javad asghari

Qasim Amin, the Egyptian reformer philosopher, examined women's issues—specifically the topic of veiling in Egyptian society—in his two publications, Tahrir al-Mar’a and Al-Mar’a al-Jadida. These works were translated during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi I under the directive of the governing authority. Amin aimed to contest prevailing notions of veiling by reinterpreting Islamic jurisprudence, with the objective of reconstructing and institutionalizing novel social norms. This study utilizes Teun van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis to investigate the correlation between social occurrences and discursive propositions as actions, while also assessing the translations of Amin’s works as translational actions within the theoretical framework of Skopos theory. The findings reveal that at the syntagmatic level, diverse types of signification—including alterations in linguistic patterns, omissions, notable additions, and changes in modality—were identified in relation to the source text. Selection processes were apparent in the choice of language, terminology, and linguistic structures, indicating semantic differences from the original text. The tactics of meaning and selection in the translated texts served to replicate sanctioned information, bolster ideologically endorsed beliefs, and foster attitudes, norms, and values consistent with state authority and hegemonic goals. This approach specifically legitimized the unveiling law and institutionalized it as a legal norm within society.Keywords: Qasim Amin, Power, Translational Action, Critical Discourse Analysis, Skopos.

AbstractThe details of the fundamental mechanisms of translation can be analyzed through Semiotics. In his various works, Umberto Eco, one of the semioticians, has studied the symbolic aspects of translation. Umberto Eco's semiotics is based on how the text is combined with the reader's personal and cultural encyclopedia. In Echo's view, text has two levels of expression and content, and in poetry, expression prevails over content. In translation of poetry, the expression essence in the target text tries to be equal to the essence of expression in the source text so that it can affect the audience almost like the source text. The present investigation, using a descriptive-analytical method and a semiotic approach based on Umberto Eco's view, studies the transfer of Adonis's poetic signs at expressive substance level in the Persian translation process .To this purpose, Adonis's three volume book entitled" the past, the place of the present" translated by Amirhossein Allahyari (2019) is examined. At linguistic essence level, words and grammar are studied, and at the level of non-linguistic essence, puns, rhymes and melodies are studied. The result of this research shows that the transfer of the signs of Adonis's poetry in Allahyari translation is more pronounced at the level of non-linguistic essence. In order to convey the signs of Adonis's poetry in translation, after establishing a connection between the various linguistic and non-linguistic essences in the text of the poem, Allahyari negotiates them and uses encyclopedic information to create a text in the target language that affects the audience like Adonis's poetry; In this regard, he has sometimes neglected his allegiance to the essence of language.

Currently, there is no precise and all-encompassing model available for evaluating the translation unit in the translation of the Quran. To attain such a model, it is necessary to first analyze the effectiveness of the components of the translation unit. In this new study, we aim to examine the translation unit used in translating the Holy Quran. This essay starts off by looking at how translation theorists have approached the idea of translation units. Following that, a thorough study and analysis of the translation units utilized by Quran translators in Iran have resulted in critiques of their effectiveness in interpreting the Holy Quran. In this study, alongside the utilization of translation units suggested by Western theorists, an additional groundbreaking unit was employed—a sub-word unit—which has not yet been utilized by any translation theorists in the Western context as a recognized translation unit. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the translation unit. The examined translations include Moezi, Payandeh, Makarem Shirazi, and Ansarian's translation. The research findings indicate that the translation of the Holy Quran can be approached using several units, such as word unit, sentence unit, thinking unit, text unit, culture unit, and even units smaller than a word. The choice of unit depends on the specific context of each verse and the perspective of the translator. The percentage of sentence unit usage among the mentioned translators is higher than that of other units. Based on the research findings, it is not permissible for translators to make any modifications to the content of the Qur'an during translation. Therefore, the recommended translation unit for the Holy Qur'an is the sentence unit, which has proven to be the most impactful.

Proper nouns are one of the most important cultural categories in any language. This importance is felt more in some texts, such as the Holy Quran because of its features, especially when such texts are translated into another language. Previous studies in the field of translation of proper nouns have been mainly related to the reflection of such nouns in fiction and novels, and not much attention has been paid to the reflection of proper names in Quran translations, particularly Persian translations. In the present study, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, we have tried to study the reflection of Quranic proper nouns (with the focus on Surah al-Baqarah) in six Persian translations: Translation of Tafsir al-Tabari, the 10th century A.H. Translation, Elahi Qomshei, Ansari, Rezaei Esfahani and Safavi, and to show what strategies these translations have used in translating Quranic proper nouns. In this regard, we have placed proper nouns under seven groups, and identified fourteen strategies, which some of them are adapted from previous studies in the field of translating proper nouns, and some of them are a combination of two independent strategies. The research results show that the three main strategies of the six translations in dealing with proper nouns are: "Replacement by a noun from the target language", "Transference (without any change or with a slight change)" and "translation".

