interpretative structural modeling

The betrayal of the spouse is a factor in the fragmentation of the family structure and also eliminating the positive function of this structure is important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reasons for marital betrayal of men from the perspective of their spouses. In this article, using structural interpretation model, we tried to identify the structural relationship between the reasons for marital betrayal and their impact and impact levels. The results of the leveling of the variables indicate that the psychological reasons are at the highest level and the role that determines the issue. In the next level, factors are economic and environmental factors, on the third level are emotional factors and in the second level there are past events. At the lowest and most affected level, sexual reasons, abuse, abnormal marriage, and the absence of a spouse. MICMAC analysis showed that factors such as psychological reasons, past events, environmental reasons, and economic reasons are independent factors and factors such as emotional reasons, sexual and physical reasons, abnormal marriages, misconduct and lack of presence of the spouse were classified as related factors. None of the agents were identified as interpersonal or autonomous agents.

Access to decent housing is the right of every person and all countries have put it on their agenda. In Iran, despite the emphasis on decent housing in Article 31 of the Constitution, the right to decent housing has not been realized in practice. Therefore, the current research seeks to develop a model to achieve the right to decent housing. The research is guided by a qualitative method. The structural-interpretive modeling has been used to present the model of the right to decent housing, and the mix-and-match analysis has been used to cluster the factors. The sampling method is purposeful and the statistical population is housing experts. The findings show that factors such as 1) keeping pace with the ideology and beliefs of the society, 2) relationships related to the governance structure, 3) relationships related to the social structure, 4) improving the security of possession, 5) justice in possession and 6) local requirements have the greatest influence in realizing the right to decent housing. The findings inform the housing trustees about their policies and remind them that they should reconsider their procedures. Instead of centralized policymaking, they should turn to local policymaking (provincialization of housing policy .

The purpose of this research was to level the relationships of professional competencies of Iranian football referees. The statistical population of this study included 13 experts, referees, experts, and faculty members who were purposefully selected. For the level of competency components of football referees, the interpretative structural modeling technique (ISM) was used by MATLAB software. For this purpose, in this research, the expert judgment system has been used and a paired questionnaire has been distributed in terms of effectiveness and impact on each other. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through formal and content validity and the alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the research, with an estimated value of 0/89. The findings showed that in the study of the relationships of the research components, the components of "managerial competency" are at the first level and "psychological competence and social competence" at the second level, indicating the high impact of these three variables. Also, the components of "knowledge merit and physical merit and field deserves" were at the third level, which was the most influential component of the professional competencies of the Iranian Football Premier League. Finally, using the MICMAC technique, variables were analyzed according to conductivity and dependence

The purpose of this study is to identify and design a tourism ecosystem pattern in Khalkhal city. The present research is based on the purpose of application and in terms of method and nature of the mixed type. The statistical population of the research includes 15 local experts working in the field of entrepreneurship and tourism. ISM and MicMac software were used to analyze the information. The results showed that each element has a different position in the two methods, depending on the type of communication with other elements that are direct, indirect and potential. Nevertheless, the design results of the final model showed that the two elements of governance and leadership, physical infrastructure, and attractions are the underlying elements of the ecosystem. In contrast to the elements of quality of life, terrestrial factors, human resources, and financial infrastructure are the predominant elements of tourism ecosystems in the region.

Although Iran is a developing country, social responsibility has not yet found a strong footing in Iranian organizations and companies. Hence, this study aimed at designing a social responsibility pyramid at Social Security Organization from its stakeholders’ perspective. To this end, an open-ended analytic interview was conducted with 20 experts at different levels whose views were analyzed using a thematic approach in MaxQDA software version 12. Further, the relationships among themes initially identified in the qualitative stage were determined via Interpretive Structural Modelling and using manual calculations and Excel Software. The findings from the designed social responsibility pyramid indicated service improvement and voluntary optional activities as the first level variables, economic and financial activities as those of the second level, political activities, education and research as the third level and finally regulations, organizational components and organizational culture as the fourth level variables. The study underscores the new insights that can be drawn from a constructive phenomenological approach about social responsibility in the specific context of the social security organization and can offer implications for its stakeholders.

by increasing the occurrence of disruptions and unexpected changes in the business, the development of a resistant supply chain is a key opportunity for leading companies to gain a competitive advantage and turn threats into unique opportunities. on the other hand, in order to develop a resistant system, the need to monitor and evaluate the current position and planning of improvement route will be undeniable and inevitable. the purpose of this study is to provide a model for assessing the supply chain resistance in the automotive industries.  

