nima mokhtarzadeh

The concepts of customer value creation, organizational networks and open innovation have emerged in recent years, and innovative business models have brought a greater attention to these studies. Organizations have found that the product innovation or the process innovation alone is not enough for a company to stay competitive in today's changing economy. Innovation must be at the core of the organization's business model. Business model innovation transforms one business model into another. This conversion may affect an entire business model, or a combination of elements related to value proposition, value creation, value delivery, value capture, and the relationships between these factors or the value network. There are various methods and strategies to innovate in a organization's business model. None of these methods is a one-fits-for-all remedy for different types of organizations in various industries. The open business model is one of the most common methods considered as a feature that leads to success of many business model innovations among industries Open business models are defined as business models in which cooperation plays a vital role in creating and capturing value in organizations. Despite the benefits and opportunities that such business models create for organizations, they have not been considered in the studies conducted inside the country. This study aims to delve deeper into this concept, comprehensively review the progress made therein, bridge the scientific and practical gaps, and reflect important issues that shall require more attention in future studies. This paper seeks to provide an overview of the importance of the open business model as a field of research concerning the development of related academic research. The areas where the open business model has attracted more attention are also discussed. This paper is an overview of literature and addresses the question ‘what is the summary of the scientific literature on the domain of open business models?’

To achieve this goal, the search began with a combination of keywords in the Web of Science database and subsequently a bibliometric analysis was performed using the VOSviewer software. Finally, a systematic review of literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. For this purpose, in the first step and based on the subject of the study, the research questions were developed in accordance with the research design. In the next step, the research protocol was designed, and an appropriate mental model was plotted accordingly. Subsequently, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. The comprehensive and systematic search began within the literature, and 303 studies were selected. After the classification, screening, and measurement of their quality, 30 studies were finally examined in depth (through a detailed review of their abstracts, introductions, methodologies and results), and the required data were collected.

This study is based on the analysis of the literature related to the open business models. It explains the trend of the developments in the studies of this area and their key findings. There is also an attempt to introduce the most impressive studies, authors, journals, and citations and make a spectrum of frequent keywords in this field. The topics discussed in these articles are divided into eight main categories including Impact on Organizational Performance (7), Typologies (7), Literature Review Articles (5), Necessity of Business Model Openness (3), Open Business Model antecedents (2), Challenges of open Business Model (2), creation of a structure for open business models (2), and open business models in small and medium enterprises (2). Some of these articles cover several topics. Some of the selected articles were literature reviews of the subject (5), some conceptualized the literature related to open business models (7), and some worked to create open business models for real companies (15). The other articles focused on creating a framework for specific companies or specific industries (3) such as newspaper industry, market source software, industry-university partnership, 3M agricultural industry, SAP, Geberit, and the like.

The research results conducted in this article confirm the direct effect of using open business models and moving towards the openness of business models on value creation and the performance of companies. The purpose of this article was to emphasize the importance of the subject by conducting a systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines, the keywords on the web of science database and the VOSviewer software. The results of the study showed the increasing attention of researchers and organizational decision-makers in concepts such as co-creation and collaboration in business models. The trend shows that, over time, changing close business models, moving towards open business models and paying attention to open innovation concepts will be a bigger trend in research articles. Moreover, our finding confirmed the direct effect of moving towards the openness of business models on value creation and improving the performance of companies.

In order to manage and coordinate inter-organizational networks, an orchestrator role is essential. Hub firm typically performs this role in a network and therefore needs orchestration capability. Most conceptualizations of orchestration capabilities in literature are focused on network management, and this meta-capability is often viewed statically. In this study, focusing on the identification and comprehensive collection of orchestration capabilities, the orchestration skills and processes have been categorized.

Systematic literature review is conducted through structured screening, coding, and categorization of concepts based on Prisma. It is classified as an applied research with a qualitative approach using Thematic analysis over the selected articles in innovation management orchestration and checking with Sandelowski and Barroso method.

The orchestration of innovation networks requires 84 capabilities, which have been identified and collected, and a coherent framework and classification was derived by comparing and analyzing different concepts and drawing clear lines in three dimensions namely design, manage and control of the network and seven categories. We also introduced the third dimension of orchestration capability of innovation networks including the analysis of changes and reconfiguration.

