reza shamloo

Recent wars have shown that the first targets to be attacked will be air defense systems, command and control centers (as the mastermind of systems in the command and management of the battlefield) and then vital and sensitive centers. Resilience is one of the most important features of command and control centers from the point of view of passive defense, and the air defense network must always act in a coherent, strong and "resilient" manner in crisis situations. The purpose of the research is to introduce the effective factors on improving the resilience of the command and control centers of the J.A. Army in the face of air threats. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive with a mixed approach. The statistical population includes commanders and experienced command and control staff, which is 225 people, and the sample population was determined by stratified random method and using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was done through a questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha was used for the reliability of the questionnaire and Friedman's test was used to reach a logical conclusion in order to prioritize the factors. The results of the research show that effective and accurate air defense operations always require the existence of coherent, efficient and dynamic command and control centers, and the optimal resilience of command and control centers will bring the durability and effectiveness of air defense operations. The lower the level of vulnerability and impact of a system in front of the threat and the higher its reversibility in the threat environment, the more resilient it will be. In the end, 33 factors were identified and prioritized in relation to the effective factors on improving the resilience of command and control centers against air attacks.

The armed forces Iran are trying to increase their defense capabilities, power and authority in order to increase deterrence, reduce vulnerability, maintain security, promote national stability and deal with any military challenges and threats. According to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Iran, "Defense is the first priority" , based on the defense doctrine of Iran, the role of air defense in the protection and protection of the space of the holy country of Iran over time. the increase in the level of threats has become more pronounced than in the past. Air defense can play a role in enhancing the defense authority of the Iran according to its effectiveness in creating security. this research is applied, descriptive analysis with a mixed approach, the aim of explaining the role of the Air Defense in enhancing the defense authority of Iran in dealing with threats on the horizon of the Second Step Statement of the Revolution. The method of the required data is library and interview, the questionnaire has been analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the research show that air defense, which is considered one of the most efficient elements of national defense, is very effective and plays a role in the horizon of the statement of the second step of the revolution, and in realizing the authority index of the statement of the second step, it has functions such as; Deterrence means gaining air superiority, maintaining air superiority, etc and its improvement will definitely increase the defense authority of Iran.

The political behavior of a country in the cross-border and global arena is derived from geopolitics and knowing the geopolitical nature of a country will help to understand and analyze the type of geopolitical behavior and actions of that country towards other countries. The countries in their foreign relations are trying to adopt appropriate strategies in line with their national interests by taking advantage of geopolitical factors. The purpose of the research is to explain the relations between the Iran and the Persian Gulf countries from a geopolitical perspective.

In terms of practical and a descriptive qualitative approach, which was carried out with the help of tools such as interviews documents. The statistical population of experts and all expert professors in this field and purposeful sampling using theoretical saturation and content analysis method was used to find the research results.

that despite the fact that the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the countries of the Persian Gulf have been based on tension and misunderstanding at some points in time; But factors such as Islam, common geopolitics, oil, and tribal ethnic structures have caused closeness and some similarities.

In its behavior, the Islamic Republic of Iran has shown that in its relations with these countries, it has always sought convergence and promotion of relations and prevention of tension in the region, and these countries can take into account geopolitical interests and benefits. Appropriate opportunities and tension reduction, to provide more grounds for strengthening relations.

The space full of uncertainty, complex and ambiguous has a direct impact on the battlefield; Because it has caused the loss of morale of the military and soldiers and even citizens and is a real threat to the forces that continue to fight in difficult war conditions. Article examines the concepts of dust and friction in war from the perspective of one of the military theorists named "Clausewitz", identifying and explaining the factors and elements that make up dust and friction in today's battles is the goal of research. Research is mixed and applied and it has been done as a case in the field of war. The statistical population of experts is all professors and commanders who have been active in this field, 21 people were selected as a sample in the form of snowball, the relevant questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population in full and fuzzy Delphi approach, 12 The components were identified and prioritized.The concept of dust and friction in war refers to the difficulty of making decisions in battlefield. The decisions of war commanders in a state of ambiguity and uncertainty cannot be correct decisions; Because in order to win the war and have a strong and reliable performance, they must get complete and correct picture of the battle scene.The factors such as threats of cyber space, lack or saturation of information, technological disadvantages and revolution in military affairs cause ambiguity  uncertainty and dust and friction in today's wars.

