chnour mohammadi

Urban services as a tool for urban development management and the main factor of the continuation of urban life, without which the life of citizens will cease to function. The fair distribution of services can lead the city to sustainable development on the one hand and on the other hand it can bring a kind of balance in population distribution. The main goal of this research is to evaluate urban service indicators in the eight areas of Kermanshah metropolis that the collection of information and data has been done in the form of library and documents and using the MEREC method the eight indicators used in the research were weighted and the measurement and ranking of the areas was done using the CoCoSo model. The results of data analysis with the Cocoso model show; K score (represents the sum of the geometric mean and the arithmetic mean of three strategies Ka, Kb and Kc) whichever option is larger indicates the superiority of that option. So that area eight with the highest score of 2.82 is in the first place, area one with a score of 2.59 is in the second place, area four with a score of 2.52 is in the third place, area two with a score of 47.2 in fourth place, area six with a score of 2.33 is in the fifth place, area seven with a score of 2.03 is in the sixth place, area three with a score of 1.45 in the seventh place and finally area five with the lowest score of 1.43 has been ranked eighth.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the status of social capital indicators from the perspective of citizens in the fourth district of Ardabil. The present research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population is residents over 15 years old in the four cities of Ardabil; Using Cochran's formula, 385 people were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that includes four indicators; Social trust, social participation, social cohesion and social network and the degree of reliability obtained using Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 indicates the good reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS software (one-sample t-test, Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests) was used to analyze the data. Innovation of the present study is the use of three statistical tests to determine the status of social capital; In the whole region, it is four and according to the indicators in the neighborhoods of region four. The results of comparing the average of social capital indicators from the citizens 'point of view in region four show that the status of social capital indicators is somewhat favorable and somewhat higher than the average, and that the ranking of indicators from the citizens' point of view is It means that citizens have different rankings of social capital indicators. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test also show; Neighborhoods in all indicators of social capital have a significant difference at the alpha level of 0.05 percent.

The expansion of the urban population to more than two-thirds of the world's population by 2050 on the one hand and the prediction of the growth of the risk of natural hazards in the future, on the other hand, necessitate the attention of managers, planners, and urban policy makers to the issue of greater resilience of societies in the face of natural hazard. The aim of this research was to analyze the spatial resilience of urban areas against earthquakes in Kermanshah. This study used a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population consisted of the citizens of Kermanshah city, 385 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. For analyzing the data, one-sample t-test, Friedman, Kruskal Wallis, and CV method were used. The findings showed that the resilience of Kermanshah city in all indicators (awareness, knowledge, skills, attitude and social capital) is average. The attitude index is the most important regarding resilience and awareness, social capital, knowledge, and skill are respectively in the next ranks. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is a significant difference between the eight regions in Kermanshah metropolis in terms of all resilience indicators and that the status of the eight regions are not at the same level. Among the indicators, the highest inequality is related to the awareness index and the lowest is related to the social capital index. In general, the spatial analysis of resilience in Kermanshah city is average and there are differences between regions.

Humanity today with all the scientific advances, has not been very successful in controlling natural hazards. The concept of resilience brings the evolution of risk management in the current decade. Resilience is proposed as a way to strengthen societies by using their capacities. The main goal of this research is to measure and evaluate the economic resilience of the Neighborhoods of the three region of Ardabil city against the risk of earthquake. The research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. The method of collecting data and information in the form of a library and a questionnaire that includes three indicators of economic resilience, the severity (amount) of damages, the capacity or ability to compensate for damages and the ability to return to suitable conditions. MEREC method was used to determine the weight of the indicators and CoCoSo method was used to measure and evaluate the resilience of the neighborhoods. The calculation of three strategies (Ka), (Kb) and (Kc) shows; in all three mentioned strategies, neighborhood six has the highest score and neighborhood eight has the lowest score. The amount (K) and the ranking of the ten neighborhoods shows, neighborhood six with a score of 2.87, neighborhood two with a score of 2.80, neighborhood seven with a score of 2.65, neighborhood ten with a score of 2.60, neighborhood Four with a score of 2.46, neighborhood one with a score of 2.23, neighborhood nine with a score of 2/11, neighborhood three with a score of 1.92, neighborhood five with a score of 1.76 and finally neighborhood eight With a score of 1.15, they are ranked first to tenth respectively. Overall, the results show that there is a difference between ten neighborhoods in terms of economic resilience.

Today, studies of quality of life have mainly focused on the urban environment, and the quality of urban life and its study is of great necessity and importance. Urban areas are always faced with important issues such as social deprivation, unemployment, housing shortages, insecurity, etc., severely affecting the quality of urban life. Irregular physical growth of cities, changes in the socio-economic structure, traffic and pollution, quality of housing, the existence of parallel organizations in the management of urban centers, and the lack or improper distribution of recreational spaces have caused a decline in the quality of life in urban centers. Today, with the expansion of cities and increasing inequalities, studies of quality of life have become an important tool for planning and managing cities. For urban planners, managers, and policymakers, especially cities that shape the quality of life, the core of the planning process and policy decisions, Studying the quality of life is very important. Through identifying problem areas, discovering the causes of citizens’ dissatisfaction, social, economic, and environmental factors affecting the quality of life, citizens’ priorities in life, and monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of urban policies and strategies, these studies have made a significant contribution to the development of urban strategies and policies. Considering the importance of the issue of quality of life, the main goal of this research is to investigate the status of quality of life indicators using the structural equation model in Sarpol-Zahab city.

The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population is the citizens of Sarpol-e Zahab city. According to the size of the population (N = 45481), 381 of these people were calculated using Cochran's formula and distributed by simple random sampling. The quality of urban life tool developed by Ebrahimzadeh asmin and Karbakhsh (2017) was used to collect information. This questionnaire consists of 29 questions and 5 components that were used to analyze the data using SPSS 25 software (Cronbach's alpha) and LISREL 8.8 (structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis).Sarpol-e Zahab city is one of the western cities of Kermanshah province. Sarpol-e Zahab city is located 177 km west of Kermanshah and its average altitude is 550 meters above sea level and is located at 45 degrees and 52 minutes east longitude and 34 degrees and 28 minutes north latitude and is the center of Sarpol-e Zahab city. According to the 2016 census, the city of Sarpol-e Zahab has a population of 45,481.

