فهرست مطالب پیمان یار محمد زاده

The aim of the current research is to present a model of social capital pathology within the education system. A mixed- method approach, based on content analysis and structural equation modeling was utilized. In the qualitative research section, the statistical population comprised experts and professors in the field of education from Tabriz city, selected through purposive sampling. In the quantitative section, teachers and administrators were chosen based on the Cochran formula. Twelve semi-structured interviews were coded using ATLAS.ti software and analyzed through content analysis. A total of 384 researcher-designed questionnaires were distributed and completed.  Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted using the SmartPLSsoftware. The research results indicate that social capital components contribute to relational damages (dimensions, certainty in social awareness, social erosion, conformity in social relationships, certainty in social commitment, and social knowledge forecast), planning damages (organizational conflicts with collective capital, erosion of organizational principles, and decline of cognitive assets), institutional damages (underdevelopment of thoughts in environmental relationships, structural conflicts within the organization, erosion of social structure, susceptibility to behavioral abnormalities), and individual interactional components (cognitive-behavioral rigidity, lack of interest in collective participation, decline in trust and resilience, and mastery of behavioral abnormalities). The use of structural equation modeling demonstrated that the proposed relationships in the qualitative analysis were statistically confirmed, with factor loadings above 0.3 and t-statistics exceeding 1.96. Fit indices were also within acceptable ranges, affirming that the social capital pathology model in education is adequately fitted.

The aim of this study was to design and validate a conceptual model of barriers to international interactions of faculty members of Tabriz University and to examine its current status.  

The approach of this research is quantitative descriptive correlation and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research was 788 people, including all faculty members of Tabriz University in 1398. Using Cochran's formula and random sampling method, 259 people The sample title was selected and, a questionnaire was used. For data analysis, the first and second stage confirmatory factor analysis, one-sample t-test and Friedman test were used.

The findings of this study showed that all four dimensions of the barrier model. Individual, organizational, national and transnational  were confirmed and Friedman test and comparison of rank average showed that the most important obstacles , according to faculty members, are transnational barriers with average rank (3.38), barriers. An organization with an average rank(2.63), national obstacles with an average rank (2.44) and individual obstacles with an average rank (1.55).

Given that the international interactions of faculty members are one of the dimensions of the globalization of higher education and they lead to developing their scientific development and moving on the edge of knowledge, this survey can be concerned by the relevant policy makers regarding the development of international interactions of faculty members and the internationalization of higher education.

The present study was conducted with the aim of validating the data model of the talent identification foundation of students with potential for teaching jobs. This study was conducted using a combined method (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative part, the foundation data method was used, and in the quantitative part, the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used. The population studied in the qualitative part of this research included all the education experts of Iran who were selected by the purposeful judgment sampling method and the data collected from them reached the theoretical saturation in the 19th person through the interview method. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part included 2600 people from the executive and teaching staff of the schools along with the professors of Farhangian University, which according to the Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 335 people. Sampling was done by multi-stage cluster random method. The research tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire. The questions and items of the questionnaire were compiled using research literature and the results of a qualitative study. In order to confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and also to confirm the validity of the model, the PLS algorithm has been followed. PLS modeling takes place in two stages. In the first step, the measurement model (external model) is examined through validity and reliability analyzes (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability) and confirmatory factor analysis. In the second step, the structural model of the research (internal model) was examined. The data was analyzed by SmartPLS software. The results indicated that the causal conditions, background conditions, intervening factors and consequences in the talent identification model of gifted students are valid and approved.

The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model for green management with a sustainable development approach. The current research is developmental in terms of purpose, and this study was conducted based on the grounded theory methodology. The participants included 26 experts in the field of environment, experienced principals of secondary schools, sustainable development experts in the Department of Education of East Azerbaijan Province, and professors with knowledge in the field of green management from Azad University and Tabriz University. In order to achieve theoretical saturation in the semi-structured interview, the sample was selected purposefully and by snowball method. The validity of the data was confirmed with acceptability, transferability, verifiability, and reliability. Strauss and Corbin's three-stage coding process (open, central, selective) with MAXQDA software was applied to analyze data. The results of the research indicate that the causal factors affecting the green management of secondary schools include green futurism, the establishment of the environmental management system, and strategic developments. Functional isolation, limitations, professional health barriers, and lack of commitment are intervening factors. Sustainable transportation, use of clean technology, saving energy, and managing water consumption and waste are identified as actions. Total quality management implementation, social impacts, and performance improvement are extracted as outcome factors. Finally, the results of the selective coding showed that the main factors are teaching the protection of basic resources and the environment, the development of green technology, and sustainable culture to modify the consumption pattern.

