فهرست مطالب زهرا منصوری

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Islamic spiritual dignity therapy on depression and death anxiety of dialysis patients.

This semi-experimental study used a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all dialysis women in Mashhad city, and 12 subjects (6 in the control group and 6 in the experimental group) were selected as a sample from the Mohaban Dialysis Center in Mashhad by the researcher's call in 2021. In this study, people were replaced by a non-probability (voluntary) sampling method and randomly in two experimental and control groups. During the sessions, one of the people in the experimental group had a stroke and died, and our sample fell. In the pre-test stage, the subjects of both groups responded to Beck's depression questionnaire (1996) and Templer's death anxiety questionnaire (1970). The subjects of the experimental group were subjected to dignity group therapy during six sessions each session for two hours, while the control group did not receive any treatment. At the end of the plan's implementation, both groups answered the mentioned questionnaires again. Finally, the data collected were analyzed by covariance analysis.

Dignity therapy has a positive effect on dialysis patients in reducing the two components of depression and death anxiety (P<0.01). Dignity therapy has established a significant difference between the control and experimental groups.

The results showed that dignity therapy is effective in reducing depression and death anxiety in dialysis patients. Islamic spiritual dignity improves depression and death anxiety of individuals, and this group therapy can be used to promote the reduction of depression and death anxiety.

The value relevance of financial statements is of great significance to investors and standard setters. Comparability of accounting is one of the increasing features in the financial reporting system. It generally means that two reporting entities that face the same economic events use the same accounting methods to record underlying transactions. The present research examines whether the accounting comparability among industry peers enhances the value relevance of earnings and book value. This is an important question because both the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities Exchange Commission seek greater comparability in financial reporting.Research

In order to study the subject based on the panel regression model, in the period 2010 to 2020, data of 111 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were collected and used to test research hypotheses.

The results show that accounting comparability increases the value relevance of earnings, but not book value. Financial statements that are more comparable do better in gaining the trust of users, which increases the value relevance of earnings per share. This means that when companies demonstrate the ability to compare more information than their industry counterparts, investors place a higher value on reported profits. However, the incremental benefits of accounting comparability are attenuated when financial reporting opacity is high or when there exists an internal control material weakness over financial reporting. In contrast, comparability benefits are enhanced when an industry specialist auditor is employed.

The factors used in the foresight of any system vary from country to country, society, culture, politics and even time. Identifying and planning for influential factors in any industry is of particular importance. By identifying influential indicators, planners and policymakers determine which indicators are prioritized. Also, to move towards the main goal of organizations, identifying these indicators will help policymakers and planners to invest and optimize the most important indicators.The main purpose of this study is to identify the political factors affecting the future of the rail transport system in the freight sector. In this research, the identification of political factors of the rail transportation system in the freight sector has been done using a combination of library, field and Delphi studies and Micmac software has been used in the analysis. The three stages of this research have sought to present the most important political factors affecting the future of rail transportation in Iran. In the first step, all factors were identified. In the second stage, using the Delphi method, a consensus was reached in three consecutive periods, and in the third stage, using Micmac software, eleven factors in three categories were presented as the most important drivers for the future of the rail freight transportation system.
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Investigating the flow around a circular cylinder is one of the classical problems of fluid mechanics. Unsteady forces formed behind the cylinder are caused by vortices separated from its surface. Controlling the intensity of vortex shedding leads to controlling the intensity of forces caused by vortices. One of equipment that is used to reduce fluctuations caused by vortices is trip wires. Therefore, in the present study, the fluctuating velocities, Reynolds shear stress and drag coefficient around the circular cylinder with the trip wire have been investigated at different Reynolds numbers. For this purpose, the diameter of the circular cylinder is 20 mm and the diameter of the installed trip wires is 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 mm. Trip wires are installed at θ=±40 and ±140 positions. The results show that the use of trip wires with a diameter of 0.25mm causes a decrease of 68%, 50% and 55% of fluctuating velocities (u', v', w') and a decrease of 85% Reynolds shear stress compared to the smooth cylinder. Also, the presence of a peak in the fluctuating velocity indicates the presence of large vortices behind the cylinder. Reynolds shear stress has a direct relationship with the diameter of the trip wire.

