fatemeh saeedi

Hafez"s poems have a worldwide reputation among researchers and poets and have fascinated many researchers. Gertrude Bell, traveler and orientalist, is also one of these enthusiasts. But, after a short acquaintance with Persian language and literature, he became fascinated with Persian culture and language and found a deep and unbreakable connection with Khwaja Shiraz, and from this passerby, he turned to the translation of forty-two ghazals and one quartet by Hafez. Bell believed that Hafez"s words and thought have a different meaning for western readers than what eastern readers get from it, and that the ethics of Hafez"s time are different from the moral system of our time, and that the customs and conduct of the East do not have much affinity with the West, and that The reflection and perpetuity of every belief and opinion of Divan Hafez depends on the reader"s reading, and probably each reader will reach a different result. Since Gertrude Bell in her comments and description of Hafez"s poetry, sometimes talks about contradictory words and in some cases she does not specify her position regarding the Sufi or non-Sufi interpretation of Hafez"s sonnets, therefore, in this research, we focused on it. According to the model of Andre Lefebvre"s seven techniques of translation, we will investigate this issue.

This research was done in a descriptive-analytical way. The authors have tried to analyze 15 ghazals from the Sufi and non-Sufi readings of Bell"s translation with the method of content analysis and library method, which is more related to the subject of the research and for the purpose of this article. have been more appropriate

In the translation of this sonnet, the number of verses has increased, as if the translator was trying to explain and understand the subject better. Some verses have been moved in the translation.

Bell"s interpretation of the sonnets and his reading in the translation of Hafez"s poems is mostly a non-Sufi reading and does not attempt to show Hafez"s thought mystically and Sufily. He likes the outward meaning and gets a lot of pleasure from it. In these 15 analyzed ghazals, Bel had a Sufi interpretation in the translation of 6 ghazals, and in 9 translations, his interpretation of Hafez"s speech was non-Sufi. Bell"s reading of Hafez and his sonnets, according to his own words, is not Sufi and does not introduce him as a religious teacher.

This research aimed to investigate the impact of digital marketing on the competitiveness of sports businesses through competitive intelligence and entrepreneurship. The research was descriptive-correlational in terms of type, applied in terms of purpose, and field-based in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of the present study was all managers and coaches of sports clubs in Rasht. To determine the minimum sample size, the method proposed by Barclay et al. (1995) for determining the minimum sample size in structural equation modeling was used. To generalize the sample to the research community, 220 questionnaires were distributed among managers and coaches of sports clubs in Rasht, and 196 questionnaires were analyzed. The results showed that digital marketing directly and significantly positively affected competitiveness, competitive intelligence, and entrepreneurship. Competitive intelligence had a direct and significant positive effect on competitiveness and entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship also had a direct and significant positive effect on competitiveness. Based on the findings of the research, club managers can use the positive effects of digital marketing along with the advantages of competitive intelligence and entrepreneurship to increase the competitiveness of their business increase customers, and increase profitability and productivity of the club.

This research combined previous research to analyze the barriers to employment in the Iranian sports labor market at three levels: micro, meso, and macro.

This qualitative study uses a meta-synthesis approach and the qualitative content analysis method. The statistical population included all domestic studies conducted between 1380 and 1402. In this way, 31 articles were purposefully selected. Using Sandlowski and Barroso's (2007) seven-step model, the findings of previous research related to the research objectives were reviewed, aggregated, synthesized, and interpreted. Using the ocoding method's identification and validation was confirmed through Cohen's kappa test (0.617).

Based on the findings, the barriers to employment in the sports labor market are classified into 66 sub-themes and 13 main themes at three levels: micro, meso, and macro.

The findings of this study show that employment in the Iranian sports labor market faces numerous obstacles. To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive and long-term approach by policymakers, managers, economic actors, and job seekers in this field is essential. At the micro level, skills training and strengthening personal characteristics; at the meso level, reforming the educational system, creating a labor market system, developing a strategic plan, strengthening sports-related associations and institutions, and increasing support; at the macro level, economic reforms, improving political relations, social support, technological advancement, and legal changes can lead to the creation of new and sustainable job opportunities in Iranian sports.

