ebrahim moammeri

Today's urban and modern life, despite the latest and most up-to-date technologies, has been able to make people's lives much easier than in the past and remove the hardships that people had to endure in the past, but this type of life has brought a new problem with it. which was not predictable before; Depression and lack of happiness. Unfortunately, due to the unprofessional construction of big cities, the loss of natural spaces and visual pollution, exhausting traffic, noise and air pollution, life in cities has become very exhausting and the unpleasant conditions of life in crowded cities cause various diseases such as depression, anxiety and disorders. It has become mental and physical. This research aims to investigate the components of a happy city in the areas of Gorgan city, in line with the movement towards creating happy neighborhoods. The governing process of this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application and type of research method. The method of collecting data and information is library, document and survey. The scope of the research is 8 urban areas of Gorgan, which have been measured and analyzed with 7 criteria of a happy city. The research results show that in the AHP decision model, the human capital index with a score of (0.784) is the first priority, social trust with a coefficient of (0.372) is the second priority, and visual pollution with a coefficient of (0.330) is the first priority. Third, it has had the greatest impact on the movement of a district towards the happy city. Also, based on COPRAS multi-criteria decision making model, District 1 with a score of (1) ranks first in terms of the indicators of Shad City, District 2 ranks second with a coefficient of (0.975) and District 6 ranks first with a score of (0.946). The third is in terms of the indicators of the happy city.

Due to their constant change and dynamics, cities will always be exposed to serious risks and damages, which require appropriate methods and models to deal with and manage these accidents. In fact, cities need to reach a resilient level in their various dimensions. Resilience has been proposed in urban and regional studies to reduce urban damage. Resilient cities can provide a good starting point by deepening our understanding of the current situation and moving towards more sustainable solutions. Therefore, the current research has used twelve indicators with the aim of identifying and investigating the current state of physical resilience in the eight districts of Gorgan city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and in order to weight the research indicators, Shannon's entropy technique is used, and to evaluate and prioritize the resilience of each of the areas in terms of urban physical resilience indicators, the decision technique is used. Multi-criteria evaluation of cumulative weight production has been used. The results of the present study show that, among the 8 urban areas, area one with a priority coefficient (0.549) ranks first in terms of urban resilience indicators, area two with a priority coefficient (0.260) ranks second. The fourth region with a score of (0.250) is in the third place, the seventh region with a priority coefficient (0.207), the third region with a priority coefficient (0.238), the sixth region with a priority coefficient (0.228), the eighth region with a coefficient Priority (0.207) and District Five with a priority coefficient (0.198) are ranked f

Improving the quality of life in any society is one of the main goals of the public policy of that society. So that quality-of-life findings can be used to recognize previous strategies and design future planning policies. Due to this, it is necessary to assess the quality of life of the northern Khorasan border province in order to conduct accurate planning in the future. To this end, the main objective of this research is to assess the quality of life in the northern province of Khorasan province and determine the levels of enjoyment of the cities of this province in terms of objective quality of life   indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytic. The techniques used in this paper are entropy weighing techniques and the multi-criteria decision making model of VIKOR. Shannon's entropy technique was used to determine the weight of the indices and to use the viquor technique to determine the quality of life of the 8th city of the northern province of northern Khorasan. The results indicate that the level of quality of life in the cities of North Khorasan province has been very unfair and unequal according to the evaluation of selected indicators. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference between the cities of this province, so that from the total of 8 cities, Bojnourd city with the score (0) is ranked first, Shirvan with the score (0.674) in the second rank, Esfarayen ranked third with score (0.737), Mean and Samalgan with the score (0.892) in fourth place, Jajarm with score (0.933) in fifth place, Farvje with score (0.951) in the sixth rank, Raz in the rank of the priest with score (0.994) At the seventh position and the city of Garmeh with a score of (1) is in the eighth position.

