جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « محدودیت کالری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Disturbance in the regulation of secretion between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of concurrent training, calorie restriction and concurrent training+ calorie restriction on the levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines and insulin sensitivity in obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Thirty seven women with non-alcoholic fatty liver were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=9), calorie restriction (n=9), concurrent training (n=9) and concurrent training+ calorie restriction (n=10). Training protocol included combination of aerobic with 40-60 percent of heart rate reserve and resistance training 40-60 percent of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), eight weeks and three sessions per week. The calorie restriction groups, alleviate 400 to 500 kcal/day from total daily calorie intake. Blood samples were taken pre- and post intervention. For statistical analysis, paired samples t-test and analysis of covariance at a significant level of p<0.05 were used. Concurrent training+ calorie restriction significantly increased serum adiponectin and adipolin concentration compared to the caloric restriction and control groups (both, p<0.026) and the insulin sensitivity index compared to the control group (p=0.027). Also, there was a significant increase in serum adiponectin and adipolin concentration and insulin sensitivity index of the concurrent training group compared to the control group (p<0.05). In the calorie restriction group, only the insulin sensitivity index increased significantly compared to the pre-test (p=0.004). It seems that performing concurrent training alone and with calorie restriction is a more effective intervention in increasing anti-inflammatory adipokines and improving insulin sensitivity than calorie restriction alone.

Weight gain and obesity are one of the most important health issues and one of the most severe public health problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of 10 weeks of High-Intensity Interval training (HIIT) and Mini-Trampoline training (MTT) with calorie restriction (CR) on body composition and aerobic capacity in overweight and obese women.

Forty-eight overweight and obese women with a mean (age: 32.71±4.11 yrs, weight: 75.19±4.86 kg) participated in the present study based on the inclusion criteria and voluntarily. Subjects were randomly divided into four equal groups (12 subjects): Experimental group 1: MTT with CT, Experimental group 2: HIIT with CR, Experimental group 3: CR, and Control group: No restriction calories were divided. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHTR), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and body fat percent (PBF) were analyzed using the Boca Model X1 body composition analyzer, and for aerobic capacity, the Cooper test was used. CR (deduction of 500 calories from the daily energy intake of individuals) was for 10 weeks. HIIT and MTT have performed three sessions per week and each session was one hour of high-intensity exercise. The control group was asked to continue their daily activities and maintain a normal diet.

A 10-week period of MTT with CR improved BMI (P=0.001), WHR (P=0.004), BF and PBF (P<0.001), but HIIT had no effect on body composition (P<0.05). CR diet had a positive effect on BMI (P=0.001), WHR (P=0.009), BF (P=0.044). HIIT with CR (P<0.001) and MTT with CR (P<0.001) improved aerobic capacity and among these, HIIT had a greater effect on aerobic capacity (P<0.001).

The results showed that MTT with CR improves the body composition in overweight and obese women. Also, the effect of HIIT on increasing aerobic capacity was greater.

Obesity is a low-grade systemic inflammatory condition that is closely associated with many chronic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to determine the effect of four-week aquatic aerobic training with and without caloric restriction and vitamin D supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum concentrations and body composition in overweight and obese women. 40 overweight volunteer women (30-50 years old and BMI 35-30 kg.m2) were randomly divided into four homogeneous groups; (aerobic training: AT, aerobic training with Calorie restriction: AT+CR, aerobic training with supplementation: AT+VD, aerobic training with caloric restriction and supplementation; AT+CR+VD). Training intensity was %55-85 of reserve heart rate and all subjects participated in training for one month and three days a week. Body composition and blood samples were collected before and after the training period to determine the serum levels of BDNF. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc test at α<0.05. According to data, body composition indexs decreased significantly in all groups (P<0.05). Also, the level of BDNF in all groups was significantly higher than pre-test, while this increase was statistically significant only in the-AT+RC+VD- group (P=0.012). Combination of aerobic exercise with caloric restriction and vitamin D supplementation has seemingly more cumulative effects compared to each of variables alone and it might be more effective therapeutic method to improve BDNF levels and body composition.

There is a close link between eating fatty foods, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluation the effect of 8 weeks caloric restriction on Perilipins (PLIN5) and ATGL visceral adipose tissue and insulin resistance in male diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 24 male rats were divided into healthy control, diabetic control and diabetic group with caloric restriction. In the caloric restriction group, %40 of the calorie intake was restricted and other groups received the standard food they needed freely for 8 week. The relative expression of prilipine 5 and ATGL protein by Western blotting and insulin resistance were also evaluated using Homa index. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.

