zohreh raeisi

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sexual function and quality of life in women with hypothyroidism.

The study was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of women with hypothyroidism who visited the Endocrinology Clinic of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the second half of 2023. From this population, 45 participants were selected through accessible sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental group of compassion-focused therapy (15 participants), the experimental group of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (15 participants), and the control group (15 participants). Data collection tools included the Rosen and colleagues (2000) Female Sexual Function Questionnaire and the World Health Organization (1996) Quality of Life Questionnaire. The compassion-focused therapy group received Gilbert’s (2009) intervention package, while the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group received Crane’s (2009) intervention package for eight 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the LSD post-hoc test.

The results indicated a significant difference in the effectiveness of the two therapeutic approaches on sexual function in women with hypothyroidism. According to the post-hoc test, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had a significantly greater effect on improving sexual function than compassion-focused therapy. However, no significant difference was found between the two therapies in terms of their impact on quality of life.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be considered a useful therapeutic strategy for improving the psychological condition of women with hypothyroidism.

The aim of this study was to create checklists for discovering, designing, and developing activities and games related to visual art and music talent in children aged 4-6 years, based on Piirto's Talent Development Pyramid. This research is qualitative in nature, and the method used for analysis was thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke (2006). After reviewing the literature and extracting codes and analyzing them for each area of visual art and music talent in children, two themes were selected: discovery and development of talent. The themes related to visual art talent development in children included 35 main themes and 96 sub-themes, while those related to music talent development included 20 main themes and 68 sub-themes. The development of visual art and music talent, based on Piirto's Talent Development Pyramid, in preschool children, provides practical components and necessary validity for the discovery of tools, games, and activities aimed at nurturing children's talents. Utilizing Piirto's Talent Development Pyramid to discover and foster children's visual art and music talents not only helps in identifying and developing specific abilities but also promotes the overall growth of their social skills, creativity, and self-confidence. This process aids children in entering the world of art and music naturally and with enjoyment, laying the foundation for their talent development in later stages of life. Therefore, it is recommended that this package be used by parents and educators in training centers to identify and nurture children's visual art talents.

 The present study aimed to present a structural model of psychological maladjustment based on post-traumatic stress symptoms with the mediating role of ego strength in individuals suffering from chronic pain.

 The research method was descriptive, correlational, and structural equation modeling was used. The study population included all patients suffering from chronic pain who had visited specialized pain clinics in Tehran from February 2021 to May 2021. Using the Tabachnick and Fidell (2007) formula, the sample size was determined to be 330, selected through convenience sampling. Research instruments included the Psychological Adjustment Questionnaire (Rohner & Khaleque, 2005), the Mississippi Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (1998), and the Psychological Ego Strength Scale (Markstrom et al., 1997). Data analysis was conducted in two parts: descriptive (central and dispersion indices, skewness, and kurtosis) and inferential (structural equation modeling) using SPSS-V23 and LISREL-V8.8 software.

 The results indicated that the model has a good fit. Additionally, the results showed that there is a significant direct and indirect relationship (mediated by ego strength) between post-traumatic stress and psychological maladjustment in individuals with chronic pain. The results suggest that the effect of post-traumatic stress indirectly influences psychological maladjustment positively through ego strength, with a magnitude of 0.81.

 Therefore, through individual and group therapy sessions, assistance should be provided to patients with chronic pain suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, enabling them to fairly assess their functioning in life, free the individual from potential guilt at the time of the incident, and the lack of positive individual performance. Thus, by increasing ego strength and reducing avoidance behaviors, a lesser degree of psychological maladjustment can be expected in the individual.

Injurious mood disorder is a type of mood disorder that causes serious psychological and physical harm to children and their parents, which requires intervention and attention. Therefore, the research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of filial therapy and attachment-based play therapy on parenting exhaustion of mothers with children with symptoms of destructive mood disorder.

It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with the control group. A number of 45 mothers with children with symptoms of self-inflicted mood disorder were selected from the counseling centers of Isfahan city by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The experimental group received one filial-therapy intervention and the experimental group received two attachment-oriented game therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools included the questionnaire of destructive mood disorder and parenting burnout. The data were analyzed through analysis of variance with repeated measurements.