In first-order confirmatory factor analysis models, the scores of each item in a variable reflect the status of that item in a more underlying factor that cannot be measured directly because it is hidden. Chi-square ( (, index chi-square to freedom)df (, comparative fit index (CFI), relative fit index (RFI), non-normalized fit index (NNFI), square root error Mean approximation (RMSEA) were exerted to estimate the model. Regarding CFI, RFI, and NFI indices, some researchers believe that the minimum acceptable value is 0.90, and values above 0.95 indicate excellent model fit. Also, for the RMSEA index, a value less than 080 indicates a good fit for the model. According to the findings, the significance of T-statistic related to each of the questions of the Urban Quality of Life Scale is higher, with a significance level of error is 1.96, and the relationship between structures is meaningful and confirmed.

The results show that in the environmental dimension, the most important factors are the feeling of calm (lack of noise pollution (visual, visual, etc.) and satisfaction with the level of clean air. In the social dimension, satisfaction with the sense of happiness and vitality in the place of residence and the level of interest are the most factors. In the economic dimension, the tendency to continue living if income increases and satisfaction with living costs (water, electricity, gas, telephone, and housing costs) have the most factor. In the physical dimension, satisfaction with the conditions of the residential unit (size, number of rooms, necessary equipment, etc.) and satisfaction with the quality of streets and pedestrian crossings (quality of coverage, width of passages, night lighting, etc.) and the highest factor load. Finally, in terms of urban management, they are satisfied with the services provided by the municipality (timely collection of garbage, sewage and construction waste and the highest factor.

Applying strategies of creative cities is one of the ways forward for many cities today. Cities that are facing problems in social, economic, cultural and environmental dimensions can moderate such issues by prioritizing creative elements in different fields. creative city is not only a space where creativity grows, but also its organization and management are planned creatively. In the current research, the assessment and prioritization of the five areas of Ardabil city based on the indicators of the creative city have been discussed. The collection of data and information is in the form of library and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research is the five regions of Ardabil city, where 385 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random method. A method called MEREC has been used to weight the indicators, and the WASPAS model has been used to measure and prioritize regions. The results based on all indicators show that region one with a value of 0.539 and a good condition is in the first place, region two with a value of 0.537 and a good condition is in the second place, region three with a value of 0.465 and the condition The average is in the third place, region four with a value of 0.436 and the average condition is in the fourth place and region five with a value of 0.425 and the average condition is in the last place.

Social resilience is a process that which links a network of adaptive capacities to adaptation after a disturbance or incompatibility and specifically, it is an abstract phenomenon that does not exist physically. The main goal of the research is to prioritize Prioritization Neighborhoods of the three region of Ardabil based on social resilience against earthquak e which 385 were selected as a statistical sample. The required data and information have been collected using library sources as well as field investigations (questionnaire). The reliability rate is 0.816 which indicates its good reliability. The MEREC method has been used to weight the indicators and the CODAS method has been used to rank neighborhoods based on social resilience. The ranking status of the districts of the third region shows; neighborhood two in the first rank, neighborhood seven in the second rank, neighborhood six in the third rank, neighborhood three in the fourth rank, neighborhood ten in the fifth rank, neighborhood nine in the sixth rank, neighborhood four in the seventh rank, neighborhood one in the eighth rank, neighborhood Eight is in the ninth rank, and finally the Panj neighborhood is in the last rank.

The variety of dimensions and complexities of the tourism industry according to the geographical regions require special fields for tourism planning and management. Rural tourism is actually a part of the tourism market, which can beconsidered an important tool for the economic-social and ecological development of rural communities. The development ofruraltourismcan play an important role in revitalizing thevillages, creating employment and income for the villagers, and ultimately the development of the country in general and rural development in particular. The aim of the present research is to analyze the role of tourism on the development of tourism target villages in Paveh city. The nature of the research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the method. The statistical sample of the research is 320 heads of households in five villages targeted for tourism inPaveh city, including; It isShamshir, Darian, Khanqah, Deshe and Hajij. The method of distribution of the questionnaire among heads of households issimple and random. SPSS softwarewas used for data analysis. The results show that tourism has been able to have a good level of influence on income and employment in the development of the village, and has had a medium level of influence on cultural changes physical-spatial changes and social interactions, However in the environmental index, household heads have evaluated the impact of tourism development as negative and less thanthe numerical desirability. The prioritizationof the most effective indicators in the impact of tourism on the development of tourism target villages in Paveh city shows;The indexof income andemployment is the most important. The index of cultural changes is in the second rank, theindex of physical-spatial changes is in the third rank, the index of social interactions is in thefourthrank of importance and finally the environmental index is in the last and least important rank.

Creative tourism, a form of cultural tourism, has the potential to foster economic, social, and cultural development in tourist destinations. The objective of this research is to elucidate the status of creative tourism and its impact on the economic development of Paveh city. The necessary data were collected through a questionnaire, and the analysis was done using one-sample t-test, Friedman test, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. The results of the one-sample t-test revealed that the significance level for all five indicators is lower than the 5% error threshold, indicating that the average score for all five creative tourism indicators in Paveh city exceeds 3. Additionally, Friedman’s test for ranking the indicators demonstrated a significant difference among creative tourism indicators, signifying varying degrees of importance among them. Pearson’s correlation coefficients indicated a significant and positive relationship between creative tourism and economic development indicators. Furthermore, the investigation into the impact of creative tourism on the economic development of Paveh city, using the regression coefficient, revealed a strong correlation (R=0.622) between the extent of creative tourism and economic development. With a t-value of 9.862 and a significance level of 0.000, it can be concluded that creative tourism, with a beta coefficient of 0.622, has a notable impact on the economic development of Paveh city.

