ehsan teymourzadeh

Value stream mapping (VSM) is one of the most important and widely used tools for lean thinking to identify non-value adding activities and improve the service delivery process. The aim of this study was to design a value stream map to improve the sonography service process in a military hospital..

Methods :

Value stream mapping (VSM) is one of the most important and widely used tools for lean thinking to identify non-value adding activities and improve the service delivery process. The aim of this study was to design a value stream map to improve the sonography service process in a military hospital.

The results showed that on average, the waiting time for sonography was 42.6 minutes and the main service cycle time was 30.6 minutes. On average, the total time for each sonography procedure was 73.3 minutes. The most frequently waste in the sonography process was related to “correction waste”, such as unclear sonography orders, incomplete registration of sonography orders, and mistakes in specifying the type and organ of sonography by the referring physician. Finally, the possibility of sending a prescription for appointment scheduling and receiving responses through social networks (such as WhatsApp, etc.), precise scheduling and appointment booking, and training clinic physicians for prescription and strengthening information technology infrastructure were introduced as some of the main solutions..

cause of time wastage, and most of the patient's attendance time is spent waiting. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce patients’ waiting time with management measures such as queue management and appointment scheduling systems as well as the use of new technologies.

Medicine plays a crucial role in societal health, and even minor disruptions in the supply chain can lead to crises. An organized supply chain ensures that patients receive their medications in the best possible conditions.

This study aims to identify and categorize key variables associated with the pharmaceutical supply chain.

We conducted a systematic review of all studies on drug supply chain management, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in both international and national databases from January 30, 2000, to March 30, 2023. We used specific keywords related to the drug supply chain for this search. We excluded articles, letters to the editor, and editorials from the review and ultimately qualitatively examined 34 studies. The quality of these articles was assessed using the CASP checklist.

We identified key variables and classified them into five categories: Monitoring and control (16 variables), information technology and intelligence (4 variables), human capital (10 variables), physical and financial resources (16 variables), and suppliers (4 variables).

It is imperative for health policymakers to develop effective strategies in monitoring and control, information technology and intelligence, human capital, physical and financial resources, and management of drug suppliers. These strategies are essential for the efficient supply and distribution of drugs within the supply chain.

Considering the wide range of services of the health system, proper training and distribution of human capital is highly important. It is worth mentioning that any imbalance in the distribution of human resources will result in a shortage or over-recruitment of medical staff. The purpose of this review article is to analyze the workload Indicator Staffing Need and determine the number of human capital required based on the standard of the World Health Organization.

This study is a Narrative review research. The statistical population includes available documents regarding the determination of the workload Indicator Staffing Need from January 2003 to April 2023. The sampling method was determined according to the documents related to the workload Indicator Staffing Need. The validity of the present study was implemented by searching in authoritative Persian and English-language scientific databases, including Google Scholar, IranMedex and Magiran, Scopus, and PubMed. Also, for reliability, a comparative study of documents was used. The search strategy included Human resource planning, Wisn, "Workload" and "Workload Indicator staff need" keywords and their Persian equivalent.

The classification and review of documents related to the subject of the study were examined in the three continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa. The findings indicated that the key success factor in the accurate estimation of the demand and supply of human resources in the health system is correct policy-making at headquarters levels and choosing a timely scientific-executive approach based on the precise definition of job processes. According to the documents and articles and comparison of common factors, and also concerning the World Health Organization Workload Indicator Staffing Need findings of the study were divided into 48 managerial components and 13 technical components, and then the data were.

Many medical sciences universities in Iran do not use a specific model and indicator to estimate the number and calculate the workload of their employees. It can be said that most universities of medical sciences, instead of using a systematic model, still use old and mental models to deal with high workload and estimate the required number of employees. So, it is highly important to pay attention to the implementation of the two-dimensional managerial-policy-making model at the level of senior managers and perform scientific-executive measures according to the conditions and organizational culture.