The aim of the current research is to provide a model of talent identification of students with potential for teaching jobs in secondary schools using a qualitative Grounded theory. The sample of the research was selected by the purposeful sampling method of the judgment type, and the data reached theoretical saturation by interviewing the 19th person. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis method and using MexQuda qualitative data analysis software during three stages of primary, secondary and conceptual coding. Based on the findings of the research, the causal conditions of the aptitude model consisted of 21 secondary codes with three concepts including personality dimensions, skills and corresponding tendencies. For the contextual category, 12 secondary codes corresponding to the concepts of legal, managerial, executive and political inadequacies were extracted. The central category of students' talent search was identified with the secondary codes of knowledge management, effectiveness, job satisfaction and productivity. Intervening components were explained with the concepts of national values, politicization, improper talent management, national culture, Iran's economic embargo, domestic political conditions, culture and family conditions.The strategies were categorized into two long-term (reform management style, talent management, strategic management, cultural transformation and structural reforms) and short-term (reform recruitment and hiring system, incentive policies and performance evaluation). Finally, the consequences of talent identification model were presented through 8 secondary codes in the four dimensions of social development, individual development, balance between education and education and promotion of teacher status. Theoretical reasoning, along with the multi-level analysis of the consequences of talent search in the context of education, helps in making optimal decisions at all levels and achieving organizational goals.

The present study aimed to measure the talent identification model of students with potential for teaching jobs in senior high schools of Iran. It was a quantitative study with a survey approach. The research populatio n included 2,600 people from the executive and teaching staff of schools and professors of Farhan giān University. From among them 335 people was selected randomly as the research sample according to Morgan's table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The questio ns and items of the questionnaire were compiled using literature review and the results of a qualitative study. In order to confirm the validity and reliabi lity of the questionnaire and also to confirm the validity of the model, the PLS algorithm has been followed. PLS modeling takes place in two stages. In the first step, the measurement model (external model) is examined through validity and reliability analyzes (Cronbach's alpha coef ficient and composite reliability), and confirmatory factor analysis. In the second step, the structural model of the research (internal model) was examined. The data were analyzed by Smart PLS software. The results indicated that the causal conditions, cont extual conditions, intervening fac tors and consequences were signifi cant in the talent iden tification model of students who have potential for teaching jobs.

Nowadays, with the complexification of societies, the need to learn various core competencies has become more evident than ever. Many countries, realizing the necessity of media literacy education, have taught this type of literacy. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating and designing the development model of media literacy competence of English language teachers.

In this research, the qualitative database method was used, which is one of the exploratory and inductive researches and in terms of the type of fundamental objective. The statistical population of the research is specialists and experts in media literacy, who were more than 20 people. In this research, the snowball sampling method was used and data collection continued until data saturation was reached, after conducting 20 in-depth and structured interviews with university experts and English language teachers of the first and second secondary schools in Tabriz city, theoretical saturation was achieved. Based on the grounded theory analysis, the main categories were extracted after completing the coding process, and the content of the interviews was analyzed and a proposed model was presented.

Based on the obtained model, 11 main factors that include the infrastructure for promoting media literacy, providing educational equipment, teaching critical thinking, developing media literacy competence, establishing educational justice, creating a learning environment and learners' participation in the educational structure, managing students' entry into the virtual world, The lack of educational assistance facilities, the lack of acceptance of virtual media among teachers, the development and updating of teachers' skills, access, production and media communication, the development of technology at the global level were identified as effective factors that resulted in the development of media literacy competence and the establishment of educational justice.