Today, education is recognized as a key factor in the process of comprehensive growth and development of societies It is the basis of development as a whole. Expanding and improving educationcan help reduce inequality in society and accelerate the development process.The purpose of the research is to explain the educational development in the cities of Kurdistan province. The present research is applied and its implementation method isanalytical-descriptive.The statistical population is the cities of Kurdistan province. According to the purpose of studying the educational development of Kurdistan province, 20educational indicators including entropy model for weighting, scattering coefficient to determine the scattering of indices, two models SAW and SAR and a combined method for leveling and determining the extent of enjoyment Cities were used. Due to the fact that in the research, two models were used to level the cities and because the rank of some cities was variable, the combined method was used to Merge the results. The results show that 40% of the cities are Relatively enjoyed (Sarvabad, Bijar, Qorveh and Dehgolan), 50% are Half enjoyed (Kamyaran, Divandere, Marivan, Sanandaj and Saqez) and Baneh is Relatively deprived These results indicate inequalityamong cities in having an educational index. Among the 20 research indicators, the highest differences and inequalities were related to the ratio of staff to students in primary school and the ratio of educational facilities to students in junior high school, respectively, and the lowest were related to the ratio of those admitted to junior high school, respectively. The total number of junior high school students and the ratio of those admitted to the junior high school to the total number of junior high school students is According to the results, it was found that there is inequality between the cities of the province in having indicators of educational development.

Happiness is the foundation of many issues and the driving force of societyThat is why all countries try to provide all the necessary elements for happiness if they can not At least take initiatives to lead society to live happily, Actions that can affect the economic, cultural, social and political development of any society.Accordingly, in the present study, we have tried to explain the indicators of a happy city from the perspective of the citizens of Ardabil. The statistical population of the study is citizens over 15 years old in Ardabil in 1400. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 385 people and the sample was selected using stratified sampling method. Also. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and CODAS methodThe results of CODAS model indicate that different regions of Ardabil do not have the same indicators of a happy city and from this perspective, there are obvious differences between regions. These differences are such that region two with a score of 0.0063 of the total The studied indices are in the first rank, region one with a score of 0.0061 in the second rank, region three with a score of -0.0017 in the third rank, region four with a score of -0.0044 in the fourth rank and finally region five with a score of -0.0064 is in the last rank.

Cities are complex and interdependent systems that are vulnerable to threats caused by natural and human disasters (Zarghami et al., 2016: 78). At the beginning of the 21st century, the world witnessed great natural and unnatural disasters (Sheikh Darani, 2017: 10). Geographically, Iran is one of the ten most prone and vulnerable countries to natural disasters in the world (Mohammadifar et al., 2020: 178) and it is the sixth earthquake-prone country in the world. It is the cause of the most human casualties and the seismic belt covers 90% of our country's soil (Negaresh, 2014: 93). Natural disasters in the world have always been considered as a big challenge in the way of sustainable development, and as a result, ways to achieve this development through models of vulnerability reduction have become necessary. Therefore, reducing the risk of accidents is of particular importance (Rezaei, 2009: 4). With the passage of time, in many countries of the world, the approach of resilience in the planning hierarchy of crisis management, including the regional scale, has received more attention (Brenner, 2004: 173). However, the reduction of vulnerability and risk is often neglected until after an accident -)Ainuddin & Routray, 2012: 27). Creating a resilient city against natural disasters is done in three stages, before the disaster, response to the disaster during the disaster and after the disaster (Karlinsky& Sarah, 2010: 6(, therefore, analysis and reduction of exposure. Being exposed to natural hazards today has become an important and widespread goal in crisis planning and management (Bazdar et al., 2019: 198) The city of Kermanshah is located between the high and folded Zagros and is surrounded by the northern and southern faults (Negaresh, 2014: 99). If the growth and development of cities takes place without any planning and there is no plan to reduce vulnerability and increase people's abilities to face the risks caused by natural disasters, many cities will be exposed to serious damage from These disasters will be placed. Therefore, it is necessary to plan in order to increase urban resilience (Kalantari et al., 2021: 230). The main goal of this research is to evaluate the social resilience components of the city against earthquakes in Kermanshah metropolis and provide effective solutions in this field. The ranking status of the regions of Kermanshah according to four indicators; What is awareness and knowledge, skill, attitude and social capital?

The present research method is of applied type and in terms of descriptive-survey method. The statistical population is the citizens of Kermanshah city, 385 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. To collect information from a questionnaire containing questions about social resilience indicators; It includes four indicators, awareness and knowledge, skill, attitude and social capital (questionnaire used by Dr. Rezaei 2010) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.79, which indicates the good reliability of the questionnaire. In this research, Mabak model was used to analyze the data and ArcGIS software was used to display the output results as a map.

With the passage of time, in many countries of the world, the approach of resilience in the hierarchy of crisis management planning, including the regional scale, has received more attention. The city of Kermanshah due to being located on the path of faults, needs attention in the discussion about resilience. The main goal of this research is to evaluate the components of social resilience of the city against earthquakes in Kermanshah metropolis, and according to the goal, to answer the question of ranking the regions of Kermanshah city according to four indicators; It is awareness and knowledge, skill, attitude and social capital. The current research is of applied type and in terms of descriptive-survey method. The Mabak model was used to analyze the data. In response to the question; The ranking status of the regions of Kermanshah according to four indicators; What is awareness and knowledge, skill, attitude and social capital? The results of the Mabak model in the awareness and knowledge index show that region seven ranks first, region five ranks second, region one ranks third, region eight ranks fourth, region six ranks fifth, region four ranks sixth, region Three are in the seventh place and region two is in the eighth place. In the skill index, it shows that region eight ranks first, region seven ranks second, region one ranks third, regions two and six rank fourth, region three ranks fifth, region five ranks sixth, region four ranks They are ranked seventh. In the attitude index, it shows that the fourth region ranks first, the eighth region ranks second, the seventh region ranks third, region six ranks fourth, region three ranks fifth, region one ranks sixth, region five ranks seventh and Region two is ranked eighth. In the social capital index, it shows that region three ranks first, region six ranks second, region seven ranks third, region two ranks fourth, regions four and eight rank fifth, region five ranks sixth, and region one ranks They are ranked seventh. generally; Natural disasters in the world have always been considered as a big challenge in the way of sustainable development, and as a result, ways to achieve this development through models of vulnerability reduction have become necessary. Therefore, reducing the risk of accidents is of particular importance. If this growth and development of cities takes place without any planning and there is no plan to reduce vulnerability and increase people's abilities to face the risks caused by natural disasters, according to the results of the research, the following solutions It is suggested:- Encouraging residents to participate in earthquake awareness training courses
- Implementation of earthquake crisis management plans at the neighborhood level
- Creation of neighborhood aid groups
- Teaching reactions and how to behave properly during an earthquake
- Teaching safety methods against earthquakes
- Encouraging residents to participate in neighborhood affairs
- Increasing people's knowledge about earthquake risk
- Creating a sense of trust among citizens
- Creating a suitable environment for more interaction of citizens
- Holding crisis management course classes.