One of the most significant issues raised in wars, which plays a crucial role in strategy and achieving victory, is the understanding of the principles of war. The principles of war consist of a set of general rules that govern the conduct of battle. Due to differences in assigned missions, the nature of what specialized forces do, the specific equipment pattern that is related to the nature of its activities and how it executes its missions , etc., the implementation of these principles may vary between forces. Effective and efficient air defense, along with leading of forces, requires actions, responses, and general principles to counter threats, which can be achieved by observing and abiding by the principles of war. For this reason, explaining the principles of war in air defense, which is based on establishing a precise, purposeful, and intelligent strategy for air defense operations and the proper deployment of operational and combat systems and personnel, is essential and should be well addressed. The aim of the current research is to “explain the principles of war in air defense operations”. This research has been applied in terms of its objectives, employing a descriptive and qualitative methodology. The approach utilized tools such as interviews and first-hand documents and records that were available. Sampling has been purposeful using the theoretical saturation method, and content analysis has been employed to obtain the research results. The findings of this research indicate that adherence to the principles of war ensures victory on the battlefield, and the principles of war applied in air defense operations are somewhat in line with generally accepted principles of war.

The countries of the world are trying to adopt appropriate strategies in line with their national interests by taking advantage of geopolitical factors. The Persian Gulf region and its surrounding countries is one of the strategic regions of the world, which is very important due to its communication, geo-economic, geo-political and geo-strategic values. The purpose this article is identify socio-cultural geopolitical factors affecting the defense strategies of the Iran in the Persian Gulf, it has been implemented with a descriptive-analytical method , contextual case. The type is developmental and collecting library and field information and interviews with experts to identify these factors and to determine their role in the form of opportunistic, threatening, strength and Weak . the qualitative analysis, the content analysis method. the quantitative, the relevant questionnaires were designed and distributed among the statistical population of 40 summarized by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics analysis and SPSS. Finally 17 factors were extracted, such as "the fact that the majority of the people in the region are Muslim and follow Islam and the presence of Muslim holy places in Mecca and Medina" and "the negative approach of countries towards Iran is the basis for phenomena such as Iranophobia and Shiaphobia in the region" and " The existence of the Shia religion as a stable factor of unity and unity among the Iranian nation and one of the very important elements in the recovery of the Iranian identity" were ranked as the most important socio-cultural geopolitical factors .

Today, due to the great need for real-time information and quick decision-making in unstable environments, the use of modern command and control systems in new battle arenas (air, space, cyber, etc.) is felt more and more. On the other hand, in the era of communication and information, most commanders are increasingly facing the problem of dealing with massive amounts of information from all fields. In this regard, the US Air Force, especially in recent years, is seeking to launch a modern command and control system based on artificial intelligence in order to plan, assign and evaluate operations in the fields of space, information, cyber, air, land and sea. integrate This research is descriptive and applied, and its purpose is to examine the place of artificial intelligence technology in the future command and control systems of the United States, which was carried out by examining library and documents using the content analysis method. The results of the research show that in the current situation and according to the ever-increasing advancement of technology and the needs of the future war, the US Air Force is deeply looking for the use of artificial intelligence in its Joint Comprehensive Command and Control System (JADC2) and although it has succeeded in using intelligence in practice so far Artificial in command and control is not widespread and faces major challenges; But studies show that it will achieve this goal in the not too distant future.