In terms of purpose, research is a developmental one. In terms of implementation, it is a descriptive research and from philosophical point of view, it is interpretive. to achieve the research’s goal, in the first step, the most important enablers of supply chain resistance in the automotive industry were identified. then, through interpretive - structural modeling, the causal relationships between them were explained by experts. in the next step, by the graph theory method and matrix approach, the degree of supply chain resistance in optimal, current and minimum conditions in  Pishgam part producing company was determined and the results sensitiveness was analyzed.

The supply chain resistance of this company is at the level of  %31.23. Sensitivity analysis showed that enabling the risk and income sharing, supply chain adaptability and structure are the first to third priority to improve the resistance level of the company's supply chain.

Enabling supply chain structure, cooperation, trust, information sharing and openness are key factors and facilitate the improvement process of other enablers. Financial strength enabler is effect and is acquired  from the improvement of other incentives and will facilitate the process of achieving a resistant supply chain. this model helps managers evaluate the consequences of their decisions to improve supply chain resistance.

 Seting the strategic objectives map is considered a step to upgrade the effectiveness of company as an effective tool for aligning the strategic objectives and organizational strategies, and show the causal relationships between the strategic objectives. Drawing the strategic objectives map is done visually in the experimental space of organizations. With this method, the causal relationships between the strategic objectives in the various layers are not entirely clear, and it is unclear which the strategic objectives are interrelated. Therefore, it is essential providing an intellectual approach based on mathematics such as the Interpretive Structural Modeling for drawing the strategic objectives map. Interpretive Structural Modeling is a technique construct and understands the relationships between the elements of a complex system based on experts' opinions. The problem of this study is the uncertainty of the causal relationships between the strategic objectives in functional Levels of Iran Alloy Steel Company. Therefore, the purpose of the study is Leveling of the strategic objectives in multiple layers on the four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard in Iran Alloy Steel Company that multiple objectives are considered in each layer.

The research category in the study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study includes 34 senior managers and experts in Iran Alloy Steel Company. In this study, the required data has been collected using library studies (documentary studies, study of domestic and foreign books and publications and search in databases) and field studies (interview and questionnaire). In the questionnaire of this study, the relationship between all the objectives in terms of how they relate and their impact on each other has been questioned. According to the 17 strategic objectives of Iran Alloy Steel Company, the number of questionnaire questions was 136. Matlab software used to draw causal relationships between the strategic objectives of the company through Interpretive Structural Modeling on the four perspectives of Balanced Scorecard in order to improve the performance of calculations and analysis.

 The findings showed the relationships between the strategic objectives are leveled in 6 layers on the Balanced Scorecard. In terms of the driving power and dependence, the objectives of “Increasing investment to complete the unfinished projects in Iran Alloy Steel Company”, and “Expansion of the interactions between steel industry and research centers” were identified as the most effective objectives which were at level 6. At level 5, there was only the objective of "IT infrastructure development" which is in the category of independent (driving) objectives. At level 4, there were two

"attracting efficient manpower" and "upgrading the performance of knowledge and information management" which are in the category of independent (driving) objectives. At level 3, there were seven

“upgrading employee's ability”, “optimal technology management”, “development of superior technologies”, “upgrading product quality”, “development of production capacities”, “sustainable supply of raw materials, items, parts and equipment” and “promotion of social performance” which are in the category of  linkage objectives. At level 2, there were two

"increasing the utilization rate of equipment" and "optimal use of assets" which are in the category of dependent objectives. Finally, at level 1, there were three

“strengthening brand in target economic markets”, “increasing customer satisfaction”, and “growing profitability” which were identified as the most dependent objectives.