Thorough investigation and monitoring of spatial, social policies pertaining to city zoning ( case : Gorgan )Spatial social policies comprises of sets of apt decisions taken by public entities at different levels including national, regional ,urban and intera urban ones .These would have an impact upon human livelihood as well as the quality of the life and other corresponding urban problems .With regard to urban policy decisions there exists a likelihood that some political key figure layers as well as medias and pressure groups, away from formal mechanism and decision processes being able to prioritize their political wills .The major objective of this paper is to thoroughly investigate and monitor the spatial social inequality policies detected in some zones in Gorgan as this work's study area. From objective side, this study has an applied nature. However, methodologically speaking it relies on a descriptive and analytical approach . This study is based on documentations as well as some mathematical and quantitative techniques including WASPAS ,WSA , COPRAS and Entropy Shannon . This is followed by application of some combining technique including kanderast?. This study suggests that Gorgan 's eight zones show uneven distribution regarding urban services indices. That means that there exists some drastic discrepancies with regard to possession of social justice indices associated with different zones. As such, based on kanderast combination technique, zone 4 possesses the highest value as opposed to zone 1 regarding social welfare. Prioritizing different Gorgan's zones based on urban social services reveals that zones 4,3, and 6 are ranked as the most privileged ones followed by zones 7 and 8 as semi privileged ones. Zones 2, 5 and 1 are ranked as the deprived ones regarding urban infrastructures.It is argued that Gorgan's key corresponding urban figures, more specifically urban politicians and strategic urban planning consultants should reduce spatial inequalities. This can be achieved by utilizing modified, improved urban policies and some budget amendment. The changes along this line will ultimately assure more sustainable urban environments.Key words:Social Policies, Spatial Urban Justice, Decision Making Technique, Urban Planning , Gorgan City IntroductionGenerally speaking, political, social approaches as well as the politics and its social implication have great impacts upon the production of geographical space.This means that the politics along with political space economy aim to pave the way and ultimately shape decent urban spaces for the citizens.In fact, the geographic spaces are the setting of different economic, social and political functions in which affects the production of urban space.It is suggested that the government with its apt policies is capable of transforming urban spatial organization as well. The government is responsible for creation of urban geographic spaces and the corresponding functional structural changes as well as geographic balances and imbalances. Generally speaking, accomplishing targeted and well balanced urban development is the major objective of urban regional planning. Furthermore, urban services are being considered as the most fundamental realm of urban planning policies. Therefore, service allocation processes, due to its impact upon urban livability and promotion of comfort level and well being, should receive prime attention regarding advance urban management.MethodologyThis study has descriptive and analytical nature and from objective aspect it is applied as well. Our approach further bases on the existing relevant documentation in order to compile the required information.The statistical population is comprised of Gorgan's eight zones. Regarding analytical sphere, the study applies WSA, COPRAS, and WASPAS.Results and discussionBased on WASPAS technique those area with value close to 1 are considered to be privileged as opposed to deprived ones with values close to 0 . This study suggests that different zones in Gorgan experience varied value levels regarding welfare indices. As such, zones 4, 8, 6, 7, 3, 5, 2 and 1 with values of 0.4096, 0.4022, 0.3802, 0.2981, 0.2540, 0.1461, 0.1192 and 0.0696 respectively correspond to different hierarchical spectrum level as far as the urban welfare is concerned. This indicates the unfair and unsuitable status of selected Gorgan's zones as far as urban welfare indices are concerned .Based on COPRAS technique, out of 16 urban service indices, zones 4, 1, 2, 5, 3, 7, 6, and 8 with the development coefficient 1 , 0.8222, 0.7423, 0.5762, 0.5762, 0.5013, 0.4076 and 0.1935 respectively correspond to different hierarchical spectrum level as far as the urban welfare is concerned.With regard to the application of WSA technique, zone 4 with corresponding development coefficient 0.5081 got the highest rank followed by zone 3 (0.3226). Zone 6 with development coefficient of 0.3220 holds the third position followed by zone 7 (0.2590). Zone 8 with development coefficient 0.2047 ranked the fifth followed by zone 2 (0.3226 ) Lastly, zone 5 with development coefficient 0.0804 ranked seventh followed by zone 1 (0.0417).Based on kandrast combination technique out of 8 selected zones, zone 4 ranked the highest as opposed to zone 1 (lowest rank) as far as the urban welfare service indices are concerned . Furthermore, zones 4, 3, and 6 are categorized as privileged and abundant zones . This is followed by zones 7 and 8 known as semi privileged ones. However, zones 2 ,5 and 1 are categorized as deprived ones with respect to receiving urban welfare services.Based on forgoing discussions, Kandrast technique would be well justified to accomplish better allocation of urban services and combating spatial inequalities between Gorgan 's different zones. Our study reveals the drastic differences and inequalities among Gorgan's selected zones as far as urban welfare services is concerned. Zone 4, 3 and 6 are categorized as privileged and abundant zones. This is followed by zone 7 and 8 known as semi privileged ones and zones 2, 5 and 1 are categorized as deprived ones with respect to receiving urban welfare services. Regarding fair distribution of urban welfare services, the following recommendations sound appropriate :Urban planning key figures should involve and incentivize citizens in implementation of urban plans. That means more active community participation is highly recommended.