Defense is the most important issues of all human societies, especially Islamic societies, and important issues has been paid attention to the Islamic religion is the idea of defense. The matter of defense for Muslims, especially the system Iran is very sensitive and it is important and necessary to deal with the basics of defense. If the category of defense does not exist, security as the first and most important need of the individual and society in the Islamic system will not be achieved. The subject of defense in the Quran, Islamic culture and in the field of Nahj al-Balaghah education is of special importance, in this e book, a major part of the precious writings of Imam Ali directly or indirectly explains the components of Defense, military affairs are related.The purpose this research is to explain the foundations and principles of Islamic defense from the Nahj al-Balagha. The documentary statistical population, wisdoms and sermons of Hazrat Ali that are included in Nahj al-Balagha and all the propositions extracted are analyzed, and the non-documental statistical population includes 12 people who deal with religious sciences. The data has been collected through library studies and, through questionnaires and interviews, and method descriptive and content, it tries to answer to the question that the basics and principles What are the defenses of Islam from the point of view of Nahj al-Balagha? The research results include 18 cases of value bases of defense and 40 cases of defense principles from the Nahj al-Balagha

The superiority of technology and modern airborne equipment shows that air defense units in the form of classic, designed to counter air strikes, will be challenged in the face of air strikes and in return Air Attacks The presence of rapid reaction air defense units as a complement to fixed air defense groups is a necessity. The role of manpower and equipment of the mentioned units is of great importance and failure to pay attention to it will cause serious injuries during conflicts in future wars with the enemy. The purpose of this study is to "explain the characteristics of manpower and equipment of air defense rapid reaction units to deal with future air threats, tries to provide an answer "the appropriate characteristics of manpower,What is the equipment of the air defense rapid reaction units to deal with future air threats? The type of research is descriptive, practical, qualitative approach, which is done with the help of tools such as interviews and documents and content analysis has been used to find the results of the research. The results of indicate that the manpower of the rapid reaction forces should have characteristics such as a healthy physical and mental condition, professional, with very high operational and technical expertise and multi-skills, with appropriate training and equipment with characteristics. Such as self-traction, mobility, high speed and flexibility, operational and technical strength, easy maintenance with the possibility of supporting suitable technical and biological components and integration with the air defense network.

Command and control at different levels is very complex and has its own architectures and structures, and today, the use of intelligent command control systems and battlefield awareness equipment has provided many facilities for the military forces, so that the effective use of these facilities leads to The control of the command becomes more and more on the battlefield and the experiences of recent wars have shown that according to the type, facilities and equipment, drones are able to perform various missions with the priority of optimal use of facilities and especially human resources. In other words, unmanned aircrafts are among the advanced equipments of today, which have a special position in the battle scene. The aim of the current research is "explaining the role of drones in the command and control of the battle scene" and it tries to provide an answer to the question that what is the most important role of drones in the command and control of the battle scene? In terms of methodology, this research has a qualitative approach that was conducted with the help of tools such as interviews and first-hand documents that were available. Targeted sampling was done using theoretical saturation method and content analysis method was used to find research results. The results of the research indicate that the role of drones in the command and control of the battle scene, including identification, surveillance and targeting, electronic collection, communication and combat operations, etc., and we can boldly say that now drones are effective in military and geostrategic calculations. They are considered an integral part of modern warfare and command and control of the battlefield

Today, the countries of the world are trying to take advantage of geopolitical factors to adopt appropriate strategies in line with their national interests. The Persian Gulf region and its surrounding countries is one of the most sensitive and strategic regions in the world, which is of great importance to its communication, geoeconomic, geopolitical and geostrategic values. This article aims to explain and identify the military geopolitical factors affecting Iran's defense strategies in the Persian Gulf and tries to answer the main question "What are the military geopolitical factors affecting the defense strategies of the Iran in the Persian Gulf?". The type of research, development and method of collecting data and information required by libraries, documents and field is using descriptive-analytical and case-based methods to identify these military factors and to confirm And determine the role of their factors (in the form of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses). In this regard, the relevant questionnaires were distributed among a statistical population of 40 people in full and using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods and SPSS software to summarize the research answers. Finally, 18 factors were extracted and introduced as "military power and high quantitative and qualitative capability of the Iranian Armed Forces", "Strategic weapons and missile deterrence of the Islamic Republic of Iran" and "Concluding contracts and military agreements of countries in the region to purchase weapons and equipment" as important. The most important military geopolitical factors affecting the defense strategies of the Iran in the Persian Gulf were ranked.

