فهرست مطالب mahdi shabani

Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) is one of the cancer-testis-placenta antigens that has no expression in normal tissue except placenta trophoblast and testicular germ cells, but is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors. There is a lack of studies on the expression of PLAC1 in leukemia. We investigated expression of PLAC1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

In this study, we investigated expression pattern of PLAC1 gene in peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells of newly-diagnosed patients with AML (n=31) and ALL (n=31) using quantitative real-time PCR. Normal subjects (n=17) were considered as control. The PLAC1 protein expression in the samples were also detected using western blotting.

Our data demonstrated that PLAC1 transcripts had 2.7 and 2.9 fold-change increase in AML and ALL, respectively, compared to normal samples. PLAC1 transcript expression was totally negative in all studied normal subjects. Level of PLAC1 mRNA expression in ALL statistically increased compared to normal samples (p=0.038). However, relative mRNA expression of PLAC1 in AML was not significant in comparison to normal subjects (p=0.848). Furthermore, relative mRNA expression of PLAC1 in AML subtypes was not statistically significant (p=0.756). PLAC1 gene expression showed no difference in demographical clinical and para-clinical parameters. Western blotting confirmed expression of PLAC1 in the ALL and AML samples.

Considering PLAC1 expression profile in acute leukemia, PLAC1 could be a potential marker in leukemia which needs complementary studies in the future.

The effects of radiation therapy (RT) for cancer can be systemic and partially mediated by the immune system. However, radiation alone is unlikely to transform an immunosuppressive environment into an immunostimulatory one. Therefore, an effective combination of RT and immunotherapy may provide a new, more efficient treatment approach. Here, we investigated how the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the tumor microenvironment varied in different RT regimens with the same biologically effective dose.
In this study, female BALB/c mice inoculated with CT26 tumor cells were irradiated with 3 different RT regimens using the same BED of 40 gray (Gy). These included ablative RT (1*15 Gy), hypo-fractionated RT (2*10 Gy), and conventional (Hyper-fractionated) RT (10*3 Gy). PD-L1 expression was analyzed with immunohistochemical staining on days 2 and 20 and when the size of tumors had reached 2 cm2 after RT.
All treated groups expressed PD-L1, but the group receiving single ablative high-dose RT showed higher expression compared to the other groups. No significant differences in PD-L1 expression were observed at different times in the same group.
These findings showed that different regimens of RT have different effects on the TME, so a combination of RT and immune checkpoint blockade could be clinically used in cancer patients.

Despite the significant progress in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children, it still remains as one of the most challenging malignancies in adults. Identification of new biomarkers may improve the management of adult ALL. Proteins expressed on the cell surface can be considered as disease-associated biomarkers with potential for diagnosis and targeted therapies. Thus, membrane proteome studies give essential information about the disease-related biomarkers.

We applied 2-dimensional blue-native SDS-PAGE technique followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF-mass spectrometry to study the cell membrane proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult B-ALL patients in comparison to that of the healthy controls.

Sixty seven differentially expressed protein spots were detected, among them 52 proteins were found to be up-regulated but the other 15 proteins were downregulated in B-ALL. Five differentially expressed proteins, involved in energy metabolism pathways, were detected in B-ALL patients compared to the healthy control group.

Differentially expressed proteins provide an insight into the molecular biology of B-ALL. Further studies must be done to confirm our data to be considered as potential targets for detection and treatment of B-ALL.

Evidence on seroconversion profile of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients is limited. We mainly aimed to evaluate seroconversion and persistence of virus-specific antibodies in patients infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

This prospective study was conducted on 118 patients with COVID-19 presentations admitted to three hospitals in Iran and recovered from the disease, during April and May 2020. Presence of COVID-19 was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing on nasopharyngeal swabs. Serum samples were collected at different time points, including 0-5, 6-15, 16-25, 26-35, and 36-95 days of clinical symptom onset. For measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM antibody titers, Iran's Food and Drug Administration-approved SARS-CoV-2 ELISA kits were used.

Serologic assay revealed that 37.3% of patients (n=44) were positive for IgM at 0-5 days interval after clinical symptom onset. This rate was 60.2% (n=71) for IgG. There were increasing IgM and IgG seroconversion rates during first 25 days of clinical symptom onset, but seropositivity started to decrease thereafter, which was more evident for IgM (17.9%) than IgG (58.9%) at the 36-95 days post symptoms appearance. In other words, it was found that 83.6% of IgM-positive and 32.9% of IgG-positive patients in the first month of clinical symptom onset became seronegative in the third month of clinical symptom onset.