With a national vaccination program, we have achieved success in the prevention of infectious diseases in the community especially in children. Despite this great success, the side effects of vaccination may not encourage some people in the community to get vaccinated. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of common side effects of vaccination in Shahrood city.

This study investigated the incidence of complications caused by vaccination in infants and children under seven years old in Shahrood city in a 5-year period from April 2016 to March 2020. We collected demographic and clinical information, by referring to the health centers and complications recorded after routine vaccinations such as fever, rash, diarrhea, swelling and other complications of vaccination were collected.

Findings Among the 429 registered complications between 2016 and 2020, most complications were related to pentavalent and trivalent vaccines. Among the registered complications, high fever is the most common complication in both term and pre-term groups. (202 cases, 47.1%) other complications included maculopapular rash (59 cases), mild local complications (55 cases), vomiting (41 cases), and continuous screaming (36 cases), respectively. Among these, 123 cases were resolved without treatment, 297 cases were resolved with drug treatment on an outpatient basis, and only  eight cases required hospitalization.

In general, the vaccination program is highly effective despite having limited side effects.  Knowing this information, can increase vaccination in the country.

Recently, due to the increasing use of smart communication devices, every day more companies and people are moving towards the production of mobile applications, so that their products can be used more. The Android operating system is one of the new technologies that is updated in a short time, it is upgraded and more features are quickly added to make it more efficient. The Android operating system is the first comprehensive and complete mobile operating system that has been published as an open source. Although the development of mobile applications based on the Android operating system, in addition to undeniable advantages, also brings challenges that were among the motivations and goals of this research. Therefore, according to the popularity and importance of different aspects of this operating system and inspired by the work done in this field, in this study we have tried to review the capabilities, functions, versions, challenges, perspectives and solutions to solve this problem and challenges in the Android operating system.

This study aims to identify the appropriate methods for the financial block as one of the four main elements of Osterwalder's business model. The present study is based on qualitative studies and Brown and Clarke (2006) theme analysis method. The statistical population of the research encompassed owners and adept managers specializing in sport tourism, as well as employees of diverse sections of sport tourism businesses in Guilan province. Fifteen individuals were chosen applying purposive sampling with the help of snowball and non-random techniques, the sampling procedure continued until the theoretical saturation stage was reached. This research has been carried by content analysis method and making use of Max QDA software. Findings indicate that the components of the financial block for this type of business include ten main dimensions and 27 sub-dimensions in 2 themes (theme) including, revenue model and cost structure. The cost structure also includes the cost of infrastructure facilities, the cost of tours, the cost of human resources and the cost of training and the revenue model also includes health and sports tourism services, facility rent, athlete certification, membership fees, and the use of apps and financial needs. Financial modeling from qualitative data analysis helps sports tourism business owners to make decisions in calculating situations and thus comparing different scenarios.

This study examines the impact of intellectual and social capital on the detection of financial statement fraud and errors of the I and II types of audits of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. The logistic regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The research hypotheses were also tested using a sample of 187 companies from 2012 to 2017 using the logistic regression model based on the consolidated data technique. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a positive relationship between intellectual capital and social capital with fraud detection and a negative and significant relationship between intellectual capital and social capital with the I and II types of audit errors. Since there have been very few researches in this field and the present research was conducted in Iran, an emerging economy with special economic conditions, it can contribute to the development of science and knowledge and also solve the gap in the subject literature.

