پایداری

Despite the emphasis on the importance of participation in development programs led by NGOs, there is still a lack of effective communication between governments and NGOs. Although governments claim to promote partnerships and stakeholder influence, they often resist actual collaboration and fail to create effective partnerships. This poses a significant problem for development processes, as effective communication is essential for meaningful participation in development. In order to investigate this issue, the present research focused on the relationship between the government and NGOs, and how they work together. The study utilized the grounded theory method and conducted in-depth interviews with 33 secretaries from youth centers in Isfahan province. The findings highlighted that youth NGOs have become deeply embedded in the government. This embeddedness has raised concerns about the NGOs' ability to maintain their independence and long-term viability. Consequently, their experiences of collaborating with the government are perceived as temporary, reflecting the challenges posed by their embeddedness. Not only does the government set the boundaries for the activities of youth NGOs, but it also controls the way they interact with these organizations. Furthermore, the government adopts a narrow perspective towards NGOs, their members, how they operate, the success of their plans, and even their relationship with the government itself.

The results of implementing regeneration policies in the field of organizing deteriorated fabrics have necessitated the need to assess its sustainability. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the sustainability of regeneration of urban deteriorated fabrics and assess it in Abkooh neighborhood. First, through library studies and application of content analysis method, the initial theoretical model of the research was developed, then Delphi technique was used to validate it. Thus, 32 indicators for assessing the sustainability of urban regeneration in five components, including economic, physical, activity-service, socio-cultural and environmental were obtained. In the next step, sustainability assessment indicators were analyzed and evaluated by survey method in the study area. The present study population consisted of all residents of Abkooh neighborhood, which 355 people were selected by simple random sampling as the research sample. The results show that in the process of regenerating the deteriorated fabric of Abkooh neighborhood, all components of sustainability are in their unstable conditions, which the socio-cultural, economic, physical, activity-service and environmental components have the highest to lowest instability, respectively. Also, the indicators of achieving stability in the process of regenerating the deteriorated fabric of Abkooh were evaluated and prioritized, including the indicators of "maintaining the balance of the housing market" in the economic component, "permeability" in the physical component, "land use compatibility" in the activity-service component, "participation" in the socio-cultural component and "access to green space" in the environmental component have the highest priority.

In view of the importance of knowledge and attention to the nature and type of indicators of social and cultural sustainability of Tehran city in urban policy and planning by the officials and trustees, this study, based on a hybrid conceptual framework, compiles and prioritizes the indicators of the construct of social and cultural sustainability of Tehran city in view of the role of Tehran City Council and Municipality. This research was conducted using a quantitative method (survey method with questionnaire and a checklist of indicators) and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and network analysis. In this method, the indicators were finalized after the initial list was compiled, refined, validated, and weighted by 30 relevant experts selected based on purposive, snowball, and key person sampling strategies. The priority of social sustainability indicators related to equity and justice, social participation, social responsibility, sustainability of local communities, recognition of social groups, preservation and improvement of urban nature, sustainability of population, and reorganization of labor. In the dimension of cultural sustainability of Tehran city, the indicators of cultural diversity, cultural participation, cultural equality, cultural identity, cultural heritage, prosperity and realization, and innovation were ranked. The results indicate that social and cultural sustainability is a totality which, on the one hand, is fluid, dynamic and changing due to its dialectical logic and, therefore, no static indicators can be given for it, and, on the other hand, its indicators cannot be derived from this totality. In fact, all these components are not an isolated concept and independent of other components, and all these components together form the totality of Tehran’s social and cultural sustainability.

Geography education in the schools of the world has a special place for the planning system as well as the curriculum planners, therefore, according to the global plans, the geography education programs in Iranian schools are considered by the planners and accordingly, the geography books in the grades and courses. Various educational programs have been compiled for students, which have been explained by examining the importance of world sustainability based on various indicators in these textbooks, the quality and quantity of this matter in Iranian schools and in the format of the above article. In this article, it has tried to examine each and every geography course of all grades in Iran's schools, this specific position and their strengths and weaknesses should be checked for the first time, based on which 12 grades and also three academic courses have been reviewed in the form of 11 separate geography education books, in which the findings have been indicated that the overall quantitative and qualitative weakness of geography textbooks and topics in this field, and studies have shown that Iran's geography textbooks are far from international standards in the field of geography education based on sustainability indicators, which should be revised by curriculum planners.