Based on the findings of this research, we conclude that school administrators and officials should take the necessary measures to develop and advance the media literacy competence of English language teachers and take steps to solve the challenges and problems ahead, according to the identified indicators.

One of the ways of scientific dynamism in any country and scientific development of higher education and faculty members of any university in the world is the international interactions of faculty members. The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers and challenges of international interactions among faculty members of Tabriz University to provide a model for these barriers and challenges.

This research was done using a qualitative approach by conventional content analysis method using MAXQDA 2018 software. Participants in this study were 15 faculty members of Tabriz University, selected by systematic sampling method using snowball technique. After semi-structured interviews with the participants, these interviews continued until the data saturation was reached; then, the researcher did the open coding, and after that, the axial coding was done in two steps until the main categories were identified. The validity of these interviews was assessed using two strategies of analysis and review by participants and review by research colleagues.

The analysis results of this study showed that the identified barriers and challenges of international interactions have four main dimensions, including individual barriers and challenges, organizational barriers and challenges, national barriers and challenges, and transnational barriers and challenges. Results showed that individual barriers and challenges included three components ( low motivation of faculty members to have international interactions, insufficient mastery of faculty members in an international language and weakness of scientific-research abilities and skills of faculty members),organizational barriers consisted of four components (inadequate support of university structure from international interactions of faculty members, insufficient support of university culture from international interactions of faculty members, insufficient financial support of university from international interactions of faculty members, weakness of expert human resources in different organizational sections), national barriers and challenges included three elements (cultural, social, economic, and scientific components), and transnational barriers and challenges had two elements (political obstacles and international sanctions). The proposed model can be used as a basis for identifying, acting and evaluating to remove barriers and challenges to international interactions of faculty members for the relevant authorities to increase those interactions.

This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the faculty and graduate students' knowledge-based entrepreneurship from the point of view of experts and examine the status from the viewpoint of the stakeholders. This research has a quantitative and qualitative approach. In order to collect information in a qualitative method, a semi-structured interview has been used and a quantitative method has been used to determine the status of knowledge base entrepreneurship. The statistical population of this research was the experts of Urmia University of Technology (Qualitative Approach) for the number of 19 people, as well as the professors and graduate students of Urmia University of Technology (quantitative approach) to 646 people. Quantitatively, a stratified random sampling method was used based on the Morgan table, which was selected as an approximate sample of 291 individuals, and a targeted sampling was used to select elites. For analyzing data, open and axial coding techniques were used with SPSS and Lisrel software. The results showed that 7 categories can be accommodated. Main categories included supporting factors, motivational factors, occupational factors, environmental factors, educational factors, structural factors, and underlying factors. From experts' point of view, among the factors of the entrepreneurial tendency towards knowledge creation, the most effect was created by motivational factors, and the underlying factors and environmental factors, educational factors And structure mean condition and finally, supporting, motivational and occupational factors have bad status They were based on knowledge-based entrepreneurship

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of teachers about virtual in-service training. This study was conducted using descriptive phenomenological method. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted from the targeted target-oriented samples up to the level of information with 18 teachers from primary, secondary and secondary schools. During interviews, teachers expressed their experiences in virtual service teaching, which were analyzed using the seven-step methodology. The 9 main themes were: timely availability of time and space, optimality , Adaptability to educational methods and new technologies, organizational support, content problems, executive problems, evaluation problems, human resource problems; rare infrastructure required. These topics include the accumulation and tabling of topics such as: (Increasing the time of training, comfort, flexibility in training, managing time and place of training, and staffing responsiveness to the client, reducing the cost of executive courses for the organization, reducing travel expenses for teachers, , Technical and computer skills training, learner-centered learning, the ability to combine with other virtual spaces, up-to-date teaching and testing methods, score points in an organization, assessment, organizational enhancement, application and emphasis on cumbersome content, content tuneup, based on Not being in need of measurement, lack of proper supervision, certification rather than emphasis on learning, Discrediting results, creating opportunities for profitability, lack of interaction during training, lack of academic motivation, teacher pressure and problems, lack of literacy). Findings of the research show that the use of a management education system in management education courses can address some of the educational difficulties and intersections in the face-to-face understanding of teachers, including synchronizing education with changes in textbooks, limiting time, place And educational resources and ways to develop new ways of educating teachers such as electronic and virtual methods.