The tendency to beautify and beautify the desire to display beauty is one of the natural and innate tendencies of man, which from the beginning of life until now, man has always paid serious attention to it. Jewelry is one of the most important tools and elements of beauty, especially for women. Actually, the use of jewelry is a manifestation of beauty that has a serious presence in contemporary life compared to the past. in such a way that today the art-industry of jewelry making and production of all kinds of jewelry is considered one of the profitable and favored industries along with countless brands. in this art-industry, in addition to the quality of the material and its quality, "the form, design and body of the parts" is one of the most important components and indicators in the choice and favor of customers. therefore, the design and creation of popular forms and designs is one of the constant concerns of producers and one of the influential factors in the ups and downs of this field. designing jewelry is one of the prominent professions and important global skills in the world of beauty, grooming and business. Success in design requires having a certain amount of artistic and visual knowledge and skills, visual literacy, creativity and innovation, and more importantly, nobility in recognizing the visual and value-oriented treasures of the past and the knowledge of native art, which is the source is a fountain of ideas and creativity in designing, redesigning and producing modern works of art, especially ornaments and jewelry. in addition to the design and form, decoration and engraving of jewelry pieces is also of particular importance.directly exploiting or taking as a model the motifs and paintings of the native arts of Iran, such as hand-woven carpets in the design of ornaments, is one of the creative and innovative methods in creating ideas and creating original and eye-catching designs.from this point of view, the exquisite and original Farahan carpets that are kept in the Claremont collection are one of the valuable systems and rich resources in the design, redesign and production of contemporary works of art, which can lead to two desirable approaches: first, the preservation and introduction of Farahan carpets and their motifs as a component of identity and artistic heritage, and secondly, the use and application of patterns and paintings of this type of art in the formation and production of works and luxury and capital goods such as ornaments and jewelry. focusing on beauty and striving for beauty is one of the most important aspects of a person's life, which has been a kind of value, merit and necessity to be considered from the past until now. hence, the making of classical ornaments and jewels and artistic rhinestones is a strain of indigenous and contemporary art and knowledge, which is considered one of the most important arts and crafts. in the process of producing all kinds of decorative ornaments and original jewelry, important components are always considered by the designer, which include: the use of materials and the quality of construction, the design of the shape and drawing of the initial body and the shaping of the structure of the work, as well as the patterning and decoration of the ornaments. meanwhile, the design and creation of the shape and volume of all kinds of jewelry has a significant contribution to its success and acceptance by consumers and customers. on the other hand, the creative and innovative use and patterning of all kinds of motifs and patterns in traditional and native arts, such as the luxurious classical Iranian carpets, is a value-oriented look in the field of artistic productions and a new step in spreading this desirable attitude. for this reason, the main question of this research is how to use the treasure of Farahan carpet patterns in the design of today's ornaments and jewelry? therefore, the preservation and introduction of the exquisite Farahan carpets and their motifs as part of the artistic identity of this region in the form of their application and use in the design and production of various works of art is the aim of this research. this research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical research method. The method of data collection was in the form of a library and search in the sites of valid collections.

The present study was aimed at providing a feasibility model for the development of electronic sports with the approach of business and job creation. The research method is qualitative with exploratory nature and the data theory strategy of the foundation has been used in it. The statistical population of the study included elites and executive and academic specialists in the field of e-sports, business and employmentin Guilan province. Targeted and snowball sampling methods were used for sampling for semi-structured interviews. A total of 15 interviews were conducted and sampling continued until the study reached theoretical saturation and adequacy. The research findings show that after more detailed classification, 143 sub-concepts 73 concepts and 18 categories have been enumerated in the form of a paradigm model including the development of e-sports as a central category and causal conditions (nature of stakeholders (actors) of e-sports ecosystem, economic nature). Intervention conditions (legal challenges, structural challenges), contextual conditions (identification, attractiveness), strategies (infrastructure development, capacity development, managerial-structural development, socio-cultural development) and consequences (improvement and facilitation of e-sports business environment) were located. based on the qualitative approach, the feasibility model for the development of e-sports was reviewed and depicted, and based on it, it can be said that managers and officials can strengthen technological infrastructure, educational infrastructure and physical infrastructure while developing human capabilities, financial capabilities and the marketing and platforming capabilities of business creation, partnerships, financial incentives, and a focus on culture-building, and information dissemination improve and facilitate the e-sports business environment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of input sources, market position and creativity in creating a competitive advantage for sports businesses. This research was a descriptive-survey and in terms of practical purpose. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers of water sports recreational complexes in Tehran. To collect the data needed to test the hypotheses, a field method and a questionnaire were used. To obtain more confidence in the results, 80 questionnaires were distributed among managers in purposeful way in relation to the distribution of water sports complexes in five districts of Tehran province of which 75 questionnaires were analyzed. Findings showed that Input resources, market positioning and creativity power has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage.The results of this study are the purposefulness of the hybrid approach due to the ability to properly use input resources including human, organizational and financial resources, attention to customer capital and having competitive intelligence as creators and stabilizers in the market and also capital of innovation, information technology capability and knowledge management as the most important resources and elements in using creativity, they can bring a competitive advantage to businesses.