The results showed that both filial-therapy and attachment-based play therapy interventions on the dimensions of mothers' parenting burnout in the post-test and follow-up stage had a significant difference with the control group (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the intervention of philiatherapy and attachment attachment in the post-test and follow-up stages on the dimensions of parenting burnout (P<0.001).

filial therapy and attachment-based play therapy interventions can reduce parenting burnout in mothers with children with symptoms of abusive mood disorder

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of emotion-focused psychotherapy on perceived stress and psychological well-being in patients with corona anxiety during the pandemic.

Methods and Materials: 

This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and a control group, along with a three-month follow-up period. The study population consisted of individuals suffering from corona anxiety who had contacted counseling centers in Isfahan for telephone counseling during the summer of 2021. Out of the study population, 33 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Participants in the experimental group received emotion-focused psychotherapy over two months. The instruments used in this research included the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983) (PSS), the Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Ryff, 1988) (PWBQ), and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour et al., 2019) (CDAS). The data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with SPSS version 23.

The results indicated that emotion-focused psychotherapy had a significant effect on perceived stress (P<0.0001; Eta=0.59; F=44.99) and psychological well-being (P<0.0001; Eta=0.68; F=66.28) in patients with corona anxiety.

Based on the findings of the current study, emotion-focused psychotherapy, utilizing techniques of emotional awareness, emotional experience, regulation, transformation, and change, can be an effective method for reducing perceived stress and improving psychological well-being in patients with corona anxiety.

This study aimed to model the structure of psychological maladjustment based on resilience with the mediating role of ego strength in patients suffering from chronic pain.

Methods and Materials: 

Given its purpose, this research is applied in nature, quantitative in its data collection method, and descriptive in its analysis, employing correlational design and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. The study population comprised all patients with chronic pain who visited specialized pain clinics in Tehran from February 2021 to May 2022. Using the Tabachnick and Fidell (2007) formula, a sample size of 330 was determined and selected via convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Psychological Adjustment Questionnaire (Rohner & Khaleque, 2005), the Resilience Scale (Connor-Davidson, 2003), and the Psychological Ego Strength Questionnaire (Marcia et al., 1997). Data analysis was performed in two stages: descriptive (central tendency and dispersion indices, skewness, and kurtosis) and inferential (structural equation modeling), using SPSS-V23 and LISREL-V8.8 software.

The results showed that the model fits well. Additionally, the results indicated a significant direct and indirect (through the mediating role of ego strength) relationship between resilience and psychological maladjustment in patients with chronic pain. The impact of resilience on psychological maladjustment, mediated by ego strength, was negatively significant at a rate of 0.95.

Considering the findings of this study, it can be concluded that ego strength, as a psychological capacity, and resilience are effective on social interactions and functioning. It is suggested that to improve the psychological adjustment of patients with chronic pain, efforts should be made to foster ego strength and resilience training.

 This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based psychotherapy on functional flexibility and health hardiness in patients with coronavirus anxiety during the epidemic.

 This research utilized a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test design, including a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised individuals with coronavirus anxiety who contacted counseling centers in Isfahan for telephone consultations during the summer of 2021. From this population, 33 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group received mindfulness-based psychotherapy (8 sessions) based on Kabat-Zinn's protocol (2003) over two months. The questionnaires used in this study included the Functional Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), the Health Hardiness Questionnaire (Gibbhardt, VanderDerf, & Powell, 2001), and the Coronavirus Anxiety Questionnaire (Alipour et al., 2019). Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with SPSS23 statistical software.

 The results indicated that mindfulness-based psychotherapy significantly impacted functional flexibility (P<0.0001; Eta=0.62; F=52.32) and health hardiness (P<0.0001; Eta=0.65; F=55.09) in patients with coronavirus anxiety.

 Based on the findings of the present study, mindfulness-based psychotherapy, utilizing techniques such as mindful attitude, mindful activities, addressing problematic emotions, and breathing exercises, can be effectively used to improve functional flexibility and health hardiness in patients with coronavirus anxiety.