One of the most fundamental effects of social issues in a society is to investigate the role of social networks in the distribution of cultural and recreational trips. The research method was a survey and the statistical population of the research includes the residents of Tehran metropolis. The sample size for the unlimited statistical population was calculated to be 850 people. The data collection tool was in the form of a questionnaire, and data had been collected and evaluated using SPSS software. Also, the role of factors affecting the distribution of recreational and cultural trips was examined by Factor analysis with the KMO test. In this travel distribution, the influence of factors such as the Internet, family, friends and colleagues was investigated. Factors such as age, family, colleagues, even advertisements and the environment of entertainment and cultural centers were investigated. The results showed that the age range of the clients was between 20-40 years and most of the clients were employees and all the factors had high reliability. Also, factors such as age, education, occupation, gender did not have a significant effect on the choice of entertainment and cultural centers.

The ambiguity in the readability of financial statements has led to a reduction in the ability of investors to analyze and understand financial information and can be a factor in modifying the agency cost. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of audit quality and the quality of internal controls in adjusting the relationship between the readability of financial statements and agency costs. In order to study the subject, the combined data regression model was used during the period of 2009 to 2018 and the data of 120 companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange were collected and used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the first hypothesis of the research based on the significant effect of financial statements readability on the company's agency costs have been confirmed. The second hypothesis of the research suggests that audit quality has a significant effect on the joint interaction of the readability of financial statements and agency costs. Finally, the results indicate that the quality of internal controls does not have a significant effect on the joint interaction of financial statements and company agency costs. The results of the research indicate that increased in readability of financial statements leads to an increase in the quality of information provided to minoring shareholders and analysts, and information asymmetry is reduced through more transparency between managers and stakeholders. . In other words, increasing the readability of financial statements by controlling managers' opportunistic behaviors leads to lower agency costs and the quality of audit due to improved disclosure quality, leads to a reduction in ambiguity in information and agency costs.

Saliva is one of the most important body fluids. The lack of this fluid has many outcomes for the patient. The aim of the present study was to detect objective and subjective dry mouth in individuals with no oro-dental complications in Shiraz, Iran and compare these factors to depression level, medication intake and level of education. 

In the present descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Shiraz Dental School in 2018, 450 samples were selected from the Patients' companions referred to Shiraz Dental School over 18 years. In the present study, the Fox questionnaire was used to mentally assess dry mouth (zerostomia) and the Zong self-assessment scale was used to assess depression. Spitting method was used to evaluate the amount of stimulated and unstimulated saliva (objective dry mouth or hyposalivation). When saliva was less than 0.1 g/min, objective dry mouth was stimulated and when saliva was less than 0.7g/min, objective dry mouth was considered non-irritating. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test.

In the present study, 399 patients (118 males, 280 females) were studied. Dry mouth (zerostomia) was found in 46% of the population. However, 18.5% had non-stimulated objective dry mouth and 12.3% had objectively stimulated dry mouth. Patients aged 30 to 45 years suffered more from mental and objective dry mouth compared to other age groups (p=0.048 and p=0.032). Depression, use of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs and low level of education were significantly associated with objective dry mouth (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p=0.038).

Mental dry mouth can occur apart from objective dry mouth. Correspondingly, dry mouth as an objective and mental symptom can be seen not only in the elderly but similarly in the young peoples. Physicians and dentists must deal with the factors that cause this complication, such as; depression, medications, and education levels as a disabling and destructive condition that affects all age groups.

The birth of a premature baby and his/her hospitalization at birth, affects on family function. This study aimed to identify the effect of family-centered care on family function of preterm newborns hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

In this quasi-experimental study, Parents of 60 premature infants with fetal age between 30 and 36 weeks hospitalized in the NICU of Hafez Hospital in Shiraz were selected by convenience sampling method. They then were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups (30 parents in each group).   In the experimental group, family-centered care was performed on the parents of premature infants admitted in four steps, before the seventh day of hospitalization with the presence of the researcher and the family next to the infant. Family function was measured using the Family Assessment Device (FAD). The data was analyzed by SPSS (v.24) using descriptive and statistics tests such as t-test and ANCOVA.