Tourist attractions play a decisive role in the potential position of tourism in each region. Countless factors play a role in the development of tourism, and the relationship and interaction between them shapes the development of tourism. The stratification of tourist destinations is used as a strategy to reduce regional and territorial imbalances. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the cities of Ilam province in terms of tourism development indicators. The research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Its community is the cities of Ilam province. The required data was collected from the statistical yearbook of Ilam province and the data was analyzed using the SAW model. The results show that Malekshahi city is the only relatively efficient city with a rate of 0.70 and in the first place. the cities of Mehran, Darehshahr, Chardavel, Dehloran, Sirvan, Ilam, Abdanan and Ivan are semi-productive and respectively in The The second to ninth ranks and the city of Badra are deprived with a rate of 0.21 and are in the last rank.

For the successful development of tourism, the existence of appropriate infrastructure is necessary, especially for less developed countries and regions that often have limited infrastructure, its existence and expansion is considered a vital factor. Due to its favorable climatic and environmental conditions, Kurdistan has been considered as one of the human settlements since prehistoric times and the results of scientific archaeological excavations in ancient places indicate this. In Kurdistan, about 1,234 ancient works have been identified, of which 500 works have been registered in the list of national works. In addition to historical attractions, Kurdistan has a unique ability in terms of shopping tourism, ecotourism and cultural and folkloric features. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the infrastructures of tourism development in Kurdistan province. In order to collect the required information, documentary and library methods (Iran Statistical Center and Statistical Yearbook of Kurdistan Province) have also been used, as well as ARAS technique for data analysis. The results show that only two cities, Bijar and Qorveh, are privileged, and the rest of the cities (Dehgolan, Sarvabad, Baneh, Diwandre, Kamiyaran, Sanandaj, Saqez and Marivan) are relatively privileged.

The alarming and increasing trend of factors threatening the health of citizens; City and health planners propose a relatively new term called health planning, in which they seek to connect the urban environment and landscape with the physical and mental health of city dwellers and make their decisions regarding some basic issues such as health. strengthen urban ecology, social welfare and improve the quality of human life. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the state of the environment and the urban landscape and its relationship with the mental health of the citizens of Paveh. The research is of applied type and in terms of descriptive analytical method. The statistical population is the citizens of Paveh city 380 people were selected as a statistical sample using Cochran's formula. In order to collect information a questionnaire containing questions about the About the environment and urban landscape and mental health of citizens has been used. To analyze the questionnaire, t-test, Friedman, Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The results show that in the indicators of environment, security, communication and transportation network, housing, commercial and cultural, design and furniture, people's participation and education; The average is average and slightly higher than the average value of 3 But in the economic index, the average is lower than the average and the situation is not good. The results of the Friedman test showed that the indicators have different importance and the environmental index was the most important. Also, the results of Pearson's correlation coefficient between the examined components related to the environment and urban landscape and mental health of citizens showed that there is a significant relationship between them. Examining the degree of correlation also shows that this relationship is direct.

Many cities around the world today face many challenges in different urban areas, including job cuts, innovative projects, the expansion of management issues, and partnerships. Factors that have already been formed with the development of cities, transportation, proximity to raw materials are less important. New problems and dilemmas are now on the agenda of cities, which is partly the result of the disappearance of old rhythms abandoned by life and work based on factory and office. But the competition that exists or will exist in the era of globalization between cities is in attracting experts (Hosseini et al., 2016: 210). In fact, the city should be an attractive environment to attract and strengthen talents, innovations and creative ideas, and the creativity of special people such as artists, scientists, writers, ordinary citizens and even dissidents to solve basic problems. The purpose is to use the existence and planning of creative development (Mafi et al., 2018: 34). There is no doubt that a successful urban environment is one that nurtures and attracts talent. A city producing research that is able to add new parts to the economic, cultural and social dimensions of urban management and thus create new opportunities for cities at the national and transnational levels (Nairi, 2017: 13(.Creative areas in urban places play an important role in increasing urban creativity. Places that show the cultural symbols of the city. Maintaining cultural, social, religious and national beliefs as a strong pillar for the development of creative thinking among the city's residents is vital in order to raise the culture of citizenship and the sustainability of urban places. Knowledge of creative city and creative region for city managers, city planners and planners causes their correct and better understanding of city and region, good analysis and providing appropriate solutions to the problems of city and region. Creative cities and regions can be identified by studying the concepts, elements, indicators and strategies of the city and the creative region. By knowing the creative cities and regions, we can have the right plans for the growth and development of the city and region (Zabihidan, 2019 : 105). The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of creativity indicators in the cities of Kermanshah province. And in order to achieve the goals seeks to find answers to the following questions:1. How are the cities of Kermanshah province in terms of creativity indicators compared to each other? 2. What are the most enjoyable and Low enjoyment cities of the province? 3. Which model is a better way to determine the status of cities?