Due to their specific location and function, border cities are among the cities where both groups of global and local forces affect their stability. Based on this, the main problem of this research is based on the strength of the border cities of Kurdistan province, and then the effect of the border location on the stability of these border cities, as well as the necessary strategies to achieve sustainability in these cities. Therefore, considering the importance of the border location and the effect that this location can have on urban development and urban sustainability, this research seeks to evaluate the sustainability in border cities with a case study of the border cities of Kurdistan province. To answer these issues, in this research, using Descriptive-analytical method and using methods such as numerical taxonomy, strategy planning method, as well as data based on SPSS software and single-sample T-statistic methods were measured to evaluate the stability in the border cities of Kurdistan province and the effect of the border location on their strength. The results of the research showed that the average stability calculated for all the studied cities in the four dimensions was obtained as 0.5, which is in the range of moderate strength. Also, based on the numerical taxonomy method, in connection with the urban areas of Marivan and Bane cities, as the cities studied in this thesis, which have the most significant number of border cities, they are ranked 1 and 2 in terms of urban sustainability with 0.5396 and 0.5401, respectively, which shows the positive effects of the border location on the stability of the city. Also, in this study, based on the participatory strategic planning method and using the SWOT model, the results showed that considering the special conditions of the border cities as well as the internal and external factors affecting the sustainable development of these cities, the formulated strategies are focused on certain dimensions.

The purpose of present article is to analyze the individual-contextual cultural identity elements in the formation and stability of ethnic iIdentity of Turkish people in Iranian Azerbaijan. The method of this study is qualitative through snowball sampling method by interviewing with 22 of Turkish experts in Iranian Azerbaijan who are living in Tehran city and other Azeri provinces` centers in 2020. To validate the concepts of interviews, experts` ideas were applied through two consecutive stages. According to the “thematic analysis” obtained from the experts` interviews, from 144 contents, 74 categorized codes and 12 sub- themes and finally four main themes were recognized which are Geography, Language, Individual Attitude, and Biological Characteristics and their indexes were recognized as individual-contextual cultural identity elements in the formation and stability of ethnic iIdentity of Turkish people in Iranian Azerbaijan. Thus, the recognized cultural individual- contextual identity elements were the main features of Azeri nation`s formation and stability, also their continuity and synchronicity had led to the stability of t ethnic iIdentity of Turkish people in Iranian Azerbaijan.

Sustainable development is inextricably linked to the environment. One of the requirements of sustainable development is the protection of the environment and natural resources as the collective heritage of humanity; In such a way that, in addition to meeting the needs of the current generation, it also can meet the needs of the next generation. Climate change is one of the most critical environmental problems in the world. These changes have many negative consequences for rural sustainability. In this regard, analyzing farmers' experience and understanding of rural sustainability in the context of climate change is necessary to adopt environmental policies compatible with the environment. This study investigates farmers' understanding of rural sustainability, emphasizing the past climate. To achieve this goal, this study selected the villages in different south, north, west, and east regions of Isfahan province. This study uses the systematic grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin. Semi-structured interview technique was also used to collect data. All interviews were transcripted, analyzed, and coded in three stages: open, axial, and selective. As a result, 29 concepts and seven axial categories were obtained to draw a paradigm model of the self-reliant and sustainable past. From the farmers' point of view, a regular agricultural calendar with a suitable geographical context and a safety net interfering factor has led to a self-reliant and sustainable past. Farmers' strategy has also been ecological agriculture, which has shaped the consequences of subsistence self-sufficiency. Paying attention to climate change in rural development policies, strengthening safety nets, and creating a business plan with the help of farmers, can contribute to sustainable rural development.