Education and training have always played a crucial role in the war. The survival and continuity of the armed forces requires the acquisition of a set of sciences, technical and professional skills, and timely transfer to new employees, which is important to implement, detailed, and systematic monitoring of education and training. the purpose of this study is training pathology at the center of specialist air defence training center using the three dimensional model. methodology, it has a qualitative approach that has been carried out with tools including observation, interview, and first - hand documents. sampling has been purposefully using theoretical impregnation method and has been used to analyze content analysis method in three contexts (behavior), structural (process) and context (environment) to find research results. data analysis was done through content analysis method that was extracted after immersion in data analysis. in order to determine the main concepts, initial codes were reviewed and categorized in several stages. the results showed that the content factor (behavior) is in a better position due to the belief fields in the hierarchy, but the structural and contextual factors (environment) are affected and there are three types of one type (mainly of the dominant type) and the only content factor cannot guarantee.

Planning is an image of a desired future that like a bridge connects the present state of to an organization to its future. The order of appropriate strategic planning at the macro level of military and non-governmental (private) sectors are defined as the serious responsibility of the officials and strategic managers of organizations and its purpose is to fulfill the mission, to achieve vision and to crystalize organizational objectives. This research is an applied one and with the aim of analyzing and comparing the strategic planning process in military and private (non-governmental) organizations in a case-by-case method seeks to answer the following question: "What are the differences in the Islamic Republic of Iran between  a strategic planning process in military and private (non-governmental) organizations?"The method of collecting the required data is library, documentary and field one. In this respect, the relevant questionnaires have been designed and distributed among the statistical population of 62 experts who have a history of service in related jobs. Using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis methods and SPSS software, the research questions are summarized and evaluated. The results show that in military organizations, strategic planning based on measures and orders of the Supreme Leader and the Commander-in-Chief has a threat-oriented and mission-oriented approach whose ultimate vision and aim is to maintain the sacred system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, regarding private (non-governmental) organizations, this is based on the vision, objectives and benefits of the organization with competing, profit-oriented and product-oriented approaches, and entering the planning stage is done regardless of the planning stage.

Planning is a picture of the desired future and the first step towards achieving organizational visions and goals. Appropriate planning at the macro level is one of the effective factors in achieving security and national interests, on the basis of which effective strategies and usable resources are determined. The present study aimed to explain the differences between the planning process in defense and non-defense organizations. To collect information, while studying the related theoretical literature, the specialized opinions of the community of experts who have a history of service in related jobs have been used and in data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software have been used. The results show that in defense organizations, planning, based on the orders of the Supreme Leader, often from top to bottom, has a threat-oriented and mission-oriented and outcome-oriented approach, and the ultimate vision is to maintain the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran; However, this is the case in non-defense organizations based on the vision and goals and benefits of the organization with competing, profit-oriented and product-oriented approaches.