Considering the dynamic nature of internal, external and technological factors, The network orchestrator should also review his activities and roles in accordance with this dynamic and update his behavior in order to increase the efficiency of the network. In this way, benefiting from the capabilities of the network control category is mandatory for orchestration.

Today, as the Competitive Environment becomes more Complicated, Firms in Steel Value Chain Sector, In addition to the need to Identify and Assimilate new Knowledge and Technologies, need to Absorb and Integrate It into their Technological Resources.This Study has been done by Analyzing the Iran Steel Value Chain Technology Developments from the Perspective of Managerial Functions in New Technology Integration. The Historical Review was from 1338 to 1400. This Study is Qualitative Content Analysis Research. Data Collection Tools were 16 Semi-Structured Interviews with Experienced Managers in Steelmaking Industry Along With Review of Archival Documents Finally, based on Historical Analysis and Review of Successful and Unsuccessful Management Functions in Three Time phases, This Study Presents Functional and Executive Solutions in the Stages of Integration of New Technologies. In this Study, After Exploring 17 Themes (Key Effective Factors) fot New Technologies Integration, 25 Solutions in Stage of “Identify and Obtain Valuable New Knowledge Identifying and Evaluating New Technological Knowledge”, 24 Solutions in Stage of “Understanding New Knowledge and Combining it with the Existing Knowledge Base of the Firm”, and 10 Solutions In Stage of “Exploiting New Technological Knowledge has been Proposed.

The focus of this study is on how the technological capabilities of the latecomer firms accumulate in the catch-up process. Literature study suggests that no comprehensive and integrated model specifies the technological capabilities of each catch-up phase. Therefore, the present study aims to fill this research gap. The main contribution of this study is to identify the dedicated technological capabilities in each catch-up stage. By comparing and combining the current findings in the literature during the years 1980 to 2018 with the meta-synthesis method, the following question is investigated: "What are the technological capabilities at each phase of the catch-up process?" The main findings of this study include summarizing the technological capability definitions, introducing the main pillars of technological capability conceptualization, collecting various typologies of technological capability, comparing different phases of the catch-up process, extracting the hierarchical structure of technological capability, and assigning each technological capability to its dedicated phase.  Given the findings of this study and the specific contextual conditions of the firm, managers can customize this framework for improving technological capabilities. This firm-specific roadmap specifies which technological capabilities should be developed and upgraded at which time frame.

Rapid development of technologies, their increasing complexity and variety, together with limited organizational resources and efforts for survival in industrial competitions have made the task of appropriate technology selection a major challenge. The present research is aimed at the formulation of technology strategy related to oil production in one of the west Karoon oil fields in Iran. At the first, the processes and challenges of production in the studied oil field are recognized by the experts’ survey. Then, the priority of the challenges is evaluated and four key challenges of the considered field are recognized by using a paired comparison questionnaire and Chang Fuzzy AHP. In the next step, the existing and new technologies of oil production in the four recognized key challenges are determined. For each of the recognized technologies, the attractiveness assessment and capability assessment questionnaire are designed based on Jolly indexes and distribute in a sample composed of production engineering experts. Sampling is done by the non-random and purposive-judgmental method. Based on the results of the questionnaires, the attractiveness-capability matrix is designed by Morin’s model, and then based on the obtained technology portfolio, the strategies of each of the four areas are formulated and discussed.

Innovation is a phenomenon that has significant implications on socio-economic variables such as productivity growth, wealth generation and employment; hence the study of countries' innovation has attracted a significant attraction among policy research. Despite the promotion of the concept of the national innovation system for analyzing the behavior of innovation, complementary perspectives such as the regional system of innovation have also been used because of increased inequalities in different regions. One of the newest regional policymaking strategies is the smart specialization strategy. The strategy states that for each region, certain priorities should be determined with regard to the potential of the region in order to stimulate and enhance innovation at the regional and national levels.Given the differences in the status of innovation in the provinces of the country, this article seeks to provide a framework for designing regional innovation policies based on smart specialization strategies using the inductive method. To this end, the requirements and components of smart specialization have been identified based on the metasynthesis of previous research (deductive). In this step, 119 articles from Scopus, Emerald, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Proquest databases were examined. After three screening stages, 30 articles were identified for a more in-depth analysis, which resulted in a framework for implementing smart specialization strategy. The framework was proposed with the following components:(1) Examining the current situation of the region and analyzing the capabilities of the region; (2) Identify smart specialization priorities; and (3) Smart specialization operational planning.

Innovation is a process dependent on geography and region in which local capacities such as resources, institutions, public and cultural values are the main drivers. Interactions between different sectors of the region, including technical, commercial, legal, social and financial sectors, contribute to the development, protection, financing or regulation of innovation and technology. The dependence of innovation on the characteristics of regions has made it impossible to provide a single model for the development of innovation in the regions, and in fact, a diverse set of institutional capacities, tools and characteristics is needed for the development and management of present and future knowledge. Also important are factors such as regional production, regional environment, system of academia and research in the region, public management, and the capabilities of private and business firms. Given the differences in the state of innovation in the provinces of Iran, this study seeks to present a framework for smart policymaking of regional innovation in Iran.Theoretical frameworkSmart Specialization is an innovation policy concept that aims to boost regional innovation, contributing to growth and prosperity by helping and enabling regions to focus on their strengths. Smart Specialization is based on partnerships between businesses, public entities, and knowledge institutions. Smart specialization strategy' means the national or regional innovation strategies which set priorities in order to build competitive advantage by developing and matching research and innovation own strengths to business needs in order to address emerging opportunities and market developments in a coherent manner, while avoiding duplication and fragmentation of efforts; a smart specialization strategy may take the form of, or be included in, a regional research and innovation (R&I) strategic policy framework.

To reach the end, the requirements and components of smart specialization have been identified based on the metasynthesis of previous research. Qualitative metasynthesis is an intentional and coherent approach to analyzing data across qualitative studies. It is a process that enables researchers to identify a specific research question and then search for, select, appraise, summarize, and combine qualitative evidence to address the research question. This process uses rigorous qualitative methods to synthesize existing qualitative studies to construct greater meaning through an interpretative process.  In this study, 119 articles from Scopus, Emerald, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Proquest databases were examined. After three screening stages, 30 articles were identified for a more in-depth analysis, which resulted in a framework for implementing smart specialization strategy.

Innovation is a process dependent on geography and region in which local capacities such as resources, institutions, public and cultural values are the main drivers. therefore, the present article, by reviewing previous studies, has provided a framework for smartening regional innovation policies. Based on the proposed framework, regional innovation policies are formulated according to local capabilities and capacities.

this article seeks to provide a framework for designing regional innovation policies based on smart specialization strategies using the inductive method. To this end, the requirements and components of smart specialization have been identified based on the metasynthesis of previous research. The framework was proposed with the following components:(1) Examining the current situation of the region and analyzing the capabilities of the region; (2) Identify smart specialization priorities; and (3) Smart specialization operational planning.

A study of the development of different innovation ecosystems has shown that in the early stages of ecosystem development we are faced with a period in which, due to the different natures of the two soldiers, the ecosystem faces challenges with the highest failure and stopping rates. It comes with it. Ecosystems that can pass this stage are able to acquire the value produced in the ecosystem and create wealth. In this study, we seek to identify the challenges of this stage of the growth process called the Death Valley of the ecosystem and identify the capabilities needed to overcome it. Therefore, this article tries to investigate its challenges and the underlying factors and capabilities affecting the passage of the innovation ecosystem by examining the case of Iran's biopharmaceutical innovation ecosystem as a successful ecosystem that has been able to cross the Death Valley. To do this, the required data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed in the form of a model using theme analysis and coding. According to the research findings, Iran's biopharmaceutical innovation ecosystem in the process of crossing its death valley has faced three types of challenges: implementation, integration and acceptance, which is the formation of five capabilities of interaction and accessibility; Integration and integration; Innovation and learning; Adaptability and mobility, and ultimately the ability to create complementarity, as well as the existence of three factors underlying government policies, political sanctions, and market demand, have been influential in crossing this valley and overcoming these challenges.

System Integrator firms cannot develop all the strategic resources they need on their own, and consequently, some of them must be acquired through inter-organizational networks. Research shows that most network studies focus more on network antecedents and outputs and less on processes and related capabilities. Some researchers have made few efforts to identify and scrutinize capabilities related to business relationships. In this context, scholars have introduced “networking capability” (NC) to emphasize the network perspective. Despite the considerable conceptual and empirical richness, the existence of different nomenclatures and theoretical diversity in NC literature has led to conceptual ambiguity and a lack of consensus on this crucial concept. We have tried to cover this gap through a systematic review of related literature. A systematic review of this study includes structured screening, coding, and categorizing of concepts related to networking capabilities. This study identifies two critical components for NC: Network Development Capability (NDC) and Network Management Capability (NMC). An overview of NC conceptualizations shows that network development is often overlooked, and the network management is overemphasized. This study, while classifying the concepts in the literature under each of these categories, also provides their theoretical definition. Finally, we have identified a series of research gaps in NC studies and proposed some suggestions for future research direction.

Most of the failed strategic alliances have suffered from inefficient structures. Developing and choosing a structure for an alliance cannot be effective, unless the alliance's managers consider the contextual parameters. Among different contextual parameters, the industrial context is very important because each industry has its own level of process manageability and outcome interpretability; and these attributes are varied within the range of industries. Thus, this paper aimed to investigate the effect of industrial context on structure of alliances, and also, to identify the first priority for developing and choosing a structure for strategic alliances.

The present research is conducted through multiple case study strategies, based on an interpretive paradigm. Applying the interpretive paradigm is necessary for such a research to reach a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. So, the researchers conducted 6 independent case studies on strategic alliances between Iranian companies and the international partners in different sectors such as oil and gas, telecommunication, online-services, food and beverage, auto parts, as well as pharmaceuticals.

Due to the research framework, industries can be classified into four groups by theirs process manageability and outcome interpretability. Alliances were not formed in isolation, and their industrial context would affect their structure and organization. The data from within-case analysis as well as cross-case analysis showed that each type of industrial context may result in a different set of variables which affect the organizational design of an alliance. The findings of the present research suggested that legal safeguards is the first priority for alliances which are formed in high manageability/high interpretability industrial context and trust would have the same role in alliances with low manageability/low interpretability context. Moreover, the formal control mechanisms in low manageability/high interpretability, and the social norms in high manageability/low interpretability are the dominant factors to develop and choose a structure for alliances.

The context is missing parameters in researches on the structure of strategic alliances. It is impossible to design a prosperous alliance without considering the context in which the alliances are formed. This research aims to clarify this issue by focusing on industrial context and to provide a better understanding of how to design a better alliance. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the structure of strategic alliances is decided by simply choosing between binary options of contractual-based and equity-based forms. The specific industrial context of each alliance force specific prerequisites and structure of alliances should provide an appropriate response to these requirements.

Iran's business environment is a vibrant and unpredictable environment and operating in this situation requires special capabilities.Constant changes in this environment have made it difficult for companies to simply compete with existing capabilities and resource. The purpose of this article is to examine how a company (knowledge-based) can perform well in a turbulent environment by relying on its capabilities. Accordingly, theories of competitive advantage were examined and finally the theory of dynamic capabilities was selected as the appropriate theory. This article is assumed that the emergence of dynamic capabilities depends on the microfoundations formed in the company and these foundations could were embedded in three layers (human, social, organizational). We were extracted related variables in each layer based on the research literature an after interviewing with the company executives and staff, we were coded and placed them in their related layers. The results showed that human and social layers are very important in a FinTech and knowledge-based enterprise.

Technological innovation has a positive effect on firm performance and is one of the key factors for success and survival, particularly in technology-based industries. Firms have been focusing on the ways through which they can boost their innovations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inter-firm synergies on firm’s performance in technological innovation by considering the moderating roles of technological innovation capability and innovation strategy.

This descriptive study is a practice-oriented research using correlational method in data collection phase. The statistical population includes the subsidiaries of an Iranian technology-based organization in energy sector. Data were collected by a 50-item questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale which its validity and reliability was confirmed. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) technique, employing the SmartPLS Software.

The results showed that inter-firm synergy significantly has a positive effect on firm’s performance in technological innovation. We also found that both technological innovation capability and innovation strategy positively moderates the relationship between inter-firm synergy and firm’s performance in technological innovation.

As the findings showed, firms can increase their performance in technological innovation by exploiting inter-firm synergies. Building and Enhancing technological innovation capability and innovation strategy formulation and implementation will help them to better exploit of these synergies.

This paper presents a Conceptual Framework for formation of university-based Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Tehran and its indicators using a qualitative method. The conceptual Framework of the research includes a 3×4 matrix whose rows show the position of the ecosystem in life cycle (i.e. the 4 stages of emergence, Activation, Integration andMaturity) and the columns indicate the ecosystem formation model (i.e. the 3 states of organic and community-oriented, systematic and university-based, and a combination of both). Further in the qualitative section, the suggested indicators of the conceptual Framework were determined through thematic analysis and thematic network.In the quantitative section, the conceptual Framework and its dimensions were verified using the Delphi method. The following Four life cycle indicators were then identified: the level of development of entrepreneurship infrastructures, strength of the communication network between ecosystem actors, Culcural & Manegerial Infrastructures and the resources available in the ecosystem.The following six indicators were also identified for the ecosystem formation: the extent of Student and Alumni intervention, andNon Academic Factors.

The turbulent environments and the presence of factors such as sanctions, government laws, access to state-owned corporate confidential information, traditional ways of business, instability in economic conditions, especially exchange rate fluctuations that are important for ICT products, enhance uncertainty and challenges of such an environment. In the meantime, there are successful knowledge-based companies that have continued to dominate Iranian market, and although they have been struggling with many problems, they have been able to create and maintain a good market share and continue their activities. We believe that part of the success and growth of these businesses stems from their timely action against challenges and capabilities that cannot be attributed to routine capabilities just like any other business. In such an environment, the competitive advantage is not sustainable, and small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) need tools to continue to operate and achieve market share. In order to explain the role of dynamic capabilities on the performance of SMEs, a model was developed using the literature and then, by interviewing the managers and staff of these companies, the model accuracy was examined.

Today, competitive advantage of organizations depends mostly on their access to knowledge resources. Rapid development of knowledge and expansion of knowledge resources among different organizations make it difficult for organizations to access knowledge on their own. This obliges organizations to cooperate with each other in order to acquire their knowledge needs. Statistics indicate an increase in strategic collaboration with the aim of acquiring knowledge, especially in knowledge-based industries such as the pharmaceutical industry. There is an extensive literature on factors affecting the processes of knowledge transfer and learning in collaborations; however, so far no comprehensive study has been done in this regard. This study aimed to identify and investigate factors affecting the success of knowledge transfer and learning in strategic collaborations between Iranian pharmaceutical companies. Following the detailed review of previous studies, ten factors affecting the knowledge transfer process were extracted and categorized into two categories: factors at the level of organization, and factors at the level of cooperation. Finally, the importance of them was explained using the opinions of managers of some pharmaceutical companies engaged in strategic cooperation. Results indicate that "Organizational strategy" is the most influential factor and "social capital" is the most important factor.

Currently about 20 recombinants of biopharmaceuticals are produced in Iran only after less than 20 years of the beginning of sporadic activities in this field. Iran has exceptional growth in this area which led to the emergence of an independent industry. In these twenty years several companies have been established and Iran managed to be the second ranked in the world in the production of some of the special biopharmaceuticals. In this article, we considered the emergence of the biopharma industry in Iran as a special case study and investigated the case through a qualitative exploratory study. We collected the experimental data conducting 30 exploratory semi-structured interviews and analyzed it using thematic analysis methodology. Our results show small and powerful communities among middle managers at university and government has led to the collective institutional entrepreneurship between government and academics, and this is the starting point for the emergence of the biopharma industry in Iran. In addition, the present paper shows that intermediary institutions played three important roles in the emergence of this industry in Iran: 1) Creating a state – academic society embeddedness; 2) Building community among institutional entrepreneurs; 3) Facilitating the financing processes and establishing international networks.

Drilling industry and its technical services are among the complex and advanced technology-based industries in the cycle of oil exploration and production. In this regard, the logging services role as one of the pillars of technical services is very important due to technological complexity and the importance of the results in the evaluation of oil and gas reservoirs. The complexity had caused small and medium companies in Iran not to be able to produce logging equipment by themselves due to financial and scientific constraints. Through the review of the articles and books written on this subject, this research has studied the factors affecting success in technology acquisition and then has categorized them in five dimensions as technological, technical, market, strategic, and financial factors. Next, through exploratory interviews with experts and theme analysis, the factors having the greatest impact on the acquisition of logging equipment technology have been identified and their opinion on various proposed methods in scientific resources for the acquisition of technology have been obtained. Several published methods have been reviewed; during interviews, some major effective characteristics were introduced by the experts, which could not satisfy existing methods or some principal dimensions were ignored. The results of the research and the case study of National Iranian Drilling Company show that the managed innovation network is the most appropriate method for the acquisition of the above mentioned technology for the National Iranian Drilling Company.

Nowadays, due to the complexity and uncertainty in the business environment, joining strategic alliances, as a source of innovation and gaining competitive advantage, especially for the technical and technological development or technology transfer is required more than ever. Several studies show the high rate of failure in these types of alliances. The alliance is successful at the same time as the joint ventures create a common value, and each party acquires its share of the alliance. But the main challenge comes from the value acquisition. In this paper, "the value takeover in the technological strategic alliances" has been investigated as one of the important factors influencing the success or failure of this type of alliances and is defined as "the total firm value of the union, plus the share of the firm of the joint value created." After reviewing the literature and identifying the factors affecting the dimensions of value capturing, the importance of each of these factors was examined using fuzzy best-worst method (FBWM) in the automotive industry. The results indicate that absorptive capacity, bargaining power and previous general experience of the firm are the most important factors affecting value capturing in the technological strategic alliances, and firms must focus on these factors in order to gain value from an alliance.

Leading companies are increasingly looking for solutions strategy to maintain a competitive advantage against commoditization, low growth and declining profitability in pure products market. Many companies have recognized the need to provide solutions (integrated customized products and services to satisfy customers), only a few have been able to successfully implement the process and achieve the expected results. A lot of researches have been conducted to identify the challenges and key factors to success in this process. The lack of a process model with these characteristics is the major disappointment for solutions researches. The aim of this study is to present a model to provide a solution in parent company level, using qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The resulting model consists of four phases of “standard products", "standard products providing standard services", "customized products with customized services" and "the provision of integrated customized goods and services". Organizations must change "their resources and capabilities", "goods and services", "process" and finally "strategy and orientations" to be considered as a solution provider

There are millions of social entrepreneurs known to be potentially social innovations in around the world. A careful look at the major obstacles faced by social innovators and leadership skills necessary to overcome these barriers is to play an important role in promoting the field of social innovation. The purpose of this paper is to propose such a role by exploring the exact cycle of social innovation life. In this research, a four stage model of social innovation life cycle was observed through the method of thematic analysis and after reviewing the literature of the research. Then, Fuzzy triangular Delphi technique was used to complete, modify and test the results. Of the sum of propositions, five stages of problem identification, business model, vertical and vertical change, and a comprehensive variable of leadership skills were finalized. Then, according to the research literature, the content network and experts, factors and model of explanation and suggestions are presented.

Technological Alliance is an intelligence solution in order to obtain the strategic objects of firms. While the trend of this type of collaboration is numerously increasing but also the failure rate would raise. This high rate of risk is derived from the nature of internal corporation of organization in the technological alliance. In the alliance process, the most of analytical methods and models considered into two types: relational and performance risks. In this paper, resources of risk are identified in the phases of strategic alliance process from the literature review. Then the degree of the importance and influence of the phase of alliance, in the success of alliance, is weighted in checklist made by expert panel through Delphi technique. Research method is Design Science with method output and design precision strategy that used of two Delphi panel rounds. It was resulted that risk factors in the each phases of alliance is not equal and also the equal risk factor in the alliance process phase don’t have equal weights. The aim of this paper is demonstrate flexible, dynamic and reliable method in order to Alliance Risk Assessment in which include Identify, Analysis and Evaluation of risk resources. Achieving to a structured method that enabled to predict and estimate its risk rate based on each alliance phase by the ideas of employees and beneficiaries of alliance sides, is a significant consequence of this paper.

Industrial Policy is one of the major issues of economic which has a theoretical history dating back to the eighteenth century. Industrial Policy” is a strategic effort to encourage the development and growth of the manufacturing sector of the economy. This paper reviews the evidence on emerging new trends in the sphere of industrial policy in some countries and IR. Iran. The extension of the industrial policy has been led to industrial revolution in all developed and developing countries. Interestingly, even the industrialized world; are following “new industrialization approaches”. Lack of policies in industry will disturb the balance of countries’ development. The global economic crisis provides the ground for revising all attitudes, theories and policies at service of industry. The development of industrial policy in Iran can also be realized through the programs and supreme development documents of the country will be highlighted in this research.

Maintenance process is one of the most necessary processes in every organization، whose main task is maintaining machines in desired conditions or restoring machines from non-optimal (nonoperational) conditions to optimal (operational) conditions. Machines failure would result in loss of machines availability time، and rise of both organization costs and production time. Also، it may cause irreparable damages to company. Therefore improving the performance process and as a result improving the maintenance process has been considered by experts. This paper aims to provide an answer to the question that based on the selected criteria which machine needs more precautionary maintenance (PM). This research was carried out in order to improve machines lifetime، to increase customer satisfaction and to decrease delays. In this paper، first the researchers identified the most important PM criteria in the observed factory (within 12 months in 1391(2012- 2013)). Then the MCDM method was used for prioritizing and identifying the most vital machine in the factory. At the end some solutions for preserving these machines in the highest quality level were proposed.

Competitive challenges have made it a critical need for industries to identify and choose enabling future technologies; furthermore The importance of defining a direction for an industry and the necessity of prioritizing technological investments in different subsectors demonstrate the significance of technology planning at industry level. A survey at the researches conducted in the field of technology planning at industry level shows that the methodologies employed in most researches are either extended methods of technology planning at firm level or derived from a change in the framework of technology policy making at national level. In this paper, by adopting a qualitative approach and grounded theory method and using semi-structure interviews with 40 people of academic and industrial experts from oil & gas, auto making and aerospace industry we have presented a three-level model for technology planning at industry level. At the reference level, main guidelines of technology development are chosen, and at the portfolio level, technology area portfolios that best meet the main requirements of the system are defined. At the option level of the model, the technology options that have the potential to reach the desired functional goals are selected. In the following parts of the paper and after an analysis of the extended model, recommendations for further research are accordingly presented.

The Customs Tariff is based on the World Customs Organization's (WCO) Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) and its impact of industry competitiveness is known for everyone. In this paper, by considering IRAN I.R. industries,the impact of change in custom tariff on domestic industries have been analyzed. Many models have been used to analys and evaluate the effect of change in custom tariff on domestic industries. In this paper System Dynamics(SD) approach and modeling has been used to describe this problem. By using Casual Loops(CL) and also Stock And Flow diagram(CFD), the model of problem has achived. At next step, depending on the type of variables(State variable, Rate variable, Auxiliary variable, parameters, …) the relation of variables are identified and the model is completed. At final step the model was sumilated and run by VENSIM software and the results were outcomed. This paper declares that decreasing the custom tariff will improve domestic industries competitiveness in long terms by developing the infrastructure of domestic industry for gaining more market share.

Structural and environmental complexity and also Competitive challenges make priotrizing of technology development so critical for policy makers، managers and industries planner. Although the necessity of this subject has been mentioned in literature، but there is not any specific process for technology planning at industry level. because of This theoretical gap، researches uses the technology planning models of firm level or policy making models of national level for identifying and selecting the key technologies of an industry، that both of these approaches have some deficiencies. In this paper with the aid of qualitative approach and using grounded theory methodology we propose a model consist of three level for industry technology planning. The high priorities of technology development are determined in macro level of model. In meso level the portfolio of technology areas select to respond to the critical requirement of system. In micro level، we select the technology alternatives which have the potential of responding to performance targets. After analyzing the proposed model، we suggest some research themes for future working.