The findings demonstrated that antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection were developed in recovered COVID-19 patients; however, some of them were seronegative three months after onset of relevant symptoms. Furthermore, the stability of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies could also correct our expectations from COVID-19 vaccination responses.

Knowledge of sexual behavior has been developed to provide a behavioral pattern for human sexual relationship to control sexual behavior and make it purposeful. Accordingly, this knowledge examines the behavioral norms in sexual behavior. One of the important issues in this regard is the desirable amount of sex. In this respect, some studies have been conducted from different medical and psychological perspectives, but the ethical borderlines of a good relationship have not been examined from the perspective of Islam. The present study attempts to reexamine the ethical criteria related to the normal amount of sex with an emphasis on the principles of sexual behavior in Islam.

The present study is library-based analytical, conducted based on Islamic sources (Quranic verses and narrations from Imams and the Prophet). Considering the fact that the present study relies on the Quranic verses and narrations, a large number of original and old sources were examined, but in analyzing and classifying the collected information, the contemporary views as well as the method of interpreting the religious texts were considered. The authors reported no conflict of interests.

From the written documents and their analysis, four classes of narrations were found in relation to the topic under investigation. Based on their analysis, a number of ethical principles and codes were obtained and, then, the ethical borderlines for sexual relationship were explained.

Based on the ethical codes presented, a desirable sexual-emotional relationship between the partners is to be controlled by an ethical framework. Paying attention to the ethical borderlines of this relationship not only makes it a noble and virtuous practice, but helps to stabilize the family and the sexual relationship.

Placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) is one of the members of cancer-testis antigens family that has limited expression in normal tissue, but is upregulated in a variety of malignant tissues. Considering the lack of studies on the expression of FCRL1 in CML and CLL, the current study was conducted to examine the expression pattern of PLAC1 gene in these leukemias.

Fresh peripheral blood samples were collected from 6 CML and 10 CLL patients. In addition, peripheral blood samples of 10 healthy individuals were collected in EDTA as control group. All patients and healthy individuals signed a consent letter before sampling. The mononuclear cells were separated using ficoll-hypaque gradient centrifugation. Isolated mononuclear cells were used for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis using RT-PCR method. Then, PLAC1 transcript expression in comparison to GAPDH were detected via Real-Time PCR. The statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test in SPSS.

All 10 normal samples were negative for PLAC1. The PLAC1 expression was found to be statistically different in CML group (4 out of 6 cases) compared with that in the normal group (P value = 0.000). However, CLL revealed no significant difference compared to normal individuals for PLAC1 expression (P Value = 0.648). In a significant percentage of CML patients, PLAC1 expression was positive but in CLL patients PLAC1, transcript expression was not evident.

It seems that PLAC1 could potentially be proposed as a biomarker in CML to aid in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in the future.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of blood and bone marrow characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells. Galectin-9 is a tandem-repeat type galectin expressed in various tumor cells. It seems that the connection between galectin-9 and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 receptor acts as a negative regulator of cancer cells proliferation.

In this research, the effects of galectin-9 were investigated using MTS cell proliferation colorimetric, colony-forming, annexin V-FITC/PI, and caspase-3 assays in the Jurkat and KE-37 cell lines of ALL. Furthermore, the western blotting technique was used to evaluate the levels of apoptotic proteins such as Bax and Bcl-2 in these cell lines.

Our results indicated that galectin-9 can considerably reduce the cell growth and colony formation ability of both Jurkat and KE-37 cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, galectin9 induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in ALL cells by a mechanism associated with Bax/Bcl-2 expression and activation of the caspase-3 activation.

Galectin-9 inhibited the growth and proliferation of cell lines with increased programmed cell death, therefore it can be considered as a potential factor in the progression of ALL therapeutics that needs more research in this context.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer among men and the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide. The resistance of tumor cells to apoptosis is caused by changes in the expression of anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic proteins. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are known to cause changes in gene expression.

The present study aimed at investigating the anti-proliferative effects of lenalidomide (LEN) as HDACi and dexamethasone (DEX) on the human colon cancer HT-29 cell line.

The HT-29 cell line was treated with various concentrations of LEN and DEX individually and in combination for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was measured, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was also performed to examine the expression of Bcl2, Bax, Fas, and FasL genes.