This study is about and examines experiences of female school principals from the balance between work and life. The current research uses a qualitative approach with thematic analysis research method. Contributors are 120 female school principals of the city of Paveh whom, by purposeful criterion-oriented sampling method fifteen people of school female principals of Paveh city were selected and their experiences from the balance between work and life have been examined with semi-structured interviews. For the sake of validation, review method of results by participants, and to increasing trust in results, method of External audit technique has been used. Finally, a Colaizzi methods for eight themes and twenty categories has been extracted by analysis method with titles including: time management technique, management ability, commitment, good family conditions(education and appropriate growing and cognitive conditions of children, family conditions, selection and sincerity in family relationships and their understanding of vocation conditions), role lightening (gain experiences, organization, colleagues and help desk service’s cooperation, change in conditions of service), mental and spiritual health of job (appreciate and feeling the pleasure and peace of work and serving the people, cheerful spirit and vitality, psychological refinement), the importance of the monetary dimension, moderation at the level of your and others expectations (fit the expectations according to the conditions, creating fitness at the level of others expectations and convincing them about the conditions).

Identifying barriers to the use of information and communication technology in the educational activities of  Urmia University students.

This study is a sequential-exploratory mixed research . In the qualitative stage, the conventional content analysis method has been used and in the quantitative stage, descriptive survey research (mixed exploration) has been used. The statistical population includes all undergraduate and graduate students of Urmia University in the academic year 2019-2020 (13209 people). In the qualitative stage, 40 people are purposefully selected for in-depth interviews and the interviews are continued until the saturation stage. In the quantitative stage, simple random sampling method used, and 375 people are selected using Morgan table. The data collection tool is interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part, open and axial coding using MAXQDA software is used for data analysis in the qualitative part, one-sample t-test and Friedman test using SPSS 25 software are used in the quantitative part. The face and content validities of the questionnaire is confirmed by researchers and experts. The reliability of the questionnaire is estimated to be 0.90 through Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

In the qualitative section, 55 basic concepts, of eighteen sub-categories, and four general categories are extracted, The four general categories are: 1) individual barriers (skills and knowledge - motivation and attitude); 2) economic barriers (financial resources - cost of skills training - provision of hardware and software); 3) cultural and educational barriers (society's attitude to technology- expert force professors’- weakness and theoretical knowledge - professors' views on information and communication technology) and; 4) infrastructural-technical barriers (limited access to technology - classroom and university space - technology facilities and equipment). In the quantitative part, individual barriers, economic barriers, cultural-educational barriers and infrastructure-technical barriers are the main barriers to the use of information and communication technology in the educational activities of Urmia University students.Among these, technical and infrastructural barriers are the most important and economic barriers are the least important barriers from the viewpoint of interviewees.

According to the results, technical and infrastructural barriers are the most important and most frequent barriers to information technology, so university officials should seek ways to solve these barriers.

 Organizational silence is a common phenomenon in organizations that is influenced by many organizational characteristics including organizational culture, perception of organizational policy and professional ethics. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of organizational culture and perception of organizational policy on organizational silence with emphasis on the mediating role of professional ethics among faculty members of the University of Gilan.

 This research is a descriptive correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all faculty members of the University of Gilan in 2019 to 545 people. The sample size was 220 according to the statistical population and using simple random sampling method and Morgan table. Questionnaires of Organizational Silence (Dain), organizational culture (Queen), Understanding of Organizational Policy (Kakmar & Carlson) and Professional Ethics (Haywood & et al) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling using SPSS 24 and LISREL 8.8 software.

Ethical Considerations:

 The objectives of the research and the confidentiality of information were explained to the participants and their informed consent was obtained.

 The results showed the direct, positive, and significant effect of perception of organizational policy and organizational silence (ß=1.40) and professional ethics (ß=16.01). Organizational culture has a direct, negative and significant effect on organizational silence (ß=1.37). Perception of organizational politics with the mediating role of professional ethics on organizational silence (ß=0.08) and organizational culture with the mediating role of professional ethics on organizational silence (ß=0.07) of faculty members of the University of Gilan.