Tissue engineering is a field with enormous potential to revolutionize human treatment and medical practices. Despite this potential, the penetration of tissue-engineered products has not met expectations. Identifying the critical success factors is a good starting point to address this issue and find effective solutions. This study attempts to identify and quantify the critical success factors for the tissue engineering industry, and to determine which of these factors have the most significant impact on creating value for customers. The results of the current study were obtained using mixed methods to collect data from customers and experts, mapping data into a network structure, conducting pairwise comparison surveys, and using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to prioritize identified factors. Finally, the critical success factors were extracted based on their relative significance. We found out that manufacturing and R&D as well as management are the most critical activities whose high performance is essential for conquering the market. The results also suggest that expert feedback, cost management, overall product quality, brand, as well as credit and reimbursement plans are the critical success factors of the tissue engineering industry. The outcome of this study suggests that in order to succeed in the tissue engineering industry, organizations must closely focus on expert feedback, overall product quality, brand image, and the availability of credit or reimbursement plans. They should also adjust their costs and, consequently, their prices in comparison to alternative products.

Medical errors are numerous in medical activities. Considering the sensitivity and importance of the medical group’s professions, the emergence of an apparently simple error can cause the death of an individual or even a group of individuals. The present study aims the evaluation and reduction of human error using a system human error reduction and prediction approach System Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) in the nurses of Baqiyatallah hospital’s chemotherapy ward in 2019.

A cross‑sectional study was conducted in the chemotherapy ward using the SHERPA technique. Then, the duties were determined in detail using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA). The errors were identified using the SHERPA checklist, and the risk outcomes and intensities were finally evaluated.

Based on the study findings, there are 109 possible errors for 48 sub‑duties. The most frequent errors fall in the functional area (54%) and the least frequent errors pertain to the area of selection (3%).

In order to reduce the errors and increase the quality of the services and safety of the patients, errors can be identified by using the SHERPA technique; after identifying these errors, using this technique, it is possible to prevent the recurrence of the identified errors by careful planning. Considering the fact that the most frequent error was found in the functional domain, modern protocols can be codified in this area, and standards can be observed for putting the problems of this section atop of the priority list and reducing the errors and increasing safety of the patients.

One approach to reducing the burden of diseases can be to identify socioeconomically vulnerable groups. We aimed to estimate the socioeconomic inequality of in-hospital deaths using relative and absolute indices of socioeconomic inequality.

In this retrospective cohort study on Covid-19 patients; age, gender, marital status, education level, date of admission, diagnostic method, and final condition were measured. Socioeconomic inequality in in-hospital death was assessed using three approaches. We used the relative index of inequality (RII) to measure relative inequality. We used two approaches to evaluate absolute inequality: the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (ci).

Overall, 587 patients’ data were collected and 42 (7.2%) of these patients died in the hospital. There were statistically significant differences between the case-fatality rates of different levels of education (P<0.001). In addition, all the inequality indices showed that the distribution of COVID-19-related deaths was higher among the lower education levels. Accordingly, after controlling the effect of age, gender, and comorbidities the RII indicated that the case fatality rate in the lowest education level was 9.42 (95% CI: 2.23 to 39.01, P<0.001) times compared to the case fatality rate in the highest level of education.

The results of all three approaches indicate considerable education inequality in CFR in favor of groups of high education levels. These results can improve the prioritization and impact of public health interventions, including prevention and diagnosis of Covid-19 in favor of vulnerable groups.

Green Hospital is a concept that protects the environment from destructive human actions. It has emerged to achieve the goals of sustainable development, following the world wars, the industrial revolution, and the increment of environmental destruction. Further, Hospitals have moved towards the implementation of green hospital criteria according to their social responsibilities. This study aimed to investigate the challenges of achieving green hospital indicators.