The combination of LEN (1000 µM) with DEX (100 µM) showed potent synergistic anti-proliferative activities in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The combination of these drugs induced cell death by affecting the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic gene expression profiles.

The combination of LEN with DEX can be proposed as a new therapeutic approach for CRC.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly transmits in general population, mainly between health-care workers (HCWs) who are in close contact with patients. To study the seropositivity of HCWs as a high-risk group compared to general population. 72 samples were obtained from HCWs working in Masih Daneshvari hospital as one of the main COVID-19 admission centers in Tehran, during April 4 to 6, 2020. Also we collected 2021 blood samples from general population. The SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM, and IgG antibodies in the collected serum specimens were measured by commercial ELISA kits. Based on the clinical manifestations, 25.0%, 47.2%, and 27.8% of HCWs were categorized as symptomatic with typical symptoms, symptomatic with atypical symptoms, and asymptomatic, respectively. Symptomatic individuals with typical and atypical symptoms were 63.2% and 36.8% positive in RT-PCR test, respectively. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in 15.3% and 27.8% of HCWs samples, respectively. Antibody testing in the general population indicated that SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG were found in (162/2021) 8%, and (290/2021) 14.4%, respectively. The frequency of positive cases of IgM and IgG were significantly increased in HCWs compared to general population (p= 0.028 for IgM and p= 0.002 for IgG). The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in HCWs was higher than general population indicating a higher viral transmission via close exposure with COVID-19 patients.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers. Epigenetic change has been considered by many scientists as a therapeutic target. Hyper acetylation of chromatin components by sodium butyrate can alter gene regulation. This study aims to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate on Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression.

Caco-2 cell line was treated with different concentrations of sodium butyrate (25 mM to 150 mM) based on IC50 concentration in two time periods of 24 hours and 48 hours. Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression were measured by qReal-Time PCR technique and Bcl2/Bax ratio was evaluated.

The results showed that sodium butyrate increased the expression of Bax gene and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 gene in treated cells compared to the control group, which was statistically significant (p < /em> <0.05), and 25 mM was selected as the most effective dose after 48 hours of treatment. Also, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio at the same concentration showed a significant decrease

Sodium butyrate induces apoptosis in cancer cells by reducing the expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. It can be used as a therapeutic target but needs further investigation.

Colorectal cancer is the fifth common cancer in men and the third in women in Iran. There is no therapeutic approach for metastatic colorectal cancer, so it is imperative to identify new chemotherapeutic and molecular targets to improve patient’s survival and the probability of being cured. Resistance to apoptosis plays an important role in the development and progression of different cancers such as CRC. Understanding the basis of the mechanism of apoptosis pathways and the tools used by cancer for escaping from apoptosis results in the design of effecient therapies that inhibit cell growth. One of the apoptosis pathways is the extrinsic–Fas/FasL pathway. In this article, the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis with focus on death pathway of Fas and FasL in colorectal cancer has been reviewed aimed at finding new therapeutic targets for CRC. Fas-mediated apoptosis of lymphocytes normally serves immunoregulatory roles. Anti-tumor cytotoxic T cells and NK cells eliminate tumor cells by inducing Fas-mediated apoptosis using FasL. Cancer cells such as colon tumor cells enable a “Fas counterattack” against Fas sensitive antitumor lymphocytes and lead to immune suppression against tumor cells. This systematic review article was conducted by searching keywords; Cancer, Apoptosis, Fas, FasL, Immune system in valid sources. 86 studies analyzing apoptotic changes in cancer from 1995 to 2020 were selected and used. Fas counterattack is a mechanism, used by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. It might be important to study the basis of this mechanism to design tumor-specific and effective treatment. Triggering Fas-mediated  apoptosis is an effective approach to cancer therapy. Altering the expression of Fas and FasL genes can inhibit the tumor strikes back by tumors and our immune system and work officially against tumor cells.