Rapid population growth, lack of resources, and mismanagement have made natural and human hazards more and more a major threat to human societies. This means that neighborhoods and urban areas will become the main source of many potential hazards. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and prioritize the neighborhoods of District 9 of Tehran in terms of residential vulnerability indicators using multi-criteria decision-making techniques. This research is theoretical-applied in terms of descriptive-analytical method and its nature. Therefore, in this study, using Shannon's entropy technique to the indicators (building age, materials used, quality of construction of buildings, floors, block placement status), the study was weighted and using WASPAS models, COPRAS, WSA was used to prioritize the vulnerability indicators of the neighborhoods and finally to achieve a single result in the assessment of the vulnerability of the neighborhoods, the integrated model was used. The results of the consolidated model model show that Fatah Industrial Neighborhoods with a score of 7 and Shahid Dastgheib with a score of (5) in terms of vulnerability in terms of urban housing indicators are at a low level of vulnerability and Imamzadeh Abdullah neighborhoods with Score (3) and Sword with Score (1) are in the average level in terms of housing vulnerability indicators, as well as South Mehrabad, Sar-e-Asiab-e-Mehr and Ostad Moin neighborhoods with a score of (-3) and Dr. Hoshyar neighborhood with a score of (7). -) In terms of housing vulnerability indicators, they are at a high level of vulnerability.

Throughout human history, there have always been arrangements to avoid natural and abnormal events. Passive defense has been for the past decades and centuries the protection and protection of natural and human enemies, and one of the most important approaches and strategies in crisis management in cities has been passive defense; The principle of defense in the creation of cities has always been taken into consideration, so considering land use planning is one of the key principles in passive defense.The purpose of this study is to investigate the religious applications of passive defense in Mashhad; this research is an applied research. At the same time, by nature, it falls into the category of descriptive and analytical research, where the information is collected and categorized into documents, then the information is analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Finally, multi-criteria decision making model (Topsis) is used to categorize the desired information. The results of this study show that most of the religious land uses are located around the city of Mashhad or in other words the primary core of the city. It can be said that the religious open-air area is in a much better condition in the districts one, two and three of Thamen, one district eight and one district 7. In the area of ​​religious access, 47% of the access is between 0 and 500 meters, and with this distance of 2204842 vulnerable 1900460 people fall under this radius. Religious per capita also emphasizes the area of ​​religious and vulnerable cadres indicating that areas one, three and four of the Thamen area, area four of the seven, are most favorable, and areas one and two of nine, area two, eight, Area Three, Area Seven, Area One and Two, Area 11, Area Three, Six and Four, Area Two, Area Three, Area Six, Area Three, Area Five, and Area Two, District 4 are in poor condition

One of the problems in analyzing hydro-political relations in the river system is that the same factors, such as water scarcity and economic development, can create a wide range of conflicts or partnerships. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the variables and indices of effective hydro-political relations between Iran and Turkmenistan. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In this study, in the first place, using the views of experts and experts in political geography and Delphi technique, 15 factors were identified as essential indicators affecting the relations between Iran and Turkmenistan in the future. In the second step, Dimetal method was used to analyze and rank the causes, causality and disability. The results of the research show that factors: drinking water with a score of 1.53, employment with a score of 1.45, water for Agriculture with a score of 1.17, geothermal atrak of Atrak (0.55), conflict of strategic interests of both countries (0.47), geopolitical position of Iran with score (0.34), safety of water resources with a score of 0.15 ) And Turkmenistan's geographic location with a score of (0.04) is in the category of causal indicators and is definitely one of the factors affecting the hydro-political relations between Iran and Turkmenistan. The role of global powers in hydro-political relations with the nation (-0.01), the weakness of water use technology with a score of (-0.08), the influence of countries in providing water-related rules (-45%), judicial security with a score of -0.46, The impact of Iran's regional water crisis on national security with a score of (-0.71), security and energy transfer with a score of 1.13 and weakness of Iran's hydro-politic policies with a score of 1.15 in the category of disabled indicators Which are definitely one of the most challenging challenges.