According to the findings, Iran Alloy Steel Company to strengthen its infrastructure in the field of manpower and information technology, and the development and improvement of automation and information processing systems will be able to improve its internal processes, increase productivity, and while strengthening its brand in the market and attracting customer satisfaction to achieve profitability. Also, the results of this study are aligned and consistent with the logic of the four perspectives of balanced scorecard and real world in terms of the ISM model presented and the MICMAC analysis. For example, the five lower-level objectives in Interpretive Structural Modeling all include the learning and growth perspective of the Balanced Scorecard. Also, these are in the category of independent (driving) objectives in the MICMAC analysis, and are known as drivers for other objectives that the causal relationships between the objectives in the strategic objectives map are consistent with the balanced scorecard framework and the real world. In addition, the all objectives were located in three category of independent, linkage and dependent, and conflicting and autonomous objectives were not observed in results. However, the findings of this study in practice will enable Iran Alloy Steel Company to have a better understanding of the relationships of its objectives, and take conscious action to achieve objectives, and prioritize and budget them.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between effective indicators of leader's moral anger and abusive supervision on staff trust in the leader in Abu-Turab Clinic in Shiraz using interpretive structural modeling. This is a descriptive-correlation study in the qualitative-research sphere. The statistical sample of this study includes 12 middle managers with more than 10 years of work experience who were exposed to the moral anger of the leader and abusive leadership and had subordinates to carry out the operational affairs. The best-worst method was used to weigh the factors; the Multi-Mora Method was used to prioritize the factors, and finally the interpretative structural modeling for rating the factors. According to the results of data analysis, a total of 19 variables at 10 levels were identified as indicators of leader's moral anger and abusive supervision, including level 1: acceptance of the risk of legitimate aggression by leadership; level 2: lack of silence in order to protect people, anger with the motivation of positive social impact; Level 3: disrespect for employees; Level 4: decreasing self-esteem, downsizing staff, embarrassing employees, restricting employee communication; level 5: abuse of employees' weaknesses, slandering of employees, breaking silence in return of violation of fairness and justice; level 6: lying, venting anger on employees; level 7: mocking employees; Level 8: devaluing employees; level 9: breach of contract with employees, aggression against ignoring values and ethics, obscenity to employees; level 10: Intrusion into employee privacy.

The purpose of this study was to Results model design Outsourcing of sports venue management of Youth and Sports General Directorate of Khorasan Razav by ISM model. The present research is qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical nature and in type of applied research that has been carried out through interpretive structural method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15 faculty members and sport management and sports experts in sports federations selected by selective sampling according to their education and experience and their previous acquaintance with the subject of research. Firstly, through the Delphi process, interviews with experts and library research, research items were identified as 39 items. Subsequently, the components were compiled by the experts and finally, 8 components were identified for the items. At this stage, interpretive structural process was implemented and the relationship between the components was determined and identified at the first, and in the next step, also the indirect communication of the components was included in the table. At the end, the leveling of the components was done and the final model of the research was obtained and the MICMAC analysis of the power of influence and dependence of components of the structural-interpretative model was determined. The findings showed that the components have 5 levels as the better management and maintenance at the end and the base of model, and Comply with the requirements of law and political at the first and top of the model. According to the findings, it is recommended by outsourcing the possibility of sports, sports organizations can help make these places more productive and more profitable for the sports and youth organization