Today, the countries of the world are trying to take advantage of geopolitical factors to adopt appropriate strategies in with their national interests. The Persian Gulf region and its surrounding countries is one of the most sensitive and strategic regions in the world, which is of great importance due to its communication, geo-economic, geopolitical and geostrategic values. Thic article aims to explain the geopolitical economic factors affecting the defense strategies of the Iran in the Persian Gulf and tries to answer the main question "What are the geopolitical economic factors affecting the defense strategies of the Iran in the Persian Gulf?. The type of research, development and method of collecting information required by libraries, documents and field is and by using descriptive-analytical and case-based methods, an attempt has been made to identify these economic factors and to approve them. And determine their factors (in the form of opportunities, opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses). In this regard, the relevant questionnaires were distributed statistical population of 40 people in full and using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods and SPSS to summarize the research answers. Finally, 26 factors were extracted: "Existence of suitable oil and gas reserves in Iran", "Existence of appropriate oil and gas reserves in the countries of the Persian Gulf region" and "Iran's economic situation due to economic pressure from the United States and other countries in the region were ranked as the most important economic geopolitical factors affecting the defense strategies of the Iran in the Persian Gulf.

Nowadays, the countries around the globe are trying to take advantage of geopolitical factors to implement appropriate strategies according to their national interests. The Persian Gulf region and its neighboring countries is one of the most sensitive and strategic realms in the world, and it is of great importance due to its communication, geo-economic, geopolitical and geostrategic tenets. In this study, it had been tried to examine these factors through the lens of a natural geopolitical factor. This study was a developmental one and employed desk, documentary and field methods to collect data. Using descriptive-analytical and case-based methods after conducting theoretical and geopolitical environmental studies, attempts were made to identify these natural factors and to confirm and determine the role of their factors (in the form of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses). In this respect, the related questionnaires were designed and distributed among a statistical population of 40 participants and then the research questions were summarized and evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis and SPSS software. Finally, 20 factors were extracted and introduced among which the factors of "Geographical and strategic location of the I.R. of Iran", "Dominance and control (control) of the Strait of Hormuz by the I.R. of Iran through the islands of Hormoz and Lark" and "Appropriate strategic depth of the I.R. of Iran" were categorized as the most significant natural geopolitical ones that influence the defense strategies of the I.R. of Iran in the region of Persian Gulf.

The Persian Gulf, as the richest and most important region in the world in terms of having huge hydrocarbon reserves as well as economic and financial importance, and as a vast and prosperous market, has a privileged position and position in the world. Relations between Iran and the southern neighbors of the Persian Gulf are of particular importance in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which for many years has been influenced by ideology, ethnicity, regional rivalries, global polarization, economic and so on. The existence of geopolitical interests and concerns has led to the emergence of common values and convergence and the establishment of good relations, and in contrast, geopolitical challenges have led to divergence and stressful relations in the regional system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the common interests and geopolitical challenges affecting the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the countries south of the Persian Gulf. This research is of an applied type that using descriptive-analytical method tries to provide the research answer that "What are the common interests and geopolitical challenges affecting the relations between the countries of the southern Persian Gulf and the Islamic Republic of Iran?" To pay. The method of data collection and information required is libraries and documents, and for data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics analysis methods and SPSS software have been used. In the end, using Friedman test, 15 factors as interests and 21 factors as the most important geopolitical challenges affecting the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the countries south of the Persian Gulf were counted.

Implementation of a strategy is always much more difficult than its formulation, and in principle, the main challenges of strategic management lie more in the implementation stage of the strategy than that of strategy formulation. Most organizations today are trying to move from the search for great strategies to the great capabilities of strategy implementation. Since, nowadays, the implementation of the strategy in various organizations, especially military organizations, has become more important, the main goal of this study is to "identify the factors affecting the successful implementation of the strategy in the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran." This research is an applied study and its method of data collection is a library and documentary one. Using a descriptive-analytical method, it has been tried to prioritize the strategy, its implementation and effective factors upon it. In this regard, the relevant questionnaires were prepared and designed and were distributed among the statistical population of 40 individuals and then using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods and SPSS software, the Research questions were summarized and evaluated. Finally, 34 factors affecting the successful implementation of the strategy in the statistical organization were obtained and using the "Friedman" test, "development and implementation strategies based on values, measures of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, ideals and vision" and "threat-based, mission-oriented approach in implementation" and "allocation of optimal resources and facilities" and "the presence of commanders with the ability to think strategically and systematically and their familiarity with the concepts of strategy and its implementation" as the most important factors affecting strategy implementation in Iran were ranked.