provide a model of international strategic branding of Iranian wrestling with export and currency approach.

The research method is qualitative with exploratory nature and the grounded theory was used in it.The data collection tool was in-depth and structured interviews with experts in the field of international sports based on wrestling. Selection of individuals and conduct of interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. Also, snowball sampling method was used to select the interviewees and the data obtained from the interview were coded and analyzed by grounded theorizing method.

A total of 153 initial codes were obtained from the analysis of 12 interviews. After extracting similar codes and after examining and putting them together and removing duplicate concepts, 53 main concepts were identified and were divided into 20 sub-categories. axial codes were categorized into 7 main categories. The obtained examples and concepts were in the form of a paradigm model including causal conditions, main phenomenon, intervening conditions, contextual conditions and consequences.

: the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that by adopting appropriate strategies such as having a strategic approach to wrestling, holding a quality wrestling league, global marketing, creating sports tourism, facilitating the possibility of exporting and currency wrestling, It can be achieved by gaining domestic and national interests, reducing political tensions, preventing the violation of wrestlers' rights in world competitions, and facilitating the acquisition of hosting world events.

Customer experience management is one of the most important activities for managers who are trying to grow and develop to achieve a favorable competitive position. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dimensions of customer experience in the process of using electronic services in information technology organizations (Hamrah-e-Aval). The method of this study is quantitative. In this regard, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the statistical population by the available sampling method. The data analysis method is structural equation modeling and the software used is SPSS25 and SMART PLS 3.0. Findings show that awareness is the first step in managing customer experience. The second step deals with the active organizational actor. The third step, or evaluation, is based on service characteristics and service arrangements. The fourth step (buying decision). Purchasing and the resulting experience is the fifth step. Step 6 (Use) is a function of activities including delivery and use. The seventh step is to repeat the purchase, complain or not react to the use of the product (service). Finally, the customer's secondary response is the last step of the customer experience model. Based on the findings of the present study, information interface can play a decisive role in shaping customer experiences. Therefore, it is suggested that in the active businesses in the information and communication technology industry, by studying the media and customer information tools, the most optimal and effective tools should be selected and used.

In this work, facile and efficient procedures were described for the synthesis of 4,7-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamides via three-component reaction of aryl aldehyde, acetoacetanilide and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. The reactions were performed using p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in refluxing EtOH or trityl chloride under solvent-free conditions at 80 ºC. Comparison of the results shows that both organic catalysts are effective for the synthesis of these fused heterocyclic compounds. Some advantages of these methods are short reaction times, good to excellent yields and easy to operate. Additionally, all products were obtained through simple filtration and no need for column chromatography or tedious work-up, which is an important factor to reduce environmental pollutions.

Nahj al-balagha and its lofty doctrines has a moral and educational presence and one of effective factors in human nurture is knowing superior moral patterns.Through visual observation of the pattern desirable behaviors, the human tries to make herself look like her in her behavior type and life style.Thus, knowing the educational mechanism of moral patterns, plays a key role in directing the educatee to perfection.Exploring the Nahj al-balagha context, one of the educational mechanism of moral patterns namely knowing intellectual foundations of the moral pattern which including his insight regarding monotheism, resurrection, and cosmology and due to those foundations, the educatee will be aware of the pattern’s behavioral principles and attractive objective samples is being provided for herself in which that fact is described in the form of narrative morality in IMAM ALI’s speeches and motivates the educatee for similarity searching to moral patterns in order to attain prosperity and perfection.In this paper, the aforementioned factors in IMAM ALI’s words is being investigated from Nahj al-balagha’s perspective with “Grounded Theory” method.