The mean score of family function of mothers in the pre-intervention stage in the control group was 186.20 ±7.48 and in the experimental group was 188.43±5.96. After the intervention, the mean score of family function of parents in the control group was 185.73± 7.13 and in the experimental group was 181.26±8.83, which had a significant decrease compared to them before the intervention, showing improvement. The results of univariate analysis of covariances (ANCOVA) showed that family-centered care had an effect on the test group and improved their family performance.

Implementing family-centered care by emphasizing the presence of family members, especially the father next to the mother leads to improving the family function of premature infant more than the usual care methods. These interventions are cost-effective, feasible, practical, and effective, and the effective participation of parents in the care of the baby will have positive effects on the process of his/her recovery

Rangeland production is especially important in meeting food requirement of rangeland societies. Sometimes, historical data are required for long-term grazing capacity estimation. Regression equations that are reasonably reliable for predicting forage production from precipitation characteristics have been developed for rangeland yield estimation. In this research, the relationship between forage production and meteorological factors was evaluated with six-year data for Pashaylogh and Incheboron rangelands (2003 to 2007 and 2017- Golestan province, Iran) and eleven-year data for Nemati rangeland (1998 to 2007 and 2017- Markazi province, Iran). For sampling, four parallel transects with a length of 300 m and at a distance of 100 m from each other were established in the steppe area (Nemati) and six 200-m transects were created in the semi-steppe area (Pashaylogh and Incheboron) and they were located parallel and at a distance of 100 m from each other. Due to the need for uniformity in the data of the rangelands of different provinces and their comparison, plot size of 1×2 m was selected in steppe site, and 1×1 m for semi-steppe sites. Data analysis was done through regression models. The results showed that forage production was related to temperature and precipitation rather than other meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, sunlight hours, relative humidity, evapotranspiration and average wind speed). The best equation that can predict the relationship between meteorological data and forage production was August precipitation and temperature (R2=0.88) in Pashaylogh, the precipitation of June (R2=0.88) in Incheboron rangelands. There was a relationship between forage production (R2=0.79) with precipitation and temperature in July and in Nemati rangeland. The forage production index was determined based on effective meteorological factors and The Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration (SPEI) drought index. According to meteorological data, a coefficient could be obtained to estimate long-term rangeland production and prevent from forage loss.

Agency problems result from the conflict of interests existing among managers and shareholders. Auditing is considered as an effective way to limit the power of managers in contractual relations.  This paper is aimed to investigate the market response to the quality of audit partners work. To test the hypothesis, data from firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period from 2009 to 2017 are collected and the regression model of cross-sectional data and panel data is used. The results of the first hypothesis of the research confirm that in firms with high quality work of audit partners, revenue has a higher reflection in stock prices. The high quality of the audit partner's work manages and controls information asymmetry and, therefore, the agency's problems related to the firm's management decisions. The second hypothesis that is changing the auditor and selecting a higher quality auditor leads to a positive market reaction, is also confirmed. If the market believes that using higher quality auditors increases the information content of profits and decreases abnormal returns, the audit market response when changing auditors and selecting a higher quality auditing partner is closer to reality (predicted levels). Also, the results confirms the third hypothesis that is auditing by high quality auditing partners has a significant impact on the amount of facilities received. Because the quality of the audit partners’ work has a significant impact on the creditors' view of the risk and timing of the repayment of receivables, therefore the amount of facilities granted increases. On the other hand, the stock price in these firms is a reflection of the real income of them. ‌

Evaluation in hospitals is a necessity in the way of promoting the health of the community and requires valid and reliability instruments. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing and psychometrics "Evaluation Criteria for Health Promoting Hospitals Scale".

The present research is methodological. Initially, a comprehensive review of the research topics included documents, service providers at hospital management levels, all published library documents, and national strategic documents in the field of hospital health promotion and Social Security documents. The " Evaluation Criteria for Health Promoting Hospitals Scale" was then developed with 72 items. Face validity, content validity ratio, and content validity index were measured by a survey of 10 experts. Construct validity (factor analysis) was determined by distributing the scale between 272 samples. Reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient with 15 participants and composite reliability. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 21 and LISREL.