 This study showed that organizational culture, perception of organizational policy and professional ethics affect the organizational silence of faculty members and in order to defeat the phenomenon of organizational silence along with teaching ways to overcome it, these factors should also be considered.

One of the missions of the Holy Quran is to train the mind in human beings. What is very important in this regard in the Qur'an is, on the one hand, the use of correct thinking and, on the other hand, the guidance of mankind by this inner force. Thought training is a process that teaches a person how to think and use it to achieve the desired result; Leads. In an overview of the appearance of the Qur'an, God has spoken more than 471 times the derivatives of thinking such as insight, opinion, reminder, reasoning, contemplation and 18 times with the word thinking. The present research is based on inferential research method, which is an argument-based method based on the array of theorems, in the form of first and last theorems. In the process of thinking, the Qur'an uses the existing contexts and, by strengthening this power, guides man from the senses to the senses and provides the ground for his perfect movement. By thinking through the method of proof, man certainly receives a single truth and realizes that the whole system of existence needs causes. In this view, every being, by virtue of the appearance and manifestation of truth, becomes a real and related thing to truth. As by the essence of truth, which is absolute bounty, the grace of existence is manifested, and every creature that has enthusiasm maintains its perfections and moves to study for higher perfections.

Growth and development in each organization, accomplished with institutionalizing a culture of organizational change and acceptance this by staff. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the role of personal values and ethical behavior with a commitment to organizational change.

The study method was descriptive- correlation. The statistical population was all of the Azarbaijan Shahid Madani university staffs. Among them, 163 people were selected as a statistical sample. In order to collect datas, personal values, ethical behavior and commitment to organizational change questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by Amos Graphic software through structural equation modeling.

Findings showed that there is a relation between personal values and non- ethical behavior and the commitment to organizational change. The results showed good fit between the saturated models with empirical model.  Mediating role of personal values with relationship between non- ethical behavior and a commitment to organizational change in the path analysis model was confirmed.

Ethical behavior index and its dimensions with personal values have a direct effect on commitment to organizational change. Individuals who do not respect the principles and criteria of organizational ethics have a negative influence on their personal and moral values, and can not be committed to a positive organizational change.

Thinking grounds and thinking power are among the issues that play an important role in the knowledge of teachers. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching interactive thinking model on the tacit knowledge and knowledge creation of primary school teachers. The research was a semi-experimental and pre-test-posttest with control group. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school teachers of district one of Baharestan City in the academic year 2018-2019 with 695 students. 82 of them were selected by multistage random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (41 subjects), (N = 41) and control (n = 41). Data were collected using the standard knowledge of implicit knowledge (2012) and knowledge creation questionnaire (2002). The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed and the reliability of the implicit knowledge and knowledge creation questionnaire was 0.78 and 0.96، respectively. Data analysis was performed in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software. The results of this study showed that interactive thinking education has a significant effect on tacit knowledge and knowledge creation of teachers (P <0.05), and it increases the tacit knowledge and knowledge creation in elementary school teachers, therefore attention to interactive thinking model plays an important role in improving tacit knowledge And has a teacher of teachers.

An important factor in reducing institutional immorality within organizations, is knowledge management and organizational learning that various studies have pointed to these factors somehow. This article aims to explain the role of organizational learning and knowledge management in Staff immorality.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The population of the research was administrative staff of five education in the city of Tabriz. According to Morgan sample size table 207 male and female employees were selected through stratified random sampling ratio of 139 males and 68 females. Questionnaire was used to collect the data from sample, to verify the validity of three questionnaires were used to assess the reliability of the first-order factor analysis Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis) was used.

The results showed that among the components of knowledge management and organizational behavior, and there is a significant negative relationship. The relationship between organizational learning and organizational behavior and leadership culture and employee involvement except the components were negative. Analyses showed that the components and the development of externalizing knowledge and competence, collaborative leadership and organizational structure could predict the organizational misconduct.