A significant difference was showed between the means of the three groups in comparing the expression of PLIN5 and ATGL proteins. Post hoc test showed a significant increase in PLIN5 and ATGL in the caloric restriction group compared to the healthy and diabetic control group (P=0.001). There was also a significant decrease in insulin and glucose levels in the caloric restriction group compared to the diabetic control group (p = 0.001).

Calorie restriction may prevent insulin resistance by acting on the overlying proteins and thus reducing fat accumulation.

Background and Aim:

 Apoptosis or programmed death is active biological process and reversible that the balance between growth and cell death in various tissues, particularly myocardial tissue is essential role. The aim of this study was the effect of 8 weeks High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with and without food restriction on gene expression of Caspase 3 and 9 in rats.

Methods & Materials: 

This study was experimental multi group design with control group which conducted on 30 rats with two months old male. Subjects were divided in to five homogenous groups including base control, control, caloric restriction, interval exercise training and caloric restriction+interval exercise training. Training groups five sessions in weeks were participated in interval exercise training for 8 weeks. The level of gene expression of the proteins Caspase 3 and 9 was evaluated by Real Time-PCR. Dates were analyzed using the 1-way ANOVA at the level of (P<0.05).

Ethical Considerations: 

The protocol of this study was approved by the Medical Committee of Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MYK.REC.1397.5022).

 The results showed that the training group had a significant decrease in gene expression of Caspase 3 in comparison with caloric restriction+exercise training (P<0.05). Also, exercise training and exercise training+caloric restriction significantly decrease in the gene expression of Caspase 9 compared to caloric restriction, base control and control (P<0.05) and significantly decrease in the gene expression of Caspase 3 compared to base control and control (P<0.05).

 According to the results, it seems that high intensity interval training with and without calorie restriction provides the necessary adaptations to inhibit or stop apoptosis induced by aerobic exercise.

  with Regard to the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), focusing on various strategies for its prevention and management seem necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of running on treadmill and low calorie diet on visfatin and hs-CRP values in people with NAFLD. In this quasi-experimental Study, 55 NAFLD patients were selected and randomly assigned to one of four groups: training (n=14), diet (n=14), training plus diet (n=14) and control (n=13). The training program included eight weeks running on a treadmill with maximum heart rate intensity of 55-75% for 45 minutes three times a week. A low calorie diet with an energy deficit of 500 calories of daily energy intake was calculated from 3-day food records of the patients. Combined group subjects also used both types of intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and Bonferron's post hoc test at a significance level of p<0.05. Visfatin values in the training group (p=0.01), in the combined group (p=0.001) and also hs-CRP values in the training group (p=0.003) and the combined group (p=0.008) decreased significantly. The body mass index of subjects was significantly decreased by training (p=0.003) and combined intervention (p=0.001). Running on treadmill and a low calorie diet simultaneously reduce the plasma levels of visfatin and hs-CRP in male patients with NAFLD. Therefore, these therapeutic interventions are beneficial in reducing NAFLD inflammatory factors.

Inflammation plays an important role in the incidence and development of metabolic disorders and exercises along with dietary restrictions for weight loss. It has beneficial effects on reducing inflammatory markers, especially in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined exercise (resistance-aerobic) with and without diet restriction on weight loss on some inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α and ICAM-1) in elderly men with type 2 diabetes.

42 elderly men with type 2 diabetes (age: 67.6 ± 2.2, weight: 85.2 ± 7.4, BMI: 28.2 ± 0.2) after homogenization based on serum levels Glucose and mass index were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: Combined exercise (15), combined exercise with weight loss diet (14), and weight loss diet alone (n = 13). The combined exercise program included aerobic training with 50-70 percent of reserved heartrate and resistance training included chest press, cable pull-down, machine leg extention and machine lying leg curl on 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks.

After 12 weeks of intervention, there was a significant decrease in serum inflammatory markers levels (CRP, ICAM-1 and TNF-α) in the post-test compared to the pre-test in all three groups (P<0.001). However, bonferroni post-hoc analysis showed that combined exercise with diet compared to combined exercise and dietary restriction alone had more effects on reducing CRP, ICAM-1 and TNF-α (P<0.001). In addition, reduction of ICAM-1 (P<0.001) and TNF-α (P<0.001) after combined exercise compared to dietary restriction and CRP reduction after dietary restriction than combined exercise was significantly higher (P<0.001).