In this report, mixed matrix membranes which are supported by polyethersulfone and sulfonated polyethersulfone prepared for dehydration of isopropanol. The prepared membranes are composed of a porous sublayer from polyethersulfone/sulfonated polyethersulfone and a composite top layer of poly(vinyl alcohol) and titanate nanotubes. In fact, hydrothermally-synthesized titanate nanotubes are dispersed in poly(vinyl alcohol). Moreover, the sulfonated polyethersulfone are used to investigate the effects of the porous sublayer on mass transport and the separation performance of the membranes. Next, the ability of the prepared membranes were studied for pervaporation separation of 90 wt% aqueous isopropanol mixture at 50 . The obtained results indicate that the thickness and chemical properties of the support have had a significant influence on pervaporation results. Totally, decreasing the difference between hydrophilicity of top layer and support has resulted in formation of an ideal interface between the layers. Furthermore, the presence of sulfone groups in interface, formation of hydrogen bounds among hydroxyl groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) and sulfone groups of the sublayer are responsible for enhanced compatibility between the layers. As a result, selective separation of water through the membranes was obtained. In addition, the results indicated that the support led to existence of an additional mass transport in isopropanol dehydration as well as requiring the physical support for the resultant membranes. The obtained results showed that when 4 wt% titanate nanotubes were dispersed in poly(vinyl alcohol) which was supported by sulfonated polyethersulfone the flux and separation factor were about  0.29 kg/m2 h and 4828, respectively.

Depression and blood pressure are the common disorders in the elderly and are effective in beginning and intensifying each other, so that mental disorders are the fourth main cause of death in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the structural model of the relationship between depression and blood pressure with the mediation of nutritional habits in the elderly.

This research was a descriptive study based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The research population included all the elderly people who referred to the health center of Falavarjan City, Iran, in 2019-2020, and 360 of them were selected by convenience sampling. Research tools included nutritional habits questionnaire, elderly depression questionnaire, and the Integrated Health System (SIB). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics tests in AMOS and SPSS software.

According to the regression coefficient of -0.266 and the critical value of -3.57 and P = 0.051, the variable of nutritional habits can play the role of a mediating variable between the predictor variable of depression and the criterion variable of blood pressure and can explain it. In fact, the model had the ability to predict and fit.

According to the results of this research based on the relationship between depression, blood pressure, and nutritional habits in the elderly, simultaneous attention to somatic and psychological problems is necessary. Therefore, planning to diagnose and treat depression and its factors on time can be effective in improving health in the elderly, especially improving their mental health.

Nowadays, cosmetic surgeries are one of the most common surgeries all over the world, and the number of applicants of such surgeries is increasingly growing (1). Most of the researchers agree that the main factors involved in the tendency to cosmetic surgeries include the problems related to body image and low life satisfaction and self-esteem. These factors suggest the important role of the psychological factors in the individuals’ tendency to cosmetic surgeries (3). Explaining the theories related to emotion regulation strategies, Aldao et al. suggested that emotion regulation dysfunctions can cause significant psychological outcomes (4). In general, interpersonal emotion regulation and applying that in human relationships can be useful for self-awareness and awareness of the others’ emotions, restraint, communicating with the other people, and positive use of the emotions in thinking and cognition (5). According to the results of a study, there is a significant relationship between the nose job applicants and the control group members in terms of emotion regulation; so that the nose job applicants got lower scores of emotion regulation (6). Also, another study suggested that emotional instability, a poor body image and tendency to cosmetic surgery can be predicted by emotional distress and emotional instability (7). Perceived social support has positive effects on mental health. Social support is a way of categorizing the social rewards under special conditions. Social support is defined as the companionship and attention received from the family members, friends, and other people (8). According to studies, people with a poor body image are usually introverted and they report the significant symptoms of social anxiety (9). However, social support is an important variable affecting the intensity of the body image symptoms (10). Ata et al. reported that emotional support of the family members can be a protection against the impacts of the media and friends. Finally, the perceived support of the friends can intensify the negative body image (11). It is normal to use the cosmetic surgeries to improve the physical problems (12). However, excessive cosmetic surgeries indicate a negative behavior. The demand for cosmetic surgeries has been increasingly growing in recent years, and such surgeries can cause severe physical and financial consequences that are irreparable in most cases. So, it is necessary to investigate the individual and social dimensions of this phenomenon in terms of psychological issues. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between interpersonal emotion regulation and social support with the tendency to cosmetic surgery.

The present research is a descriptive correlation research. The population includes all the applicants of cosmetic surgery referring to the Khane Sefid, Erfan, and Dr. Nilforoushzadeh Clinics of Tehran from June 21th, 2020 until July 22th, 2020. According to the statistics of the applicants in the past year, it was found that the average number of applicants referring to the mentioned clinics is about 780 to 900 people. In order to increase the generalizability of the results, the average population was considered as 900 cases per month. Based on the Krejcie-Morgan table (13), the minimum sample size to represent the population was determined as 269 people. However, the sample size was considered 360 people to decrease the sample decline. So, 120 people were selected from each of the mentioned clinics. Data collection was done by three standard questionnaires, including Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. Meanwhile, a general checklist including the demographic information (age, gender, marriage duration, the number of children, employment status, education level, the monthly income, and the record of cosmetic surgery) was distributed among the subjects. Data analysis was done by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise linear regression in SPSS-19 software.

