simin bashardoust

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-conscious emotions between believing in a just / unjust world and forgiveness. The research design was descriptive. The sample consisted of 411 people randomly sampled from the population of health centers in Karaj in 1397 and the questionnaire of belief in a just world (Rubin & Peplau, 1973) the third revised version of the Self-awareness Emotion Scale for Adults (Tangney) , Dearing, Wagner & Gramazow, 2000) and the Forgiveness Scale (Rye, Loiacono, Folk, Olszewski, Heim & Madia, 2001). To analyze the results using path analysis by AMOS program, direct and indirect effects of variables were obtained. The results showed that belief in a fair / unfair world significantly predicts forgiveness and indirect path coefficient between belief in a fair world and positive forgiveness. And was significant (P <0.01, β = 0.055) and this indicates the mediating role of conscious emotions. The conceptual model of the research was confirmed using the data and the indicators of the model fit the confirmation of this. The results of this study show that belief in a just world leads to cognitive reconstruction and thus acts as a coping mechanism and as a positive behavioral output, can be the result of structural interaction.

The aim of this study is to identify and model the academic procrastination pattern based on the grounded theory. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a sequential-exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, the grounded theory method was used for data analysis. The participants of the study were undergraduate students at the University of Tehran who, based on their self-reports, were experiencing academic procrastination. Participants were selected using theoretical sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews.The results of the data analysis indicated that psychological factors, perfectionism, experiential avoidance, internet addiction, and cultural-social factors were identified as the main causes of academic procrastination according to the interviewees. Additionally, the most important core and peripheral factors affecting academic procrastination included delay, indifference, laziness, impulsivity, and lack of concentration. Regarding coping strategies, self-actualization and time management were identified as the main strategies for reducing academic procrastination by the interviewees. Contextual factors influencing the application of these strategies included emotion management and behavior modification. Furthermore, strategic and macro-level interventions were identified as significant intervening factors in the process of coping with academic procrastination. Ultimately, the outcomes of these coping strategies included increased academic self-efficacy and improved students’ mental health

Meaning in life by improving and affecting people's coping in the face of life crises, causes self-compassion and effective confrontation with stressors such as death anxiety. The present study aimed to formulate a structural model for predicting death anxiety based on meaning in life with the mediation of self-compassion in middle-aged employees of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch.

The research method was descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this research was made up 50 to 65-year-old employees of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch in 2023-2024, from whom 308 were selected in a non-random and convenience method. The research instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Templer Death Anxiety Scale", "Meaning in Life Questionnaire" and "Self-Compassion Scale". The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using a qualitative method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS.26 and AMOS.24.

Meaning in life negatively and significantly predicts death anxiety in middle-aged employees at the 0.01 level. Self-compassion negatively and significantly predicts death anxiety in middle-aged employees at the 0.01 level. Meaning in life negatively and significantly predicts death anxiety in middle-aged employees with the mediation of self-compassion at the 0.01 level.

Meaning in life predicts death anxiety in middle-aged employees through the mediation of self-compassion. Therefore, it is suggested that health counselors and psychologists reduce their death anxiety by holding meaning therapy and self-compassion courses for middle-aged employees.

One of the critical periods of life is aging, during which people face various physical and mental problems that affect their quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between meaning in life and quality of life through the mediating role of death anxiety. This was a descriptive correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the present study included employees and retirees aged 60 to 65 years of various offices and organizations of Tehran, Iran in 2023-2024, among whom 354 people were selected as the sample. Participants answered the Templer’s death anxiety, WHO quality of life, and Steger et al.’s meaning in life questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by SEM using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between meaning in life and quality of life with death anxiety, and a significant positive relationship between meaning in life and quality of life. In addition, the mediating role of death anxiety in the relationship between meaning in life and quality of life was confirmed (P=.001). In general, given that death anxiety affects the quality of life of older adults, addressing the issue of meaning in life in the field of counseling for older adults can help improve their quality of life.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of Husband-Keeping Behavior in the relationship between Irrational Communication Beliefs and Men's Marital Satisfaction. The method of descriptive correlation research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population was the men referred to the Aram clinic in the second half of 1401, located in the 1st district of Tehran, and among them, 357 men were selected as samples by Purposive sampling. The research tools include Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMSS, 1989), Communication Standardized Beliefs Scale(CSBS, 1982), and mate retention inventory(MRI, 2008). The data were analyzed by structural equation analysis. The findings showed a good fit of the data with the proposed research model. Husband-keeping behavior and irrational beliefs had a direct and significant effect on marital life satisfaction (p<0.001). Also, irrational beliefs with the mediation of  Husband-Keeping Behavior had an indirect and significant effect on marital life satisfaction (p<0.001).  From these findings, it can be concluded that negative Husband-Keeping Behavior and irrational beliefs related to the increase in marital complaints lead to a decrease in the satisfaction of married life, and positive Husband-Keeping Behavior leads to the strengthening of the satisfaction of married life.

