and perceived risks in attachment to adventure sports tourism destinations. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of nature. The statistical population included paraglider pilots who traveled to the flight sites of Golestan province in the year 1400 (2021), of which 103 were selected as a sample using available sampling. Data were collected using three questionnaires and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The research findings showed that the four motivations of pleasure, excitement, socialization, and escape positively and significantly affect attachment to adventurous sports destinations. Also, perceived risk negatively and significantly affects tourists' attachment to adventure sports destinations. Based on the findings, operational suggestions for sports adventure tourism destinations have been presented.

This study aimed to identify the implications of Covid-19 on sports tourism and to provide appropriate strategies. The research paradigm is interpretive, its nature is exploratory, the approach is inductive, the research method is qualitative, the research strategy is the thematic analysis and the data collection was performed using targeted library study and in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were collected from two groups of related text and informed people. Sampling was done based on theoretical saturation and purposeful manner (8 informed people and 17 articles). Holsti’s PAO method was used to measure reliability, which was approved. The thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The effects of Covid-19 on sports tourism were 67 basic themes, 13 organizing themes, and 3 global themes.  52 basic codes, 7 organizing themes, and 2 global themes were identified as strategies to deal with these effects. Based on the findings, it can be stated that along with the changes caused by Covid-19, the sports tourism industry needs change in its approach and operations. This research proposes strategies to make these changes that will lead to the restoration of sports tourism.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of value co-creation on fans' identification, with the mediating role of social capital, in online communities of soccer clubs. The study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population was comprised of the followers of the two Instagram pages of Persepolis and Esteghlal soccer clubs. The optimal sample size was determined by G-Power to be 190 individuals, who were then selected via convenience sampling method. For data collection, Lin and Lu’s (2011) social capital questionnaire, Mael and Ashforth’s (1992) identification questionnaire, and Hsieh’s (2015) value co-creation questionnaire were used. The content validity of the questionnaires was checked and confirmed by sports management experts, and their reliability by Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and factor loadings. The data were analyzed using Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed that value co-creation has a positive and significant impact on both fans' identification and social capital. Moreover, it was revealed that social capital influences fans' identification positively and significantly. In addition, value co-creation had a positive and significant impact on the fans’ identification through social capital. Thus, by investing in their online communities, clubs can provide the basis for interaction, networking, value-creation, and a stronger bond with fans.

In the existing literature and conceptualizing the behavior of sports clubs' members, the social-psychological aspects are less considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of trust and attachment as two psychological factors in the relationship between social factors and the athletes' tendency to continuous membership of fitness club. The research type was correlational. The population of the study consisted of members of fitness clubs in Shahrood, from which 199 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that includes six part and 25 items, which are: responsibility (three items), ethical climate (five items), interaction quality (five items), place attachment (five items), trust (four items), and tendency to continue membership (three items). The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and partial least squares. The results showed that the interaction quality, responsibility, and ethical climate have a positive and significant effect on both athletes' attachment and trust; also, the effect of athletes' attachment on their tendency to continue club membership is significant; however, the effect of trust on athletes' tendency to continue membership is not significant. It seems that meeting the psychological and social needs of club members and creating confidence and inner belonging can be a useful management strategy to strengthen the relationship between club and athletes and maintain them in the long term.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green marketing activities on the purchase intention of customers through brand image. This study was applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of strategy. The statistical population consisted of all customers of Majid sports store in Tehran. 172 customers of these stores were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using green marketing (with α=0.75, CR=0.83) and the brand image (with α=0.83, CR=0.88) questionnaires of Juwaheer, Pudaruth & Noyaux (2012) and the purchase intention questionnaire (with α=0.83, CR=0.90) of Ko, Hwang and Kim (2013). The content validity, convergent, and divergent of the questionnaires were also confirmed by the experts, the calculation of the mean extracted variance and the cross-factor loadings, respectively. The structural equation modeling was performed using partial least squares method and Smart PLS software. The results showed that green marketing has a positive and significant effect on brand image and purchase intention of customers. Also, brand image significantly affects purchase intention of customers. Furthermore, brand image plays a significant mediator role in the relationship between green marketing and purchase intention of customers. Finally, the calculated indices showed the goodness of fit of the model. In general, it can be concluded that green marketing due to environmentally-friendly activities, can create a positive image of the corporate and its products in the minds of customers and persuade them to purchase.

The purpose of the present study was to identify and prioritize factors affecting the fan crisis in the Iranian Football Premier League. This study was a mix-method research work that was executed in the qualitative and quantitative steps. In the qualitative section, for in-depth interviews, targeted sampling method was used. After 21 interviews with experts, the data were coding based on the qualitative content analysis approach. In the quantitative section, 10 experts were selected based on judgmental sampling and the data were ranked by hierarchy analysis method. Based on the results of study, 18 identified factors affecting the fan crisis were placed in three branches, Content, Structure, and Context. Content branch factors in order of priority were: situation refereeing, corruption in football, fanatical behavior, communication management, ethnicity and racism, psychological characteristics, unprofessional behavior of stakeholders and demographic composition; Structural branch factors in order of priority were: competition management, safety, security, stadium health, public infrastructure, emergency-medical infrastructure; Context branch factors in order of priority were: cultural-social, media function, performance of the Security Council, disciplinary rules, team conditions and competition Political-economic and weather conditions. Therefore, suggested to the managers and officials of competitions and clubs to be aware of the identified factors in order to manage the crisis of advocacy more effectively.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ethical leadership and social responsibility on the organizational reputation of sports and youth departments in Golestan province. This research is a descriptive-correlational study that has been conducted in the field. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of sports and youth departments of Golestan province (N = 208), 122 of them were used as available sampling method as a sample. After confirming the face and content validity of the questionnaires, data was collected using Brown et al.'s (With α = 0.91; CR = 0.96), Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Carol's Social Responsibility Questionnaire (with α = 0.86; CR = 0.90), and Lima-Aho's Organizational Reputation Questionnaire (with α = 0.93; CR = 0.95). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for statistical analysis of data using SPSS and PLS software. The results of inferential data analysis showed that ethical leadership had a positive and significant effect on organizational reputation(0.31) and employees 'social responsibility (0.81), also social responsibility on employees' organizational reputation had a significant effect (0.59). According to the findings of the present study, It is suggested that the sports and youth departments, by observing the ethical principles and criteria in their organization, improve the responsibility of employees and the organization, which will show a good and pleasant image of the organization among the community that operates.