The present study is applied in terms of purpose. It is also based on the method of work and descriptive-analytical nature. Its statistical population is 14 cities of Kermanshah province. In this research, by using the library method and referring to the documents related to the subject of creativity, the theoretical foundations, literature and scope of the study have been investigated and in order to check the status of creativity indicators, 42 indicators were studied and selected to achieve the desired goal To analyze the information and answer the research questions, multi-criteria decision models (WASPAS SAR and SAW) and the integration method and the percentage of changes have been used to determine which model is better for examining the status of creativity indicators ArcGIS software is also used to display the output results as a map.

The positive results of creative development in different cities of the world show the appropriate effectiveness of this new development approach in these cities .In fact, the concept of creative city can be considered as an alternative approach to revitalizing the city and alternative thinking to look at the city. Some say the economy may be important, while others say social welfare is important. But we need to know that the focal point of a creative city is culture, education, atmosphere or creative space. In response to the question, what is the level of creativity of the cities of Kermanshah province in terms of creativity indicators? After the amount of each city was obtained in three models, WASPAS SAR and SAW, they were merged together and an average was obtained for each city, which ranked the cities according to the results of the integration method and their level of enjoyment. Characterized. According to the results of the city, Qasrshirin, Dalahou, Paveh, Harsin, Kermanshah, Islamabad Gharb, Ravansar, Kangavar and Songhor are half-enjoyed and five cities are Sahneh, Gilan-e-Gharb, Sarpol-e-Zahab, Thalas-e-Babajani and Javanrood Low enjoyment.In response to the question, which are the richest and least privileged cities of the province? The results show that there is no prosperous city at all and the most prosperous city is Qasr Shirin with a rate of 0.497 which is in the first rank and the least privileged city is Javanrood with a rate of 0.157 which is in the last rank .Finally, in answer to the question, which model is the better way to determine the status of cities? The SAW model had the lowest change with 9.5% and the WASPAS and SAR models had the highest change with 11.9%. These results show that the SAW model is a better method than other models (SAR and WASPAS) to evaluate the status of cities because the results of this model have a lower percentage and intensity of change. At the end, suggestions for improving the situation of creativity indicators in the city of the province are presented:-Increasing activities related to local arts, creating spaces to increase citizen participation, holding local celebrations and ceremonies in the cities of the province according to their abilities- Supporting handicrafts and indigenous arts, providing appropriate conditions for activities related to urban creativity, focusing on the concept of artistic and cultural creativity in many other areas, including employment, industry, education and ... Utilizing the experiences of cities around the world in the field of creativity, providing and equipping cultural infrastructures, such as cinemas, libraries, theaters, cinemas, etc., training specialists in various fields

The increase in urban population due to their unsustainable development as well as the irregular growth of cities and their unsupervised expansion will increase the exposure to natural hazards (Atrachali, 2016: 2). Natural disasters, which are a part of human life and their number and variety are increasing day by day, pose a great challenge to the sustainable development of human societies (Adger and Hodbod, 2014: 91). Earthquake is a natural phenomenon and cannot be predicted (Kahandawa et al, 2018: 2) and is one of the most catastrophic and destructive types of natural hazards. It has been discussed for a long time, especially in developing countries (‌Dong &Shan, 2013: 85). Earthquakes have affected human life for a long time due to the existence of complex connections in cities (Falahi and Jalali, 2013: 6), the crisis risk index of the United Nations Development Program in 2004 shows that From Armenia, Iran has the highest level of earthquake vulnerability among countries in the world, and 31 out of every 40 types of natural disasters have occurred in Iran (Rezaei et al., 2015: 610). In most parts of Iran, seismic activity is directly related to the activity of faults, and most seismicity has occurred along active faults, and most of the known seismic faults in Iran are along their It is more than 40 km and all of them are accompanied by devastating earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 7 on the Richter scale (Azadikhah, 2009: 193). At the global level, there have been significant changes in the attitude towards risk (Ziyari, 2018: 98). Much emphasis has been placed on resilience instead of vulnerability (Mayunga, 2007: 4). Resilience has been studied around the world in various societies prone to traumatic events, including earthquakes ( Kara ırmak, 2010: 19). There is a possibility of an earthquake, especially when the conditions for its occurrence exist, including the existence of various faults, the presence of several faults in Kermanshah and its surroundings indicates the risk of an earthquake, the inadequate access to some areas of the city, the post-earthquake relief operation faces a problem that if no action is taken to manage the earthquake crisis, this can lead to a human disaster (Kamrizadeh, 2016: 4). Considering that it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of an earthquake or the time of its occurrence cannot be predicted, but it is possible to provide solutions to deal with or reduce its vulnerability, these solutions increase initiatives and ideas. will be done against the city's resilience and resilience against earthquakes, so achieving the resilience and resilience of cities and citizens against the risk of earthquakes is one of the main goals. which should be taken into account in urban management, urban development plans, etc. This research deals with an analysis of the vulnerability of Kermanshah city to the risk of earthquakes with emphasis on the resilience approach.

Based on the purpose, the current research is part of applied research and based on the working method and nature, it is placed in the framework of descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population is the residents of Kermanshah city over 15 years old, and Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, and 385 people were selected as a statistical sample. The classification method has also been used to select the sample in the regions. Documentary methods and library studies were used to formulate the theoretical foundations of the research and to collect information from the questionnaire, which was used by Dr. Rezaei and Dr. Eshghi Chahar Borj). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.80, which indicates the good reliability of the questionnaire. One-sample T-tests, Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data.