Called the "Deal of the Century," plan proposed by the US government and the Quds occupying regime, with the support of Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries, to end the Zionist regime's conflict with Palestine and a crucial step in the direction of fulfilling the Zionist aspiration The removal Palestine from the geography of the world's first Muslim Qiblah, the normalization of Arab-Zionist relations, and the weakening of the discourse of resistance. The purpose of this study is to explain the American plan of century deal and its impact on the resistance axis. This is an applied research that uses a descriptive approach with a mixed approach to try answer the main research question "what effect does the American plan of the century have on resistance axis?" The required data were also collected by library and field methods and analyzed by mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative). The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method at 88% and for statistical significance, the statistical test was used by chi-square test at 95% confidence level and 0.05 error. The findings of the article indicate that results of this plan include widespread instability and insecurity in West Asia, increased threats against Iran, the weakening of Iran's relationship with resistance groups, disarmament of Palestinian resistance groups, and reduction in the depth of geopolitical influence. Iran will form broad coalition of competing axes against the infiltration of resistance front in the region, weakening and capturing Iran and the regional allies of the resistance axis

At the Present Age, Missile And Air Strick With A lot of Acuracy And Full Volume, to Vital And Acute Central, Is Prime and Fix Component of Agression and war.Against, Multi Layer and Composite Airdefence Creation From Collective and Diversity Surface to Air Weapon, Can Decrease Damages in Front of Enemy Air Attacks, speciality, In Vulnerable Points Boundy.As the Matter,IRIB Doctrine and Priority Were Chang From Offensive to Defensive Operation, Surface to Air sytem’s, to be More Important and This System’s to be recked on as Most Important Equipment for Airborns Attack to Turn Upside Down And This Affair without very fine Combat Power not Impossible. This Research Done to Making Clear Qualily of Advancment Combat Power of Surface to Air Battlion of IRI ARMY Khatam-Al-Anbia Headquarter.This Paper to Make Answering to This Quistions that”how must be Advancment Combat Power of Surface to Air Battlion of IRI ARMY Khatam-Al-Anbia Headquarter”. For this Object Determining, Researh Target That They Are Determinig and Identify” Traning, Mobility, Logestics and Human Sourse Employing at Surface to Air Battlion’ will Analysed.This Paper, Is Applide And Descriptive and Mixed Method and Document And Evidence,Clear sightes Interview, Available Articles And Books, Was Also Used Collect Data Resarch and Analysed.This Research Resault, Dtermined That Is Significant Correlation (α%= 5(Between Traning,Defence Weapon Mobility, Logestics, Human Sourse Employing and Enumaret All of the Above Factors causes Advancment Combat Power of Surface to Air Battlion of IRI ARMY Khatam-Al-Anbia Headquarter

The air defense, regarding the extent that it can contribute to security, can also play a significant role in the country's defense capability, since it is the most important and most prominent part of the country's defense, and regarding the intention of the supreme leader, it is the front line of defense from country. For this reason, the authors attempted to address the role of air defense in enhancing the defense capability of I.R. of Iran as an independent macro variable and enhancement of the I.R. of Iran's defense capability as a dependent variable in order to address the main objective of the research. This research was an applied one and employed a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected by library and field methods (interview and questionnaire), then the data collected through the interview were analyzed by discourse analysis and the data obtained by questionnaire were analyzed by software. Validity of the questionnaire was determined by content validity and two-stage distribution and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha method with a score of 0.867. The sample size was 23 individuals. Generally, the results indicate that the air defense capability is very effective and operative in enhancing the defense capability of I.R. of Iran and its enhancement will improve the defensive capability in different conditions and will be considered as one of the most efficient elements of national defense against other countries, in a way that it has a coefficient of 48% in peacetime and 52% in times of crisis.