The study of social harms along with their causes, as well as methods of prevention and treatment of these phenomena, is included in the study of social pathological conditions; Because the main origin of social harms should be sought in the whole of social life and specific types of human relations. Socio-economic disorders like poverty, inflation, high prices, etc provide a favorable environment for various types of social harms. Therefore, the concept of pathology is widespread. Harandi neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods in the south of Tehran that despite its long historical and even socio-economic background, today has become one of the most problematic neighborhoods of Tehran and can be referred to as an abandoned neighborhood. Despite the cross-sectional interventions that have been carried out in the Harandi neighborhood - mainly at the physical level - there are still obvious and hidden social harms in this neighborhood. The existence of worn-out and old tissue, all kinds of disordered families, conflicts and quarrels, etc. all show the unhealthy situation of this urban neighborhood. The main purpose of this study is to explain the pathology of the causes of the sustainability of social and economic injuries in the Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood of Tehran, during the 10 years ending in 2009. Also, in this study the continuing conditions of social and economic damage in the Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood of Tehran, the contexts of social and economic damage in this neighborhood, and the consequences of social and economic damage in that are explained.

In Europe, in the early twentieth century, especially during and after World War I, colonial powers such as Britain witnessed their colonies fighting and protesting against the colonial rule. In Ireland, meanwhile, in April 1916, a nationwide uprising called Easter Uprising against British colonial rule took place. Although the colonialists suppressed the uprising, the aftershocks of that were reflected in Irish society and literature. As the national poet of Ireland, William Butler Yeats opposed the British colonial discourse in his aesthetic world, and in his poems by creating a mythical world, he was able to reflect the important issues of his time and oppose the colonial system. Therefore, in this study, using the postcolonial reading, an attempt has been made to draw a picture of Yeats’ policy of resistance in the poem “Easter, 1996” and several other works of this Irish poet. This study also shows how the process of decentralization in “Easter 1916” leads to a deconstruction of colonial power and the defense of the Irish people.

The purpose of this article is to identify and prioritize the elements of contextual-cultural identity in the creation and stability of the identity of the Turkish ethnicity.

The present research uses a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, 22 Azeri experts living in Tehran City and other Turkish-speaking province centers in 2020 selected through snowball-sampling method to reach theoretical saturation were interviewed. In the quantitative phase, 384 residents of the centers of the Azeri provinces were selected through stratified random sampling method using Cochran's formula. Research instruments in qualitative part were checklist and semi-structured questionnaire. The instrument of the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire extracted from the identified indicators of contextual-cultural identity in the creation and stability of the Turkish ethnic group. To validate the content of the interviews, two consecutive stages of surveys with experts were used. Content validity and structural validity were used to assess the validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire.

The findings of the qualitative section revealed that based on the “thematic analysis” obtained from the interviews with experts, from 144 contents, 74 categorized codes, 12 sub-themes and finally four main themes were recognized, inclusding:1. Geography, 2. Language, 3. Individual Attitude, and 4. Personality Characteristics; their indexes were recognized as contextual-cultural identity elements in the creation and stability of Turkish ethnicity. Moreover, the results of the quantitative section, according to the exploratory factor analysis, showed five factors affecting the creation and stability of the individual-contextual cultural identity element of Turkish ethnicity, including 1. Personality characteristics, 2. Language, 3. Gender differences, 4. Individual attitudes, and 5. Geography. The results of one-sample t-test proved that the contextual-cultural identity, to a large extent, affects the creation and stability of the identity of the Turkish ethnicity. In this category, geography and language had the most important and gender differences had the least important role.

Hence, geography and language are the most important elements of contextual-cultural identity in the creation and stability of the identity of the Turkish ethnicity.

The aim of this study was to predict Grit  based on attachment to God, life expectancy and happiness in retired female educators of Khomeini Shahr city. The research method was correlational type of prediction and the statistical population included all retired female educators in Khomeini Shahr in 2020, whose number was 167 people. Using Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 113 people according to the statistical population. Finally, the sample size was reduced to 100 people, including statistical loss. Data collection tools included the Grit Questionnaire's Duckworth (2007), the Attachment to God Beck and McDonald's Questionnaire (2004), the Snyder's Life Hope Questionnaire (1991), and the Argyle, Martin, & Croesland's Oxford Questionnaire (1989) Happiness Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression) using spss-22 software. The results showed that attachment to God (β = 0.49), happiness (β = 0.23) and life expectancy (β = 0.42) respectively, were 47/5% able to predict the Grit of retired female educators. The results also showed that Sub-component of attachment to God, relationship with God, trust and attention to God, 34/2% were able to predict Grit And Sub-component of life expectancy, factor thinking, and strategic thinking accounted for 37/9% percent of the ability to predict Grit at the significance level of p≤0.01.

