فهرست مطالب مجید کریمی

the guiding elements of security protection are decisive and form the foundation stone and the general framework of the counter-intelligence field. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was formed based on the principle of velayat-e-faqih, it is important to know the discussed elements in the discourse of velayat-e-faqih. Therefore, this article is written with the aim of explaining the pillars of the direction of security protection, goals, doctrine and strategic policies in the discourse of the religious authority in the statement of the second step.

This research is of applied type in terms of purpose and of mixed type (qualitative, quantitative) in terms of method and has an inductive approach. The main goal of the research is to analyze the content of the Supreme Leader's orders regarding security issues. The method of data collection is in the form of a library and referring to the sites, and qualitative methods of content analysis and correlation have been used to analyze the data. The statistical community, the leadership's orders in the statement of the second step is the study item of this article and considering that the researcher is trying to answer the questions according to the measures and orders, it is exploratory.

By examining the available data in the content of policies and orders, at first, 55 sub-categories of accessibility were identified, and in the analysis of the findings, finally 26 indicators in three components; Objectives (7 indicators), doctrine (9 indicators) and policies (10 indicators) for the directional elements of security protection from the point of detection and the degree of correlation of the identified cases in the expert group of 30 people have been examined and analyzed with SPSS software, which indicates a direct relationship. And they are meaningful.

In some cases, the interaction between the polar group and the metal center leads to irreversible poisoning of the catalyst. In other cases, although the presence of a polar comonomer reduces the activity of the catalyst, it does not stop the polymerization and the process continues at a low speed. Also, one of the most critical issues in coordination copolymerization is the low percentage of comonomer insertion in the chain. Polar monomers may be less inclined to participate in the reaction than non-polar monomers. During the polymerization process, a series of side reactions may occur that lead to the production of neutral products and reduce the activity of the catalyst. Meanwhile, polar comonomer can cause irreversible deactivation of the catalyst by performing side reactions. Another problem that must be taken care of during the copolymerization of non-polar olefins with polar monomers is to perform polymerization in a way other than the coordination method, which will lead to the production of different products. In this article, in order to overcome the problems in coordination copolymerization, several important strategies have been reviewed.

One of the most important social and security challenges of the world and the Islamic Republic of Iran is the issue of drug addiction and trafficking, which has caused many problems for the people of the world. Meanwhile, foreign nationals have played a significant role in drug smuggling inside and outside the country. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of foreign nationals in drug smuggling and transit in one of the northwestern provinces of the country.

This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and using the research method of directed thematic analysis to obtain the views of the participants about the research topic. The participants of the present research were 12 experts and specialists in dealing with drug trafficking and transit in the studied province; who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and were present in the interview process until reaching theoretical saturation. The semi-structured interview data collection tool and data analysis was MAXQDA software.

It showed that foreign nationals have played an effective role in the smuggling and transit of drugs to Turkey and other European countries, and these role-plays are in the form of elites of foreign nationals on transit and smuggling routes, elites of official and unofficial roads, and elites of markets. Commercial, elites on the organization and structure of gangs, cultural and recreational commonalities, linguistic and religious commonalities, monetary support and non-monetary support were identified.

Considering the statistics and identification of the role of foreign nationals in drug trafficking and transit in the studied province, educational and awareness measures for police officers and drivers of transit vehicles, as well as information and security measures as solutions to prevent trafficking and transit Drugs were suggested.

Due to the lack of rainfall and the negative balance of groundwater aquifers in recent years, the use of unconventional water sources such as effluents and sewage for artificial feeding is one of the important methods to deal with decline in groundwater aquifers. In the Borujen-Faradonbeh plain, in order to reduce the effects of drought on groundwater resources, the aquifer of this plain has been artificially fed using the effluent of the Borujen treatment plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the effluent of Borujen water treatment plant on the quality of groundwater resources in this plain.

To investigate the quality of effluent and its effect on the downstream water of the treatment plant, water wells downstream and upstream were sampled. The samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory and analyzes including the concentrations of Mg, Ca, K Li, Na, S, St, Si, Sc, V, Ba, Cr and V were performed on the samples.