The present study was conducted as a Mixed Method (quantitative and qualitative) in a military, educational, and selected reference hospital in Tehran in 2016. The first phase was quantitative which was performed based on collected information through translated checklists and initial hospital statistics. In the second phase, qualitative information was obtained by using semi-structured interviews with 10 hospital employees working in the fields related to the green hospital, Finally. the data were analyzed with EXCEL and ATLAS.ti software (Version 7) by utilizing central criteria (quantitative) and conventional content analysis (qualitative).

Based on quantitative findings of the checklist, the rate of compliance with the Green Hospital criteria was 56.8 percent. In the qualitative phase, the main challenges of the hospital were divided into two main categories (Internal and External factors) and 7 sub-categories, including the challenges of human resources, organizational and managerial, technical, financial, laws and foreign issues, cultural, and factors related to the organization's clients.

Based on the identified challenges, hospitals should work with external collaboration on educating and cultivating the clients and staff, amending government laws, modifying management thinking against environmental issues, and prioritizing these issues to pave the way for achieving green hospital criteria.

Health organizations such as hospitals have a significant role in the environment and by considering the type of activity and how they affect the environment, we can understand the importance of these centers. Over the decades, the international community has designed and developed various models to prevent the harmful effects of the environment by various organizations. These patterns include various indicators in the health sector. The described indicators include: environmental management, building and environment design, energy and water consumption, air quality and pollutants, waste, preferred environmental purchases and chemical materials. Considering the importance of the indicators and its effects on the performance of the hospital, in this study, which was conducted as a review, a review of the indicators and the reasons for its importance.

Health promotion standards are designed to meet the physical, mental and social needs of patients, staff and the community. So, this study aim was investigated the preparedness to implementation of health promotion hospital(HPH) standards from nurses’ perspective in the military hospitals.

This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. 400 nursing staff of three selected military hospitals in Tehran selected by quota and simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire of the WHO regarding HPH standards in 5 dimensions. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using ANOVA test at 95% CI. 

The mean and standard deviation score for the management policy, patient evaluation, patient information, and interventions, providing a healthy workplace, continuity, and cooperation, and the total score were (38.71 ± 8.23), (17.37 ± 4.61), (16.3 ± 10.99), (32.8 ± 53.58), (41.55 ± 10.30) and (146.26 ± 29.13), respectively. The mean differences for the total score and two dimensions of patient management, and evaluation policy were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The mean differences for the three dimensions of information and patient interventions, creating a healthy work environment, continuity and cooperation were statistically significant (p <0.05).

There was necessary preparation to establish the HPH standards in military healthcare centers from nurses’ perspective. These hospitals have proper planning in this field. To improve the preparedness of HPH standard implementation, it is essential to be given priority to the three dimensions of creating a healthy work environment, patient evaluation, and continuity and cooperation.

Globalization, increasing the regulations of governmental and non-governmental organizations and pressure and customer demands regarding environmental issues have led organizations to consider the necessary measures to apply green supply chain management to improve environmental and economic performance. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the factors affecting supplier selection based on the factors of green supply chain management in the hospital.

In the present study, first, by studying and reviewing the relevant scientific articles and books and according to the research literature, the criteria of green supply chain in the hospital were identified. Then, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) was used to examine the relationships and dependencies between the criteria. Finally, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method was used to prioritize the criteria and options.

The results obtained in the ISM method showed that the criteria of "supporting the green supply chain by senior and middle managers", "optimal use of resources and reducing the consumption of raw materials" and "moving towards green suppliers". They have the most connection and impact on the system and by changing them, the system changes. And the results of the ANP method indicate that the criteria of "cross-sectoral cooperation" and "education and presentation of the correct energy consumption pattern" are in the last ranks.

Necessary arrangements should be made for selecting a green supplier in the hospital with the help of inter-departmental cooperation and training and presenting the correct energy consumption pattern.

The medical equipment supply chain management is one of the main challenges for hospitals and medical centers. Meanwhile, military hospitals need more serious attention because of their critical position. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the management of medical equipment supply chain in a military hospital in Tehran and finally evaluating the performance of the hospital in this regard.

At first, by examining previous researches and interviewing with some of staff and hospital managers, the influential factors in the management of the medical equipment supply chain were identified. in this regard, The MAXQDA 2020 software was used for this purpose. Then, effective methods were weighed using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Finally, the current performance of the hospital was assessed using a questionnaire.

Based on the findings, the factors affecting the supply chain of medical equipment supply were divided into 5 general categories. These 5 categories which found their weights obtained from fuzzy AHP, respectively: Resources and stakeholders, internal operations management, sustainability, integrity and information management. Also, the results of the performance evaluation showed that the current condition of the hospital is 43%, which is actually less than the acceptable level.

The importance of medical equipment supply chain management is not only due to its important role in the quality of treatment but also because of its major contribution to the hospitalchr('39')s operating budget. It should be noted that the factors affecting this issue are directly and indirectly related to each other. Finally, identifying weaknesses and proper planning to improve them can amend the condition of the hospital and ultimately enhance patient satisfaction.

To assess prevalence and predictive factors for Nosocomial Infection (NI) in the military hospitals.

PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and PreQuest databases were systematically searched for studies published between Jan 1991 and Oct 2017 that reported the prevalence of NI and predictive factors among military hospitals. We performed the meta-analysis using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis was done for heterogeneity and the Egger test to funnel plots was used to assess publication bias.

Twenty-eight studies with 250,374 patients were evaluated in meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of the prevalence of NI was 8% (95% 6.0–9.0). The pooled prevalence was 2% (95% CI: 2.0–3.0) when we did sensitivity analysis and excluding a study. The prevalence was highest in burn unit (32%) and ICU (15%). Reported risk factors for NI included gender (male vs female, OR: 1.45), age (Age≥65, OR: 2.4), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.32), inappropriate use of antibiotics (OR: 2.35), received mechanical support (OR: 2.81), co-morbidities (OR: 2.97), admitted into the ICU (OR: 2.26), smoking (OR: 1.36) and BMI (OR: 1.09)

The review revealed a difference of prevalence in military hospitals with other hospitals and shows a high prevalence of NI in burn units. Therefore careful disinfection and strict procedures of infection control are necessary in places that serve immunosuppressed individuals such as burn patient. Moreover, a vision for the improvement of reports and studies in military hospitals to report the rate of these infections are necessary.

In recent years, the construction industry, especially hospitals affected by sustainable development, have created concepts such as "sustainable building" and "green hospital". With the development of implementation and evaluation systems of Green Hospital, various methods were presented. The common point of all these methods was the three areas of optimal consumption of water, energy, and less waste generation. This study was conducted to investigate the status of these areas.

This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. The research population includes a selected military hospital in Tehran, Iran. Information on the consumption and cost of energy, water, and also the amount of waste production over a period of three years (2014-2016) in 2017 were collected and analyzed.

On average, the hospital consumes 80.79 kWh of electricity and 12.12 m3 of gas at a cost of 25861 Rials and 10808 Rials per active day bed, respectively. This statistic is active for 1124 liters of water consumption at a cost of 16,993 Rials per day bed. Waste production was on average 3.67 kg per active day bed, of which 42% was infectious waste.

The results showed that water and electricity consumption were 2.20 and 10.1 times the existing standards, respectively. The average production of total waste was 2.5 to 3.7 times and infectious waste was estimated to be 27% higher than international standards. It is recommended that hospitals adopt environmental protection strategies, hold training courses, manage waste, and allocate the necessary funds. In the macro dimension, the binding of these measures and the development of local indicators will be a useful solution. The lack of mandatory standards for measuring and reducing the studied indicators is a national challenge and it is suggested that the hospital reduces the statistics.

The success of the health system research and technology management in the 21st century can play an important role in advancing the country toward becoming a scientific power.

The study aimed to increase knowledge and identify factors affecting the health system research and technology, as well as to provide solutions for improving the status of health science and technology.

This was an applied and descriptive study conducted in 2018 using cross‑impact analysis. The factors affecting the Iranian Health System Research and Technology Management and their influences on each other were identified using an expert panel. The key‑driven factors were determined using the MICMAC software.

The input, stake, target, resultant, excluded, and regulating factors were identified. The degree of fill rate the matrix was 58.9%. Financial annex of the health scientific map (S = 206), roadmap (S = 206), governmental laws and regulations (S = 198), and sufficient governmental budget allocation (S = 194) earned the highest potential influence scores by 2025. Furthermore, scientific authority (S = 216), international communication (187), university relationship with industries (S = 187), and competitive infrastructure (S = 178) obtained the highest potential dependence scores by 2025.

The success of the Iranian Health System Research and Technology Management by 2025 requires the development of the financial annex of the comprehensive scientific health map, the development of the road map, and the allocation of sufficient governmental budget for health research. Policy‑making in health system research and technology management requires more attention to these factors and the dynamics of relationships among factors in the model.

 Iranian National Health Scientific Map is a national plan the implementation of which remarkably influences the progress of the country, though it is facing challenges in its implementation phase.

The present study has been conducted with the main aim of identifying the challenges facing the comprehensive scientific health map of Iran. SETTING AND DESIGN: This is an applied and qualitative study.

The study was done in 2017 with the content analysis approach among experts of research and technology management. Some 18 people were selected and were deeply interviewed, meanwhile observing the credibility of research. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data analysis was performed based on content analysis and using ATLAS.ti software.

Data analysis resulted in the identification of 427 codes, 84 subthemes, and 12 themes. Twelve themes were specified including policy‑making, management, university autonomy, quantitative development, consideration of science production chain, designing and monitoring of science map, finance, qualitative assessment, human resources, research ethics, as well as allocating attention to the infrastructure and communication.

The scientific map of health challenges are indicative of the need for modification of the scientific map and adhering to solutions in line with the removal of the identified challenges. Today, paying attention to the solutions capable of meeting such challenges is a must.

Innovation is a competitive advantage, with its preservation and continuity dependent on the organizational innovation capability. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the innovation capability dimensions and components in medical sciences universities of Iran.

The present study is a qualitative study with content analysis approach, undertaken in 2016–2017. The data processing included 10 deep interviews with the experts of the health innovation domain in top management of the three types of the medicine sciences universities of Iran with >5 years of experience. Targeted data sampling was performed using snowball method and continued until the saturation of the data. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis method using Maxqda 12 software.

Data analysis resulted in the extraction of 28 categories and 8 main themes including communications and interactions, innovation climate, university setting, policy factors (policy‑making, rules and regulations), organizational culture, organizational resources, management and leadership, and organizational learning in two university internal and external dimensions.

To accelerate innovation in medical sciences universities, recognizing the potential of innovation capability is essential.

Hospitals, the main providers of healthcare services, are costly centers which account for about 80% of the health sector budget and have a huge share of resources. This study aimed to analyze the economic performance of selected military hospitals in Tehran using hospital indicators and inpatient bed-day costs. This descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study conducted in hospitals affiliated with a military medical university. Data was collected with forms completed by referring to the hospitals’ finance and accounting, medical records, staffing, and logistics departments. The extracted data converted to hospital indicators using the appropriate formulas and analyzed using Excel and SPSS software with the T-test. The average bed occupancy rate (BOR) was 71%, the average length of stay (ALOS) was 2.5 days, the average bed turnover (BT) was 31 times, and the average bed turnover interval (BTI) was one day. The comparison of means of all the above-mentioned indicators other than BOR with the national standards was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Inpatient bed-day costs with and without capital costs were calculated to be 3 312 353 IRR and 12 253 775 IRR, respectively. Higher BOR and BT and lower ALOS and BTI indicators were appropriate compared with the national standards, but the cost performance was not appropriate. An unreasonable increase in inpatient bed-day cost revealed that there were unused beds and that hospitals had no monitoring systems for revenues and expenditures. Therefore, serious attention must be given to the scientific criteria and principles of health economics to improve resource productivity.

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a method used to evaluate and plan the quality of products and services. It is based on the satisfaction of customers, translating their needs into measurable characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of surgery service in a military hospital. This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study carried out in a military hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2016. A researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed valid for data collection by experts. A total of 106 surgery patients were selected as study population. The most important demands of patients (voice of customer) were "nursing assistance" and then "providing proper information to the patient and patient companions". "Suitable equipment-tools and surgical ward space" were the lowest in terms of patient's demands. Among the service elements, the "number of complaints per month" was the most important service element (0.55) and "compliance with the infection control guidelines" was determined as the least important element of the service (0.14). The current quality control model developed in this study can be a general guide to evaluate the quality of services provided by the operating room and other wards of a military hospital.

Nowadays, with many challenges in organizations such as hospitals, strategic management is considered necessary more than ever. Without strategic management in organizations, even survival is not possible. Given the importance of strategic management on organizational innovation and productivity, especially in hospitals, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between strategic thinking with innovation and productivity in different levels of managers in a military hospital.
In a cross sectional study, all senior, middle and operational managers in a military hospital were entered by the census method in 2017. The data gathering tool included 3 questionnaires; strategic thinking measurement questionnaire based on the Liedtka model, the productivity questionnaire was based on the Hersey - Blanchard Model and Chang-Lee innovation questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation, using SPSS 18 software.
A total of 17 managers with a mean age of 45 years were included. A significant relationship between strategic thinking and productivity (r=0.59, P=0.013) and also with innovation (r=0.54, P=0.021). In this way, the more strategic thinking among the managers of the organization, the more innovation and productivity in the organization will increase Also, there was not a significant relationship between strategic thinking and age, work experience, management work experience and degree of education (p >0.05).
Considering the meaningful relationship of strategic thinking with productivity and innovation in this study, one can conclude that by reducing strategic thinking, the amount of productivity and innovation in the organization is reduced, leading to stagnation and failure.

Nowadays organizations are in dynamic environments that continuously change in consideration of economics, politics, social factors, and technology. In this condition it is believed that information technology (IT) can increase the capabilities of organizations, as well as reduce the costs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective factors, their variables and their impact on the application and use of IT in health insurance organizations in Guilan province.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016. The population study included 45 experts in the health insurance industry in Rasht city and 16 other cities of Guilan province, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including 6 dimensions of managerial, human source, cultural, environmental, organizational and technological factors. The questionnaires were completed by health insurance industry experts. Then, the collected data were analyzed using the hierarchical analysis process using Expert Choice software version 11.
The findings of the study demonstrated that the ranking of factors (and variables) which affect the optimum use of IT in the health insurance industry from the expert's viewpoints were inclusion of the managerial factor (the variable of motivation and necessary support for managers), the environmental factor (the variable of the existence of an integrated network in the country), organizational factor (the variable of sufficient budget for hardware and software equipment), technological factor (the variable of facilitating the application and use of IT), human source factor (the variable of passing related training courses for staff and reducing staff resistance to change), and cultural factor (the variable of familiarity of people and authorities with IT performance), respectively.
In order to optimize the use of IT in the insurance industry in Guilan province, conducting IT training courses, reducing staff resistance to changes, familiarity with the performance of IT, developing and upgrading hardware and software components are the most important aspects.

Ethical leadership, as one of the new approaches to leadership, embraces management and leadership methods in which the rights and dignity of the employees are valued and respected as human beings. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethical leadership and leadership styles on organizational commitment in a military health organization in Tehran.
This cross-sectional study is conducted in Tehran, Iran in 2016. The study population consisted of employees of a selected military health organization, selected by stratified and simple random sampling method. For data collection, the standard questionnaire of Brown's ethical leadership scale (three-part model of staff), Bass & Avolio’s multi-factor questionnaire and organizational commitment questionnaire of Meyer and Allen have been used. The descriptive data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 16.0 software and for analyzing the relationship between components, structural equation modeling and AMOS 18.0 software were used.
The results showed that the average organizational commitment in the sample was 71.6±4.9 at a high level. Also, the highest score of organizational commitment in the staff was related to the dimension of normative commitment. Regarding the leadership style, the results showed that the dominant leadership style was the transformational and transactional leadership style, respectively. In the case of ethical leadership, the results showed that the average score of leadership style of managers was 36.8±6.89 from the perspective of the employee. The fitting results of the model showed that the independent variables predicted 22 percent of the changes in the dependent variables of organizational commitment.
Considering the high score of organizational commitment at the university, it can be concluded that the use of ethical leadership and transformational leadership style has been effective and has a direct effect on employee's commitment. Ethical leadership in this organization, by establishing ethical relationships (interpersonal relationships) and seriousness in addressing ethics in the organization, has added to the organization's commitment. Therefore, managers with knowledge of the amount and type of commitment of employees can be used to improve and increase the performance of employees in order to achieve organizational and social goals as well as personal goals of the employees.

This study aimed to identify and prioritize factors affecting the development of military hospital beds and provide a model using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP).
This applied study was conducted in 2016 in Iran using a mixed method. The sample included experts in the field of military health care system. The MAXQDA 10.0 and Expert Choice 10.0 software were used for analyzing the collected data.
Geographic situation, demographic status, economic status, health status, health care centers and organizations, financial and human resources, laws and regulations and by-laws, and the military nature of service recipients had effects on the development of military hospital beds. The military nature of service recipients (S=0.249) and economic status (S=0.040) received the highest and lowest priorities, respectively.
Providing direct health care services to the military forces in order to maintain their dignity, and according to its effects in the crisis, as well as the necessity for maintaining the security of the armed forces, and the hospital beds per capita based on the existing laws, regulations and bylaws are of utmost importance.

Nowadays, providing the high quality service and reducing costs, have converted health care industry into a challenging environment for the managers. One of the ways to achieve these goals given the importance of productivity and systems’ efficiency, is to optimize the number of facilities. In this regard, the present study aimed at optimizing the bed number of different wards of a military hospital.
This research is a study which utilizes the operations research and mathematical modeling techniques. In This matter firstly, a model assuming no interaction between various wards has been designed and then in the next step another model has been developed without this assumption. To evaluate the models the real life data of a military hospital has been used and ultimately the developed model has been coded and solved in GAMS.24.5.6 software.
The results of implementation of first and second models showed that annual costs of the hospital is equal to372,984,500,0 and 352,984,500,0 Rials respectively, whereas the value for the current situation is 408,408,000,0 Rials per year. Based on importance of reducing costs models have shown the proper efficiency.
In general, using mathematical programming for capacity planning has shown high performance capability at any previous studies. It is recommended to apply the models for specialized and general hospitals to allocate the beds into their wards optimally.

Innovation capability has a multi-dimensional structure and the aggregate resultant performance of these dimensions would bring about the organizational success. The main aim of this study is to introduce a conceptual model of innovation capability in industrial and academic research centers. This paper is a systematic review of the papers published in the field of innovation capability dimension in industrial and academic R&D centers (especially medical sciences universities). The authors have used the standard guideline of systematic review (PRISMA). For this paper, more than 200 full-text articles published between 2000 and 2016 in valid scientific research journals were studied. Based on the conducted study, the innovation capability dimensions and their relationships in two internal and external dimensions were plotted in a conceptual model framework. On the basis of the reviewed studies, six intra-organizational capacities, the management and leadership, organizational resources, knowledge and information management, R&D, organizational culture and the organizational intangible aspects capacity, and two extra-organizational capacities, the environmental capacity of the organization and the extra-organizational relationships and interactions, effective in organization's innovation capability have been determined.