This study was descriptive-survey, with the aim of social development dimensions evaluating and from the viewpoints of faculty members and managers at Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. 120 faculty members and managers were selected by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was social development a standard questionnaire consisting of 25 pairs of corresponding questions were designed on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon tests, Friedman rankings by spss 21 software. The findings from the viewpoints of faculty members and managers at Babol Noshirvani University of Technology showed that ratings of social development dimensions were respectively consisted identity, consensus and social cohesion ( 4.62 ) , social capital ( 4.36 ) , social accountability (4.23) , social welfare ( 3.97 ) , Social security ( 3.86 ) , social justice ( 3.62 ) , sustainability ( 3.35 ), there is a gap in all social development dimensions. The size of the gaps were respectively related to the social accountability ( -1.32) , social security ( -1.28 ) , sustainability ( -1.27 ) , social welfare ( -1.14 ) , social justice ( -1.01 ) , identity and social cohesion ( -0.99 ) , social capital ( -0.82 ). Accordingly can be concluded that in the role of social development, universities should pay more attention to social justice and sustainability, in order to the role of social development dimensions and in doing so, they should make greater use of the strategy of strengthening identity consensus and social cohesion and promoting of social capital.

The differences between attitudes and approaches of Islam to progress and developmentwith those of the Wes tern world are quite clear. Hence, it is inevitable to pay attentionto the cultural and environmental requirements of Islamic societies in designing anddeveloping an Islamic model of progress. The main purpose of this s tudy is to presenta model for sus tainable business development and progress based on Islamic approachand find out its dimensions, components and indicators. For this purpose, the requireddata were collected through qualitative content analysis of Islamic texts through inductivemethod. Based on the results, and considering the validity of the results (Credibility,Transferability, dependability, and Conformability), the Islamic Model of Sus tainableBusiness contains seven dimensions: 1) Economic, 2) Environmental, 3) Social, 4) Laborand Production, 5) Management and Leadership, 6) Human Capital, and 7) Progress andExcellence. This model, in the form of 36 components and 132 indexes, in the light oftwo fundamental Islamic principles (jus tice and ethics), will prepare the grounds for theachievement of Islamic sus tainable development goals.

The increase in population and their desire to settle in the cities has led to the emergence of various types of urbanization in recent years. Citizenary are gathered together not for cultural and social proportions, but for the purpose of utilizing urban amenities and services. This led to the diversion of different cultural and social groups alongside each other, solely for the purpose of enjoying services, without regard to cultural proportions, and overturning the culture of the citizenry. In order to stop this process, one of the main goals of urban planning and cultural planning should be to focus on promoting the culture of cities. The purpose of this article is to present and prioritize the cultural planning indicators in the cities of Iran in order to achieve sustainability. This article is in the descriptive-analytic article group and has used document analysis and content analysis method to extract cultural planning indicators. After that weighing the indicators was done by "swinging weight gain" by the group of experts. The results show that the indicators "Percentage of cost of cultural items in total household costs", "Percentage of household income from cultural activities", "Use of symbols and symbols in the city" and "Number Famous and well-known personalities in the city "are among the most important indicators of cultural planning realization in Iranian cities, which shows how far urban design on urban cultural planning It is effective, and paying attention to cultural planning is not merely programmatic, it also covers urban design.