Millions of tourists visit the historic sites of war around the world every year, and predicted that war tourism in the 21st century will not only be a major subset of bitter tourism but also become one of the most popular types of tourism The movement of war is a service activity that has been developing rapidly in recent years. Meanwhile, Iran has many potentialities in war tourism, which is the legacy of Iraq's imposed war against Iran, the most important potential of war tourism in Iran. To analyze the data on the tourism infrastructure of the Holy Defense in the province of Ilam, extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of 1395, the combined multi-criteria decision-making techniques (WASPAS) in the software environment of the Excel spreadsheet and thus in order to map the spatial distribution of Ilam tourism infrastructure, Arc GIS software has been used. The results of the study show that according to the criteria for prioritizing the cities of Ilam province in terms of the tourism infrastructure of the Holy Defense, Ilam city with a score of 0.612 and Mehran with a score of 0.307 have respectively the first and second ranks are in the possession of infrastructure and have good conditions for the lure, especially the light path. Maleshahi and Sirvan cities with points (0.039) and (0.031) are ranked ninth and tenth respectively and are in very unfavorable conditions in terms of tourist encroachment, which should be considered by authorities and Provincial Land administrations are located in order to prioritize planning in future policies.

The housing category is very extensive and has different spatial, architectural, physical-physical, economic, and social dimensions. To provide this commodity, governments have taken different policies in such a way that post-revolutionary politics Various types of housing have been considered in order to support low income groups and groups in the country. One of the most massive and costly housing policies for low-income groups in Iran is the Mehr housing policy. The purpose of this study was to measure the housing design concept of Zareein city of Gorgan city in terms of urban housing sustainability indicators. The current research is applied-developmental and descriptive-analytical and survey method, which has been evaluated in the form of four indicators of physical, economic, socio-cultural and ecological stability. To analyze data and information from SPSS software, Friedman test, Pearson correlation coefficient and single sample t-test. According to Friedman test, the results show that the lowest status of housing stability indices is among the components of physical dimension (2.48) to the type of materials. Most of the economic aspects of housing (3.34) are related to the cost of housing. In the socio-cultural dimension, privacy of households has the lowest (2.47). Environmental components are least associated with the lack of parking space and green space (2.12). The highest correlation was found between the cultural and physical dimensions of housing, which is a positive correlation and correlation coefficient is equal to (0.46),

Today, communications and information play a fundamental and undeniable role in human progress and the development of societies. In this research, using the indicators of communication and information, we have focused on the level of information society society in the city of Golestan province. The research methodology is descriptive-analytic in nature and has a practical-developmental purpose. The required data are collected by library and documentation method. The techniques used in this paper are the feature coefficient, class difference difference, coefficient of variation, and the model of the wikker, and the Shannon Entropy method was used for scoring. Also, for analyzing the data, Excel software Has been used to display it as a spatial distribution of ARC GIS 9.3 software. The findings show that there is a significant difference between the city of Gorgan and the other provinces of the province in terms of having indicators of the information-communication society. Based on the results of the technique, the coefficient of feature of Gorgan city with a high attribute of 3355792 has a significant difference with other cities of the province and is tangible with the second city of the province in terms of having the indicators of the information and communication society - Gonbad Kavoos city with a coefficient of 623117 Should be. The combination of the results of the feature coefficient technique for classifying the province's cities in the class dispute resolution model is only in the Gorgan region in the first floor of the development and 13 other provinces in the province are placed in the deprived floor, namely, the fifth floor. The calculation of the coefficient of variation for analyzing the distribution of indicators also shows that the index of the number of printers with a rate of 3.24 is the distribution of inequality between the provinces of the province. The results of the viik technique show that the city of Gorgan focused on the indicators of the information-communication society and is the most deprived city in Gomishan.regional expansion, multi-criteria decision, Entropy, VIKOR, Golestan province.