The incidence of obesity, as a major health problem, has increased significantly over the past decades. This condition is associated with an increased risk of cancers, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of inflammation and changes of adipose tissue-resident immune cells on increasing the risk of cancer in obese individuals. In obesity, an increase in white adipose tissue changes the phenotype of tissue-resident macrophages to M1, resulting in chronic inflammation. This, in turn, increases the number of immune suppressor cells (e.g., regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in white adipose tissue), but inhibits the anti-tumor activity of natural killer cells. Besides, hormonal and metabolic changes caused by obesity increase the risk of cancer. The elevated levels of hormones, such as insulin and leptin, activate the mitogenic Ras/MAPK pathway, and transduce inhibitory signals of apoptotic death in cancer cells. Also, the white adipose tissue acts as an energy source for cancer cells and promotes tumor growth and metastasis by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and proangiogenic factors. Overall, obesity, by increasing the white fat mass, prepares a suitable microenvironment for triggering tumor formation and inhibiting anti-tumor pathways, which increase the risk of cancers.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy with aggressive tumors of immature lymphocytes. T‑cell immunoglobulin and mucin‑domain 3 (TIM‑3) is a Type I transmembrane glycoprotein which is involved in cell proliferation. The objective of this research is to determine the TIM‑3 expression in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of 80 samples of normal and ALL patients.

The amount of mRNA and protein of TIM‑3 measured in the BM and PB the mononuclear layer of samples by real‑time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.

Our findings indicated that relative mRNA expression of TIM‑3 in PB and BM of the mononuclear layer of ALL patients was 1.7 and 5 times higher than normals, respectively. We also reported that the protein level of TIM‑3 in mononuclear cells of ALL patients was 3.2‑fold in BM and two‑fold in PB more than normals.

In conclusion, this study shows that TIM‑3 increases in ALL patients, thus the expression of TIM‑3 in tumor cells may be considered as a potential predictive factor in ALL patients, which needs to be explored in future.

 Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and among the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid medication which has anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties that induce apoptosis and growth inhibition in human myeloma cell lines in vitro. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of dexamethasone against human colorectal cancer HT-29 cell lines, relying on the expression of genes which are involved in extrinsic (Fas and Fasl) and intrinsic pathway of apoptosis (Bax and Bcl2).

An experimental study was conducted.  HT-29 cell line was cultured and then treated with various concentrations of dexamethasone (from 0.1 to 1000 µM) for 24h, 48h, and 72h incubation. The cytotoxicity was measured using MTT assay and IC50 was determined. Then, RNA was extracted from treated and untreated cells and cDNA was synthesized. Gene expression was investigated using qReal-Time PCR method. Data analysis was performed using the livak method.

  Dexamethasone at 1000µM significantly inhibited the growth of treated HT-29 cells after 24h, 48h, and 72h incubation and IC50 was 1000μM after 48h. After treating cells at IC50 concentration, the mRNA expression of Fas and FasL did not change significantly in comparison with untreated cells (p <0.05), while Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression increased and decreased respectively in comparison with untreated cells (p <0.05). Dexamethasone was effective against human colorectal cancer HT-29 cell line in a dose -dependent manner and induced the intrinsic genes of apoptosis.

  Dexamethasone can inhibit the growth of human colon cancer HT-29 cell lines and induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, while it has no effect on the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.

Sodium butyrate (NaBr), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has emerged as a promising anticancer drug for multiple cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on the changes in the expression of the Bid gene in human colorectal cancer cell line.

HT-29 cell line was cultured. Cells were treated with different concentration of NaBr (from 6.25 mM to 200mM) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cytotoxicity and IC50 were evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of NaBr on Bid gene expression was examined by PCR and qRT-PCR.

The IC50 for 24, 48, and 72 hours were 95mM, 25mM and, 12.5mM respectively. Antiproliferative activity of NaBr was dependent on time and dose manner. The results of real time PCR showed that the expression of Bid gene in treated cells with IC50 concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) in comparison with the control group.

The results showed that NaBr inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in the HT-29 cell line which can be due to the increase in Bid gene expression. So, the change in expression of the apoptosis genes can effect by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Recently, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in societies is increasing. In this study, we investigated the association between metabolic syndrome and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 (GOLD 2017) criteria for outpatients.

In this cross-sectional study, 96 patients with COPD to Alzahra hospital in Isfahan, Iran, during the years 2016 and 2018 were enrolled. The severity of COPD in patients was determined based on the GOLD 2017 criteria, as well as the frequency of metabolic syndrome. Other factors such as lipid profiles, anthropometric characteristics were evaluated, and the association between severity of COPD and metabolic syndrome with other variables were studied.

The frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with COPD was 86.5%. The mean of waist circumference, fasting blood sugar (FBS), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and triglyceride in patients with metabolic syndrome and COPD were significantly higher than patients with COPD without metabolic syndrome (P < 0.050). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between COPD severity and metabolic syndrome (P > 0.050).