It is very important to deliver the information to the audience in sensitive religious texts correctly. Given the significance of this issue and the need to avoid translating from personal opinions, the current essay has attempted to examine the Qur'anic translation. In other words, the purpose of the study is to assess the Quran's method of message delivery in light of its implications. The "compensation" method, which Vinet and Darbelnet refer to as a message transmission strategy, is the theoretical model for this study. It hasn't been employed individually in the evaluation of translations by replicating the message, compensating attempts to send a message that the reader will find challenging to grasp while lessening the effect of the original material on the intended audience. This indicates that the translator makes up for parts of the translated text that was decreased by adding other parts. Verse translations by Makarem, Qomshei and Sadeghi from Surah Yusuf serve as the basis for the data in this study. The study approach is likewise descriptive-analytical in that after providing samples of the desired surah and outlining the sort of compensation made in them (required or voluntary), the effectiveness of employing this tactic and the results of its use will be examined and assessed. After reviewing the samples at the conclusion of the study, it was discovered that the translators' payment was voluntary rather than required. When it comes to compensation effectiveness, it should be noted that while the majority of obligatory compensations were efficient, only about half of the discretionary compensations were. Additionally, the frequent use of optional compensations shows that the translators have authority over the translated material and that their ideas, particularly those of Qomshehi, are fully applied.

Relying on Newmark's theoretical framework, the present study examines the quality of transferring the unit of culture and the performance of translators in translating the novels Miramar, Zaqaq al-Muddaq, and the Nile Trilogy by Najib Mahfouz, The Season of the Hijrah to the North, and Ars al-Zain by al-Tayyib Saleh and Daruz al-Bulgrad by Rabbi to measure the degree of conformity of translation with the components of this theory. After reviewing and adapting the original text and Persian translation based on Newmark theory, it was found that in translating these novels, the methods of transmission, localization, and cultural equivalent have been most used in transmitting the unit of culture. Cases have not been successful in conveying cultural categories. Many cultural categories, including the names of food, clothing, antiquities, institutions and organizations, customs, etc., without explanation in the footnote, are only transferred to the target culture and make it difficult for the reader to understand, which is one of the weaknesses of translators.

Today's world, which can rightly be called the world of scientific progress and development, is growing and expanding at an unimaginable speed. This expansion is not only in the technical and experimental sciences, but also in the humanities. One of the results of this amazing growth and development of human sciences and knowledge is the multiplicity of scientific writings and writings that are presented to human society by thinkers and scientists. In a way, it can be said that our age is an era in which writing and writing are created more than any other period. Due to the growth of knowledge, these writings go beyond the scope of the author and author environment and are spread and spread throughout the universe. In order to support the translator's valuable and arduous efforts to return the work or book, legal systems and governments have long enacted measures and laws to stop the looting of translators' efforts by profiteers. On the other hand, to encourage and support this important group that is the mediator of the transmission of human knowledge. In this research, we intend to examine the rights of translators with the focus on the book "Fundamentals and rules of the translation industry".

Indefiniteness is a very common phenomena in Arabic texts, especially the Holy Quran, and has various meanings. Awareness of these meanings is essential for the translator and helps him/her to convey the meaning correctly. By using descriptive-analytical method, this paper has tried to point out the meanings hidden in indefinite words and criticize its representation in six different Persian translations (translation of Tafsir al-Tabari, the 10th century AH Quran, Elahi Qomshei, Ansari, Rezaei Esfahani and Safavi) of Surah Al-Baqarah. The results indicate that although the translators have, in some cases, succeeded in representing the indefiniteness of the words of the original text in their translations and in this respect, Rezaei Esfahani has the best and Elahi Qomshei the worst performance, the total performance of the six translations is not such that it can be considered as appropriate and successful. Some of the cases that indicate this poor performance of translators are: 1. Reflecting the indefiniteness of the word and not reflecting its meaning; 2. Discarding the indefinite in some syntactic functions such as Haal; 3. Not paying attention to a word that is used in a phrase (verse) both as indefinite and definite; 4. Insufficient attention to the indefinite word that is mentioned twice in a phrase; 5. Reflecting the indefiniteness of a word and the lack of representation of this feature in another word that are joined by coordinating conjunctions.