Earthquake is a natural phenomenon and cannot be predicted and is one of the most catastrophic and destructive types of natural hazards. The existence of several faults in Kermanshah and its surroundings indicates the risk of earthquakes. Achieving the resilience and resilience of cities and citizens against the risk of earthquakes is one of the main goals. which should be considered in urban management, urban development plans, etc. This research deals with an analysis of the vulnerability of Kermanshah city against the risk of earthquakes with an emphasis on the resilience approach. 385 people were selected as a statistical sample. In order to collect information, a questionnaire (including three indicators of institutional background, institutional relations and institutional performance) was used. For data analysis, the collected data (Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman and TT sample tests) were used. To investigate the status of institutional indicators and ranking of the eight regions of Kermanshah city by components and whether there is a significant difference in the availability of components or not; Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The results show that there is a significant difference in thirteen components and there is no significant difference in five components. Friedman's test was used to rank the components of the institutional resilience index from the point of view of citizens. According to the results obtained from it; How much is the component index of your adherence to legal guidelines in order to prevent accidents caused by earthquakes during construction? How satisfied are you with the performance of the government and local institutions of the council and municipality in relation to the provision of educational services (brochures, brochures, etc.) regarding the safe use of household and workshop equipment? Also, in order to compare the average state of institutional resilience in Kermanshah city, a sample t-tech test was used, the results show. The two indicators of institutional base and institutional performance have an average higher than average and their significance level is less than 0.05. Also, the index of institutional relations is lower than the average level and its significance level is less than 0.05.

Earthquakes have always been one of the most dangerous and important natural hazards that always threaten cities. The consequences of earthquakes affect the society both in terms of frequency and damages. Community resilience provides a conceptual framework for measuring the ability of society to deal with changes and emergency situations. The main goal of this research is to analyze the state of institutional resilience of Kermanshah metropolis against earthquake risk. The statistical population is the residents of Kermanshah city, and to determine the sample size, 385 people were determined based on Cochran's formula, and the sample was selected using the stratified sampling method. Also, the documentary method and library studies have been used to compile theoretical foundations and viewpoints and a questionnaire to collect data related to the institutional resilience of Kermanshah city. GIS, SPSS, CODAS model and CV method have been used for experimenting and analyzing data and information. results show, There is a significant difference in all components at the 0.95 level and in some componentsThe average is higher than the average value of three and in some components it is lower than the average value of three. Also, the results of the Cudas model show; Regions eight and seven in the first and second ranks and in relatively good condition; Regions one and four in the third and fourth levels and in the middle status and regions; 2, 3, 6 and 5 are ranked 5th to 8th respectively and are in poor condition and the biggest difference and inequality is related to the component of how much government and local institutions (council and municipality) have planned to prevent the consequences and damages caused by the earthquake.

Spatial inequality can be seen as the unequal distribution of opportunities and social positions in space. The obvious form of which is regional inequality, it has different manifestations in every society. Its visible forms in developing countries are: inequality between cities and villages, inequality between big and small cities, geographical inequality within big cities, inequality between disadvantaged and privileged areas, etc. Various forms of spatial inequality, the inequality between the city and the countryside in developing countries has a special prominence (Chalbi, 2012: 201(.Usually, stratification and social inequality are seen more in urban areas than in rural areas ( ‌‌Chen & Sun, 2006 : 521) If imbalance and inequality at the regional level reflect discrimination or injustice, then regional differences can be considered a threat (Stewart, 2002: 10). Spatial heterogeneity in the form of lack and poverty in the way of living, health care, suitable school, job opportunities, food, transportation, education, suitable housing, security, information and indicators of having piped water services. , gas, electricity, etc( Hall & Ulrich, 2000: 14). The existence of inequality and its various dimensions are important signs of underdevelopment; Because in fact, developed countries are known that in addition to having high economic and social indicators, the distribution of income and facilities in those societies is almost fair, but in underdeveloped countries, both the values of these indicators are low and the distribution It is very unfair (Moslinejad, 2005: 56). The major parts of the pillars of development are services related to the population, communication access, health and hygiene, education, housing and urban parks and green spaces, and the concept of living with these materials is fulfilled; Therefore, the distribution of facilities and services is clarified by comparing different planning indicators in different regions (Shivaei and Zarrabi, 2018: 121). It is very important to pay attention to the development and spatial inequality in Kurdistan province and to prepare appropriate planning and policies in this field in this province; Kurdistan province with abundant natural resources, climate diversity, abundant labor force, the ability to produce various agricultural products specific to the climatic conditions of this province (Amanolapour, 2016: 5), as one of the developing provinces. Niafeth has many differences and contrasts in terms of having different development indicators (Bahrami, 2015: 40). The purpose of the current research is to analyze the spatial distribution of development in the cities of Kurdistan province. In order to achieve the goals of the research, the following questions and assumptions are raised:- Is there a difference between the cities of Kurdistan province in terms of development? Is there a correlation between the distance from the provincial capital and the rate of urbanization with the status of the cities?

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research is ten cities of Kurdistan province, which was used to collect information from the descriptive part of documents and library studies related to the subject and to collect data from the statistical yearbook of Kurdistan province. In order to achieve the desired goals, 60 variables have been selected in five health, educational, cultural-social, infrastructure and educational sectors. The Shannon entropy technique was used to determine the importance coefficient of the indicators and the WASPAS model was used to determine the extent of the Kurdistan province's cities, to check The relationship between the distance from the center of the province and the urbanization rate with the status of the cities has been analyzed using Pearson's correlation test in SPSS and Arc GIS software for drawing maps. 5 indicators and 60 variables have been used for analysis and investigation in this research.