In this research, 360 questionnaires were distributed among the subjects. However, 322 complete questionnaires were collected. The participation rate was estimated as 98.44%. The average age of the participants was 20-60 years with the mean (standard deviation) of 37.80 (9.27). According to the results of Pearson test, there was a significant negative correlation between cosmetic surgery and interpersonal emotion regulation (r= -0.304) and perceived social support (r= -0.338) (P˂0.05). According to the regression analysis, perceived social support could explain 0.11 of the variance of cosmetic surgery tendency. Meanwhile, with the inclusion of the interpersonal emotion regulation in the equation, the multiple correlation coefficient was increased to 0.16. According to the findings, perceived social support and interpersonal emotion regulation had a negative correlation with cosmetic surgery tendency with the respective coefficients of -0.28 and -0.23. Based on the results of t-test and its significance level, the obtained coefficients are significant. According to the β values of the mentioned variables, in the case of constant conditions for the remaining variables, a unit increase of the mentioned variables can lead to the increase of the cosmetic surgery tendency score by -0.28 and -0.23. In other words, perceived social support and interpersonal emotion regulation are effective in the tendency to cosmetic surgery.

It was found that the perceived social support and interpersonal emotion regulation respectively have the strongest effects on the tendency to cosmetic surgery. The findings about the role of perceived social support are consistent with the results reported by Ata et al. (11), Ahmadi et al. (14), and Kabudi et al. (15). To explain this finding, it can be stated that the social support received from the key individuals is important in two aspects: first, the role of the social support and second, the presence of the support resources. The encouragement received from the other people, especially the key individuals is one of the resources of positive self-concept. So, the presence of these persons and their social support can provide an encouragement resource and decrease the tendency to cosmetic surgery (14). The findings about the role of interpersonal emotion regulation are consistent with the results reported by Eisazadegan et al. (6), Sorlie and Javo (7), and Shirmohammadi et al. (16). This finding can be explained by the fact that a person with developed emotion management ability can experience the emotions or inhibit them without any internal or external force. Cosmetic surgeries are more common among the individuals affected by personality disorders such as dependent personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. These types of personality are affected by emotion regulation dysfunction. So, it can be concluded that lack of emotion management ability can lead to the tendency to cosmetic surgery (6). Finally, it was found that the tendency to cosmetic surgery can be predicted by interpersonal emotion regulation and social support. Therefore, it is suggested for the psychologists to focus on the role of the two mentioned variables to decrease the tendency to cosmetic surgery. The last suggestion is to provide emotion regulation training for the individuals and improve their social support to decrease their tendency to cosmetic surgery.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of philial therapy on social acceptability and anxiety sensitivity of children with symptoms of self-destructive mood disorder.

It was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population included 9-12-year-old children with symptoms of suicidal mood disorder in Isfahan city. 30 children with symptoms of self-inflicted mood disorder and their mothers were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Filial Landreth play therapy intervention (2013) during two months in 8 sessions of 60 minutes. Research tools included Ford and Robin's (1970) social acceptability questionnaire and Tsao et al.'s (2006) anxiety sensitivity questionnaire. The data obtained from the research was analyzed by the method of variance analysis with repeated measurements using SPSS-29 statistical software.

The results showed that the filial therapy intervention had a significant effect on the social acceptability and anxiety sensitivity of children with symptoms of self-destructive mood disorder (P<0.001). In this way, this intervention was able to lead to the improvement of social acceptability and the reduction of anxiety sensitivity of these children.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that philial therapy using techniques such as lectures, discussion, role playing, group processes and supervision can be an effective treatment to improve social acceptability and reduce anxiety sensitivity of children with the symptoms of self-inflicted mood disorder should be used.