Translation of the Qur'an as the most sensitive text needs to be accurately assessed. Reviewing and evaluating the Holy Qur'an's translation have been the subject to different books and articles for many years, but these reviews are often empirical and do not follow any special theoretical basis or pattern. Translation theorists have presented different models for evaluating translation, but there has not been a rigorous scientific model for evaluating translation from Arabic to Persian, and in particular, translating the Holy Qur'an so far. Systematic evaluation should be based on scientific theories and models. The focus of the present paper for evaluating Rezaee Isfahani’s ST-oriented translation is on five surahs of the Holy Qur'an, based on Antoine Bremen's translation assessment model, which emphasizes the maintenance of the nobility of the ST and avoidance of alteration in translation. According to Berman's explanation, translation is the “trial of the foreign”. To create a sense of familiarity with the foreign text, it will construct a relationship between the “self-same” and the foreign. Again, it is a trial of the foreign since the root of the foreign work is its language ground. In Berman's word, this trial, often an exile, can also exhibit the most singular power of the translating act: to reveal the foreign work’s most original kernel, its most deeply buried, most self-same, but equally the most ‘distant’ from itself. Therefore, he attends to inspect the system of textual deformation that operates in all translations to prevent them from being a “trial of the foreign” and called this the analytic of translation. As he claims the analysis to be provisional, he strongly believes that it requires additional inputs from other “domains”. Deforming tendencies interfere in the domain of literary prose. Language-based cosmos is in some aspects shapeless, which has generally been described negatively. Negative analytic should be considered through its positive counterpart. By presenting 13 deforming tendencies in translation, Burman proposes the negative analytic for ethnocentric, annexationist, and hypertextual translations. He also stresses that a positive counterpart by other translators should extend this analysis. To study the effectiveness of Berman's model in the evaluation of the Qur'an translation, this paper renders an analysis to the rationalism of Rezaee Isfahani’s translation. Rezaee Isfahani introduces his method of translation as “sentence for sentence” rather than “word for word” and free. The priority in his translation is precision and it follows certain interpretive, theological, lexical, and literary principles. Another important notion, which we faced with, is rationalization that is concerned with syntactical structures of the original, starting with punctuation. Rationalization recomposes sentences and the sequence of sentences, rearranging them according to a certain idea of discursive order and destroys the element of the drive towards concreteness in prose. Generally, rationalization deforms the original by reversing its basic tendency. This paper attends to the positive and negative analytic of data. In positive analytic, the translator's success and failure in the case of avoiding rationalization will be evaluated against other translators.According to Berman, positive analytic will construct a kind of anti-system the purpose of which is impoverishing or limiting the deformation of negative tendencies.In negative analytic, on the other hand, the cases in which the translator has used rationalization will be studied and it will be determined if it is possible to avoid rationalization or not after comparing the translation with other translations and text analytics. This study also shows that rationalization is both compulsory and optional. Optional rationalization should be used in negative analytic while it should be avoided in positive analytic. Optional refers to unnecessary changes that are related to the translator's style and preferences. Compulsory rationalization, on the other hand, should be considered as a supplement in using the Bremen’s model to evaluate the translation of the Qur'an. Compulsory refers to the change of grammatical categories and meaning when it is necessary, and it is related to the differences between the two languages. The cause of compulsory rationalization in the translation of the Qur'an can be searched in three sources. The first one is the probable oddness of the translated text owing to the lack of similar structures in TL which lead to literal translation. However, the absolute avoidance of rationalization in translation from Arabic to Persian is not possible due to fundamental differences between the two languages. This problem is minimized in the languages of the same family. The second factor is rooted in the language of Qur'an. The Arabic language is much more widespread than the Arabic grammar, and the Quran is revealed in the Arabic language, not Arabic grammar. On the other hand, some Qur'anic scholars believe that the language of the Qur'an uses the word for the sake of meaning and rationalization is in conflict with these principles. The third point is to pay attention to the cause of displacement in recognizing the necessity or unnecessary maintenance of displacement of Quranic expressions. The displacements caused by the differences between the two languages constitute unmarked information structure and do not harm the translation. However, the stylistic and rhetorical displacements that constitute the marked information structures must be preserved in translation.