The results showed that except for calcium, potassium and chromium elements which were not statistically significant differences between the water samples taken from the upstream and downstream of the treatment plant (sig> 0.05) but the number of other elements differed between the upstream and downstream wells of the treatment plant. Were significant (sig <0.05). But the same amount is within the set standards. Also, IDW maps related to these elements showed that the northern and northwestern parts of the plain (downstream of the Borujen city treatment plant) have areas with high concentrations of these elements.

Altruism is a social action whose current and sari is a sign of social connection, and it contributes vitally to the durability of social order, prevention, control and treatment of social issues, as well as the development and excellence of moral virtues. Therefore, the spread of such an important value among social classes, especially students, is essential and fruitful. How prevalent is altruism among students? And what kind of cultural values is this important? The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of individualistic and collectivist cultural values on the tendency to altruistic behaviors of 1736 male high school students of Juibar city. Using the Cochran formula and cluster random sampling method, 320 students were selected and by using the standard questionnaires of Carlo and Randall (2003) to measure the altruism tendency of these students and Sivadas et al. (2008) to measure Their individualistic and collectivist cultural values, the desired data were collected. The findings showed that the cultural values of two poles are not opposite and we are witnessing the mixing of individualistic and collectivist cultural values with a relative increase in individualism. The results of the regression analysis also indicated that among the variables of cultural values; The variable of individualistic cultural values has no effect on the tendency towards altruistic behavior of these students, but the collectivist cultural values have a positive effect on the tendency towards altruistic behavior and dimensions of altruistic behavior (submissive, critical situation, emotional and anonymous) of these students. had.

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is one of the biggest and most valuable heritages of Iran's golden culture. In this book, we come across the stories of many of our ancestors and learn a lot from our distant past. In the meantime, Shahnameh's poems, apart from sweet, smooth and simple storytelling, have historical data about the lives of people, countrymen and borders, which are valuable in some of the events of Iran's ancient and ancient past. Ferdowsi's statements in the Shahnameh are sometimes about the history of people, kings and territories that are still spoken about and hundreds of evaluations and different interpretations are made. The sage of Tous begins the story of Turan from the time of dividing the Iranian world in the Pishdadi era when Fereydun gives the lands of Iran to his three children and three Iranian kings. Iraj becomes the eldest son of the king of Iran. The second son of Tur becomes the king of Turan or Turks and China lands, and Salm also becomes the king of Western lands or Rome and beyond Rome.This essay aims to assess Turan historical and geographical roots by representing what is mentioned in the Shahnameh about the name of Turan. Then, how the name Turan is connected with Turks has been analyzed based on the poems of Ferdowsi, as well as the statements and attitudes of other Shahnameh scholars of the word Turan.

The present research was conducted with the aim of dealing with organized drug trafficking strategies in the border villages of West Azarbaijan province. This research was conducted in the framework of qualitative approach and basic data research method. The participants included 14 experts from the anti-narcotics police and border guard command of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as traffickers and drug-related criminals, who were selected using a purposeful sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview and data analysis in MAXQDA software platform. The findings showed that the natural geographical situation, long borders and border gaps, facilitation of the smuggling process by agents located at the border and the support of organized groups as causal factors, weakness in border control coverage, weakness in the structure of fighting forces, poverty, and unemployment. and the disorderly situation of the border residents, the existence of exchange capacities in the border and the social connections of the border residents with the other side of the border as background factors and finally the lack of level of government services, the disordered family situation, the weakness of laws and regulations, the weakness of cultural and religious values. and the low level of awareness as intervening factors have a significant effect on the commission of drug crimes in border villages. The consequences included security-police, personal-social and economic consequences. Law enforcement-security approach, public awareness, legislation and economic approach were proposed as coping strategies with the central phenomenon.