The results showed that these three areas have a mutual relationship, so pay attention to this field can be effective in reducing corporate immorality.

The purpose of this study is to identify the effective factors on promoting entrepreneurial culture from experts view at schools and to survey the status- qua of kardanesh (technical & professional schools) from teacher view. The research method in this study is sequential exploratory mixed methods approach it was used by conventional content analysis in the qualitative phase with open and axial coding in analyzing the data. In this level, 14 purposeful selected interviewees pointed to five effective factors on entrepreneurial culture include educational, training, attitudinal, financial and structural factors; the validity of the findings was assured by members checking and peer review methods. In the quantitative level, the answer of 288 teachers was analyzed as partial stratified random sampling with one sample T- test and Friedman test. The results showed that educational, training, attitude in all factors has a satisfactory level, while financial factor is on average level and structural factor is not on a satisfactory level; and the results of Friedman’s test showed that educational factor has the highest rank among effective factors in promoting the entrepreneurial culture at school and the factors including training, attitudinal, financial, and structural being placed in next ranks.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teaching Montessori Method on self –concept and motivation of elementary first-grade students in Tabriz. Information was collected on the basis of semi-experimental pretest-posttest research with control group. The population consists of all elementary first grade male students of Tabriz which were 665 schools in 2015-2016 school years. The sample includes 40 primary school pupils (20 in the experimental group and students 20 in the control group) who were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. To collect data, self-motivation Liu, Wang and Parkyn’s questionnaire was used to assess self-concept and motivation for preschool and elementary school age groups. The Montessori method teaching sessions (40 sessions) were conducted on the experimental group and the control group was exposed to traditional and traditional education. After holding Montessori classes sessions and analyzing data with Covariance method, results showed that teaching Montessori Method has been effective on self-concept and motivation of elementary school students. And this method has been able to boost self-image and increase motivation in male students

The present study intends to structuralist and standardize a critical thinking test. It is a descriptive survey in which the researcher has aimed to provide a valid and reliable test to assess and evaluate the students’ critical thinking. Target population of this study is consisting of all students of Ferdowsi University during the academic year 2011-2012 that are totally 21217 students. Sampling population of the research includes 500 students. Two stages of sampling method have been applied in this study; the first stage has been a clustering sampling method and second one has been a random sampling method. Eight questions have been also discussed in this research and required data has been assembled through two questionnaires. Owing to the fact that the present study aims to plan a new questionnaire to assess the students’ critical thinking, two questionnaires have been applied. The first one was the questionnaire which has been used in California due to assess the validity of the researcher’s questionnaire, and second one was the researcher’s own questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and softwer spss, Bilog have been applied to analyze the research questions. The achieved results indicate that all three kinds of validity are acceptable. Structural and differential validity demonstrate that this questionnaire has the capability of distinguishing between high and low groups of critical thinking on the basis of California’s test. The results of criterion validity show that the researcher’s questionnaire is valid enough and can be substituted for California’s questionnaire. Experimental validity of the test has been calculated 0.96 and internal consistency of the test has been measured based on Kuder-Richardson formula. What has been achieved through the Information function indicate that the designed test possesses goodness of Fit and it is appropriate for the students whose abilities are at the level of ±1.