The sensitivity of the text of the Qurchr('39')an requires careful evaluation of its translation. Such evaluation requires a scientific basis and a comprehensive model. In recent years, evaluators have used Translation evaluation models in evaluation of Quran translation, but those models are not designed to criticize the translation of a sacred text. Given the specific features of the Qurchr('39')an, its translation evaluation requires a distinctive and indigenous model. In order to design such a model, it is necessary to examine the models presented in translation studies. To this end, this paper studies the Garces’ model and its efficiency in evaluating the translation of the Qurchr('39')an. For this purpose, present paper evaluates the TT-oriented translation of Makarem and looks for efficient and inefficient components of the Garces’ model and its advantages and disadvantages. This study shows that the components of definition, expansion, Transposition, Modulation Explanation, creative expansion, inappropriate expression in TT, elaboration, and Variation in the use of rhetorical figures are the most efficient components in evaluating of Quran translation. On the other hand, Suppression of committed subject, Suppression of marginal text and Moderation in conversational expressions are inefficient and the other components have little efficiency. The advantages of the Garces’ model are its multilevel and minimized components, as well as its special attention to the rhetorical figures. The disadvantages of this model are the general division of the components into positive and negative, regardless of their necessity, some components interference, and the lack of components for discursive cohesion.

The topic of changes in meaning and its causes has always been one of the interests to linguists and semantic scholars. Semantic studies examine this changes in different ways. One of the ways of approaching the reason for the diversity and meaning of vocabulary is to study the semantic lexical process. The present study is intended to explain the process of the semantic transformation of the word "Buruj" with the approach of historical semantics, by exploring the vocabulary, interpretations, ancient poems, translators of Qoran and the etymology in Semitic languages. The analysis of the semantics of the word ”Buruj” indicates that the meaning of this word is limited in Semitic, and when the word is entered in Arabic, its semantic circle has expanded. This process of development has continued in the sensory meaning , abstract meaning and ideological meaning.

One of the approaches of comparative literature and cultural studies is criticizing post colonialism which analyzes the impacts of colonialism in literary texts and deals with discovering post colonialist parameters in literature. Perhaps it could be say, post colonialism is one of topics that has caught critic’s attention even in 2001. Abdul karim nassif is contemporary capable Syrian writer who is unknown for Iranian readers. He has tried by authoring the book "Road to the sun: East –west" to place the issue of countering colonialism as your top priority. this writer presented consequence colonialism in Syria during the invasion by France. In addition to, He puts forward pensive ideas concerning land independence with safeguarding traditional values of the Arab world’s awakening a nation’s fight to gain freedom a parallel to romantic subject. The present research attempts to take a step in this critical domain to allocate postcolonial protagonists of the novel such as orientology, european-centeredness, the other and subaltern based on emphasis of descriptive-analytic method in this novel. The result shows that how the writer has been able to describe the colonial effects and consequences political, sociological and economical in the middle east, especially in syria by using postcolonial view using a multi-layered narrative and display the negative impacts and feedback of colonialism with the field of this approach and to play a role through reviving cultural and national traditions or sternghtening them. It could be say that the postcolonial protagonists orientology has considerable impact in this novel. As a matter of fact, by highlighting the manifestation of the eastas the post-colonialism and the element of location in this novel, the writer shows the confrontation of the two east and the west cultures on the hand, and on the other hand, with the presence of the protagonist in the east, he incites a kind of patriotism feeling in him.

The topic of Hyperbole has been taken into consideration in various sciences of Arabic language, but less has been taken into additional verb, especially in the Holy Qur'an. The abundance of Hyperbole in the Qur'an's additional verbs and the semantic delimitations of these sentences and the lack of sufficient attention by translators in translating them necessitates research and review of this subject. In the present research, through the descriptive-analytical method, the challenges of the concept of Hyperbole and its reversal in lower Quran additional verbs have been examined. The purpose of this research is to introduce these challenges and ultimately provide a more accurate translation of the Qur'an. According to the findings of this research, at least three major challenges in this regard can be identified: The multiplicity of meanings of third person verb and the glorification of more famous meanings, the interconnection of the two concepts of "plurality" and " Hyperbole", and mistake in identifying the subject of Hyperbole. Moreover, the study of sample verses in this study shows that the general Persian interpretations and translations have a weakness and inadequacy in the understanding and transference of the concept of Hyperbole of additional verbs in the Qur'an. In addition, the method of analyzing verses in this study reveals that it is not easy to distinguish between the implication of verbs on Hyperbole, and can not be understood solely by relying on the mere meaning of the terms and generalities contained in the mere books on this subject. Instead, it is necessary to interpret the text of the verses and analyze its space using the inner and outer metamorphosis in order to recognize the implication of Hyperbole in the additional verbs of the Qur'an.