The purpose of this study was to identify strategies attracting sponsors for Iranian womenchr('39')s football league. This study conducted in Delphi technique. First, strategies attractiing sponsors were listed in four categories: legislation, media broadcasting, federation/ league organization programs, and club programs. Then, the expertschr('39') opinions on these strategies were collected in three times. The research population consisted of two groups: 1) academic experts; 2) coaches and supervisors of the womenchr('39')s football teams in Pro league. 21 persons were selected as Delphi panel by judgment sampling. Delphi panel reached a consensus on 25 proposed strategies. "Games broadcasting; popular sports TV programs’ focus; and license for launching private TV” had the most and "governmentalized womenchr('39')s teams" had the least agreement. Media strategies, club activities, federation/league organization activities, and legislative decisions were prioritized, respectively. According to the results, the most important strategies were related to the media, which shows that sponsors were associated with womenchr('39')s football because of more public exposure and wider or more loyal target community. Therefore, with the social and religious sensitivities about women, resolving media challenges requires negotiation with socially and politically influential groups. Also, the performance of clubs should be improved to increase the leaguechr('39')s commercial value and attractiveness.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the credibility of consumers of non-sport products based on the role of sports celebrity endorsers with trust, re-purchasing and loyalty.

This study was conducted as a survey of applied research. The research sample consisted of 400 consumers of non-sport products in shopping centers and stores in Isfahan which were selected as available. The measuring instrument consisted of Kurdlo et al. (2015) questionnaire for trustworthiness of advertising, questionnaire on product trust and re-purchase and customer loyalty questionnaire.The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by a survey of several sports management experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha. (Cronbach's alpha is ./91,  ./70, ./75 , ./88). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (central tendency and dispersion indices) and inferential (structural equation test) and analyzed by SPSS and Lisrel software.

The findings showed that the product information had the most impact on the non-sports product advertising and the advertising of non-sport products by sports endorsers from the point of view of customers affects the trust in products.

Based on the findings, non-sport product producers can be used to advertise their products in order to attract more consumer confidence from sports endorsers.

Cooperation is a kind of multifaceted, constructive, and beneficial link between the individuals in which the principle of the human equality is taken into consideration. Cooperation in various fields, especially in the field of education is of great importance and necessity, so that the main axis of any country's development is based on the cooperation in education. Based on the existing research, trans-sectional cooperation in the student sport, despite lots of benefits and necessities is not satisfactory and it has been faced with many barriers. Therefore, the present study aimed to prioritize the barriers of the trans-sectional cooperation in student sport using the Delphi qualitative method, the fuzzy screening and the quantitative method of interpretive structural modeling. The present research is applied in terms of the research purpose, and it is descriptive with survey design in terms of the data collection procedure. To conduct the research, first, a list of the barriers to trans-sectional cooperation in student sport (14 categories) were identified using the Delphi qualitative method through analyzing the content of the existing literature and 15 interviews with experts. Using fuzzy screening method, the barriers approved by the experts were extracted (12 categories). Then, using interpretive structural modeling, the relationship between the barriers of cooperation was determined and they were analyzed integratively. Finally, MICMAC method was used to cluster them. Since this method is based on the opinion of the experts, the views of 8 student sport authorities, experienced physical education teachers and the academic professors were used. The results showed that the upstream documents and not being aware of the penetration power of 12 and the dependency power of 6 were the most influential barriers to trans-sectional cooperation in student sport.Therefore, many barriers to the cooperation can be removed by modifying the upstream documents and raising the level of the community awareness through the capacity of the media, clerics and celebrities.

The emigration of sport elites and professionals as a social phenomenon has a detrimental effect on the process of sport development. The purpose of this work was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the emigration of elite athletes in Iran.

This study was a mix-method research work that was executed in the qualitative and quantitative steps. In the first step, the data was collected through 8 semi-structured interviews (with athletes immigrating or intending to immigrate) as well as analysis of the documents and literature; the result of this step was a list of athletes’ emigration reasons including the four categories of economic, political, social, and professional factors. In the next step, in order to determine the importance and priority of each factor, a questionnaire was developed based on the BWM multi-criteria decision-making method and distributed among 10 national athletes that were selected by a judgment sampling.

Analysis of the data showed that the economic factors such as "access better job opportunities" and "difference in welfare status between the country of origin and destination" are the most important reasons for the migration of athletes. The professional factors such as “access to facilities and coaches” and “the lack of planning in federations”; the political factors such as “the inefficiency of the management system in macro-level” and “the influence of political orientations on sport”; and the social factors such as “the social status of athletes” and “the tendency toward modern life” were in the next priorities.

The main part of the economic, political, and social problems affecting the immigration athletes’ decision is related to the macro-level; however, at the mid-level, the sports managers can improve the professional conditions for athletes’ motivation to stay in the country. This can be done with developing the organized leagues, designing, and implementing plans to develop basic levels, providing the facilities, recruiting experienced internal and external coaches, and employing capable athletes and coaches in operating the plans