The present study aimed to identify the needs of counseling with the opposite sex with an Islamic approach by descriptive-analytical method. Findings show that same-sex counseling is allowed under certain conditions. Examining the Islamic view in this regard, as opposed to the two views of strict and careless, has a "moderate approach" to counseling with the opposite sex. Also, the findings of the study in examining the requirements of counseling with the opposite sex indicate that such things as "piety", "choosing the right place", "adhering to a chaste look", "adhering to the appropriate cover", "avoiding makeup", "Commitment to chaste dialogue", "brevity and self-sufficiency as necessary", "control of empathetic relationships" are among the most important requirements for counseling with the opposite sex. Therefore, the Islamic approach to counseling results in a noticeable difference from the do's and don'ts of healthy counseling for the opposite sex.

In recent years, virtual education has emerged as one of the important applications of new information and communication technologies in the world. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the virtual training course of nutrition programs in the Health System Evolution Plan on the knowledge and practice of primary health workers in Mashhad, Iran based on the Kirkpatrick Model.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 94 primary health workers in Health Center No. 1 in Mashhad. The sample size was calculated at 45 subjects and the samples were selected using a random number table. According to the staff training criteria, the training course with special conditions was held virtually based on the approved lesson plan. During the course, based on the Kirkptrick Model, a researcher-made questionnaire included four levels (reaction, learning, behavior, and results) was completed and scored based on a Likert scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21).

The mean score of the content quality of the course was 4.61±0.45; it means that the participants were very satisfied with the quality of the course content. The mean score of the presentation of the course was 4.5±0.6 indicatings the presentation of the course was very good. The mean score obtained from the course exam was 85.9±10.3. Besides, the mean score of skills acquired by the subjects was 4.75±0.34 which is considered a very good level. The mean score of the job performance of subjects was 4.55±0.54 which is also a very good level.

The in-service training course of nutrition programs in the Health System Evolution Plan was effective on the knowledge and performance of primary health workers in Mashhad.

Stem cell differentiation therapy is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. we show that protein cocktail prepared from serum starved fibroblasts has therapeutic potential based on this strategy.

The condition medium was prepared from foreskin isolated fibroblasts and analyzed by Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). LA7 mammary gland cancer stem cells originated tumors were induced in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats treated subcutaneously with DMEM (group A), condition medium (group B), or normal saline (group C) once daily for 7 days. Then the tumors were removed and divided into the two parts, one part was used to quantify gene expression by stem-loop RT-qPCR assay and the other part was used for Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E), Giemsa, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

All induced tumors appeared as sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC). Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed this conclusion by recognizing the tumor as Ki67+, cytokeratin+, vimentine+, and estrogen receptor negative SC. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Oct4-, Sox-2, Nanog- gene expression was much reduced in the condition medium treated tumors versus proper controls (p< 0.05). Tissue necrosis was more prevalent in this group while tumors volume was diminished almost by 40%. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis unrevealed the stemness reducing and the cell death inducing proteins such as, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), insulin like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) and -7 (IGFBP-7) in the condition medium.

This study showed that the substances released from starved human fibroblasts were able to down-regulate the stemness-related genes and induce necrosis in LA7 derived tumors.

Knowing and managing the concept of customer experience is the main factor in creating competitiveness for any organization. Moreover, without customer experience management, a business cannot specify appropriate strategies to maintain the current market and business sustainability. However, most of the existing studies have looked at this subject abstractly and have not provided a comprehensive model based on steps taken in the customer journey. This research aims to fill the gap by providing the body of knowledge with a comprehensive model for customer experience management, where the stepwise nature of the concept is maintained. Using a grounded theory (GT) strategy, 20 experts in the Iranian IT sector took part in this study. Data gathered using an interview protocol that was made based on reviewing the existing literature. Both reliability (Inter-coder rating) and validity (face and content validity) measures for the data gathering tool were obtained. Three coding approaches of grounded theory (open, axial, and selective coding) were applied to analyze the data. This study introduced a stepwise model of customer management experience through the customer journey steps. The model also contains the prerequisites conditions to realize the customer experience in the IT sector and reveals the contextual factors affecting the process and finally the consequences of applying the model.