The health tourism showcase is considered as a standout amongst the most spurred and aggressive organizations on the planet and is one of the new regions of cutting edge tourism. The main objective of this analysis was to style a model within the field of health tourism in Mashhad. Initially the results of the qualitative section and then the quantitative section were described. Thirteen factors were known with the very best priority, per the skilled group’s opinions for the factors of health tourism. In fact, the factors were ranked according to the CCi similarity index. The issue with the foremost similarity index was hierarchic one. Thirteen elite factors whose index of similarity was over 0.8. Once characterization the hierarchical relationships of the thirteen factors, we tended to modify the ranking by the informative structural modeling, and that we got hold of a qualitative analysis model. After identification of the relationships and levels of their factors, we tend to print the model’s form. Then, the health tourism model was assessed employing a path analysis. At the end, the fitting indices of the trail analysis model were studied. Fitting of the indexes within the best vary, so indicating a lot of and  support of the info from the developed model. Therefore, the appropriateness of the trail analysis model in fitting to the collected information was confirmed. Then, exploitation the informative structural modeling, the link between 13 factors, dependent factors, autonomous factors, connected factors and freelance factors, was found and also the school of thought model was drawn in six levels.

The purpose of this research is to identify the effective factores on empowerment of Capabiliry of small and medium enterprises modelizing them using interpretive structural approach. The tool used in this research is interview method with the managers of the manufacturing companies. The findings of the interviews indicate that 12 key factores are as follow: competitiveness, managerial ability, strategy determination, change and development, business commitment, business policies, transparency and accountability, preparedness for events, technological innovation, marketing and exports, Team building and development of education; and among there factores determination of the strategy has the highest importance. Finally, using Interpretive Structural modeling, the model of empowerment of capability of small and medium enterprises has is presented.

On the one hand, the production of defense products is indispensable because of the role it plays in deterring and promoting the national security of the country, and, on the other hand, the economic conditions prevailing in the country have made production of defense products at the lowest cost an obligatory requirement. The lean supply chain of defense industries by focusing on waste removal and reducing costs, the answer is how to produce lower cost defense products. The purpose of this research is to identify the most important practices of the defense industries lean supply chain, and then, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the categorization and verification of the practices based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and then, using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) model, presents a model that shows the relationships between these practices. The power of driving and dependence of practices are also analyzed using the MICMAC technique. The results of the research show that out of a total of 84 practices introduced in the previous research for the lean supply chain, 49 practices are effective in the lean supply chain of defense industries. It consists of 8 categories and includes: Workshop level management, Quality management, Just in time, Repairs and Maintenance management, Human resource management, Suppliers relationships, New products design and Customer relationship. Customers relationship as the most basic and most driving practice and supplier relationship is the most dependent practice of the defense industries lean supply chain.

Due to the prevalence of Coronavirus diseasein the world, Information and communication technology has had a major impact on various aspects of business, especially on human resource management. One of the important tasks of human resources is coaching in the organization which, in the present era, information technology has had a significant impact on it. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors affecting the acceptance of E-coaching for the effective development of employees during the coronavirus in Social Security Organization of Iran. The methodology is descriptive- survey, based on the nature of research. The population of the study consists of 11 experts, including academic scholars, managers and experts in Social Security Organization. After a comprehensive reviewing of the literature, ten factors identified to explain E-coaching. These factors categorized in five levels using Structural-Interpretive Modeling. Then, after determining the levels of factors and considering the availability of the ultimate matrix, the final model of interpretation was designed. The results show that factors of  using incentives, observability, compatibility, and demographic characteristics related to E-coaching in Social Security Organization are more effective than other factors, i.e. relative advantage, testability, perceived pressures; computer self-efficacy, perceived obstacles, and complexity.

Organizational rip currents are a phenomenon that affects epidemic state management and the pillars of all government agencies. But the behavior of corporate managers can be effective in modifying this phenomenon. Therefore, considering the importance of managers' behavior in organizational rip currents control, this study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of professional behavior for managers facing organizational rip currents at Payame Noor University. In this study, seven categories of variables affecting the behavior of managers were identified through a comprehensive research literature review as well as the use of experts’ opinions. Then, using the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) technique and a questionnaire, the variables were classified into five levels. Later, after determining the levels of each factors and also considering the final accessibility matrix, the final model of the interpretation structure was drawn. Based on the results of this study, variables such as ethics and managerial expertise and the changing environment of the organization are among the factors that have the most impact on the professional behavior of managers in dealing with organizational rip currents.

