مجید کریمی

In recent years, the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence and automated content-generation tools has created new challenges for research integrity. Universities affiliated with the General Staff of the Armed Forces—due to the classified and security-sensitive nature of their research—are more vulnerable to risks such as information leakage, scientific misconduct, and the decline of research authenticity. Accordingly, this study aims to present a paradigmatic model of research integrity protection in the age of AI and to explain its dimensions and mechanisms.

This exploratory study was conducted using a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method (Strauss & Corbin). Participants included faculty members, research managers, information-security specialists, AI experts, and research professionals in universities affiliated with the General Staff of the Armed Forces, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via library research and 17 semi-structured interviews and analyzed using MAXQDA. To enhance analytical accuracy and uncover hidden patterns, AI algorithms were employed in the content analysis of interviews.

The results showed that AI-related ethical challenges, low levels of digital research literacy, the absence of intelligent monitoring systems, data vulnerabilities, and regulatory gaps constitute the main causal factors threatening research integrity. Infrastructure limitations, the lack of standardized data repositories, and weak research-culture development were identified as contextual factors, while organizational coordination gaps and the absence of advanced security protocols emerged as intervening conditions. In response, key strategies—such as intelligent authenticity-assessment systems, AI-based misconduct-detection tools, AI-driven data-security protocols, and smart research-literacy training—were identified. These strategies ultimately lead to enhanced scientific authenticity and improved security of research activities.

The proposed model demonstrates that protecting research integrity in universities affiliated with the General Staff of the Armed Forces requires a combination of responsible AI governance, secure technical infrastructures, intelligent monitoring, targeted training, and advanced content-authenticity evaluation systems. The study’s key recommendation is the design and implementation of an integrated AI-based research-integrity protection system capable of securing the entire research cycle—from data production to writing, storage, and dissemination—thus preventing information leakage, scientific misconduct, research fraud, and the creation of non-authentic content.

Cochlear implant (CI) is now the standard treatment option for management of children with profound hearing loss. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are a non-invasive procedure that can be used to objectively assess the maturation of the auditory cortex in children. The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of CI on central auditory maturation in children through a CAEPs recording.

 This cross-sectional study involved a total of 78 children with unilateral CI. CAEPs were recorded in CI recipients in response to /s/, /g/ and /m/ speech stimuli. The CAEP responses were recorded before CI (pre-CI), 2-month post-CI, 6-month post-CI, and 12-month post-CI. The latency and wave amplitude of P1 response was recoded for all children.

The mean latency of P1 wave was significantly reduced for all speech stimuli after CI compared to pre-CI time-point (P<0.001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the amplitude of P1 after CI compared to pre-CI condition (P<0.001). Furthermore, comparisons of P1 latency and wave amplitude in response to different speech stimuli revealed that the /g/ stimulus elicited the lowest latency, and the /m/ stimulus evoked the largest amplitude.

 CAEPs are an objective approach that can be utilized to monitor auditory cortical plasticity in children with congenital deafness after cochlear implantation.

Today, drug trafficking is considered as a major threat that endangers the national security of countries. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic has consistently emphasized, in the general policies of combating narcotics, the need for preventive strategies to counter the threats and harms of narcotic and psychoactive substances, as well as the importance of necessary measures to ensure the serious involvement of people and families in prevention, harm reduction, and treatment of addiction. This study aims to present a model of public participation in law enforcement-oriented prevention of drug trafficking. This is an applied study using a mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) approach. In the qualitative section, the research population includes all scholars, experts, and elites in the field of drug trafficking prevention. Sampling was done purposefully using the snowball method, and data saturation was achieved after interviews with 16 individuals. The quantitative section includes all commanders, managers, and experts working in Iran’s Police Prevention Department (FARAJA), members of the Drug Control Coordination Council, and similar entities. In this section, probabilistic and convenience sampling was used, and questionnaires were administered to a sample of 265 people based on Cochran’s formula. Data were analyzed using PLS software. The model of public participation in drug trafficking prevention within the law enforcement context includes three dimensions: participation in the crime formation process, reduction of opportunity and crime control, and confrontation and combat with crime. Eleven components and 70 indicators were identified and categorized under these three dimensions. Based on the ranking of identified indicators, the top three priorities are: expanding cooperation between NGOs and government agencies with the police, intensifying prevention efforts with a stronger role for NGOs, and expanding international cooperation with global NGOs. It is recommended that FARAJA act according to societal conditions and context by strengthening the identified components and particularly focusing on these three priority indicators.