Immunometabolism targeting therapy of auto-inflammatory diseases is an emerging strategy compared to immune system global suppression. However, our knowledge in this field needs promotion.

We examined the effects of serum starvation stress on metabolic activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Fresh immune cells were isolated from four healthy adult volunteers and cultivated with or without fetal bovine serum (FBS) at various time points under standard conditions. Glucose and intra- and extracellular lactate levels were assessed using routine techniques, and 3-(4, 5 -dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay was used to determine mitochondrial function.

Spindle shape macrophage-like cells, which appeared early, were replaced at 96 h by large round monocytes/macrophagelike cells, with more frequency in the non-starved group. Interestingly, serum starvation dictated a status, especially in monocyte/macrophage-like cells, that led to prolong decrement in mitochondrial dehydrogenase-mediated reduction of MTT. This difference was confirmed with the MTT assay quantitatively (P < 0.05). Moreover, the intra- and extracellular lactate concentrations were lower in starved cells than in non-starved controls (P < 0.05), and glucose levels were higher in 72 h starved cell culture supernatants than in non-starved control cells (P < 0.05).

This study showed that under serum starvation-induced metabolic stress, lactate production is altered in immune cells, and total oxidative mitochondrial activity is reduced in macrophage-like cells. These findings open a new window to target immune cell metabolism for the treatment of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Traditional transplant methods have been replaced by tissue engineering as a novel treatment. It involves the use of nanocomposite scaffolds with or without cells. Bacterial infection is one of interfering factors against suitable wound healing because it poses the site at risk of long-term side effects. Protection of wound from bacteria is necessary for its better recovery. Selection of appropriate materials for wound dressing is facilitated by understanding of wound healing mechanism and the compounds’ properties. Our study aimed to evaluate biological characteristics of chitosan (CS)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (50:50) scaffold reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) for wound healing.

For fabrication of nanocomposites, ultrasound waves helped in better distribution of GO within the polymer matrix and scaffolds were prepared by casting method. The nanocomposite scaffolds were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to find out dispersion of GO in the polymer matrix. Biological characteristics were examined by in vitro antibacterial tests.

The scaffold reinforced with 3% (w/w) GO showed better morphological and biological properties than the others. Suitability of the scaffolds for cell proliferation was confirmed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell toxicity test. Absorption (λ = 570 nm) of CS-PVA (50:50)/3% (w/w) GO scaffold increased by 84% compared to CS-PVA (50:50) scaffold. Inhibition zone of CS-PVA (50:50)/3% (w/w) GO was 18 and 20 mm for Pseudomonas aeru-ginosa and Micrococcus luteus, respectively, that was higher than the inhibition zone measured for CS-PVA (50:50) scaffold. According to cell viability result, mouse fibroblast cells (L929) could adhere on the CS-PVA (50:50)/3% (w/w) GO nanocomposite scaffold. In conclusion, GO could improve the biological properties of CS-PVA (50:50) scaffold so that the complex would be appropriate for wound healing.

One of the most effective ways to measure the value of a scientific work is to evaluate the impact of subsequent works. This influence can be traced both to the personality of the author and to the content of the author. Nahj al-Balaji is an ancient and methodical commentary by Nahj al-Balagha, written by Qutb al-Din Ravandi and is one of the most important accounts of Nahj al-Balagha. A study of the work written after this explanation makes it clear that the scholarly position of the author and author had a great influence on the later exponents of Nahj al-Balagha. Among the recent studies in which this influence has had a high frequency is the intrusion of Nahj al-Balagha's description of Habibollah Khoi and the Bahaj al-Sabbagha's description of Nahj al-Balagha's Muhammad Taqi Shushtari, which also influenced his scholarly content and method. This influence has been echoed in two ways by the endorsement of Ravandi's views and his criticism of these two commentaries, and has appeared in a wide range of subjects such as literary, historical, and analytical. The main causes of Khoi and Shooshtar's critical approach to Ravandi are to gain a proper understanding and real meaning of the Imam's words.