The idea of livable cities is a new approach in which a comfortable urban environment is defined as a place for living, physical activities (urban facilities, infrastructure, spatial planning, etc.), and non-physical aspects (social relationships, economic activities, etc.). Whether living in urban or rural areas, every human being seeks to achieve desirable, satisfactory, and meaningful livelihoods which naturally requires a set of contexts and factors to enable humans make a living for themselves and their society founded on long-term welfare and comfort. Certain authors view such conditions as synonymous to livability or proper conditions for living. In general, the concept points to a set of objective features that transform a place into an environment where people would be willing to live in, both in present and future. Urban livability is concerned with aspects that play a role in increasing quality of life. Increased quality of live would, in turn, influence lifestyle and healthcare conditions, enhancing the sustainability of the built environment. One of the main causes of cities’ failure with regards to livability are their lack of identity which may be the result of the absence of many essential activities for urban vitality and enthusiasm as well as the poor quality of urban design and architecture. Gorgan is also facing issues. The expansion of the city of Gorgan has caused many changes and on the other hand, due to the rapid growth and development of the migration and the inefficiency of urban plans, has caused many problems in the economic, social, and environmental aspects that have made the city's viability decline. Gorgan has not resolved these issues. It is then necessary to examine its viability. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the biodiversity of Gorgan.

Since livability is a general concept, it deals with other notions such as sustainability, quality of life, spatial quality and healthy communities. Given the latest theories in urbanism, it can be said that the principles present in many of these theories such as sustainable development, smart growth, new urbanism, and compact cities are close to those with livability and quality of life enhancement. Subsequently, the criteria and indices under the focus of these theories can be applied to increase the livability of cities and urban regions. In other words, livability is multifold, hierarchical concept that may form in different levels as a set of criteria or sub criteria.

The present applied research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The total population of the study included the residents of Gorgan city regions. Data were collected using library and document studies while raw data were extracted from Grogan city land use. The Shannon Entropy technique was employed to assign weights to livability indices used in the study. The ELECTRE model was also used to evaluate the extent of livability in Gorgan city regions.

Results obtained from applying ELECTRE model to six regions of Gorgan city show that 404.20 hectares of the regions’ total area, that is, 11.14% involves very low livability, while 1577.41 (42.02%), 675.2 (18.62%), and 1022.5 (28.20%) hectares involve low, medium and high livability, respectively. The results indicated that the majority of Gorgan city regions are located in low livability areas.

In recent years, urban livability has been considered as one of the most important criteria indicating the level of comfort and welfare of societies at various levels; it has also been the focus of urban affair planners and managers. Subsequently, prioritizing and determining the extent of entitlement and deprivation in terms of livability aspects in urban regions are of major importance. In the present study conducted with the purpose of uncovering the status quo of Gorgan city regions, 16 indices were indicated for assessment. The ELECTRE model results showed a drastic difference between various regions of Gorgan city. Regions 7 and 8 involve the highest level of livability compared to other regions. Conversely, certain regions such as 1, 2, and 3 involve fewer facilities compared to regions 7 and 8 despite the fact they accommodate fewer population; these regions have failed to meet the needs of their residents efficiently in terms of livability conditions, being at very poor levels. Consequently, a set of recommendations were posed to enhance the level of livability in Gorgan such as increasing the area of green space per capita and construction of new, large and suitable parks with respect to the presence of unused lands as proper areas to be transformed into green spaces as well as providing necessary facilities, providing financial services and credits for deprived regions, particularly region 3 of Gorgan.

Leveling tourism destinations is used as an approach and strategy in order to decrease the misbalances of the area and region. In this manner, the present study is prioritizing tourism destinations infrastructure of Kermanshah province using the SAW and GIS technique. The infrastructures under study in this research includes tourism sample areas, transportation corporations, number of cinemas, theaters, fairs, Islamic holy places, gas stations, public inhabitants, transported passengers, travel agencies, and restaurants. For analyzing the related data related to the tourism infrastructures of Kermanshah province which are extracted from the annual statistics of the year 2013, the decision making technique of simple average weighting SAW in the software of excel and also in order to draw the map of spatial distribution of province’s tourism infrastructure the Arc GIS software was used. The results show that although the Kermanshah province has many touristic attractions but due to not-providing of equipment and required facilitations and imbalanced in distribution of tourism infrastructures, a massive difference exists in the manner of tourism infrastructure in the province. In a manner that the Kermanshah township as the center of the province has the most tourism infrastructure and solasbabajani has put the most enjoyable and the most deprived in the province.