The purpose of this study was to design a virtual business development model in the field of sports services based on data theory. The research method is qualitative with a systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included two sections of human society (sports managers (clubs, boards, federations, etc.), coaches and athletes active in the field of sports services and professors of sports management and sports marketing) and the information society. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected based on theoretical saturation, non-probability purposeful and snowball technique (16 people and 26 documents). The validity of the instrument was assessed using qualitative validation methods (content validity, kappa coefficient (0.801)). For data analysis, a systematic approach has been used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Finally, 18 main categories (education, innovation, participation in cyberspace, stakeholder network, content production, public awareness of virtual sports services, virtual business development of sports services, budget, tax system, economy, information, market orientation, After-sales service, innovation and creativity (attitude, culture, commercialization and branding) and 23 concepts were extracted. The development of virtual sports business in providing sports services is of great importance and has several aspects. Also, using this model, one can expect the development of a virtual sports business in sports services.

The term criminal law has always been considered in all countries in order to increase the efficiency of laws, and based on this, many laws have been revised or articles have been added to them. Accordingly, in this way; Legislative criminal policy, which is the primary and upper layer of the country's criminal policy, is the guardian and the main reference for policy making in the field of drug crimes, regarding the effect of additional article 45 of the Anti-Narcotics Law approved in 1396, which was adopted by the Islamic Majlis by adopting a series of criminal policies and The criminality of this single article was approved, this research aims to measure and examine the impact of this additional article from the point of view of judicial officers.

The research method of this research is in the form of qualitative analysis. Due to its exploratory nature, this research is of the type of qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews of judicial officers who have answered the research questions using coding analysis, and then the hypotheses proposed in the survey method. They have been tested for the approval of the quality department. The statistical population of the qualitative section has reached theoretical saturation with ten judicial agents.

The findings from the analysis of the interviews showed that this law did not have a significant effect and did not have a favorable effect on the prevention of crimes, and judicial agents do not consider

The purpose of this research was to analyze the challenges of developing virtual businesses in the field of sports services and to provide suitable solutions. The research method is qualitative. The statistical population included all sports managers (clubs, boards, sports pages, etc.) and trainers and athletes active in the field of sports services. A sufficient statistical sample was selected based on theoretical saturation in a targeted non-probabilistic manner and snowball technique (16 people and 13 documents). The validity of the tool was evaluated using qualitative methods. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Finally, 7 main challenges of budget, tax system, economic fluctuations, participation in virtual space, knowledge and virtual information, cultural barriers and branding were extracted and the necessary solutions were presented in this field. According to the research results, it can be said that the development of virtual sports business in providing sports services suffers from many challenges and these challenges have different aspects, but by improving the challenges and eliminating them, we can expect the development of virtual sports business in the field of sports services.

The subject of intelligence aristocracy is the demand of the Supreme Leader. He has always demanded the dominance and intelligence aristocracy of the system. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police.

This research has been done within the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data research method of the foundation. The statistical population of the study included experts (deputies and heads of intelligence and operations departments, special operations, cyberspace center, regional and international affairs of the anti-narcotics police and FATA police experts until the theoretical saturation) and 13 people. . MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data and SPSS software was used for descriptive and inferential analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire.

The findings of the analysis of the content of the interviews showed that in the process of promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police, 4 dimensions, 20 components and 120 indicators (concepts) should be considered.

The results showed that the effective dimensions in promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police can be presented in the form of guidelines, requirements, information management and multidimensional aristocracy. The output of the present study led to the drawing of a model for the promotion of the intelligence elite of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police.

Currently, the methods of drug trafficking in the world are changing from traditional methods to new methods. The present research was conducted to present a technological predictive model with foresight in dealing with the air smuggling of narcotics from the borders. This study was prepared in terms of practical purpose, terms of mixed method, and terms of collecting statistics and information in the field and through interviews and questionnaire tools. The participants in the qualitative part of the research included 17 experts and managers of strategic levels who were experts in the subject, and who were selected using the snowball sampling method. The statistical community of the quantitative part was also experts in the fight against narcotics and flight science experts, and there were 90 people, and 73 of them were selected as members of the statistical sample using the Morgan table and the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview with a reliability coefficient of 0.91, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.84. In this research, MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data and SPSS software was used to analyze the data from the quantitative questionnaire. The findings led to the identification of 80 basic themes, 17 constructive themes, and 4 inclusive themes to formulate and design a technological predictive model to deal with possible drug smuggling in the future through the borders. The results of the quantitative part of the research also indicated that the themes identified can play a significant role in combating the air smuggling of narcotics from the borders in the future and can be considered suitable predictors for providing a technological predictive model.