The present study investigated the novel Druze of Belgrade in the shadow of cognitive semantics. This research aims at determining how cognitive semantics functions in polysemic analysis through investigating the meanings of some polysemic words in Arabic. Accordingly, ten words used in the novel with various meanings, were selected and after analysis of their meanings based on the Lakoff and Brugman’s theory survaing the validity of this theory were proved. This theory claims that polysemy is one of the fundamental features of the word and is the result of metaphorical extension of the prototype meaning of the word and is not the production of using word in a particular context. Moreover, it states that the metaphorical extension is the meaning of root prototype in the nature of man's relationship with the outside world and it has an experimental basis. The efficacy of considering the elements of this approach including visual schema, radial category and prototype was proved in finding the correct meaning of polysemic words in Arabic language that is a new step to further improve quality of translation.

One of the techniques in writing novels is multi-voice technique, which is considered as a connection between classical and realistic novels. The origin of this technique of novel writing can be traced in American and European literature. In contemporary Arabic literature‚ many multi-voice novels have emerged. This story writing style has a considerable impact on the contemporary Syrian realistic writer‚ Nassif. He is one of the authors who has used this narrative style in his novels. In this research, we intend to review two of Nassif’s novels focusing on the structural features of those multi-voice novels (i.e. lack of consistency of discourse ‚ conversation, and language variety). In the course of this review ‚ we will explain the content and the theme of the stories. The results show what multi-voice form characterizes these two novels and how the writer depicts the current phenomenal events in the Middle East by using this narrative technique from the viewpoints of different people. So, it can be said that the method of the study is descriptive-analytical.

The western symbolism that characterized in France at the late nineteenth century invaded the Arabic modern literature and had great effect on development of its forms and genres especially on the theater. Actors arose in Arab world take principles of symbolism in their productions among them Ali Oqla Orsan who is truly master of writing، presenting and criticism of theater in Syria. His symbolic theaters include “al-Sheikh wa al-Tariq”، “Zowar al-Lail” and “Tahawolat Azef al-Nai”. In this research we try to analyze symbolic aspects of “Zowar al-Lail”. This theater tells us about psychological conflict that suffers Ahmad، hero of theater، and drags him to suicide for he was committed bad works to his beloved (Hend). She loved him and trusted in him but he leaved her alone before her achy fate. From this viewpoint we extracted the symbols and analyzed modality of its inspiration from its title and thought and then its characters، time and place. At the end and by reliance on technical method we conclude that Orsan in this theater and in its semantic employment، try to talk about human psychological conflict that arises with his sins during his life.

Thousand and One Nights as the most famous collection of fairytales, with peculiarity of being multi-cultural, has often been the center of attraction of great eastern and western writers. Here, Naguib Mahfouz, the winner of 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature, has based one of his famous works on "Thousand and One Nights" and compiled in similar fashion hence; this research has comparatively analyzed the two works in explaining similarities and differences from their elemental and structural aspects as well as thematic and contextual domains of the two books. A complete structural study of the two works and comparison of anecdotes and personalities that Mahfouz derived from the Thousand and One Nights indicate that in this work in order to safeguard the actual framework of anecdotes, characters, heroes and anecdotal elements of main book, Mahfouz could successfully narrate them in differet time epoch. In this work Mahfouz could narrate the anecdotes of Thousand and One Nights with supreme skill in different time and wherever there was technical problem in the actual classic work, in the work Mahfouz could write in a way that those problems were elevated.