Metabolic syndrome was not associated with severity of COPD based on our findings, and further studies are needed.

Brucellosis as a zoonotic disease is widespread among human and animal that it continues to be a major public health problem. Due to the shortage of recent epidemiologic data regarding the brucellosis distribu-tion in Iran, we convinced to evaluate the prevalence of brucellosis in provinces of Iran. In this descriptive study, data were collected from brucellosis suspected patients referred to Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran from 18 out of 31 provinces of Iran during 2013-2015. Overall, 2635 out of 17103 attending cases (15.4%) were recognized as brucellosis patients. The most prevalent rate was found in patients aged 20-39 yr old (41%) which of them 67% were male. Patients with bru-cellosis were significantly diagnosed in spring season (Apr to late May). Among included provinces, Hamadan Province had the highest (25%) prevalence followed by Markazi and Mazandaran with 24.7% and 22.5%, respec-tively. Brucellosis is still considered as an important infectious disease with a high prevalence in many provinces of Iran. It is necessary to implement a national brucellosis control program by increasing medical edu-cation, public knowledge and various controlling plans for preventing, controlling and eradicating of brucellosis.

Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of animal lectins’ family, is implicated in the induction of apoptosis in various cancer cells. Here, we evaluated the anti-tumor effect of Gal-9 in OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. The effect of the Gal-9 on cell viability was evaluated using MTT assays. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin-V staining. The assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was performed using a JC-1 probe. The activity of caspase-3 and caspase-6 were evaluated with colorimetric assay. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was applied by fluorescent probe. The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were assessed using western blotting. The result showed that Gal-9 inhibits cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis showed that Gal-9 induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, Gal-9 decreased ΔΨm and increased the generation of ROS and caspase-3 and caspase-6 activities in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, Gal-9 induced expression of Bax as well as inhibited expression of Bcl-2. In conclusion, our results indicated that Gal-9 induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through mitochondrial pathway.

Free-span occurs normally in a pipeline at uneven seabed, dynamic seabed and pipeline crossing. Free spanning in pipeline causes Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) fatigue, fracture and bursting. In this paper, a pipeline located in South Pars Gas Field is assessed against local buckling and VIV fatigue using probability of failure theory based on the recommended methodology by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) corresponding to different soil classes and different span length to pipeline diameter and also different water depths by applying First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) and Monte-Carlo Sampling (MCS), separately. Furthermore, the simultaneous effect of local buckling and VIV fatigue is assessed in terms of probability of failure. Finally, in order to determine the effect of each parameter on failure probability, sensitivity analysis is carried out using the alpha index.

Up to this day, the only effective form of the condition of conventional and evident inequality between the financial value of bilateral-contractual commitments in Imāmī classical jurisprudence and law of Iran’s commitments, has been considered to be the traditional and familiar phenomenon of judicial-economical deception (ghabn), which is referred to as comparative (muqārin) deception (at the time of concluding a contract). The question is: what impact does the belated decadence of commutative justice after including a transaction and in the period of executing the contractual commitments will have on the validity span of the contract or on the rate of final commitments of the two parties? The silence and the lack of specific legal statute in Iran’s regulations as well as brief versions and sometimes versions negating the influence of “contingent deception” from the civil law sources of Islam on one hand and the needs of the interior and exterior commercial relations for legal support of the contracts that are constantly exposed to the changes governing them on the other hand, prompted the writers to reexamine the principle of legitimacy and the possible outcomes of the theory of contingent deception on the discretionary (ijtihādī) texts and sources of the Imāmī jurisprudence. In the
present research, while attempting to give an absolute redefinition of the event of deception and thematic identification of contingent deception, the judicial status of contingent decadence of the contractual balance of counter-values are explained and its efficiency in deception-oriented exchange transactions based on the principle of denial of loss and the theory of implicit stipulation is proclaimed legitimate and influential. It’s proportionate and equitable outcome is introduced to be the judicial moderation of the commitments by way of obligating the deceiver to pay the balance and in case of impossibility of moderation, the option for the deceived to cancel the contract.