It is very important to pay attention to the development and spatial inequality in Kurdistan province and to prepare appropriate planning and policies in this field in this province; Nevertheless, Kurdistan province with abundant natural resources, climate diversity, abundant labor force, the ability to produce various agricultural products specific to the climatic conditions of this province, as one of the undeveloped provinces in terms of having various indicators. Development has many differences and explanations. The aim of the current research is to analyze the spatial distribution of development in the cities of Kurdistan province. In order to achieve the desired goals, 60 variables have been selected in the health, educational, cultural-social, infrastructure and educational sectors. In order to achieve the desired goals, 60 variables in the health, educational, cultural-social, infrastructure and educational sectors were selected from Shannon's entropy technique in order to determine the importance coefficient of the indicators and in order to determine the extent to which the cities of Kurdistan province have the model. Shannon's entropy technique has been used to determine the coefficient of importance of the indicators, in order to determine the extent to which the cities of Kurdistan province have the WASPAS model, and to examine the relationship between the distance from the center and the urbanization rate and the status of the cities, Pearson's correlation test has been used. Determining the degree of relative importance of each of the research variables using the Shannon entropy method indicates that the number of employees of active agricultural cooperatives covered by the General Administration of Labor and Social Welfare has the highest weight and the variables of the number of government printing houses and the number of urban post offices have had the least weight among the selected variables. In response to a question, is there a difference between the cities of Kurdistan province in terms of development?‌According to the results of the WASPAS model, the cities of Bijar, Sarvabad, Sanandaj, Kamiyaran, Divandre, Qorveh, Saqez are in the first to seventh and semi-rich ranks respectively, and the three cities of Dehgolan, Marivan, Bane are in the eighth to tenth ranks. And they are deprived.Also, in response to the question, is there a correlation between the distance from the center of the province and the rate of urbanization with the status of the cities?According to the results, it was found that there is no significant correlation between the urbanization rate and the distance from the center with the status of the cities. This results show that there are no rich and relatively rich cities, 0.70% of the cities are semi-rich and 0.30% of the cities are deprived. Other research also shows that inequality is a phenomenon that other provinces and cities are involved with, so that the findings of Zarrabi and Mousavi Noor 2015 Spatial analysis and evaluation of the development indicators of the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces using factor analysis system and cluster technique. Savari et al 2016 measuring and evaluating the levels of spatial deprivation of development infrastructures in Khuzestan, Sadeghi and Zanjariyah provinces 2017 Spatial pattern of development inequality in the 22 regions of Tehran and Karimzadeh and Karimzadeh 2021 Measuring the degree of development and educational deprivation of the cities The provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan are aligned, which show that there is disparity between different regions in terms of indicators. At the end, some solutions are presented to improve the situation of the cities:In the first stage, disadvantaged cities (Bane, Marivan and Dehgolan) should be prioritized for spatial development, paying attention to more important variables in the direction of depriving the regions, fair distribution of services and development opportunities in the cities, expansion of facilities. Proportionate to population density, increasing access to healthcare services.

The role of culture in development issues is one of the axes of attention of experts. Development experts consider culture and life to be inseparable; Because understanding the needs of society requires attention to cultural factors (Sorkh Kamal et al., 2011: 96). Today, achieving comprehensive and sustainable development is the main concern of countries and their governments. Since man is a cultural being, the foundation of true and sustainable development is the achievement of cultural development (Vasosuqi et al., 2012: 82). No development and evolution is desirable and possible without cultural development and evolution (Salehi Amiri, 2007: 75). Cultural development leads to the self-confidence of the society, and flourishes the potential and creative abilities of humans in the cultural context (Habibi, 2015: 23), Iran as a country on the path of development, has a very high diversity of cultural, social, economic and Also, with many financial, natural and environmental opportunities, along with issues such as special and strategic geographical location, unique natural and human opportunities, etc., it demands special attention to the category of development (Bazazzadeh et al., 2014: 80). The necessity and importance of research comes from the fact that cultural spaces are one of the main pillars of cultural development. On the other hand, one of the most important goals of spatial planning, considering the limited resources, is the optimal and balanced distribution of facilities and services between different settlements (Mohammadi and Izadi, 2013: 40), hence the recognition of cultural values and The facilities of the different cities of the provinces and their level of cultural development can lead the officials and workers to adopt new policies to strengthen the cultural foundations and form cultural engineering and planning. to deal with future cultural threats (Meshkini and Ghasemi, 2012: 3-4). The main goal of the current research is the spatial analysis of cultural development in Kermanshah province, which determines the cultural development status of fourteen cities in the province in terms of cultural development indicators, so that by identifying the status of the rich and deprived cities, planning and strategies to improve the situation of the deprived cities provide according to the purpose; The research seeks to answer the question of whether there is a difference between the cities of Kermanshah province in terms of having a cultural index.

The method of this research is based on practical purpose and on the basis of descriptive-analytical nature and it tries to determine the level of prosperity of 14 cities of Kermanshah province by using multi-criteria decision making models. In order to compare and rank them, 24 variables of the cultural sector extracted from the census results of Iran Statistics Center and the statistical yearbook of Kermanshah province were used, and the weight of each criterion was determined using Shannon's entropy method and from the models SAR, ARAS and WASPAS multi-criteria decision-making and the integration of their results with the Kanderst method have been used to determine the level of enjoyment and ranking of the cities of the province. CV method was used to determine which index has the most difference and inequality. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to draw the maps.

According to the results, it was found that the biggest difference in inequality is related to the number of cinemas, the number of cinema halls, the number of cinema seats and the number of cinema spectators with (3.742) and the lowest inequality is related to the number of government printing houses with (0.000). After unscaling the variables and weighting with entropy method, three techniques (SAR, ARAS and WASPAS) have been used to categorize the cities of the province. The findings based on the SAR model show that there is no deprived city.The cities of Qasr Shirin, Paveh and Dalaho are rich, Sahne, Ravansar, Kangavar and Songhor are relatively rich and 50% of the cities (Harsin, Gilangharb, Kermanshah, Kangavar, Islamabad Gharb, Javanrood and Sarpol Zahab) are semi-rich. The stratification of the ARAS technique shows that, like the SAR model, there are no deprived cities, three cities Dalaho, Qasr-Shirin and Paveh are blessed, six cities are Salas-Babajani, Songhor, Gilangharb, Sahne. , Harsin and Ravansar are relatively prosperous and five cities, Sarpol-Zahab, Kangavar, Kermanshah, Islamabad-Gharb and Javanrood are semi-prosperous. In the WASPAS technique, there are no relatively prosperous cities, four cities, Dalaho, Qasr-Shirin, Paveh and Salas-Babajani, respectively, are ranked one to four and semi-efficient, and the rest of the cities are Songor, Sahneh, Gilangharb, Harsin, Ravansar, Sarpol-Zahab, Islamabad-Gharb, Kermanshah, Kangavar and Javanrood are among the deprived cities of the province, although the development coefficient of the cities of the province is not much different. Finally, based on the contrast technique that integrates the results of three models (SAR, ARAS, WASPAS) and provides a single result, According to the results of the Kandrst model, 21.43% of the cities are privileged, 21.43% of the cities are relatively well-off, 28.57%. The percentage of the cities is semi-provided and 28.57 percent of the cities are deprived, which shows that there is inequality in the distribution of cultural indicators at the province level. Kermanshah city, as the capital of the province, ranks first to second and is among the cities with the most benefits, but according to the results obtained from the Kandrst method, it is ranked 10th and in the group of semi-sufficient cities.One of the reasons for this is the high population of this city and the low per capita of each of the mentioned variables in Kermanshah city. Although the facilities and the amount of cultural variables in this city may be more than other cities, but the population of this city is much more than other cities and when it is per capita, it is less per capita than other cities. A city may have a smaller population, but when it is made per capita, it causes more per capita than the cities with a larger population, and when it is leveled and ranked, except for the cities with the status and Better rank.