Rabi Jabir is the great Lebanese author, novelist and journalist, whose novels have been translated to many languages, including French and German. This paper aims to define the creative aspects of his works. Starting with a summary of his life, it goes through the study of seven novels of Jabir’s works, including Black Tea, The Blue Moth, The Last House, Ralph Rizqallah in the Looking-Glass, The Mehlis’Report, Confessions and Byretus Underground City. The first section of the article entitled Language and Reality, reviews the aspects of «postmodernism» and the language games and the elements of metafiction in these works. In the second section, -Designing New Point of View- the innovations in this field -including the dead narrator and the audience narrator- are studied. In the third section, entitled Intertextuality, the textual links between the great novelists’-e. g. Franz Kafka- and Jabir’s works are pointed out. End up in the fourth section- Postcolonial Viewpoints- Homi Bhabha’s «post-colonial» theories are applied to Rabi jabir’s novel The Blue Moth.

This paper studies the psychological, religious, political and social themes in the ''Stories of Haratna" by Nagib Mahfouz. This article considers the foundation of the psychological thoughts of Mahfouz that have their roots in Sigmund Freud and Gustavo Yong. Mahfouz's religious thoughts are the expression of his personal thoughts and experiences and his social and political thoughts are Marx's philosophy of socialism. The chosen collection which is an introduction to the third phase of Mahfouz's story writing embodies unique narrative structure. Thus, before considering the themes, the narrative structure of the collection will be explored.

In this paper, at first we reviewed the topics of literary modern criticism and psychological criticism and relationship between psychology and literature, paving the ground for the entry in the main topic. Then We critique the modernist novel «when we left the bridge» by Abdul Rahman Munif through archetypes put forward by psychologists and critics. In this paper criticism of the novel mentioned on the basis of these original models is: the self, the sage old man, the keeper of the threshold, the Prophet, the colored, the shade and the clown

This study investigates broadly the school of Formalism and the views of its theorists on basis of text analysis, then explain Vladimir Prop’s morphological pattern that is substructure of many patterns of structural, morphological and narrative analysis. Prop’s pattern is based on pragmatics or work of characters and elements of the story is determined by function of every character and compass of his work. After explanation of Prop’s pattern and introducing the movement in the stories and manner of its combination based on his viewpoint survey samples from anecdotes of thousand and one nights, then draw diagrams about text structure story movements. This study demonstrates that Prop’s patterns are applicable on tales of thousand and one night has used different manner of story movements.

In This research, accomplished Consideration of Fictional Virtues of Gabra Ibrahim Gabra in angle of his famous work, “Research for Valid Mosoud” because of two cultural, social and literary progress Modernism and Post Modernism is more obvious then his other works in form and con feat. Gabra Ibrahim Gabra traced in this fictional work his artistic movement from Modernism to post Modernism in edent manner. We notice in this novel important specialty of Modern novel like anterior monologue, stream of consciousness, psychological time, and important specialty of Post Modern Novel laid absence of pilot, antihero and antinovel. Also we point to questions a bout Modern and Post Modern thought and incarnation of these questions in “Research for Valid Masoud”. Likewise we go to proof that this novel is consisting the two aspects e.g. Modernism and post Modernism.

This article tries to introduce Ibrahim Nasrallah one of the prominent Palestinian novelists along with his pivotal works. Nasrallah’s works which have been taken into consideration in the present research include “Birds of Caution”, “Baby of Eraser”, “Amene’s Brides”, “Only 2” and “The Watchman of Lost City”. In his works, Nasrallah has used various anecdotal methods such as magical realism, multi-anecdotal techniques; stream of consciousness by taking world’s famous novelists such as Saramago and Kotedra as his role models. We selected five above works of Nasrallah for introduction and literary analysis. In the literature written about Palestine and its events seems to be the best contemporary Arabic literary works. The method in this research is brief sign to themes of these novels then surveys the aesthetics sides and technical power point of this works.

This editorial refers to some experiences which occurred during translation the novel by Alaa Al Aswaani “Yaqubian Building “. These experiences include the quality of translating the long sentences and translating the name as sentences, considering the Iranian culture in translating and translating the examples and dialogues. The method of confrontation with the feminine and masculine pronounce challenges in Arabic Language and the method of confrontation the collogued Arabic accents.

As the American cultural and educational institutions left Iran –as the aftermath of Islamic revolution and drop in Iran-U.S relation- the United States has applied international media as a public diplomatic pillar in relation with the Islamic Republic. Analyzing Persian service of Voice of America, the present study attempts to assess its influence in Iranian society. Applying Joseph Nye’s theory, and Boyd (1997), and Gilboa’s (2000), this study specifies 4 different goals for international media. According to these goals, we have analyzed this broadcasting media’s programs and studied Iranian audience’s message-receiving of VOA via questionnaire.