The " Evaluation Criteria for Health Promoting Hospitals Scale" was developed with 68 items, 11 components (in 3 structural, process and consequential dimensions). The ratio of content validity, content validity index and construct validity was confirmed. Reliability was performed by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient and its value was 0.758 for structural dimension, 0.895 for process dimension and 0.924 for consequential dimension. 

The "Evaluation Criteria for Health Promoting Hospitals Scale” with 68 items, 11 components (in 3 structural, process and consequential dimensions), has a high validity and reliability. It is recommended to use the above scale to evaluate health promotion hospitals.

While mentioning the purpose of sending the messengers to aware the general public and inviting them to the religion, the Qurʼan has also spoken realistically about the possibilities, methods, and challenges of the invitation path. One of the most important challenges is the unfaithfulness. The Qurʼan speaks of people who have lacked the capability of faithfulness in a process. A systematic understanding of this process and discovering its factors will guide us to a new level of invitation to religion that relies on the pre-invitation stage. The present study is conducted with thematic content analysis method and syntagmatic relations between words in a discourse analysis. Two words "لا یومنون" and "ما کانوا لیومنوا" are the pivot of the unfaithful verses. The findings of the study show that achieving a network of themes around a central concept requires a text-based approach with a holistic view to the Qur'an. The unfaithfulness in some humans has a significant relationship with the conceptual net of "denial", "seal of the heart," “loss,” “mala’,” “debauchery,” and “oppression”. The loser is a man who has become unfaithful. Loss has been cited in numerous verses of the Qur'an as an effect of some factors, among which the factor of "denial" plays a key role. Denial is a more serious stage of confrontation with religion that begins from the upper levels of society, specifically the "mala’ class", and gradually in a multi-step process reaches the middle and lower levels of society in order to oppose to the Prophets’ call.

Health promotion is a new mission of hospitals, and the mission of health promotion hospitals is to change the treatment-oriented approach to the health-oriented approach. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the components of health promotion hospitals.

The present study is an integrated review that searches using the keywords Health Promotion, Evaluation model, Hospitals (HPHs) and review in IranMedex Iran Medical Sciences Article Information; (SID) Published by Jihad Daneshgahi Scientific Database PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct, (Magiran) Iran Publications Database, (IranDoc) Iranian Scientific Documents CINAHL, and Google Scholar was obtained. The time of the documents used for the year 2004 to the end of 2018 was determined with the priority of the newer documents. Finally, 76 articles were reviewed. Among the 76 Persian and English articles reviewed, 15 articles were selected that were more closely related to the subject.

Among the 76 Persian and English articles reviewed, 15 articles were selected that were more closely related to the subject. The purpose of establishing health-promoting hospitals was to improve the quality of health care, increase patient satisfaction and their companions, improve the work environment of medical centers, and increase hospital employee satisfaction. The criteria for evaluating a health promotion hospital in the structural dimension consisted of three components (communication and cooperation, organizational development and hospital infrastructure development); all components were of great importance. In the process, which had the highest evaluation criteria (31), four components (management policy; resource planning; patient evaluation and interventions and healthy human capital) were extracted and proposed. In the validation stage, 30 criteria were approved. In the consequential dimension, 27 criteria were obtained in the form of four components (organization leadership, patient health promotion, staff health promotion and community health promotion).

The results of this study can help establish a health promotion hospital with appropriate indicators and standards of hospital centers and can be effective as a valid tool in monitoring, policy, service quality assessment, health promotion, hospital staff and community promotion interventions.

In discourse, a set of vocabulary words is called a labeled (marked) which has meanings beyond the level of vocabulary. Concentration of choice of such words in poetry is a way toward the facts that have flowed in history. This issue in Nezami’s poem sometimes inapparently places inside marked words which the poet has chosen. In this article, in the way of descriptive – analytic and studying resources related to Nezami’s era history, we consider effective events on the artist’s mind. Then we, with derivation and study of high frequency and marked words in Khamse, proceeded with Significant correlation between the presence of this words in poem and events placed on age of his life. And in order to make a methodical analysis, we chose Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach. The result showed: The poet's language is a social act, which, while creating its social relationships and identities, is their constructor and a tool for turn to solving odds of power.