Floating rate issuance is one of the financial innovations that has attracted the attention of the ‎public and private sectors in recent decades. Basically, financiers are looking for access to less ‎expensive financial resources, and investors are also looking for high-yield, low-risk investment ‎opportunities. Accordingly, the design of this tool should be in a way to bring the utility of both ‎parties to a satisfactory point, which is provided according to the conditions, expectations and ‎economic policies. When the government enters as an economic policy maker, this issue takes on ‎other dimensions, so the issue of economic management of the country, management of ‎government debts and liabilities, the amount of money and liquidity, formation of interest rates in ‎the economy and its relationship with budget deficits, management of economic cycles and its ‎determination is of great importance that should be considered in the design of this tool. Treasury ‎inflation protected securities are a type of floating-rate securities that are often issued by ‎governments, so they need to be studied more carefully in order to be more localized. The present ‎article uses a descriptive-analytical method to examine the advantages and disadvantages of ‎issuing securities for the government. The results of this study show that the economic effects of ‎Treasury Inflation Protected Securities are very different from floating-rate securities, and given ‎the current economic situation of the country with high and variable inflation rates, treasury ‎inflation protected securities are recommended.‎

The aim of the present study was the study of mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent in Bu- Ali Sina University students. The population of this study consists of all arrival undergraduate students( 94-95 academic year) in Bu-Ali Sina University, 322(male and female) students were selected as a sample. Three questionnaire used: Parental Bonding questionnaire( PBI), Maladaptive schema questionnaire short form(SQ-SF) and addiction talent questionnaire students version( ASQ-SV). SPSS and LISREL software was used to analyze the data collected. The results showed that parental bonding( parental low care and overprotection) either directly or indirectly with mediating of early maladaptive schemas impact on addiction talent. Finally, in this research the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent was presented as a model.

The important Treaty of Kars, signed between the governments of Turkey, the Soviet Union, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia on October 13, 1921, led to the transfer of Nakhjavan to the Republic of Azerbaijan. After the First World War, the Armenians first took political-military steps to annex Nakhjavan to the fledgling Republic of Armenia. However, all their efforts failed due to the presence of strong rivals such as the Soviet Union and Turkey. As a result, the Treaty of Kars not only created a new political unit in the Caucasus, but also from a geopolitical point of view, led to the formation of a new political geography in northwestern Iran. The present descriptive-analytical study, using a historical method based on library and archival documents, mainly aimed to show how the sequence of the events of the early years of World War I influenced the formation of the political unit of Nakhjavan. Therefore, this study concerns the possible impact of the First World War on the political developments in Nakhjavan, from the Batum treaty to the Kars treaty. Although Soviet and Turkish governments were politically and militarily weak due to the consequences of the First World War, the research findings show that the common interests of both fledgling countries paved the way for starting their influence in South Caucasus by handing over Nakhjavan to the Republic of Azerbaijan to keep their further control of the region.

Targeted confrontation with emerging drugs and psychotropic substances in the international arena requires appropriate aggressive and preventive strategies in line with the nature of criminal activities. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of international cooperation with the approach of counter-narcotics and emerging psychotropic substances.

This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data research method of the foundation. Research participants include experts (military affiliates of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region and internationally, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Interior (International Affairs), regional and international affairs of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police, Anti-Narcotics Headquarters The Republic, the International Police and the NAJA Security Police and the NAJA Narcotics Officers in Neighboring Countries until the theoretical saturation) and 12 people were selected as the participants of the study using the snowball sampling method. MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data.

The findings of the content analysis of the interviews showed that in the process of international cooperation with the anti-narcotics approach and emerging psychopaths, 3 dimensions, 7 components and 21 indicators should be considered.