It suggested that in elderly type 2 diabetic patients, caloric restriction-induced weight loss with combine exercise is more appropriate for modulating of endothelial biomarkers and Inflammation dysfunctional levels than resisted exercise training or aerobic training alone.

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by disturbing endothelial dysfunction, increases the carotid intima media thickness (cIMT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the Combined effect of aerobic training and low-calorie diet on body composition, blood pressure and cIMT in men with NAFLD. In this quasi-experimental Study, thirty four patients with NAFLD were selected purposefully. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, intervention group (combined of aerobic training and low-calorie diet) (n=17) and control group (n=17). The aerobic training program included eight weeks running on a treadmill with maximum heart rate intensity of 55-75% for 45 minutes three times a week. Low calorie diet with an energy deficit of 500 calories of daily energy intake that was calculated from 3-day food records of patients. Before the beginning of the study and at the end of the eighth week, body composition, Lipid profile, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, blood pressure and cIMT of all the participants were assessed. The data were analyzed at the significant level of P <0.05. Findings: In the intervention group, the right cIMT and left cIMT in the post test had a significant decrease compared to the pretest (P <0.05). Also, weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio and systolic blood pressure significantly decreased (P <0.05). After intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups in all variables ( P <0.05). In this study, eight weeks of aerobic exercise and low calorie diet interactions improved body composition, blood pressure and cIMT in men with NAFLD. Therefore, these interventions are likely to be useful interventions in reducing the cardiovascular risk factors and risk factors associated with NAFLD

Excessive fat accumulation is one of the most important mechanisms of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Accordingly, in this study, we will examine the effect of caloric restriction on lipid coat proteins that prevent lipolysis of the adipose tissue. In this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200 ± 20 weight) were used. First, rats were divided into 2 groups (standard and high-calorie diet). After 8 weeks, the high-calorie diet group was randomly assigned to two subgroups: caloric restriction and high-fat diet. Finally, the amount of perilipin 1 and 5 genes expression evaluated by Pcr and insulin resistance evaluated by HOMA index.
Findings: The weight and insulin resistance of the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the standard and calorie restriction group (p≤0.005). Insulin resistance was not significantly different between the caloric restriction and standard group (p = 0.394). The expression of perilipin 1 in the adipose tissue of the high-fat diet was significantly higher than the caloric restriction group (p ≤0.005). The expression of perilipin 1 gene in skeletal muscle in the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than the calorie restriction and standard diet groups (p≤0.005). The calorie restriction group had more perilipin 5 expressions than the high-fat diet and the standard group (p ≤0.005). The caloric restriction may be due to the effect on lipid coat proteins and, as a result, a decrease in fat accumulation, that it can prevent insulin resistance

Parkinson's disease (PD), a degenerative disorder commonly affects the extrapyramidal system, is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. It has been shown that caloric restriction increases life expectancy, decreases the incidence of several age-related diseases, and preserves youth activities in a large scale of laboratory animals. Several studies have revealed that exercise may have neuroprotective effects and increase neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction diet on reserpine-induced catalepsy in a rat model of PD. 54 Wistar male rats were divided into 9 groups (control, exercise, PD, caloric restriction, PD + exercise, caloric restriction + exercise, PD + caloric restriction, caloric restriction+ PD II, and PD + exercise +caloric restriction). PD was induced by administration of reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.p). The bar- test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. All animals in the Exercise group were forced to run on a motorized treadmill (24 m/min for 20 min, 5 days/week) for 3weeks. Animals in the caloric restriction groups were under 30% caloric restriction diets. Catalepsy was significantly lower in the caloric restriction + PD and PD + exercise groups than in the PD group. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in catalepsy was observed in the PD + exercise +caloric restriction group compared to the PD. Caloric restriction of 30 percent and treadmill exercise can improve reserpine-induced catalepsy in an animal model of PD. In addition, application of caloric restriction before induction of PD may reduce the severity of complications in PD, including catalepsy.