Elderly people are human beings who face anatomical, physiological, social and economic disabilities with various abilities, this may cause some elderly people to be unable to meet their daily needs. The aim of this study was to design and psychometric the indicators of an elderly friendly city in Kermanshah. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all elderly people in Kermanshah. From this population, a sample of 366 was selected by simple random sampling method and they answered the questionnaire of indicators of elderly friendly city. Pearson correlation coefficient, internal consistency coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and 8.8 Lisrel software. The results of internal osmotic coefficient showed that this scale has good reliability. Confirmatory index of analytical factor model confirmed the 8-factor model of this questionnaire. The results of correlation coefficient showed that the relationship between the indicators of an elderly friendly city is significant. The internal homology of the dimensions of these indices was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for aging indices is in the range of 0.71 to 0.84.The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the indicators of the elderly-friendly city has good reliability and validity in the Iranian population and is a suitable self-assessment scale for clinical and research situations in the elderly population. One of the efforts to improve the quality of life of the elderly is this. Issue a policy through the government to implement a primary health care program for the elderly and optimize value for health systems.

The main goal of this research is to evaluate the dimensions of vitality in the Esfris sidewalk in Ardebil city and to provide effective solutions in order to improve the vitality of the sidewalk. The research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose, the statistical population of which is the citizens who have visited the sidewalk, and because it is uncertain, the sample size estimation formula for the statistical population with an indefinite limit was used, which using Cochran's formula, 385 citizens were selected. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability of which was obtained  using Cronbach's alpha of 0.75, indicating the good reliability of  the questionnaire. 31 components were selected in the four dimensions of use and activity, physical, access and communication, and environment, and in line with the answer to the research problem, from the analysis based on the appropriate statistical tests in the SPSS (1-sample t-test and Friedman) were used. In relation to the innovation of the present research, it can be said that no research has been done on the vitality of the Esfris sidewalk until now. The results show that the average of user and activity, physical, access, communication, and environmental dimensions is significantly higher than the average criterion (No. 3), which indicates a relatively favorable situation and somewhat higher than average. The results of Friedman's test also showed that the ranking of the dimensions is meaningful from the point of view of the citizens, and the citizens have different ratings of the dimensions of the vitality of the sidewalk.

An elderly-friendly city is a city that promotes active aging and includes those urban spaces where the distribution of public services is such that it is most in line with the needs and limitations of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to survey Sari situation in terms of urban space for elderly living with an emphasis on eight indicators namely buildings and open spaces, transportation, housing, social participation, revered elderly and social socialization, Citizen participation and occupation, information, communication, social support, and health services. This study naturally is applied research and methodologically is descriptive-analytical. Data and information collection were done in a library manner and field using a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included all inhabitants of 60 year-ups of the city of Sari sampled using the Cochran formula who were 385 persons selected as statistical sample. To analyze the questionnaire, we used the SPSS software and ran a single-sample t-test. The results indicated that from the perspective of the elderly, the indices of open spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, elderly reverence, social and citizen participation, occupation, information and communication, social support, and health services are not favorable for the elderly, even to the extent of satisfying their basic needs.

Achieving social justice in the distribution of urban services is one of the important goals of urban planners in order to fairly allocate social costs and equalize the use of local capacities for the welfare and social development of citizens. The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of urban public services using health-treatment, cultural-religious services index and urban facilities and equipment in the four districts of Ardabil with the approach of social justice. Data and information collection has been done using documentary, library and field methods. To analyze the data and information, Shannon's entropy technique was used to determine the coefficient of importance and in order to determine the extent of having a 6-ARAS model, Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between population and status. . According to the assessment made with the ARAS model, it was determined that in the health and medical services of region one, the privileged regions are deprived of regions two and three and the fourth region is deprived, in the cultural-religious services of region one, the regions are deprived. And three semi-privileged regions of region two are deprived, in the services of urban facilities and equipment of region one have privileges, regions three and two have semi-privileged and "region four deprived" and in total the service indicators of region one

Attention currently to health at the community level,the appropriate distribution of health facilities and effective use of these facilities is one of the main objectives of the plan will be considered at different levels. The aim of this study was to understand the current situation and determine the level of the city Kurdistan regarding the health indicators health and determine the standard is developed and underdeveloped.The research method is descriptive and analytical and collected information on the population and housing census and statistical year the province of Kurdistan. by models,VIKOR, saw, topsis and HDI.Considering that medal results in some cases did not fit together so to reach a consensus on the level of development of the city and the rating model was Kandrst The findings showed that the city of Sanandaj, Bijar and Qorveh rank first and third, and developed,And developed city in the second, third and relatively developed city of Baneh, Sarvabad in the fourth and relatively developed city of Kamyaran, Divandarreh in the fiveth and developing Saghz, Marivan in the sixth and developing And the city Dehgolan in the seventh and is undeveloped. The results show the differences in levels of development. Also, there is no significant correlation and significant relationship between urbanization rate and health status development index.