The results showed that effective dimensions in international cooperation with the approach of counter-narcotics and emerging psychotropics can be in the form of three dimensions: 1- Regional or international bilateral or multilateral cooperation, 2- Interaction and cooperation regarding the implementation of Article 43 of the Anti-Narcotics Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of controlled shipments and 3- Exchange of information on emerging drug shipments and emerging psychotropic substances. The output of the present study led to the design of a model of international cooperation with the approach of combating drugs and emerging psychotropic substances.

The spread of cybercrime in countries with the largest number of users of computers and the Internet has led governments to think of a legal and legal mechanism to deal with such crimes. The purpose of this study was to present a model for tracking drug and psychotic crime in cyberspace.

This study was a mixed and exploratory research. The statistical population included 8 experts in the qualitative part of the study (heads of the anti-narcotics and FATA police departments until theoretical saturation) and in the quantitative sections all the narcotics officers in the cyberspace. The Najah Anti-Narcotics Police Feta Najah police were 58 individuals who were selected as members of the statistical sample of the research using the whole number sampling method. The MAXQDA software was used for qualitative data analysis and SPSS and Smart Pls software were used for descriptive and inferential analysis of the data.

The results of the content analysis showed that in the process of drug and psychiatric crime tracking in the cyber space there should be 3 dimensions, 15 components and 87 indicators (concept).

The results showed that effective dimensions of cybercrime drug abuse can be in the form of information measures, operational measures and judicial and administrative measures. The research output has led to the drawing up of a cybercrime tracking pattern that can be used as a comprehensive model as well as a model applied by the Counter Narcotics Police. It was also clear from the results that the use of the proposed model and its use in missions would have a significant impact on the success of the cybercrime police.

Nowadays drug trafficking and its relating crimes have been known as an organized crime and has been created as a main problem for most countries of the world. This study was to identify the dimensions and components of crime detection strategies in organized drug crimes so as to improve the current situation.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and data type a qualitative research and in terms of research method, Thematic analysis. Participants in this study, based on the rule and principle of theoretical saturation, included 22 experts who were available in the field of organized crime, crime detection strategies that selected by purposive and theoretical sampling. Data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and to ensure the validity of the assessment tool, in addition, it was used the content validity and face validity that was based on the data using MAXQDA software, in three stages of open, axial and selective coding, analysis and analyzed. Data validation was done by descriptive and verifiable methods by participants.

Based on the research findings, five specific strategies were examined respectively as follow: structure strategies and drug possess, control and fighting (National), intra -organizational interactions (National environment), extra -organizational interactions (International) and strengthen manpower which were determined as 110components.

The most important results of these strategies include; Strengthen police structure, increase operational budget, The Dominance of Intelligence, intelligence and remote sensing, strengthen police and border diplomacy, plan overseas operations, establish special anti-narcotics judicial complexes, enhance the effectiveness of surveillance and control measures, strengthen Education and preventive measures, etc.

In recent years, the western and northwestern borders of the country have become the entry point for new drugs and psychedelics, and the border police and the fight against narcotics have faced a serious challenge in the fight against drug trafficking. The aim of this study was to provide strategies to combat the trafficking of emerging addictive substances (NPS) from the borders of West Azerbaijan province. This research was conducted within the framework of qualitative approach and data foundation research method (Strauss and Corbin approach). Participants in the study, which included 20 experts from the NAJA Border Command, the NAJA Counter-Narcotics Police, the Economic Security Police, and emerging drug traffickers and criminals, used purposive sampling to achieve theoretical saturation. Were used. The instrument used for the interview was semi-structured. Findings showed border with supplying countries, poverty and unemployment, high profitability, long borders and border gaps as causal factors, weakness in control equipment and training of border workers, lack of intelligence and pollution of forces involved as Underlying factors and ultimately the tendency to use, targeted propaganda, weakness in religious laws and cultural values and not being controlled by international conventions as interfering factors have a significant impact on the smuggling of emerging addictive substances from the borders of West Azerbaijan province. Consequences included security-disciplinary, personal-social and economic consequences. The results showed that increasing authority, action and practice, public awareness and legislation can be considered as strategies to deal with the central phenomenon.