Aim and sedentary lifestyle and high-calorie foods lead to obesity, hence the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different doses of exercise and caloric restriction on insulin receptor substrate-1 in obese male rats. Methods and materials: 48, eight-week-old male Wistar rats (190 ± 16 g) fed high-fat palate for seventeen weeks. After obesity induction, the obesity group was randomly assigned to one of the six groups: EXE, CR, EXCR1, EXCR2, and EXCR3 as experimental groups and OC as the control group. Then 10% of food intake was reduced. Exercise intensity was adjusted about 70-75% vo2max, 28 m/min for 48 to 55 minute. Negative energy balance was applied through caloric restriction (CR) (6d/w), exercise training (EXE) (6d/w), and in three combinations: EXCR1 (2d/w exercise + 4d/w CR), EXCR2 (3d/w exercise + 3d/w CR) and EXCR3 (4d/w exercise + 2d/w CR) for two month. One way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc was applied for Data analysis by SPSS version 16 (p<0.05). IRS-1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in CR in comparison to OC (p=0.024). Also EXCR2 IRS-1significantly increased comparing to OC (p=0.033).weight in CR, EXCR1, 2,3 were significantly reduced compared to OC or HC. 10% of negative energy balance in forms of caloric restriction per se or in conjunction with exercise can provoke mRNA expression of insulin substrate receptor-1 that may lead to insulin sensitivity improvement.

Fatty liver disease is a type of fat aggregation in the liver cells which increases the risk of cirrhosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training (elastic band) or low-calorie diet on Plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanin aminotransferase (ALT) and liver parenchymal tissue in NAFLD patients.
A total of 33 men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (age 35-50 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: elastic band Exercise (n = 12), low–calorie Diet (n = 11), and the control (n = 8) groups. The training group performed elastic band training 3 days per week for eight weeks. In the diet group, the calorie restriction was 500 Kcal/day less than energy requirement for eight weeks. The plasma levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and liver fat were measured before and after the eight week intervention. The paired samples t test and ANCOVA was used for within group changes and between group differences, respectively. The significant level was determine at p AST enzyme significantly decreased in both groups. The plasma levels of ALT significantly decreased only in the diet group. Both interventions improved the liver sonographic diagram. No significant difference was found between the two intervention groups.
Both methods of resistance training with elastic band and low-calorie diets are effective in the improvement of liver fat and plasma levels of hepatic enzymes.

Irisin is a new adipokine that is released from membrane protein FNDC5 and has positive effects on metabolism. The aim of this study was to survey the effects of caloric restriction on serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in obese sedentary women.
Twenty women (Mean± SD: 41.40±4.53 years; 76.69±6.14 Kg) who referred to home health of west of Tehran were divided into two groups; caloric restriction group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The calorie restriction group, in the intervention period, received 25% less than the estimated daily energy requirement. Serum irisin, glucose, insulin levels and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR were measured before and after 16 weeks.
Weight, BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist to hip ratio), serum irisin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased significantly in the caloric restriction group. Significant correlation were observed between changes of serum irisin levels with changes of body weight, WHR, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels (p There is a significant correlation between serum irisin levels with BMI, WHR and HOMA-IR. 16 weeks of caloric restriction is effective in reduction of serum irisin levels and insulin resistance in obese sedentary women.

Sirtuin-1 regulates important cellular processes, including apoptosis, cellular senescence, and metabolism. Therefore, sirtuin-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on sirtuin-1 level and cardiometabolic parameters in women with type 2 diabetes.
In this semi-experimental study with pretest – posttest design, twenty diabetic women (aged 43.92±5.2 y) were randomly assigned to aerobic training or non-exercising control groups. Aerobic training program was performed 50-60 min/d, 3d/wk, for 2 months. Serum levels of sirtuin-1, body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed before and after the training period. Data were analyzed by paired T test.
Adiposity indices, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL- cholesterol,blood glucose and insulin resistance index were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control (p These findings show that aerobic exercise is associated with an improvement in siruin-1 levels and metabolic indices in women with type 2 diabetes.

Chocolate milk is one of the most popular non-fermented dairy products, while, due to its higher sugar content than white milk, it has been lately criticized for its contribution to diabetes, child obesity and tooth decay. Therefore, our aim in this study was to investigate the substitution of D-tagatose with sucrose in chocolate milk product and if it can be also a probiotic carrier. We studied the effects of different ratios of the sucrose/D-tagatose (100:0, 0:100 or 50:50) as well as the type of probiotic culture (L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. rhamnosus or B. lactis) on the microbiological characteristics (by MRS agar medium) of the chocolate milk. Also, the percentage of the sugar residue (by HPLC) and color properties (by Hunter Lab colorimeter) of the synbiotic chocolate milk were studied at (5°C) during 21 days. The control samples were not incubated with probiotics. The greatest vitality rate at the end of storage was related to the treatment of L. rhamnosus (T-R) and L. casei (T-C) with D-tagatose. Both L. acidophilus and L. casei showed high inclination for D-tagatose, lactose and sucrose fermentation, respectively. However, L. rhamnosus mostly fermented D-tagatose, sucrose and lactose, respectively, while, this order for B. lacti was sucrose, lactose and D-tagatose. B. lactis did not significantly consumed D-tagatose. The treatments inoculated with L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. rhamnosus and B. lactis, orderly showed significant higher color changes in compare to non-probiotic ones. D-tagatose as a natural sugar may make a suitable substitute for sucrose in chocolate milk, while preserving the functional probiotic properties; enhances the health benefits of dairy chocolate milk products. Nevertheless, the right selection of sucrose/D-tagatose ratio and type of probiotic strain has high importance in probiotic biological sustainability and the quality of the final product