The communication network is one of the physical elements of the city that plays a key role in times of crisis, including facilitating relief and assisting the injured and various rescue and reconstruction operations .The stability of the pre-crisis communication network has led to a reduction in potential damages and this requires proper physical conditions. The metropolitan area of Tehran faces many problems in times of crisis due to unique features such as non-compliance with the standards and standards of access networks. As one of the main highways of East Tehran, Resalat highway has important features such as direct access to public transport and metro subway, communication with important communication networks, proximity to dense neighborhoods of East Tehran and important places and indexes and these factors point to the important role of this communication network in preserving city life as well as its necessity in times of crisis. This research falls into the descriptive-analytical research group and Using the SWOT technique, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the communication network were expressed. The measurement tool was a questionnaire for those responsible for passive defense and crisis management. Data were analyzed using AHP technique and in the end it led to conclusions and suggestions for increasing the sustainability of communication networks in times of crisis. The inventory of research indicates that Flat and non-flat intersections, road closures, proximity, contact with sensitive and important centers are among the major factors in reducing vulnerabilities in times of crisis and That plays a vital role in the stability of communication networks

Developing countries have always been associated with a kind of uneven development. In fact, a set of influential factors in these countries have made them act independently of any planning and scheduling. In this study, the metropolis of Karaj with the experience of various urban development projects was selected as a case study to localize the content sustainability assessment of urban development projects that is the purpose of this study. Develop a local model of sustainable development in it. In this descriptive-analytical study with systematic analysis technique, a list of sustainability indicators from reliable sources (World Bank, United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development . Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Counted. Then, using the methodology of "Green Book" (part of the strategic and research program of the Office of Research and Development ORD3) in the United States) and paying attention to the law of renaming the Ministry of Housing (1353), classification and local ‌ Establishment of evaluation indicators and sustainability management of development projects. The results of the evaluation with AHP and Delphi technique show two stages; The rate of application of sustainable development indicators in the stage of recognizing urban development plans is at a relatively desirable level, but in the output of the plan, the relationship between the indicators in recognizing the current situation and presenting the plan is left. Therefore, it is necessary to make a fundamental review in the process of preparation and content of urban development plans as one of the tools to achieve development.

The main purpose of this research is to rank, classify and stratify the urban areas of the border counties of Iran based on sustainable development indices. This study used the data of general population and housing censuses, sample surveys, and other related findings to measure sustainability. Sustainability was assessed in terms of the four social, economic, physical-access and environmental dimensions across Iranian border cities. VIKOR model was used to rank the cities. The findings of this study show that about 3% of urban areas of border counties of Iran are in an unstable condition, 42% are in a relatively unstable condition, 53% are in a moderately stable condition and 2% are in a relatively stable condition. The results also show that, in these areas, the situation is not very favorable in all socio-demographic, economic, environmental and physical indices. In particular, the economic, environmental and physical-access indices are unstable or relatively unstable. It is only in the socio-demographic index that the situation is somewhat favorable, with most of the border cities being in a moderate condition in terms of sustainable development. According to the research findings, there is a need for attention and practical planning for the development of these areas.

Urban historic neighborhoods are one of the most important capitals left over from the past centuries in Iran, which have been eroded and degraded for various reasons today. One of the most important historic neighborhoods in the capital of Iran (Tehran) is the Oudlajan neighborhood.
This article, by using various methods such as documentary study, interview and field observation, trying to answer two questions in relation to the Oudlajan neighborhood: First, what factors are in the historical context together to create the current instable situation in this neighborhood? And what other parts of the neighborhood are in the current situation, what role each of these components play in increasing its stability or instability?
According to the results, some of the most important factors affecting the current situation in the neighborhood in different historical periods are: the weakening of the productive and economic system of the country due to the inability to compete with the new systems, reduce the dependence of the capital to other cities and villages in the country and strengthen the mechanism of attraction Population in Tehran over the past 150 years, changing the pattern of stratification in urban neighborhoods and focusing on poverty and wealth in some neighborhoods, breaking the organic relationship of Tehran's bazaar with Oudlajan neighborhood and exploiting the Oullajan by the market and the inefficiency of urban management systems as controlling systems And regulator of relationships in city.
The most important parts of the neighborhood, in terms of its impact on stability or instability, can be divided into four broad categories. Which is mentioned in the text of the article and it seems that the result of their forces is now to increase the instability in the neighborhood. It should be noted that if this trend continues, the survival of the Oudlajan as a historical neighborhood will be faced with serious challenges and Iran will lose another valuable historical capital forever.

center for strategic studies