The development of the government debt market has always been a challenge for policymakers and economic planners. Some countries consider the development of the government debt market to stimulate the real sector of the favorable and undesirable economy. But efficient monetary and monetary policy stimulate the behavior of the real sector of the economy, more than anything else, they need efficient tools that can be defined and organized in the context of the development of the government debt market. Given the importance of this issue, the present study examined the effects of debt market development threshold on the efficiency of monetary and fiscal policies in stimulating private sector consumption over 68 countries during the period 2018-2019. In this case, we have the following: Experimental results from STR modeling show that the behavior of economic variables with regard to private sector consumption is structurally failing when government debt-to-GDP ratios reach above 70%. Thus, the consumption of the private sector takes on two behavioral regimes. In both behavioral regimes, the Ricardian equality theory is rejected, and the positive effect of government debt on private sector consumption in the high state debt regime is greater than the low government debt regime. The effect of monetary and fiscal policies on private sector consumption in two government debt regimes is also defined as a linear function of the ratio of government debt to GDP whose width and origin of this effect function in both regimes. Behavior is completely different.

 A cochlear implant (CI) is now the standard treatment option for management of children with profound hearing loss. Cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) is a non-invasive procedure that can be used to objectively assess the maturation of the auditory cortex in children. The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of CI on central auditory plasticity in children through a novel CAEPs recording. Subjects and

In this analytic cross-sectional study, 42 children with profound prelingual hearing loss (age range: 2-3 years) participated. The CAEP responses were recorded across "before implantation ", "4-month post-implantation", and "8-month post-implantation" time points via HearLab system. For all children, the latency and wave amplitude of P1 wave was determined in response to /m/, /g/ and /s/ speech stimuli.

The maen latency of P1 wave was significantly reduced for all speech stimuli after implantation compared to pre-CI time point (p <0.001). Similarly, the amplitude of P1 was significantly increased for after CI compared to pre-CI condition (p <0.001). Furthermore, the comparison of the latency and wave amplitude of the P1 in response to different speech stimuli demonstrated that the lowest latency and the largest amplitude was belong to /g/, and /m/ stimuli, respectively.

Our findings indicated that the latency and amplitude of CAEPs after implantation were reduced and increased, respectively. These results providing a document for increased neural activity (neuroplasticity) in auditory cortex region in children who underwent cochlear implantation at appropriate time.

Addictive industrial substances, in addition to the social consequences that lead to a greater tendency to abuse, due to the extremely dangerous compounds used in their production and manufacture, have harmful effects and consequences on physical health and It creates the psychology of their users, so the prevention and fight against drug trafficking and the industrial precursors needed for it, especially in border areas such as Baneh, there are many forms and types of trafficking is very important. Understanding the importance of this research, identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the operational capacity of the province's anti-narcotics police against the entry of precursors of addictive industrial materials.

The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied nature and its method. The required statistics and information have been done through library studies and field surveys (questionnaires). 149 employees of the Anti-Narcotics Police of Kurdistan Province constitute the statistical population of the study, of which 110 people have been questioned as a statistical sample. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate regression and Friedman tests.

The results of the studies showed that the operational capability of the police against combating and preventing the entry of industrial narcotics precursors is effective. Among the operational capabilities studied, the operational capacity of collecting statistics and information with an average rank of 3.75 of the operational capacity of the force Human resources and equipment and facilities, which have average averages of 3.1 and 2.21, respectively. Examination of the effectiveness of the three variables under study also showed that the variable of manpower operational capacity alone can explain 60.1% of the variance of the dependent variable (prevention and counteraction of industrial precursors). This rate is equal to 55.2 and 40.9 for the two variables of data collection and facilities and equipment, respectively, which indicates that the operational capacity of the police in these two areas is at a lower level.

Adequate budget allocation, raising the level of knowledge and skills of employees, utilizing recorded experiences and increasing the deterrent power of laws are among the measures that can be effective in combating the import of industrial drug precursors.