Obese and sedentary lifestyles are associated with increased oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of 12 weeks of caloric-restricted diet with and without aerobic exercise training on peroxidant and antioxidants indicators in overweight or obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. In a randomized, controlled trial study, 72 overweight or obese, postmenopausal, sedentary women with type 2 diabetes (age: 53.7 ± 1.2 years and body mass index: 33.9 ± 1.7 kg/m2) were randomized to a diet only group (n = 37) with moderate energy-restricted high-protein diet (include ~5500 kJ/day), or to a diet plus exercise group (n = 35). In addition to the moderate energy-restricted diet program for the planned weight loss of 14-8 kg), subjects in diet only group performed an exercise training program included 30-55 minutes of aerobic exercise, 5 times in week with 50-75% of observed maximal heart rate for 12 weeks. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body fat (%), cardiorespiratory fitness, peroxidant and antioxidants indicators including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured before and after intervention. Repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis. After 12 weeks, significant reductions in body weight, BMI, WHR, body fat (%), MDA levels and significant increases in VO2 peak, SOD and CAT levels were observed in both groups (P < 0.05 for all). However, these changes were different in body weight, BMI and VO2 peak between the two groups (P < 0.05 for all). The results of the present study showed that moderate energy-restricted diet program combined with regular aerobic exercise can improve peroxidant and antioxidant balance in overweight or obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and can prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress.

The molecular mechanisms of aging are the subject of extensive research and have facilitated potential interventions to delay aging and age-related degenerative diseases in humans. The aging process is frequently affected by environmental factors. Caloric restriction is by far the most effective and established environmental manipulation for extending lifespan in various animal models. However, the precise mechanisms by which caloric restriction affects lifespan are still not clear. Epigenetic and molecular mechanisms have recently been recognized as major contributors to nutrition-related longevity and aging control. The underlying molecular mechanisms for this effect include a lower rate of accrual of tissue oxidative damage that is associated with a significantly lower rate of mitochondrial free radical generation. Two primary epigenetic codes, DNA methylation and histone modification, are believed to dynamically influence chromatin structure and hence modify the expression of relevant genes. In this review, we assessed current advances in epigenetic regulation in response to caloric restriction and how this affects cellular senescence, aging, and potential extension of a healthy lifespan in humans. Enhanced understanding of the important role of epigenetic in the control of the aging process through caloric restriction may lead to clinical advances in the prevention and therapy of human aging-associated diseases.

Overweight is one of the most worldwide health problems particularly in industrial and developed communities. Obese subjects are at high risk for developing various disorders such as diabetes and especially cardiovascular diseases. It has been well established that life style modification plays an important role in reducing these complications, particularly weight reduction and caloric restriction (CR) as a non- pharmacological approach. In the present study the possible effects of caloric restriction on Nitric Oxide production and blood pressures in rat were investigated. Four groups of rats were selected as control(C), caloric restriction (CR), diabetic (D), and caloric restriction diabetic (CRD). Control animals fed freely with standard pellet but caloric restricted animals fed an every other day diet for 4 weeks. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in all groups using the tail-cuff method under the light general anesthesia induced by ether. Nitric oxide (NO x) concentrations were determined in serum using a colorimetric non- enzymatic NO assay kit. In CR experimental groups (CR&CRD) SBP was significantly decreased as compared to control: (P<0.001) and diabetic (P<0.01) rats, while the serum NO x was significantly increased (P<0.01) in both groups as compared to control and diabetic rats. On the basis of obtained results, it could be concluded that caloric restriction may reduce blood pressure and increase nitric oxide in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Increase nitric oxide is the likely mechanism for decreasing blood pressure.