The present research seeks to answer the following questions: what factors affect the promotion of entrepreneurial culture in second high schools of Tabriz City? What is the entrepreneurial mentality about the factors creating entrepreneurial culture? And what is the significance of each of them? In this regard, the Q-methodology (a mixed-methods of qualitative-quantitative approaches) and exploratory research method were employed; first, to prepare Q items, participants were selected from among the teachers from the second high schools or entrepreneurs who somehow were connected with the schools. It was tried that interviews be conducted with participants who have different and practical ideas and mentalities about the entrepreneurial culture in schools. Reviewing theoretical literature; conducting interviews with eleven entrepreneurs, experts and experts; reviewing bulletins and school publications; and reviewing the documents, films, cartoons, paintings and essays related to the subject, were used to compile Q items. The number of the participants depended on the saturation of Q items. In this research, after the 9th interview, the saturation of Q items were obtained, and the interviews of the tenth and eleventh were also conducted to ensure the validity of the items. Then, in order to sort the Q for second high school teachers in active entrepreneurship in Tabriz, their number was estimated to be around 260 individuals, from among whom 152 individuals were selected via the purposive sampling method. by entrepreneur teachers, this research means those who have been educated in entrepreneurship, teach entrepreneurship, have completed entrepreneurial courses, created new businesses, selected as entrepreneurs, patented their own patents, or worked in knowledge-based companies. In the implementation of the research, the initial data on the participants (entrepreneur teachers) were obtained and recorded. Data such as age, gender, years of service, field of study and education. In response to this question, what are the factors affecting the promotion of entrepreneurship culture in secondary schools in the second theoretical part of Tabriz city?, it should be clarified that 65 factors derived from the evaluation of the discourse space of the research were obtained as follows: assignment-oriented assessment, parent-sponsored partnership with students, launch of the weekend start-up competition in schools, student participation in solving school problems, offering apprenticeships for students in the field of study, team-building training in schools, having a library of new business books, prioritizing funding for research activities in schools, creating centers for growth in schools, familiarizing students with important organizations and institutions of the country such as the labor office, the autonomy and independence of schools in attracting, employing, rewarding and making decisions, school interaction with the social, economic, production and service environment, giving freedom to act in the content of learning and autonomy of students, teaching managers, experts, teachers and students to change and development, the formation of a number of education and entrepreneurship experts for designing systematic schools programs, attractive and creative physical atmosphere of the school, emphasizing educational content on self-esteem, creativity and innovation, the fitting of educational content to the needs of the students day, paying attention to the individual differences of students in the teaching process, crating think tanks in schools, organizing school-based school malls, identifying entrepreneurship opportunities in schools, identifying the threats of entrepreneurship in schools, providing incentive mechanisms for teachers and students, promoting scholarly and exploratory camps in schools, from school ownership, identifying drawbacks and failures of schools with the help of students, offering entrepreneurship courses in all disciplines, providing workshops for students' parents to institutionalize entrepreneurial beliefs, valuing different creativity and thought, students’ freedom in selecting disciplines, private sector support from schools, providing entrepreneurship units at cultural universities, using documentaries, holding exhibitions, festivals, and publishing journals of entrepreneurship in schools, introducing and using different curriculum resources, designing entrepreneurship training courses in high schools, flexibility in schools-inspired rules, research-based propositions, creative and pragmatic curriculum, informing students about out-of-school opportunities, familiarizing students with labor market problems in their city, using active teaching models, using cyberspace and the presentation of teachers' and school staff proposals to promote entrepreneurship, emphasizing the student problem solving process in the teaching process, development and advancement of human resources, recruitment of job and career entrepreneur counselors, the increased risk-taking opportunities for teachers and students, the participation of students in the teaching process Providing student self-taught classes, teaching brain training, developing case studies about successful businesses, emphasizing the self-assessment of managers, teachers and students, using day-training technology, E-learning and web-based learning, accountability and responsibility in schools, participatory management, continuous improvement and continuation of educational content, increasing the collective spirit of managers, teachers and students, emphasizing the quality of teaching, learning methods, teaching-learning activities and processes, monitoring and continuous evaluation of school activities, promoting teamwork culture and networking in schools, paying attention to entrepreneurs' teachers in the promotion and ranking of teachers, increasing facilities and resources available to teachers and students, providing diverse and stimulating entertainment for students, paying attention to personal differences in evaluation of flexible and dynamic structure of schools. After the participants were asked to prioritize Q cards, which were composed of statements, on a scale of -5 to +5, according to their research and beliefs and their current feelings. The subject of the research and the question was prepared in writing with all the conditions, as well as a summary of the stages of the work, and was made available to the contributor. The interval cards with numbers from -5 to +5 on them were arranged on a table for the participants who sort them based on the significance of the items inserted on the Q cards. To create validity in the research, Q items were submitted to a number of expert professors and participants to be reviewed. After collecting their comments and removing ambiguities about statements, Q options were finalized. In order to determine the reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the SPSS statistical software calculated it as 0.89, indicating that the Q sort has the required reliability and reliability. According to research findings, eight different perspectives on the promotion of entrepreneurial culture in schools were obtained. These views indicate that the promotion of entrepreneurial culture in schools is affected by factors such as the creation of entrepreneurial infrastructure, development of practical training, improvement of school resources and facilities, empowerment of human actors, teacher-centered management, acceptance of differences, communication with society and industry, and creative education and curriculum.