 The use of smart technologies to increase efficiency and accuracy at inspection stations is currently essential. The purpose of this research is to design smart inspection stations using artificial intelligence to control and detect the smuggling of prohibited goods.

This applied research was conducted with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with AI experts, and prevention police, criminal investigation, economic security, and narcotics suppression officers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Human participants collaborated with machine learning systems to identify hidden patterns and process data. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA software, and the reliability of the research was confirmed using Cohen's kappa coefficient (95%). Theoretical saturation was achieved after the twelfth interview, and the results were validated with the opinions of experts in various fields.

This led to the identification of 27 key operational indicators as actionable measures for inspection stations. Subsequent stages of thematic analysis organized the operational indicators into 9 key dimensions and 3 fundamental components.

The findings showed that the use of artificial intelligence in designing smart inspection stations can be significantly effective in detecting and controlling the smuggling of prohibited goods. Technologies such as image processing, machine learning, occupant behavior analysis, along with biometric identification systems and advanced scanners, can help officers identify suspicious patterns more quickly and accurately, and improve smuggling control and detection operations. The key recommendation of the research was the widespread use of AI technologies by the law enforcement command to enhance the efficiency of the stations.

The increasing demand for illicit drug use and international drug trafficking, the profitability and impact of drug trafficking on the economy and politics, have led organized groups to engage in the international drug trade with ease, relying on cartels and mafia organizations and the support and guidance of hidden powers. The present study was written with the aim of examining the role of international cooperation in the fight against drugs.

The present study is descriptive-analytical and qualitative, using library resources.

Drugs are a problem for all people in the world, and all countries are involved in this problem despite cultural, religious, social, and political and governmental differences. To combat this problem, the international drug control system is under a set of treaties and conventions that have been approved by the United Nations.

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has concluded that the drug problem must be combated globally, and the United Nations is trying to equip countries along the route of drug convoys. In fact, drug trafficking is a problem that no country can control alone. Strong international will and cooperation between governments must underpin the policy of combating drugs. .

The threats posed by drug trafficking in cyber space have become a complex and global challenge, requiring international cooperation and the use of modern technologies. This research examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and law enforcement diplomacy in managing and controlling the threats of drug trafficking in cyber space. his research is applied in nature and qualitative in terms of its approach. For data analysis, the thematic analysis method was used. The participants in the study included 18 experts in the fields of artificial intelligence, police diplomacy, cyber police, and drug trafficking, with human factors and artificial intelligence capabilities being represented by virtual participants. Sampling was done purposefully, and theoretical saturation was achieved at the 11th participant. In the data analysis process, a two-level thematic analysis method was employed. To assess the validity and reliability of the results, the opinions of professors and experts were consulted, and for reliability of the data, the inter-coder reliability method was used. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software and artificial intelligence algorithms. The research led to the identification of 45 basic themes, 9 organizing themes, and 3 overarching themes in designing a law enforcement diplomacy model to strengthen international cooperation in combating drug trafficking in cyber space. The overarching themes were: 1) International cooperation in the development and use of AI, 2) Identifying and tracking trafficking networks using AI, and 3) Surveillance, suppression, and prevention operations using AI. The study concluded that the use of AI in international cooperation through law enforcement diplomacy can effectively reduce the threats posed by drug trafficking in cyber space. By exchanging data and developing common standards, countries can play a significant role in identifying, tracking, and preventing illegal activities in cyber space. Additionally,