The analysis of Iran's knowledge economy suggests that the main weakness of the Iranian economy is the lack of processes of innovation and innovative entrepreneurship for the exploitation of new knowledge and technology. These processes fundamentally formed in the knowledge-based entrepreneurship ecosystems that did not developed in Iran economy and has not even known. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to analyze development requirements of university–based entrepreneurship ecosystem in Iran. For this purpose, interpretative structural modeling was used. The use of this method requires identifying the components of the ecosystem based on the literature of the subject and the consideration of the relevant experts and relevant managers and policy makers to explain the relationship between them. Then, the required data needed to analyze the relationship between the requirements were obtained by completing the matrix questionnaire through survey with 20 experts and 10 managers. The research findings indicated that the development of university–based entrepreneurship ecosystem in Iran requires the development of 15 components of this ecosystem and 4 components related to its ecology. Only the development of four components of ecosystem including, the production of technological knowledge and innovative human capital, and the development of entrepreneurship knowledge workers, the creation of knowledge-based entrepreneurship processes are available at the universities. Developing components of the ecology of ecosystems including, open and competitive economy, open society, knowledge culture, and good governance that play a fundamental role in the development of the ecosystem, are only available to the government.

Health tourism has an undeniable role in the development of other sectors, in such a way that the strengthening of this sector provides a new path for the development of privatization policies and the realization of the 1404 vision goals based on the transformation of Iran into the region's health pillar. The lack of a comprehensive plan in the country that encompasses all the issues in this industry has caused Iran, having potential sources in this area, not be able to take advantage and reduce its dependence on oil income. The most important prerequisites for the preparation and compilation of this plan are identifying factors, priorities and their relationships with each other. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of nature and method, is descriptive-analytic research. In this research, after identifying the initial criteria through research literature and interview (143 factors), exploratory factor analysis of effective criteria in the development of health tourism in the country at a certain horizon of 1414 (28 factors), and finally, by using structural interpretation model, effective key factors And the infrastructure of the country's health tourism (13 factors) and their relationship with each other had been extracted. The findings of this study can provide a good guide for healthcare policy makers in adopting policies and strategies to encounter the threats and challenges of the future of this industry.

The tourism industry is now recognized as the world's largest provider of services in terms of income, which has, in addition to economic dimensions, expanded social justice and strengthened national identity. Meanwhile, urban tourism is one of the basic foundations of sustainable urban development. Urban tourism has received great attention due to its competitive advantages and abilities. The purpose of this research is to develop a sustainable tourism development strategy in the 12th district of Tehran with a structural-interpretation modeling approach. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose. To determine the strategy for sustainable tourism development (District 12 of Tehran), using expert opinions including university professors and research centers, the factors were determined by the Delphi method. ISM Interpretative-Structural Modeling is used to analyze the information. The statistical population of this research is made up of experts familiar with the tourism industry in Tehran province and has been used by 18 experts as examples. The results show that the factors of elaboration of clear and comprehensive regional policies in the field of tourism for attracting tourists, promoting the level of people's culture in the course of dealing with and accepting tourists, increasing the level of public safety of the society, the most influential factors of sustainable tourism development in the region Coming.

Health tourism is one of the most important sectors of the tourism industry in the world It is one of the attractive industries in the fields of economics, job creation, the introduction of cultures and even the creation of political interests for countries. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the health status of the city of Mashhad And identifying the weaknesses of health tourism in the process of attracting and providing medical services and health tourism to foreign patients has been developed. Therefore, the analysis of barriers to health tourism development in Mashhad has been implemented using Interpretative Structural Modeling Technique (ISM). This method is one of the methods of system analysis that examines the interactions between elements of the system. The method of interpretive structural modeling is based on expert opinion. The panel of experts consists of experts in the field of health tourism and organizations of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and managers of recreational and residential centers, Razavi hospitals, Ghaem, Mehr and Imam Reza. The findings showed that "economic and political comet sanctions, " The number of policy centers and their lack of interaction "," cultural and religious restrictions for foreign tourists "," lack of government support for investment in the tourism sector "and" lack of encouragement of private sector for investment " Are among the most influential obstacles to tourism development.