The present research was carried out aiming at assessing the mediating role of couple forgiveness in the relationship between marital attributions and marital burnout. The research was conducted by the descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study included all married people (men and women) with marital problems referring to family counseling centers in Tehran (Iran) in 2020, 300 of whom (150 women and 150 men) were chosen by convenience method as the research sample. Pines’ (1996) couple burnout measure (CBM-Q) questionnaire, Fincham and Bradbury’s (1992) relationship attribution measure (RAQ) questionnaire, and Pollard et al.’s (1998) family forgiveness scale (FFS) were employed to collect data. The Structural Equation Modeling test was used to analyze data. The research findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between gender stereotypes and couple burnout, and a negative and significant relationship between couple burnout, couple attributes, and couple forgiveness (p<0.01). Moreover, couple attributes played an indirect role in couple burnout through couple forgiveness (p<0.01). Generally, the research’s assumed model had a good fit. Given the research results, it can be claimed that couple forgiveness plays a mediating role in the relationship between couple burnout and couple attributes.

Metabolic disorders and depression are common problems in old age that can affect the onset and exacerbation of each other. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body mass index in the relationship between metabolic diseases (diabetes and hyperlipidemia) and depression in the elderly.

The research method was descriptive and structural equation modeling. The study population comprised of all the elderly who were referred to Falavarjan health center in 2019-2020. On total, 360 old aged individuals were selected by simple random sampling using their electronic records. The research tools included body mass questionnaire, elderly depression questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha) and apple system (integrated health system).

The results showed that there was a correlation between depression in the elderly and diabetes index, Body mass index (BMI), and blood cholesterol 0.81, 0.59, and 0.36 respectively, depicting a significant relationship. Also, body mass variable can play the role of mediating variable between depression and metabolic diseases. The explained model also had a good fit.

According to the research findings, metabolic diseases are directly and indirectly related to depression in the elderly through body mass, so in programs related to lifestyle modification and improving the health of the elelderly, interventions for physical and psychological factors should be considered as well.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders, and its treatment is very important. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) based on Dugas' model focuses on the causative agents of this disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CBT based on Dugas' model on negative problem orientation and problem-solving in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. 

In this study in 2020, 30 patients with GAD diagnosis were selected by multi-stage cluster method from psychological clinics in Isfahan, Iran. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 90-minute CBT based on Dugas' model. Due to the drop in sample, 24 subjects in the pre-test and post-test stages fulfilled Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ), and Heppner Problem Solving Inventory (PSI). Finally, the results were analyzed using the SPSS-21 and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). 

The results of MANCOVA showed that there was generally a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of negative problem orientation and problem-solving (P< 0.01). 

Cognitive-behavioral therapy based on the Dugas' model, is effective in improving negative problem orientation and problem-solving in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers and children of divorce intervention program on the emotion management of divorce children. The method of the study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up. From divorced mothers referring to a psychological clinic in Tehran for parenting education in 2021, 45 of them were selected by available sampling (Three groups of 15 people). The research instruments included the Emotion Regulation Checklist of Shields & Cicchetti (1998). The results mixed analysis of variance showed that adaptive emotion regulation and instability/negativity in the post-test and follow-up stages showed significant changes compared to the pre-test and in the instability/negativity variable, the child-specific intervention group showed significant results compared to the control group. However, no significant results were observed for the training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers. According to the results, it can be concluded that the child-specific intervention program for divorce children is effective on managing the emotions of divorced children.

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) increases the frequency and severity of bowel problems, especially for those who age with this injury. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a bowel management training program in patients aged with SCI. 

A multiple-baseline single-case design of concurrent type was employed. Three male married patients with SCI whose ages ranged between 48 and 53, with a mean duration of 32 years after the injury, were recruited for this study from a rehabilitation center in Isfahan City, Iran, in 2020. An individualized 8-week bowel management training program was conducted. The patients’ bowel dysfunction was evaluated by Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction (NBD) score. 

The results were provided by the six features of single-case designs, namely immediacy of the effect, overlap, variability consistency of data patterns across similar phases, trend, and level, revealed the efficacy of the program in decreasing bowel dysfunction problems in men aging with SCI.

Health care providers should know about the changes that might happen as an individual gets old with SCI to take preventive measures and reduce the harmful effects of aging, especially bowel dysfunction.

The tendency to cosmetic surgery and its practice can be influenced by various physical, psychological, social and cultural factors. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between sexual satisfaction and perceived social support with a tendency to cosmetic surgery.

The method of the present study is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all patients seeking cosmetic surgery in one month in 2020 in selected 3 clinics in Tehran, which was estimated at a total of 900 people. 322 of them were selected as a sample by non-random sampling Quota method. The demographic questionnaire, "Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire", the "Perceived Social Support Scale" and the "Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale" were used to collect data. The construct validity of the instruments was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability was confirmed by internal consistency by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS. 19.