The present study aims to examine the relationship of irrational relationship beliefs and sexual function with marital satisfaction in Iranian men mediated by basic psychological needs.

This is a descriptive-correlational study using structural equation modeling. Participants were 357 men who visited the Aram clinic in Tehran (District 1), Iran, in 2022, who were selected using the purposive sampling method and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To collect data, the ENRICH Marital Life Satisfaction Scale, Eidelson and Epstein’s Relationship Belief Inventory, Rosen et al.’s Male Sexual Health Questionnaire, and LaGuardia et al.’s Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale were used. were used. For statistical analysis, SEM was used in Amos software, version 24.

The results of data analysis showed irrational relationship beliefs had a negative relationship with marital satisfaction (r=-0.41; P<0.01), while sexual function (r=0.46; P<0.01) and basic psychological needs (r=0.56; P<0.01) had a positive relationship with marital satisfaction. Also, the indirect relationship between irrational relationship beliefs and marital satisfaction was negative and significant(β=-0.189, P=0.001), and the indirect relationship between sexual function and marital satisfaction was positive and significant (β=0.116, P=0.001).

Irrational relationship beliefs and sexual function are associated with the marital satisfaction of men through basic psychological needs. Therefore, changing irrational beliefs, improving sexual function, and satisfying basic psychological needs in men can lead to improved marital satisfaction.

 This study aimed to present a structural model of the quality of life for the elderly based on self-care with the mediating role of social support.

 The research employed a correlational design using structural equation modeling. The study population consisted of individuals aged 60 to 75 years living in urban homes in Tehran, with 314 participants selected as the research sample. The data collection tools included the Iranian version of the Phillips Social Support Questionnaire (1986), the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (1989), and the Elderly Self-care Questionnaire by Younesi et al. (2020). The statistical technique used was a full latent variable structural equation model, and the data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, AMOS version 24, and R software version 4.3.1. Examination of the model fit indices indicated that the model overall is in excellent condition for explaining and fitting the data.

 The results showed that both social support and self-care have a significant positive effect on the quality of life variable for the elderly. Moreover, the self-care variable also has a significant positive impact on the social support variable at a 95% confidence level. Additionally, the self-care variable significantly affects the quality of life of the elderly through the mediating variable of social support.

 According to the findings of this study, the mediating role of social support can play a significant role in examining changes in the quality of life of the elderly. It is recommended that the importance of social support be emphasized and taught in elderly care centers and other counseling and guidance centers.

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in explaining the causal relationship between death anxiety and quality of life in middle-aged adults. The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included employees aged 50 to 65 years from Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran during 2022–2023. A total of 308 individuals were selected through a non-random convenience sampling method. The research instruments included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1989), the Death Anxiety Scale developed by Templer (1970), and the Self-Compassion Scale by Raes et al. (2011). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that quality of life directly affects death anxiety, and death anxiety can be explained through quality of life. Additionally, self-compassion plays a significant role in explaining and predicting the level of death anxiety. Quality of life, in addition to its direct effect on death anxiety, also has an indirect effect through the mediating role of self-compassion. Based on the findings of this study, there is a significant direct and indirect relationship between quality of life and death anxiety, mediated by self-compassion. It is recommended that the components of quality of life and self-compassion be considered in the assessment and explanation of death anxiety among the elderly and various groups in society. By enhancing these two variables, death anxiety can be mitigated.

Cancer patients face many challenges. They are trying to use spiritual approaches to adapt to these challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a spiritual health promotion package based on the basic beliefs of kidney cancer patients in Tehran.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population was all people with kidney cancer who were members of the Tehran Kidney Cancer Society in 2022-2023, and 30 people were selected in a targeted way and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The health promotion package based on spiritual prosperity was implemented in the experimental group. Catlin and Epstein's (1992) Basic Beliefs Questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and variance analysis or repeated measurement.

The results indicate that the mean scores of the patients' basic beliefs between the experimental and control groups have a significant difference (P<0.001) and the spiritual health promotion package based on prosperity increases the patients' basic beliefs in patients with kidney cancer in a stable manner (P<0.001).

According to the results, the spiritual health promotion package can be effective in improving the basic beliefs of kidney cancer patients.

It is important to identify the causes of risky behaviors in adolescents, which may occur for different reasons. The research aimed to predict risky behaviors in adolescents based on anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal trust with the mediation of self-acceptance.Research The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents aged 14 to 18 years in Tehran in the academic year of 2017-2018, from which 500 people were selected by convenience sampling from schools. The study tools included the Risky Behaviors Questionnaire by Mohammadkhani; Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire by Chamberlain & Haaga, Anxiety Sensitivity Index by Reiss et al., and Mental Toughness Questionnaire by Clough et al. (2002). For data analysis, structural equation modeling was used. The path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and risky behaviors with the mediation of conditional acceptance (β=.074) and the path coefficient between anxiety sensitivity and risky behaviors with the mediation of unconditional acceptance (β=.087) was positive and significant. The path coefficient between interpersonal trust and risky behaviors with the mediation of conditional acceptance (β=-.034) and the path coefficient between interpersonal trust and risky behaviors with the mediation of unconditional acceptance (β=-.054) was negative and significant. The results of the present study showed that self-acceptance mediates the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal trust with risky behaviors in adolescents. It is suggested to reduce the occurrence of risky behaviors by giving value to adolescents and creating reliable links for them. It is also suggested to pay attention to the level of anxiety sensitivity of adolescents with high-risk behavior in counseling and psychotherapy.

The aim of this research was to provide a structural model of the quality of life of the elderly based on general health and demographic characteristics with the mediating role of social support. This research was a structural equation model correlation with practical goals. The statistical population in this study included 60 to 75-year-olds living in urban houses in Tehran, of which 314 people were selected as a research sample. The data collection tool was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Iranian version of the Phillips Social Support Questionnaire (1986) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1989). The statistical technique used was the method of structural equation model of complete latent variable type, and data analysis was done using Spss software version 26, Amos software version 24 and R software version 4.3.1. Examining the fit indices of the model showed that overall, the model has a very good condition in terms of explanation and fit. The obtained results showed that the variables of social support, general health, number of children and number of years of marriage have a significant positive effect on social support in old age. It is also necessary to mention the effect of variables of general health, social status, gender, number of children and number of years of marriage on the quality of life in old age indirectly with the mediating role of social support. According to the findings of this research, it can be said that the mediating role of social support can be particularly important in examining the changes in the quality of life of the elderly, and it is suggested that in care centers for the elderly as well as other counseling and guidance centers, the importance of social support Emphasis and education should be placed.

 Nurses should be able to make accurate and appropriate clinical judgments about the health status of patients by combining their technical skills and professional knowledge. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style in clinical decision-making with the mediation of self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence in the nursing staff of Rasht hospitals.

 This descriptive-correlational study was conducted using the structural equation model with the participation of 364 nurses of Intensive care units in Rasht hospitals. The sampling method was random cluster sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires including nurses' clinical decision making, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy in clinical practice, critical thinking style, and self-confidence. The structural equation modeling method used for data analysis by AMOS-22 software.

 Findings were the total path coefficient (sum of direct and indirect path coefficients) between emotional intelligence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.442), between critical thinking style and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.335), between self-efficacy beliefs and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.325), between self-confidence and clinical decision-making pattern (P<0.001, β=0.243) and the indirect effect between emotional intelligence (P<0.001, β=0.154), and critical thinking style (P<0.001, β=0.188) on the pattern of positive clinical decision-making and It was meaningful. Emotional intelligence, critical thinking, self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence explain a total of 59% of the variance of the decision-making pattern in nurses.

 The study showed that self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making among Rasht hospitals' nursing staff. Self-efficacy beliefs and self-confidence increased the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking style with clinical decision-making.

The aim of this study was to provide a structural model for predicting mental disorders based on time perspective mediated by feelings of psychological cohesion and cognitive flexibility.

The method of the present study was descriptive and the correlational research design was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran who were studying in the academic year 2020-21, from them 387 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) Questionnaire ٫Time perspective Zimbardo & Boyed (1999) Questionnaire٫ the Feelings of Mental Cohesion Flensburg (2006) Questionnaire, and the Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010). Research data were analyzed using SEM structural equations using Amos software.

 The results showed٫ among all components of time perspective٫ past negative٫ present fatalistic and feelings of psychological cohesion with positive mental disorders٫ and components future٫ present hedonistic and past positive of time perspective and cognitive flexibility with negative mental disorders٫ is significant (P<0.01). Also feeling of psychological cohesion and cognitive flexibility significantly mediates the effect of time perspective on mental disorder (P<0.01). Time perspective٫ sense of psychological cohesion, and cognitive flexibility account for a total of 65% of the variance in psychological distress.

It can be concluded that the structural model of predicting mental disturbance based on time perspective with the mediation of psychological coherence and cognitive flexibility of male and female students is appropriate.

Psychological distress in the description of individual psychopathology refers to a set of symptoms of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and maladaptive psychological functioning at the level of stressful life events. Anxiety, stress, and depression are some of the biggest problems in human life today, and having countless negative consequences can disrupt the ordinary course of life from various personal, social, occupational, family, economic, and other dimensions. Current studies show that early painful experiences make a person susceptible to various psychological damages in adulthood, including anxiety, stress, and depression. Trauma is an event or experience that is emotionally disturbing and destructive and interferes with a person's ability to cope. In the meantime, the issue that comes to mind is that alexithymia can play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress. Alexithymia refers to the inability to self-regulate emotions and process cognitive information, emotional information, and emotion regulation. Based on this and considering the high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among people and its role in reducing performance and the need to investigate the dimensions and factors involved in this problem, this study aimed to determine the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between psychological distress and childhood trauma in students.

The research method was descriptive correlational, in which the relationship between research variables is analyzed through path analysis. This model used psychological distress as independent variables, alexithymia as mediated variables, and childhood trauma as dependent variables. The statistical population included all students between the ages of 20 and 40 in Tehran, Iran, in the academic year 2019. The sample of this study included 305 students in Tehran who were voluntarily selected. The criteria for entering the research were: being a 20 and 40- years-old student in Tehran, signing informed consent to participate in the research, and having knowledge about the research goals. Besides, the criteria for exclusion were: having a history of psychiatric disorder, physical illness, and disability affecting a person's life. In order to observe the ethical principles of the research, all subjects received information about the research. Participants were assured that all information would remain confidential and only be used for research purposes. For privacy reasons, the subjects' details were not recorded. In the end, all of them received informed consent. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (1988), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (1995), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1994) were used to measure the research variables. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and the Pearson correlation using SPSS software version 24. To evaluate the fit of the structural equation model (In the method of structural equations, multivariate normality is one of the essential assumptions that must be considered. In this study, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the assumption of normality) several indicators include: Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis (TLI), Bentler–Bonett normed fit index (NFI (were used by AMOS-26 software. In this study, a significance level of less than 0.01 was considered.

The average age of the participant group was 32.19 (standard deviation=10.82). Fifty-four participants were 25 years old and younger. Approximately 48.2% of the participants (147 people) were in the age range of 26 to 35, and 23.6% were in the age range of 36 to 45 years (72 people). First, the normality of data distribution was checked and confirmed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test (P<0.05). The results showed the correlation coefficient between childhood trauma with depression (0.51), anxiety (0.49) and stress (0.36), alexithymia with depression (0.47), anxiety (0.49) and stress (0.49), and the correlation coefficient between childhood trauma and alexithymia (0.29) is significant at the 0.01 level. According to the evaluation indicators of model Fit, especially the ratio of the Chi-square value to the degree of freedom equal to 1.87, GFI index equal to 0.92, AGFI index equal to 0.92, CFI index equal to 0.99, TLI index equal to with 0.86, IFI index equal to 0.93, NFI index equal to 0.94 and RMSEA index equal to 0.005, it can be said that the model has a good fit. The coefficient of the direct path of childhood trauma to anxiety (P≥0.001, β=0.38) and alexithymia to anxiety (P≥0.001, β=0.38) is significant at a level less than 0.001. The coefficient of the direct path of childhood trauma to depression (P≥0.001, β=0.41) and alexithymia to depression (P≥0.001, β=0.36) is significant at the level of 0.001. The coefficient of the direct path of childhood trauma to stress (P≥0.001, β=0.24) and alexithymia to stress (P≥0.001, β=0.41) is significant at the level of 0.001. Childhood trauma and alexithymia explain a total of 29% of the variance of the anxiety variable. Childhood trauma and alexithymia explain a total of 29% of the variance of the depression variable, childhood trauma, and alexithymia together explain 25% of the variance of the stress variable.

In general, the results of the present study showed that trauma experience could predict anxiety, depression, and stress in students through the mediation of alexithymia. Indeed, the results of the present study show that the experience of trauma, and emotional distress increases the prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression in the studied students. In the end, two categories of theoretical and practical consequences can be mentioned in the current research. At the level of theoretical implications, the findings of this research can lead to the development of knowledge in the field of factors affecting the creation and continuation of anxiety, stress, and depression disorders. At the level of practical consequences, it is recommended to investigate alexithymia and trauma experience in people with anxiety, stress and depression disorders, because these psychological variables make the treatment and recovery process difficult for these people. Among   the research limitations, this study can mention the use of only the questionnaire, the limited population, and the cross-sectional statistical sample of the research. Therefore, using other assessment methods such as interviews and observations along with questionnaires, the expansion of the statistical population and sample, and longitudinal studies can more appropriately explain the reasons for psychological distress.
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
In order to comply with the ethical principles of the research, all subjects received information about the research. They were assured that all information would remain confidential and only be used for research purposes. In order to respect privacy, the details of the subjects were not recorded. In the end, informed consent was obtained from all of them. Notably, this research has the code of ethics IR.IAUBA.REC.1397.046 from the Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch, Iran.
Authors’ contributions
Mahsa Mahmoudi & Haydeh Saberi: Defined the concepts in choosing the subject and designing the study. Haydeh Saberi: Performed a search of the research literature and background. Mahsa Mahmoudi: Collected and analyzed data. Simin Bashardoust. Writing and drafting: All authors discussed the results and participated in preparing and editing the article’s final version.
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from the public, commercial, or non- profit funding agencies. This research was extracted from the PhD Thesis of the first author, in the Department of Psychology, faculty of psychology, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Acknowledgments
In the end, the authors are grateful to all participants in the research and all those who have facilitated the implementation of the research.
Conflict of Interest
The author declared no conflict of interest.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dark triad of personality and cold empathy mediated by cognitive-emotional theory in individuals with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. The present study is an applied study with a descriptive-survey nature. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students with symptoms of borderline personality disorder in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2019-2020. Based on the available sampling method, 115 people were selected for the final analysis by obtaining a cut-off score in the Borderline Personality Disorder Questionnaire. In order to collect data, Borderline Personality Questionnaire, Quadruple Dark Personality Questionnaire , Bahr Empathy Scale , Slip Detection Test and Adult Form of Revised Eye Test were used. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between dark personality traits and cold empathy; however, there is a significant relationship between dark personality traits and emotional and cognitive mind theory and dark personality traits have an indirect effect on cold empathy through mediation of emotional and cognitive mind theory. Based on the findings, it is inferred that the ability of mind theory can be used to influence the empathy of people with dark personality traits.

The aim of this study was to provide a structural model for predicting mental disorders based on intolerance of uncertainty mediated by feelings of psychological cohesion and cognitive flexibility.

The method of the present study was descriptive and the correlational research design was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study consisted of all undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran who were studying in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 387 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Lovind and Lavind (1995) Questionnaire, the Freeston et al. (1994) Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire (1994), the Flensburg (2006) Feelings of Mental Cohesion Questionnaire, and the Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010). شد. Research data were analyzed using SEM structural equations using Amos software. Significance level in this study was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the indirect path coefficient between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological turmoil is significant through the feeling of psychological cohesion and positive cognitive flexibility. Based on this, it was concluded that the feeling of psychological cohesion and cognitive flexibility positively and significantly mediates the effect of uncertainty intolerance on mental disorder. This suggests that intolerance of uncertainty, a sense of psychological cohesion, and cognitive flexibility account for a total of 63% of the variance in psychological distress.

Individuals with alexithymia have a limited ability to adapt to stressful situations, leading to high levels of psychological distress, anxiety, and stress symptoms.

This study aimed to investigate the role of insecure attachment in psychological distress within Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran in 2020 by mediating alexithymia.

The structural equation modeling (SEM) was used as the primary research method in this study. The study population included all university students between 20- and 40-years old studying at the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran in the 2019 - 20 academic year. A total of 305 students was selected as samples using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Several research tools were used, including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The data were analyzed using a correlation matrix in SPSS statistical software Version 24 and structural equation modeling (SEM) in Amos-26.

The results indicated that the insecure attachment style had a direst positive effect on the states of psychological distress (anxiety, stress, and depression) (P < 0.001). Alexithymia also played amediating role in insecure attachment affecting psychological distress (P < 0.001).

Results revealed in the correlation between insecure attachment and states of psychological distress mediated by the alexithymia. Given the importance of attachment style and alexithymia in the development of anxiety, stress, and depression, therapists are recommended to take these variables into account.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pattern of death anxiety based on emotional empathy mediated by spirituality in middle-aged individuals. Statistical population was all male and female referring to health home in the age range of 45-65 years. The sample size was Klein method and 464 individuals were selected by multistage random sampling. And completed the Templar Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1970), Batson's Emotional Empathy Questionnaire (1983), and Spirituality (2009). Direct and indirect effects of variables were obtained by using path analysis using AMOS program. There was also a negative correlation between spirituality and death anxiety, at the 0.01 level (β = -0.482, p <0.01). The indirect path coefficient was also significant between emotional empathy and negative death anxiety at the level of 0.01 (β = -0.263, p <0.01). And 29% of the variance of death anxiety was explained by the variables in the model and it was concluded that spirituality affects emotional empathy and death anxiety and mediates negatively and significantly. Therefore, the anxiety of death must be viewed as an interactive and all-encompassing consideration.

The purpose of this study was to modeling structural modeling structural prediction of online games addiction based on HEXACO personality and parent-child relationships with role mediator impulsivity. The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of all statistical population of the present study was female students of high school in Tehran city in year academic 1399-1400 to 125110 people. In this study, according to convenience sampling method (online method), 400 female students by formula Kline (2016) were selected as samples and they were asked to online game addiction inventory (OGAI) of Whang and Chang (2002), 24-item brief HEXACO inventory (24-BHI) of De Vries (2013), parent-child relationship inventory (PCRI) of Fine and et al (1983) and Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS) of Patton and et al (1995). Then the proposed model was analyzed through structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that direct paths HEXACO personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness), mother-child relationships and impulsivity on online games addiction were significant. Also, direct paths conscientiousness and father-child relationships on online games addiction were not significant. The indirect HEXACO personality and parent-child relationships with online games addiction through mediating role impulsivity were significant. The structural model of research was fit and satisfactory with research data and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in online games addiction in students.

Spiritual well-being is the fundamental dimension of health that integrates the other dimensions (physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual) and is dynamically reflected in four domains of self, others, environment, and a superior being. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative affects in the relationships of moral disengagement and spiritual well-being in university students in Tehran.

The statistical population of this descriptive correlational study comprised all students of universities in Tehran in the academic year 2020-2021. A sample of 301 students (199 females and 102 males) was selected via convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Spiritual Well Being Scale (SWBS), the Moral Disengagement Questionnaire, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation method and path analysis.

There was a significant correlation between the components of moral disengagement, positive and negative affects, and the components of spiritual well-being (P<0.001). The findings revealed that the path between negative affects and spiritual well-being was significant and negative, and that between positive affects and spiritual well-being was significant and positive (P<0.001). The total path coefficient between moral disengagement and spiritual well-being was significant and negative, and the indirect path coefficient between moral disengagement and spiritual well-being was significant and negative (P<0.001). Positive and negative affects, therefore, significantly and negatively mediate the relationship between moral disengagement and spiritual well-being (P<0.001).

According to the results, spiritual well-being can thus be promoted through training to prevent moral disengagement both directly and as mediated by positive and negative affects.

One of the basic human needs that plays a vital role in sustainable development is mental health. In the digital age, Internet addiction is a threat to mental health. So this study aimed at validating the treatment entry questionnaire for Tehran University students in 2019.

Participants were 324 undergraduate and postgraduate students of state universities in Tehran, who were selected through one-step cluster random sampling. All participants completed the Urbanoski and Wild’s (2012) Treatment Entry Questionnaire, the Miler and Tonigan (1996) Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, and the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire.

Data were analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis model. Confirmatory factor analysis of the data showed that the three-factor structure of the identified, intrinsic, and extrinsic treatment motivation has a good fit, and the validity of the scale was confirmed by face and content validity. Convergent validity evidence confirmed the positive relationship between identified, intrinsic, and extrinsic treatment motivation with subscales of recognition, taking the step, and ambivalence of the Readiness for Change and Treatment Motivation scale. Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess the reliability of the whole scale (0.95) and each subscale of identified motivation (0.94), intrinsic motivation (0.89), and extrinsic motivation (0.86).

The results showed that the Persian version of the treatment entry scale for the student population has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in psychological research.

Sexual addiction is a mental disorder with unpleasant personal, interpersonal, legal, social and physical consequences. Sexual addiction is mainly rooted in unpleasant experiences in the family and in childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experience of self-concept and childhood traumas of people with sexual addiction disorder.

In the qualitative part of this study, 10 patients with sex addiction in Tehran city were selected in 2022 by purposive sampling method. In the present study, the revised sex addiction screening test by Carnes et al. (2010) was used for screening. In the qualitative part, the method proposed by Van Manen (2016) was used for data analysis.

The results in the qualitative part were categorized into 4 main themes "denial", "punishment for more resilience", "despair against hope" and "negative self-concept" and 9 sub-themes.

These results have important implications of the role of unpleasant experiences in the family on the sexual behavior of people in the later years of life. So that those who have negative self-concept and more childhood trauma are more prone to sexual addiction disorder.

The aim of the present study was to provide a model for prediction of addiction to social Media based on tendency toward narcissistic personality and the need to communicate with mediation the approval of students. The descriptive research method and a sample of correlation schemes. The statistical population included all male and female high school students living in Tehran, and 300 students were selected applying multi-stage cluster method. Research tools include: We employed the questionnaire of the tendency and extent of application of Momeni and Taghi Lou social Media (2016), Narcissist Personality Questionnaire,40-item version (NPI-40) (1988), Relationship Scale of primary needs:DC& Ryan (2011), the Confirmation Scale of the Questionnaire Ineffective Attitudes Ebrahimi et al. (2008).

The research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics indicators including mean, standard deviation, correlation and path analysis.

The conclusion was that the hypothetical research model was well-adapted using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the main research hypothesis was confirmed.

In the military workplace, burnout has been considered by researchers but its relationship with the resilient mind and personal values has been neglected. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the structural equation modeling approach in explaining the relationship between resilient mind and personal values with burnout.

The method of this research was descriptive and one of the examples of correlation schemes. In this study, 400 people (382 men and 18 women) from the military working in the army air force headquarters participated as a research sample. Participants were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire (1991), the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire (1991), the Klaf Mental Strength Questionnaire (MTQ-48), and Sherry and Verma Personal Values (PVQ). The obtained data were analyzed by structural equation method.

The results showed that the fit indices of the research model were in good condition (GFI <0.9) and resilient mind plays a mediating role in the relationship between personal values and burnout.

The results show that personal values, with the mediation of a resilient mind, predict the rate of burnout.

Spiritual well-being is crucial in human health and reduces anxiety and depression. Therefore, identifying its underlying variables can improve individuals’ health.

This study aimed to predict a model of spiritual well-being based on belief in a just world mediated by positive and negative effects in university students of Tehran.

Thiswasa descriptive correlation study performed through path analysis. The statistical population consisted of students studying at different universities of Tehran during 2020 - 2021. The research sample comprised 301 university students (199 female and 102 male). The participants completed the SpiritualWell-Being Scale, Belief in a JustWorld Scale, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The model was evaluated using path analysis in AMOS 24.0.

The results showed that the path coefficient between positive affect and spiritual well-being was positive and significant, and the path coefficient between negative affect and spiritual well-being was negative and significant (P < 0.001). The total path coefficient between the belief in a just world (BJW) and spiritual well-being was positive and significant, and the path coefficient between the belief in an unjust world (BUW) and spiritual well-being was negative and significant (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant positive indirect path coefficient between BJW and spiritual well-being (P < 0.001). Accordingly, the positive and negative affects played positive mediating roles between BJW and spiritual well-being.

Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that BJW, positive effects, and strengthening them can enhance the level of spiritual well-being and reduce the students’ negative effect, anxiety, and depression levels.