Taskin is one of authority of poesy, in which he can use a long syllable ýinstead of two short syllables, but taskin inverse choice (the two short ýsyllables instead of one long syllable) is not true, in terms of prosody ýresearchers. however, in the poetry of the old and more recent periods, ýpoetry is seen where taskin inverse choice have been usedþ.þ
taskin inverse, although apparently in imitation of Arabic poetry ýý(transformation a Mafaeelon to Mafaelaton) but often are used in revolving ýmeters (dawri) that specific for Persian poetry and through vav (o) e gheyr e ýdawri, with transformation a long syllable center hemistich into two short ýsyllables, the meters of “ouble Mafoul o Faelaton” has changed to the ýý“Mafoul Faelat o Mafaeel o Faelaton” that as history in the lyrics of Moezzi, ýAttar and Awhadi and especially Khaghani, and also this option of meters ýHazaj e Akhrab”Double Mafoul o Faelaton” is evident in the poems of ýKhaghani & Ghavvami. Taskin inverse choice some times has applied to ýelements of Mafaylon and Mafolon and change this elements to Mafaelaton ýand Moftaelon that is used in poetry of Molavi and Hazin Lahiji.ý
This paper concludes by examining the various poetical works that:ý
For distinguishing whether or not the dawri of the poetries that has mixed ýmeters with dawri and nonþ Ü þdawri is relying on the couplets dominant ýmeter, First, we recognize original meter if the original meter was nonþ Ü þdawri should applied dawri for other couplets, and this is the result of ýTaskin choice usage. This blending in Mozare e Akhrab verb root meter, ýobserved in the poems of Anvari, Khaghani, Athir and Seyf, that by use of ýTaskin in the middle of some nonþ Ü þdawri verses with meters “Mafoul o ýFaelat o Mafaeel o Faelaton” changed their meter to dawri “Double Mafoul ýo Faelaton”. This subject is more fancy than musical. But if the original ýmeter was non-dawri, should verses meter that are dawri the result of ýTaskin choice usage.ý
Sometimes, poets by using Taskin inverse choice in the middle of some ýdawri verses, and cause them to become non-dawri, and have been ýcombining two meters in a poem. The musical fancy in Hazaj e Akhrab ýmeter “Double Mafoul o Mafaeelon” is evident in Khaghani & Ghavvami’s ýlyrics and also has seen in the Mozar e Akhrab verb root meter “Double ýMafoul o Faelaton” in poetry of Moezzi, Attar and Awhadi and above all in ýKhaghani’s poetry. Taskin inverse choice is more evident in Khorasani style ýpoetry and in odes more yield from the non-dawri “vav” (o) that can be ýremoved “vav” (o) which became a fancy and writing, changed the meter to ýdawri for more melodious. In that case, the reduced heavy meter and meters ýof both lines was dawri. In sonnets more, the word of the middle verses that ýconnects the last syllable of the second pillar to the first syllable of the third ýpillar. Thus Manipulation hypothesis scribes, the “vav” (o) in the middle of ýthe hemistich, is null at least in these sonnets.ý
Taskin inverse choice or to follow the Arab prosody or unconsciously, are ýused in Mafaeelon element in Mawlawī poetry and in poetry Mafoulon ýpillar doleful and some contemporary poets. This choice in pillar is ýpermissible under two conditions: first, that it does not become irregular ýpillar, but to become the same pillar. Such as: Mafaeelon to Mafaelaton or ýMafoulon to Moftaelon. Second, it was not be in place rhyming because ýmay changed rhyme syllables. Taskin is also for the same reason, should ýnot occur in the rhyme syllable and if does, he should be upheld in all verses ýcouple.ý
By accepting the fact that “Mostafel o Mostafel o Mostafal o Fa” is the ýoriginal meters of quatrain, the problem of Taskin inverse choice is canceled ýin quatrain meter

Studying the nature of legal punishments (ḥudūd) and legal misdemeanors deserving these kinds of punishment – which along with discretionary punishments (ta‘zīrāt) are regarded as the most important criminal reactions to crimes in Islamic criminal law system – despite their importance (both in terms of the intensity of punishment and the special favor that the religious law shows towards preserving the targets being threatened by these kinds of crimes) are still of concern and seem to be revisable. One of the outcomes of this theoretical discussion is that the Imāmī jurists have provided different readings and manifold opinions in determining the number and the titles of the causes of ḥudūd. As its primary mandate, this research is intended to explore the scholastic reasons for this disagreement to figure out – after raising and analyzing the effective causes – whether the main source has finally been found to be in the opted viewpoint concerning the study of the nature of legal punishment crimes and their legal definition. Upon identifying the above-mentioned causes, it is to examine the important notion that the crimes deserving legal punishment (ḥadd) are necessarily quantified (maḥṣūr) and the list of these crimes are subject to scriptural ruling (tawqīfī) and are not increasable or reducible. It is attempted, in the present research, to prove the necessity to quantify the numerical range of the misdemeanors deserving legal punishment with reliance on a new definition consistent with the content of the legal texts of religious law that are implied from the legal nature of the above-mentioned crimes and by attesting to the general regulations and the legal restrictions placed on the process of criminalization. The argumentative approach of this article is trying to simultaneously provide the lexical meaning and the Qur’ānic-narrative concept of the word ḥadd, as well as the fundamentalism and purposefulness in interpretation of texts and paying attention to the philosophy of legislating legal punishments (ḥudūd). The new lawful changes in legal punishment crimes have also been critically and briefly analyzed in this research.