Tendency to cosmetic surgery has a negative and significant correlation with sexual satisfaction (r = -0.208) and perceived community support (r = -0.338) (P <0.05). Also, perceived social support (β = -0.29) and sexual satisfaction (β = -0.19) predict a total of 15% of the variance of the tendency to cosmetic surgery (P <0.05).

Tendency to cosmetic surgery has a negative and significant correlation with sexual satisfaction and perceived community support. Therefore, social support and sexual satisfaction predict the tendency to surgery. It is suggested that psychologists and counselors consider the role of social support and sexual satisfaction in reducing the unnecessary tendency of individuals to cosmetic surgery.

The present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of unified trans-diagnostic treatment on experimental avoidance and work-family conflict of the employees with burnout in Water and Sewage Company.

It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and control group design and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study includes the total of 500 employees with burnout in Water and Sewage Company in the province of Isfahan in 2019. 30 employees with burnout were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (15 employees in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) in the present study. The experimental group received 10 ninety-minute sessions of unified trans-diagnostic treatment interventions during twoand-a-half months. The applied questionnaires included burnout questionnaire (Meslesh and Jackson, 1981), acceptance and action questionnaire (Bond, et.la, 2011) and work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al, 2010). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA.

the results showed that the unified trans-diagnostic treatment has significant effect on the experimental avoidance and work-family conflict of the employees with burnout (p0.001).

the findings of the present study showed that the unified trans-diagnostic treatment through employing techniques such as identifying emotions, training emotional awareness, cognitive reevaluation, recognizing emotion avoidance models and investigating behaviors resulting from emotion can be used as an efficient treatment to decrease experimental avoidance and work-family conflict of the employees with burnout.

As shown in many studies, one of the most important reasons for headaches in individuals is their tendency to self-criticism. Discovering some protective factors in order to moderate this tendency, thus, can be one of the important goals of health psychology research. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-compassion and self-criticism in women suffering from tension headaches using structural equation modeling.

To do so, 110 women with tension-type headaches were selected through purposeful sampling from psychiatric and neurological clinics and specialized headache centers in Isfahan, and were asked to respond to self-compassion and self-criticism questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) on Amos and SPSS software programs.

The results revealed that the presented model fitted the data well. There were negative relationships between positive components of self-compassion (self-kindness, common human humanity, and mindfulness) and self-criticism. On the other hand, there were positive relationships between the negative components of self-compassion (self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification) and self-criticism. The findings showed the research model was appropriately presented.

Conclusions‌:

 Therefore, based on the results obtained from the present research, it can be concluded that self-compassion as a protective factor can have a significant impact on self-criticism in women with tension-type headaches.

Although distress tolerance plays a significant role in mental and physical health, developing specific interventions regarding an increase in distress tolerance has rarely been paid attention to. The impacts of the compassion-based intervention on psychological features of individuals with psychosomatic conditions have been rarely examined as well.

The goals of the present study were, first, to introduce the distress tolerance promotion package (DTPP) and, second, to compare its effectiveness with compassion-focused therapy (CFT; Gilbert, 2010) in terms of self-criticism, fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in women with chronic tension-type headaches.

The research was quasi-experimental with the pretest, posttest, and control group design. The statistical population included all women with tension-type headaches referred to headache and neurology clinics in Isfahan in 2019. Forty-eight women with tension-type headaches using purposeful sampling method were selected and randomly assigned to DTPP (n=16), CFT (n=16), and control (n=16) groups. DTPP and CFT groups attended a 90-minute session per week for 8 weeks, whereas the control group received no particular intervention. The participants were assessed using the scales of self-criticism (Gilbert et al., 2004), the fear of negative evaluation (Leary, 1983), and anxiety (Beck et al., 1998) in the pretest and posttest stages.

The MANCOVA results revealed that compared to the control group, DTPP and CFT groups lead to significant improvements in each of the scales of self-criticism, the fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in the women with tension-type headaches. DTPP was also shown to have a greater positive effect on the reduction of self-criticism compared to CFT.

Based on the findings, the effectiveness of the newly designed distress tolerance promotion package and compassion-focused therapy were approved on self-criticism, fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety in women with chronic tension-type headaches.