The aim of this study was to determine mediating role of organizational ethical climate in the relationship between Organizational justice, Organizational silence and Indifference. The research also aims to evaluate the mediating role of organizational ethical climate among male teachers in Azarshahr city during the year 2016. The research method was descriptive and of the correlational type. The total experimental population was comprised of 480 people, , Sample include of 220 teachers were chosen Stratified. In order to gather information, four questionnaires were used, namely the Organizational Justice Questionnaire by Niehoff and Moorman (1993), the Organizational Indifference Questionnaire by Salariyeh et al (2004), the Organizational Silence Questionnaire by Dimitris (2005, and the Organizational Ethical Climate Questionnaire by Victor and Cullen (1988). To assess the validity of the used tools, the confirmatory factor analysis was used. The collected data were analyzed by the software Spss and Lisrel. The results showed that. SEM analysis results showed that the path analysis to organizational justice organizational silence before and after the removal of the track, respectively, 0.26 and 32/0 is the significant, organizational indifference path analysis to Justice organizational respectively, -0.18, -0.44 path analysis is the organizational ethical climate to predict organizational silence, respectively, 0.66 and 0.66 is significant. Results also showed that organizational ethical climate to predict organizational indifference was non-significant.

The purpose of this research was design and fit a structural model of the relationship between Self-determination job motivation and instructional and disciplinary strategies. The research method was descriptive correlation with test structural equation modeling. The population of this project was involving 4478 elementary, guidance and high school teachers of north towns of Azarbayejan Qarbi, in which 354 teachers (158 Men, 196 Women) were selected with multistep and categorical cluster sampling methods. In order to collect data was used the Bliss (1994) questionnaire of self-determining motivation, and the questionnaire of educational and disciplinary strategies. Data were analyzed by method structural equation and software spss16 and AMOS22. The results showed that the proposed model, a strong theoretical model to predict the use of educational and disciplinary strategies of teachers. Self-determination motivation 0.31 and 0.36 direct effect on disciplinary and educational strategies. Furthermore, regarding the self-determining motivation types and educational and disciplinary strategies between teachers there was no sexual differences.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of innovation climate in the relationship between culture and entrepreneurship skills with entrepreneurial tendency of Mohaghegh Ardabili University faculty members. An applied and descriptive correlational method based on Structural Equations Modeling was chosen for this study. The population of the study consisted of all 364 faculty members at Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Using Morgan and Krejcy tables, a sample of 181 individuals were randomly selected according to the stratified sampling method. The main instrument for collecting data was a standard questionnaire that scholars confirmed its face validity. The reliability of organizational culture questionnaires, entrepreneurship skills, innovation climate and entrepreneurial orientation were 0.827, 0.860, 0.894 and 0.890, respectively. For data analysis, path analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used. The findings of this research indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and entrepreneurial tendency, between entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial tendency, between organizational culture and innovation climate, between entrepreneurial skills and innovation climate and between innovation climate and entrepreneurial tendency. The results are indicating that the innovation climate played a mediating role in the relationship between organizational culture and entrepreneurial tendency. In addition, the results showed that the innovation climate has a mediate role in the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial tendency.

This research was done to examine the factor structure of Blais Self-determination Work Motivation Inventory among primary and secondary first and second teachers of northern cities of west Azarbaijan. The research population consisted of 4478 primary and secondary first and second teachers The research sample was selected by stratified multistage cluster sampling method. Research inventory was Blais Self-determination Work Motivation Inventory(1994). Confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha reliability was sused to anlyze the data. The results of confirmatory factor analysis, indicated that the six-factor model reached an acceptable fit to the data (p≤0/001). The amount 0/85 for Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the questionnaire is reliable.