Free-span in subsea pipelines occur at manmade supports, uneven seabed or pipeline crossing. Free spanning may induce pipeline vibration due to vortex shedding which makes pipeline susceptible to some failures such as fatigue, fracture, etc. Free spanning analysis is an important subject because fatigue is the most effective factor in reducing the pipeline design life. Free spanning analysis includes static analysis and dynamic analysis.
DNV-RP-F105 suggests a methodology of dynamic analysis for long pipeline with multi-mode responses, but the fatigue analysis method for multi-modes is not detailed. In addition, the fatigue analysis of multi-spanning pipeline is not clear. Based on the methodology of DNV-RP-F105 fatigue life relates to natural frequencies of pipeline, the method of determination of effective natural frequencies still is not clear.
In this paper, a fatigue analysis for multi-spanning pipeline in Persian south gas field is performed based on VIV analysis. ABAQUS FE model is developed to obtain the stress distribution and the natural frequency of each vibration mode for spanning pipeline on seabed with three multi-spans, then the fatigue analysis of VIV is carried out for the spanning pipeline based on DNV-RP-F105.

In addition to passive immunotherapy using anti-HER2 monoclonal
antibodies, active immunotherapy via HER2 targeting is an interesting approach to
inducing specific anti-tumor immune responses. We have recently reported the
immunogenicity of HER2 subdomains following DNA immunization and HER2 protein
boosting. In the present study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of different HER2
extracellular subdomains for the induction of anti-HER2 antibody response in BALB/c
mice.
To investigate and characterize antibody responses to human
recombinant proteins of HER2 extracellular subdomains in immunized mice. Four subdomains of HER2 extracellular domain were expressed in E.coli; subsequently,
purified recombinant proteins were intraperitoneally injected in BALB/c mice with
Freund's adjuvant. The anti-HER2 antibody response was detected by ELISA,
immunoblotting and flow cytometry.
All the four HER2 subdomains along with the full extracellular domain (fECD) were able to induce specific anti-HER2 antibodies. Although anti-HER2 subdomains antibodies could not react with eukaryotic recombinant fECD protein by ELISA, they were able to recognize this protein by immunoblotting under both reduced and non-reduced conditions. Furthermore, only the sera of mice immunized with fECD protein could recognize native HER2 on HER2 overexpressing tumor cells (>99%) by flow cytometry. Moreover, fECD immunized mice sera inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells by XTT assay.
The prokaryotic recombinant proteins of HER2 extracellular subdomains are immunogenic, yet the induced specific antibodies do not react with the native HER2 protein due to the paucity of post-translation modifications and /or distortion of the native conformation of isolated HER2 extracellular subdomains which might be potentially effective for induction of cell mediated immune response against HER2.

T-cell immunoglobulin-mucin (TIM) is a cell-surface and transmembrane glycoprotein. TIM-3 plays a pivotal role in proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the expressions of the TIM-3 and the role of the galectin-9, as TIM-3 ligand, in the regulation of cell proliferation in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines.

The expression level of TIM-3 was examined in the Jurkat and KE-37 cell lines using real-time polymerase chain reaction method. MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] viability test was used to study the cell proliferation effect of galectin-9.

TIM-3 mRNAs were detected in the both Jurkat and KE-37 cell lines. The expression of TIM-3 in Jurkat cell line was higher than KE-37 cell line (P < 0.001). The MTS assay revealed that galectin-9 reduced cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (> 1 nM) in the both cell lines (P < 0.050).

The present investigation introduced a possible mechanism for the control of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell proliferation through TIM-3 and demonstrated that galectin-9 can inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat and KE-37 cell lines.