Dehydration of alcohols has attracted a great deal of attention owing to its wide application in ‎several medical, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. High separation efficiency, low energy ‎consumption, simplicity and minimum contamination are the main characteristics which make ‎pervaporation (PV) a promising method in the area of alcohol dehydration to provide extremely ‎pure alcohols. Due to their permselectivity and high processability, polymers are the main ‎materials for PV membranes. For this purpose, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is the most commonly ‎used polymer because of its desired hydrophilicity, flexibility, good film-forming ability and low ‎cost. However, excessive swelling is the main challenge in fabrication of PVA membranes for ‎dehydration application; to overcome this disadvantage, various attempts have been made to ‎modify PVA membranes for separation of water and alcohols. In this paper, various ‎modifications and developments that have been made to improve the PV performance of PVA-‎based membranes for separation of water and alcohols have been reviewed.‎

The present research was conducted aiming to check effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in people afflicted by sexual dysfunction. In terms of objectives, the present research is practical; and in terms of data collecting, it is a single-case experimental research. Participants are evaluated in all phases including basic line, therapy and post-therapy, and pursuit respectively. Statistical population of this study includes all the women who were diagnosed with sexual function disorder who had come to the psychotherapy and counseling clinic in the early months of the current year. Among this statistical population, two patients who were diagnosed with acute and very acute anxiety and depression were selected considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both patients received cognitive-behavioral therapy in 8 sessions. Evaluation was carried out using Beck`s Depression Inventory for every and each step. In order to analyze data, SPSS-18 Package was used. Results demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral therapy with effect size of 1.58 (the first patient) and 1.55 (the second patient) has alleviated symptoms of anxiety on these patients and both effect sizes show a high level of effectiveness in treatment.

Anxiety problems are common disorders in children that can cause many other disorders in later ages. Many children with anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence also have many adjustment problems. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative therapy on school anxiety of female primary students.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study included all female students of primary school (7-11 years) in Isfahan in the academic year 2015-2016. Sample size included 30 female students who were selected by multistage random sampling method. Phillips (1987) anxiety test was used to measure the level of anxiety of the subjects. The experimental group received eleven one-hour storytelling sessions and the control group received no intervention. Both experimental and control groups were re-evaluated in post-test and data were analyzed by covariance analysis.

The results showed that narrative therapy had a significant effect on school anxiety in female primary students and there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. That is, the mean scores of the experimental group in the post-test compared to the control group were significantly lower in terms of school anxiety (F= 12/03, P = 0.003).

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that narrative therapy enables students to identify their positive and negative emotions and thus reduce their anxiety, so it is recommended to use this approach along with other methods of anxiety treatment to reduce school anxiety in female primary school students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training based on positive- psychology on Quality of life and happiness of patients with type 2 diabetes.

This Quasi-Experimental study was a pretest- posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the study included patients with type 2 diabetes who referred to Hazrat Ali Health center (Isfahan, 2017) Of these, 30 members of the   diabetic patients were selected by convenient sampling ,and  were then randomly assigned into  two 15-member group (experimental and control groups). The experimental group received a positive psychological approach for 8 sessions of 90 minutes, and The control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups were evaluated before and after the intervention and in the follow up using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1996) and Oxford Happiness (1989).

Analysis of deta by variance with repeated measurements Showed that positive-psychological education had significant influence on the quality of life and   happiness in patients with type 2 diabetes and There is a significant difference between the experimental and control (P <0.001).

Positive psychological education effectively improves the quality of life and happiness of patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that this treatment approach be used to help improve the quality of life and happiness of these patients.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases which also affects individuals' mental and psychological characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive-psychology training on psychological well-being and its dimensions on patients with type II diabetes. This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-ups. The participants were selected through convenient sampling from patients with type II diabetes who referred to Hazrat-e-Ali Health center in Isfahan during 2017. Subsequently, the participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. The experimental group received positive psychology training, whereas the control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups were evaluated before and after the intervention and in the follow-up stage through Reef's Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (1980). The data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. The results showed that positive psychology training correlated significantly with psychological well-being, self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, having a purpose in life, and environmental domination in patients with type II diabetes. In addition, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding the abovementioned variables. However, no significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups regarding self-autonomy and personal growth (P<0.001).). Positive psychology training effectively improves the psychological well-being of patients with type II diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that this treatment approach be used to help improve the psychological well-being of these patients.