Understanding the Interpretative Approaches of Imam Ali In Nahj al-Balagha with emphasis on the description of Ibn Abi al-Hadid Imam Ali (PBUH), trained and trained by the Prophet (peace be upon him) of Rasikhan in Science and Conscious in Science And Nahj al-Balagha is the Prophet of the Holy Spirit who is one with the Qur'an and hence called this book "Uq al-Qur'an. In the context of Nahj al-Balagheh, there are several propositions implying the interpretations of Imam Ali in different fields. Whereas interpretation is the expression of the truth and the approach of the speaker and the expressive reference of his word to the truth that has attained objective reality, Imam Ali has interpreted matters in Nahj al-Balagha with many approaches. These approaches include the interpretation of some of the verses of the Holy Quran, the interpretation of the truth of divine attributes through the description and comparison of human attributes, and the expression of external examples, and the objective embodiment of the Qur'anic promise and doomsday. In this article, the mentioned factors have been studied in a descriptive way, with emphasis on Ibn Abi al-Hadid's commentary.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of customer knowledge management on fitness clubs customer lifetime value in Rasht.

This study was descriptive-survey one. In this research a self-made questionnaire including 13-questions customer knowledge management questionnaire and 23-questions customer lifetime value questionnaire is designed. Statistical society includes female and male customers of Rasht fitness clubs. Subjects were selected by cluster sampling in Rasht 5 areas and eventually 460 customers cooperated with the research. In order to analyze the data SPSS 23 and Smart PLS are used.

Results shows that customer knowledge management has a significant positive effect on customer lifetime value and its dimensions, and high factor coefficients of research conceptual model indicates that customer knowledge management classification is positively effective on attracting customers, customers keeping in contact with club and also their beneficence.

Finally, using the results of this research can be said that customer knowledge management has a significant effect on customer lifetime value and this way Rasht fitness clubs managers can make profit margin whit the use of customer knowledge management.

Nahj-ul-Balagha and its invaluable teachings have a moral position. All the speeches of Imam Ali in different domains are based on ethics and reasoning. Attention to the end and the results of ethics is expressed in a number of ways in Nahj-ul-Balagha. Also, teleology is one of the normative ethical theories that search for the criterion of value and moral obligation in the results of an ethical practice. In the moral school of the Imam, among the indicators of teleology are: and indicators of finalism (teleology) consist of relationship between moral codes, the fruits that are due to the necessity of doing things and the necessity of those acts and exhortations, including auditing and the existence of rewards for action. On the one hand, with the existence of ethical finalism propositions in Nahj-ul-Balagha, it has never been used to gain more profit from wrong ways. In this article, employing a descriptive method, the factors mentioned in the speeches of the Imam have been studied from the perspective of Nahj-ul-Balagha.

Nahj al-Balagha and its high education have a moral and educational background And all the Speech of Imam Ali in different scenes are based on ethics and reasoning Imam Ali, in all aspects of life, always paid attention to the duties and implementation of right and justice And never used non-religious and immoral tools and methods to achieve their transcendental goals The moral duty school is one of the normative moral theories that cares about the specific characteristics of self-action and task performance, regardless of its consequences Examined in the context of Nahj al-Balagha, numerous propositions imply that the ethical duty of Imam Ali's moral school is ethical And some indicators have been put forward for duty in Nahj al-Balagha That include paying attention to the golden rule, keeping the adherence to the quality of tool employing, the existence of absolute moral rules (including honesty, faithfulness to the covenant and bailment), the principle of justice and the principle of truth-seekingIn. this article, based on Grounde method, the factors mentioned in the speech Imam has been studied from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha