ahmad rahmani

This study explores the role of machine learning in managing knowledge of customer experience. Given the importance of high-quality knowledge for organizational innovation, this research aim is to address existing research gaps and propose a novel model for leveraging customer experiences in the fintech sector using machine learning. The main research question is to identify the key components and effective elements in developing a knowledge management of customer experience model using machine learning. Two secondary questions focus on identifying the most relevant knowledge management model for developing the knowledge management of customer experience model and assessing the suitability of machine learning capabilities for interpreting customer perceptions.The research methodology is design science. Conceptual and structural equation models were developed, and hypotheses were tested and validated through model fitting. The findings led to the creation of a framework for future research and the development of the APO model into a seven-layer APO-CEM model, which includes preprocessing, coding, thematic categorization, and improved decision tree accuracy. The model was positioned and validated within the fintech ecosystem. Results confirm the model's effectiveness in enhancing growth, productivity, and customer satisfaction and demonstrate that machine learning can effectively measure and improve the quality of knowledge of customer experience through the cultivation of customer insights.

COVID-19 virus is considered one of the latest crises of the present century, which has various negative effects and consequences, including delayed return to sports activities for recovered athletes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise with caffeine supplementation on the VO2max and anaerobic power of COVID-19 recovered male athletes.

twenty-eight male student-athletes aged between 18 to 25 years from the International University of Imam Khomeini of Qazvin were randomly divided into four Groups: aerobic exercise (7 people), control (7 people), aerobic exercise with caffeine supplementation (7 people), and aerobic exercise with placebo (7 people), in a pre-test post-test design. The aerobic exercise intervention consisted of running on a treadmill at an intensity of 65% to 85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate for 25 to 35 minutes. Participants in the caffeine and placebo conditions consumed either 0.5 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight or a maltodextrin (placebo) tablet 30 minutes prior to exercise. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check for normality of data distribution and covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used for inter-group comparison. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version26 software.

The ANCOVA analysis showed significant differences in the mean Vo2max and Peak anaerobic power among the four groups. Pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni post-hoc test showed statistically significant differences in the mean Vo2max between the aerobic exercise group and the control group, as well as between the aerobic exercise with caffeine and the aerobic exercise with placebo groups (p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Also, significant differences were observed in the mean peak anaerobic power between the aerobic exercise group and the control group, as well as between the aerobic exercise with caffeine and the aerobic exercise with placebo groups (p<0.002 and p<0.01, respectively).

The results of this study showed that both aerobic exercise alone and aerobic exercise with caffeine supplementation have a positive effect on Vo2max and anaerobic power in male athletes recovered from COVID-19, but the aerobic exercise -caffeine supplementation group had significantly better performance. Therefore, aerobic exercise with caffeine supplementation can be considered a more effective way to improve the sports performance of male athletes recovered from COVID-19.

Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is considered one of the most prominent species of Ardabil Fandoghlou forest in. This species is ecologically and economically important and is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries. Unfortunately, in recent years, conversion of use, livestock grazing, fire and cutting of trees have been effective factors in the destruction of this valuable forest. Considering the ecological and economic importance of the hazelnut species, it is very important to restore the habitats of this species through seedlings. On the other hand, the success of planting depends a lot on the establishment and survival of planted seedlings (Spehbadi, 2019), which chemical fertilizers are used most of the time. The use of these fertilizers has had adverse effects on the soil ecosystem, and in addition to destroying beneficial soil microorganisms and the poor growth of seedlings, it has resulted in several adverse effects on the environment and human health. The use of growth-promoting microorganisms is considered one of the biological methods to increase the yield of plants and reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers. Trichoderma spp. have been known as plant growth promoter besides its primary function as pathogen inhibitor. This research was conducted with the aim of the effect of T. harzianum on of physiological properties of hazelnut seedlings in field conditions.

At the beginning of May 2016, in Ardabil Hazelnut Nursery, the soil around the roots of potted hazelnut seedlings, produced from the three sources of Fandoglou (Ardabil Hazelnut Forest), Makesh (Guilan) and Makidi (Arasbaran) with T. harzianum were inoculated. Then, in November 2017, the one-year-old hazelnut seedlings were transferred to the area adjacent to the nursery located in lands of the forest edge with an area of 4050 m2. Then they were planted in factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (with the two factors mentioned above including three seed sources and T. harzianum inoculation and no inoculation or control in three replications). The number of seedlings in each replication was 25 (450 seedlings in total), which were planted a distance of 3 × 3 m in rain-fed conditions. The characteristics of leaf area, specific leaf area and physiological properties including leaf area, specific leaf area, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll content were measured. For this purpose, in each treatment, three seedlings were randomly selected and measurements were taken on the fourth and fifth healthy and fully grown mature leaves from the tip of the plant using a photosynthesis meter on a sunny day (mid-September) and it was done in the open air under natural conditions of temperature, light and relative air humidity between 9:30 and 11:30 while the constant leaf temperature was between 20 and 25 o C.

After four years, all measured properties were significantly affected by fungal inoculation. Inoculated seedlings from all three origins displayed higher values for all investigated traits compared to controls. The highest of leaf area (22.4 cm2), specific leaf area (119.2 cm2 g-1), photosynthesis rate (18.45 µmol Co2 m2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.198 mmol m2 s-1), transpiration rate (mmol H20 m2 s-1), water consumption efficiency (7.69 µmol Co2 mol H2o -1) and chlorophyll content increased by (26.49 %) were obtained from Seedlings of Fandoglou origin inoculated with T. harzianum in compared to the control (non- inoculated seedlings). The lowest of leaf area (12.4 cm2), specific leaf area (85.5 cm2 g-1), photosynthesis rate (8.01 µmol Co2 m2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.101 mmol m2 s-1), water consumption efficiency (2.41 µmol Co2 mol H2o -1) and chlorophyll content increased by (14.15 %) were observed from Seedlings (non- inoculated) of control with origin of Makidi.

The present study showed that the hazelnut seedlings of the origin of Fandoghlou under the influence of T. harzianum inoculation were superior in terms of the studied traits in comparison to the two origins of Makseh and Makidi. Therefore, for the production of healthy and strong hazelnut seedlings in the nursery, the origin of the Fandoghlou can be used. An important point in inoculation of seedlings with T. harzianum fungus was the increase in the water use efficiency (WUE) of of hazelnut seedlings with the origin of Fandoghlou up 150% compared to the control seedlings. So, it can be concluded that by increasing the rate of photosynthesis rate and reducing transpiration rate, inoculated seedlings increase the efficiency of water use and can have more vegetatative growth and suitable physiological traits in reforestation or create of hazelnut gardens in the prone lands of Fandoghlou forest. Keywords: Arasbaran, Corylus avellana, Stomatal conductance, Specific leaf area.

  Intense aerobic activities can increase oxidative stress in the central nervous system, compromising physical performance. Herbal supplements have been studied for their potential to counteract oxidative stress. This study investigated the impact of eight weeks of endurance training and Salvia Officinalis extract supplementation on hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels and endurance performance in male Wistar rats.

Twenty-eight male Wistar rats, after one week of acclimation, randomly were divided into five groups: control (n=6), exercise (n=5), extract (n=6), saline (n=6), and exercise-extract (n=5). The exercise program consisted of eight weeks of endurance training on a treadmill, with five sessions per week. The animals received a dose of 100 ml/kg bodyweight of Salvia Officinalis extract by oral gavage before each exercise session. Hippocampal MDA and TAC levels were determined via spectrophotometry, while endurance performance was evaluated through an exhaustion test. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing SPSS version 16 and ANOVA tests at a significance level of 0.05.

Compared to the control group, the exercise group displayed elevated hippocampal MDA levels (p<0.001). Moreover, the exercise-extract group had significantly reduced MDA levels compared to the exercise group (p=0.025). No significant differences in hippocampal TAC levels were observed between the exercise and control groups (p>0.05). However, both the TAC levels and endurance performance of the exercise-extract group were considerably enhanced compared to the exercise group (p<0.05).

These findings suggest that intense endurance exercise leads to oxidative stress in the hippocampal area. Supplementation with Salvia Officinalis extract seems to effectively mitigate oxidative stress caused by intense exercise, ultimately improving endurance performance.

Corylus avellana L from the Corylacesae family is one of the pioneer species in the early stages of the hazel forest sequence and plays a very important role in the restoration of degraded forests. Unfortunately, in recent years, conversion of use, livestock grazing, fire and cutting of trees have been effective factors in the destruction of this valuable forest. The low percentage of survival and vegetative growth in the early years of hazelnut seedlings increases the production costs of seed-roasted seedlings in the nursery and also causes delays in afforestation programs. This research was conducted with the aim of the effect of T. harzianum on the establishment and improvement of the growth and nutritional characteristics of hazelnut seedlings in field conditions.

At the beginning of May 2016, in Ardabil's Hazelnut Nursery, the soil around the roots of potted hazelnut seedlings, produced from the three sources of Fandoglou (Ardabil Hazelnut Forest), Makesh (Gilan) and Makidi (Arasbaran) were treated with the fungus T. harzianum were inoculated. Then, in November 2017, the one-year-old hazelnut seedlings were transferred to the agricultural lands on the edge of the Fandoglou forest, and according to the above two factors (fungi, seed origin) in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications of 25 in the conditions They were cultivated dry and the percentage of survival, growth, collar diameter, height and nutrition of hazelnut seedlings were measured during four years.

The results after four years showed that all the examined characteristics were affected by the mushroom inoculation treatment. The main effect of seedling and mushroom origin on all investigated traits was significant at the five and one percent level. The interaction effect of seedling origin × mushroom inoculation on the characteristics of survival percentage, root biomass at the level of 1% and for growth of collar diameter and height, stem and leaf biomass and nutritional elements of leaves of hazelnut seedlings at the error level of 1 And five percent was significant. So that the inoculated seedlings of all three origins had the highest values in terms of all investigated traits compared to the control seedlings. The highest amount of studied traits was found in the seedlings of the origin of Fenugreek inoculated with the fungus T. harzianum was assigned. So that in these seedlings, the survival rate is 65.8%, the shoot growth is 52.2%, the height growth is 54.6%, and the dry biomass of root, stem and leaf is 48.603, respectively. 46.5 and 37.40% and the concentration of leaf nutrients including nitrogen 27.81, phosphorus 23.23, potassium 34.7% increase compared to the unfertilized seedlings of Fandoglou origin. Although the responses of the seedlings were different in terms of the studied traits. Hazelnut saplings with the origin of Fandoglou and Makesh were superior in terms of the studied traits compared to the origin of Makidi..

For the production of strong hazelnut seedlings for afforestation in susceptible lands, the mentioned two sources can be used. Finally, according to the findings of this research, T. harzanium can be used as a biological fertilizer to increase the percentage of success and improve the vegetative characteristics of hazelnut seedlings

Maintaining an optimal weight is essential for wrestlers, given their competition in weight-classified categories. However, many wrestlers resort to unhealthy methods of rapid weight loss, such as drastic caloric restriction and dehydration, which can adversely affect their overall wellbeing.

This study aimed to examine the impact of a two-week increase in exercise volume on weight loss, serum oxidative stress, and inflammation in young wrestlers.

Methodsand Materials:

Twenty wrestlers (aged 15-19, weight 63.47 kg) participated in a 2-week exercise intervention in addition to their regular weekly wrestling drills. The intervention consisted of resistance training, high-intensity interval training, and speed training. Wrestlers weighed daily over 2-week span. The participants' superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measuredboth before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test conducted through SPSS software, with a significant level set at p < 0.05.

The 2-week intervention resulted in significant weight loss (p<0.001). Within group comparisons found serum levels of IL-6, SOD, and TAC significantly increased from pre-to-post testing, but MDA did not change significantly.

In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that a two-week increase in exercise volume can be an effective strategy for promoting weight loss and reducing oxidative stress in young wrestlers. The findings suggest that the improvement in antioxidant status is likely a result of the body's response to increased inflammation, as indicated by changes in inflammatory markers.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is viewed as one of the defining crises of the current era, with various adverse ramifications for sports performance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and caffeine supplementation on the cognitive performance and balance of college student-athletes recovered from COVID-19. Forty male student-athletes aged between 18 to 25 years from the Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin were randomly assigned to four groups: 1. exercise + caffeine supplementation, 2. aerobic exercise + placebo, 3. aerobic exercise, and 4. control, in a pre-test post-test design. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of data distribution and covariance analysis was used for inter-group comparison. The ANCOVA analysis showed significant differences in cognitive performance and balance among the four groups (P<0.05). Pairwise comparisons using the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed statistically significant differences in cognitive performance and balance between the aerobic exercise + caffeine group versus the aerobic exercise + placebo group (P<0.05) and the aerobic exercise versus the control group (P<0.05). Also, there was significant differences in mean cognitive performance and balance indices between AE+CAF versus CONT (P<0.005) and AE+CAF versus AE (P<0.005). The results of this study show that aerobic exercise with caffeine supplementation can improve cognitive performance and balance of student-athletes recovered from COVID-19.

Intense physical activity increases the production of reactive oxygen species in vital tissues such as the liver and causes oxidative stress. This study investigates the effect of high-intensity interval training and intense endurance training on oxidative stress of liver tissue in immature male rats during puberty. A total of 24 male Wistar rats (aged= 22 days, weight= 60±0.63 g), after one week of acclimatization, were divided randomly into three groups: control, IET, and HIIT. Rats were subjected to a four-week training on an animal treadmill. The effects of training treatment in rat liver were investigated by assaying oxidative stress biomarkers. Comparing to control group, in both training groups significantly lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) was seen ((P(IET)= 0.016/ P(HIIT)= 0.020). However, there were no statistical differences in Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) (P= 0.463) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) activity levels (P= 0.194) among groups. HIIT training significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P= 0.040) and catalase enzyme (CAT) levels (P= 0.007). IET and HIIT had significantly increased endurance performance (both: P= 0.001). Both training intensities did not lead to an increase in oxidative stress and can be used during puberty.

Mycorrhizal fungi are one of the useful soil microorganisms, which can increase the growth of the host plant by absorbing and transferring more water and nutrients to the plant due to symbiosis with plant roots. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the biomass and nutrient absorption of hazelnut seedlings, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design in field conditions. The investigated factors included the three origins of the seedlings (Fandoghlou, Makesh, and Makidi regions) and fungal inoculation in three levels (Rhizophagus irregularis, Myco root inoculum and control) with three replications of 25 at a distance of 3x3 m, in an area of 6075 m2 in the agricultural lands on the edge of Fandoghlou Forest in Ardabil, Iran. After four years, the results showed that the inoculated seedlings of all three origins were superior in terms of all the examined characteristics compared to the control (non-inoculated) seedlings. The highest traits belonged to Fandoghlou seedlings with R. irregularis inoculation. In these seedlings, root colonization, dry mass of root, stem and leaf were, respectively, 51.9%, 54.4%, 45.1%, and 40.7% higher, and N, P, K, Fe, and Zn were, respectively, 38.8%, 45.4%, 62.9%, 35.5%, and 42.6% more compared to the control seedlings. Finally, it can be concluded that planting of hazelnut seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi (especially R. irregularis) will have higher vegetative growth.

 The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced athletes worldwide.

 This research aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise program on athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes during the post-COVID-19 period.

 Fourteen male student-athletes aged 18 - 25 years from Imam Khomeini International University participated in this study. The participants comprised 7 recovered COVID-19 athletes and 7 athletes with no prior COVID-19 infection. The study employed a pre-test/post-test design conducted in 2 phases. During the pre and post-test phases, participants underwent baseline assessments of athletic performance, including maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and anaerobic power. Subsequently, the participants engaged in a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes within groups were compared using paired t-tests, while independent t-tests were utilized for comparisons between the recovered COVID-19 athlete group and the uninfected athlete group.

 Independent t-tests demonstrated significant increases in VO2 max and peak power after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in both the recovered COVID-19 group (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001) and the uninfected COVID-19 group (P = 0.012, P = 0.001). However, dependent t-tests revealed a significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the uninfected COVID-19 group in the post-test of VO2 max (P = 0.044) and peak power (P = 0.001).

 This study indicates that a 4-week aerobic exercise regimen can improve athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes. However, recovered COVID-19 athletes exhibited a notably slower rate of improvement compared to their uninfected counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to aerobic exercise, recovered athletes integrate supplementary strategies to optimize their return-to-sport timeline and maximize performance recovery.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced athletes worldwide.

This research aims to investigate the effects of a 4-week aerobic exercise program on athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes during the post-COVID-19 period.

Fourteen male student-athletes aged 18 - 25 years from Imam Khomeini International University participated in this study. The participants comprised 7 recovered COVID-19 athletes and 7 athletes with no prior COVID-19 infection. The study employed a pre-test/post-test design conducted in 2 phases. During the pre and post-test phases, participants underwent baseline assessments of athletic performance, including maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and anaerobic power. Subsequently, the participants engaged in a 4-week aerobic exercise intervention. Pre- and post-intervention outcomes within groups were compared using paired t-tests, while independent t-tests were utilized for comparisons between the recovered COVID-19 athlete group and the uninfected athlete group.

Independent t-tests demonstrated significant increases in VO2 max and peak power after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise in both the recovered COVID-19 group (P = 0.001, P = 0.0001) and the uninfected COVID-19 group (P = 0.012, P = 0.001). However, dependent t-tests revealed a significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the uninfected COVID-19 group in the post-test of VO2 max (P = 0.044) and peak power (P = 0.001).

This study indicates that a 4-week aerobic exercise regimen can improve athletic performance in both recovered and uninfected COVID-19 athletes. However, recovered COVID-19 athletes exhibited a notably slower rate of improvement compared to their uninfected counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that, in addition to aerobic exercise, recovered athletes integrate supplementary strategies to optimize their return-to-sport timeline and maximize performance recovery. 

Despite the many studies conducted in knowledge management and experience management, providing a model in knowledge management of customer experience is an issue that needs to be addressed. The paper was conducted with two 1. Providing a model of customer experience knowledge management and 2. its effectiveness evaluation in the Fintech ecosystem from the experts’ perspective. The research is a descriptive and analytic survey type. The research method is Grounded Theory. In order to achieve the first purpose, 48 articles were selected, studied, and opinionated by purposefully sampling people. After reading and analyzing articles, customer knowledge experience concepts were extracted and categorized based on the phenomena, context, cause, intervention, strategy, and consequence. Then, the relationship between the concepts was designed as a model. Based on those propositions, the customer knowledge experience management model was provided, and the fitting test was tested and approved. In order to achieve the second purpose, a questionnaire was designed based on four components, including 1- Understanding the importance of customer experience knowledge management, 2- the role of tacit knowledge in customer experience, 3- the effectiveness of customer experience knowledge, and 4- Applying knowledge of customer experience. The results showed that from the point of view of experts, the effectiveness of customer experience knowledge management in the Fintech ecosystem leads to improving marketing performance, better management of products and services, and increased customer satisfaction.

The aim of this study was to investigating the effect of high intensity interval training and endurance training along with jujube supplement consumption on the state of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of testicular tissue of immature rats.

72 immature wistar rats with age of 22 days and weight of 60.64 ± 7.475 grams were randomly divided into 9 groups: control, intense interval training (HIT), intense endurance training (ICT), jujube , ICT + jujube, ICT + placebo, HIT training + placebo, HIT training + jujube and placebo. After a week of familiarization, the ICT protocol including running on a  rodent treadmill for 4 weeks (5 sessions/week) and the HIT protocol including 4 weeks (6 sessions/week) were performed. Distilled water gavage was given to the placebo groups, and jujube extract gavage was given to the jujube groups at a dose of 600 mg/kg of body weight, daily after training. The activities of SOD, GPX and CAT enzymes and MDA and TAC levels were measured by spectrophotometry and ELISA kit.

In the HIT group, a significant increase in SOD, GPX and TAC was observed after 4 weeks (P=0.001); In the ICT group, the amount of MDA decreased significantly after 4 weeks (P=0.022), while SOD (P=0.006) and TAC (P=0.001) had a significant increase. The amount of antioxidant activity and the level of MDA and TAC did not change significantly in the group of HIT + jujube extract, on the other hand, in the ICT + jujube extract group, only CAT had a significant decrease (P = 0.012).

 The results of the present study showed that intense interval and endurance training has reduced oxidative stress and significantly increased antioxidant enzymes in testicular tissue and immature rats. However, due to the few studies done in this field, more research is needed.

  Oxidative stress in different organs is the main challenge for athletes who undergo strenuous training. This study investigated the effect of curcumin supplementation along with HIIT on the antioxidant balance of skeletal muscle, heart, and liver in male Wistar rats.

Forty two male Wistar rats aged six-eight weeks, after one week familiarization period, were randomly divided into 6 groups; Control, Curcumin, 48hrs Curcumin, HIIT, HIIT+Curcumin, and HIIT+48hrs Curcumin. HIIT training (8 weeks, 5 sessions a week) carried out on a rodent treadmill. Curcumin supplement (30 mg/kg.BW) injected Intraperitoneally (eight weeks, three times a week; or last 48 hours, every 8 hours) in the supplemented groups. GPX activity was measured by Elisa Kit and the MDA level was assessed by spectrophotometric method.

One-way ANOVA results showed that GPX activity of the HIIT group in skeletal muscle, heart, and liver were significantly (P<0.05) lower, and MDA levels of the heart were significantly (P=0.001) higher than the control group. Also, GPX activity of skeletal muscle (P=0.001), heart (P=0.004), and liver (P=0.029) in the HIIT+curcumin and HIIT+48hrs curcumin group of the heart (P=0.008) were significantly higher than HIIT group. MDA levels of heart in the HIIT+curcumin (p=0.001) and HIIT+48hrs curcumin (P=0.001) groups were significantly lower than the HIIT group.

In spite of different oxidative stress responses of tissues to the HIIT training, curcumin supplementation during the last 48 hours of strenuous HIIT, as well as during eight weeks, could prevent oxidative stress, and improves antioxidant capacity.

One of the appropriate strategies for combating the adverse effects of oxidative stress caused by strenuous activities is consuming a well-balanced diet and taking antioxidant supplements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of jujube extract consumption during two types of intermittent and intense endurance training on antioxidant indices and oxidative stress of the liver tissue of immature male rats.

72 male Wistar rats (aged= 22 days, weight= 60.64 ± 7.475 g) were randomly divided into nine groups after being weighed: control, placebo, jujube, intense endurance training (ICT), ICT + placebo, ICT + jujube gavage, high-intensity interval training (HIT), HIT + placebo gavage, HIT + jujube gavage. After a week of general and specific familiarization, the ICT protocol including running on the treadmill for four weeks (five sessions per week) with progressive duration and intensity and following the principle of exercise overload was implemented on an animal treadmill. So that the speed in the first week was equal to 10-18 meters per minute and its duration was 10-30 minutes, and in the last week the training speed reached 30 meters per minute and its duration was 55-60 minutes. The HIT training protocol was also carried out in the form of training with the pattern of seven-day courses (six days of training and one day of rest to prevent overtraining). Based on the principle of overload, training was applied in such a way that the training speed in the familiarization week was equal to 10-16 meters per minute and its duration was one minute, and in the last week the training speed reached 36-40 meters per minute (equivalent to about 85% of Vo2max). Distilled water was given to the placebo groups, and 600 mg/kg of jujube extract was given daily to the jujube groups after training. The activity of GPX, SOD, CAT enzymes, TAC and MDA was assayed by spectrophotometric method using diagnostic ELISA kit. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that ICT and HIT significantly decreased MDA activity (P < 0.05). However, ICT and HIT did not affect the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX) and TAC (P > 0.05). On the other hand, HIT training significantly increased CAT enzyme (P < 0.05). The results also showed that groups with jujube gavage did not have a significant effect on the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX, CAT), TAC and MDA (P > 0.05).

it seems that ICT, HIT moderates oxidative indices, and HIT training improves the antioxidant index CAT in immature rats.