Social development requires that individuals in society perceive and consider the benefits they receive from the development process as fair and just. Perceptions of injustice negatively affect social relations and lead to: 1. Increased class distance and public indifference to development progress; 2. Reduced morale and effort among individuals who feel deprived of development plans, and growing distrust of development procedures among the general public; 3. Psychological disorders. One fundamental concept in the social sciences is social justice, which examines the fairness of resources, rights, and opportunities in society (Rawls, 1971: 15). Social justice includes distributive and procedural justice: distributive justice concerns the fair allocation of material and non-material resources among individuals, while procedural justice concerns fair decision-making methods and processes (Rawls, 1971: 70). Social capital is a characteristic of social organization defined by the nature of networks, norms, and the level of social trust; it facilitates cooperation and coordination to achieve mutual benefits (Amirkhani and Pourezat, 2008: 20). Social capital comprises social relations, trust, and civic participation that increase cooperation and solidarity in society (Putnam, 2000: 22). Different studies show that social justice directly and indirectly affects social capital. When people perceive that opportunities and resources are fairly distributed and decision-making processes are just, social trust increases and civic participation grows (Fukuyama, 1995: 89). Likewise, social justice, by strengthening the social fabric, creates conditions for active engagement (Abbaszadeh, 2019: 48). As a fundamental component of societies, social justice plays a key role in fostering social solidarity and sustainable development. The perception of social justice—that is, individuals’ sense of fairness regarding thedistribution of resources, opportunities, and social rights—influences their behaviors, attitudes, and social participation. Research shows that perceived social justice is positively and significantly related to social empowerment and civic participation (Zare et al., 2018).Social justice, by shaping people’s perceptions and actions, provides the foundation for social trust in society (Zare Shahabadi et al., 2014: 72). If people perceive that they are treated fairly, they will behave better, display positive and frank behaviors (Al-Zoubi, 2009: 103), and participatory citizenship behaviors will increase (Holland, 2007: 12). When people compare themselves with others and do not feel a sense of justice, they exhibit strong negative reactions such as job changes, insecurity, sabotage, reduced social participation, and social indifference (Safri Shali and Tawafi, 2018: 127). Also, social justice fosters conditions for active participation by strengthening the social community (Abbaszadeh, 2019: 48). Students, as a young, aware, and dynamic group, constitute one of the most important social driving forces in any society. Due to their high level of awareness, ability to analyze social issues, and capacity for change and progress, they can contribute to positive social transformations. However, this potential depends on the presence of social justice in society, because social justice provides equal opportunities, mutual reinforcement, and increased motivation for students. From Durkheim's perspective (1912: 85), social cohesion and a sense of belonging arise when individuals in society experience fairness in access to opportunities and resources. Also, according to Putnam (1995: 67), social capital, as a key factor of development, is formed on the basis of trust and participatory norms. The presence of social justice strengthens trust and social capital, thereby increasing social participation in civic and social spheres. Therefore, examining the role of the sense of social justice in the process of social development is particularly feasible, because it can be used to design social policies and programs that increase social cohesion and human resource productivity. In this regard, the present study shows that the degree of feeling of social justice on social capital in students of the University of Mazandaran determines. What is the relationship between the sense of social justice and social capital?

The research is quantitative and the method is a survey and the instrument is a questionnaire. A survey is a set of standard and systematic methods that are used to collect information about individuals. (Dowas 1991: 13-14). To measure the sense of social justice, the Hazarajeribi questionnaire (2011) with 11 items was used. The variables of the sense of social justice include: 1. Distributive justice: An individual's assessment of the fairness of outcomes such as salaries, rewards, or opportunities (Lucas et al., 2013: 1328). 2. Procedural justice: An individual's perception of the fairness of processes, methods, and policies that shape decision-making and resource allocation (Greenberg, 1987: 123). For social capital, a questionnaire (Rafiee et al., 2015) with 20 items was used. According to Putnam's theory, social capital is measured in two forms: in-group and out-group. The factor structure of this tool consists of 3 factors related to in-group social capital (empathy and belonging, trust, cooperation and participation) and 2 factors related to out-group social capital(havingrelationships with people with different interests, having relationships with people with different lifestyles). (Rafiee et al., 2015).Social capital variables include: 1. Social trust: an individual’s belief or expectation that others will behave honestly and predictably (Rousseau et al., 1998: 2). 2. Social participation: an individual’s involvement in activities that provide interaction with others in society (Lovazer et al., 2010: 2). 3. Social belonging: a concept that shows that an individual considers himself/herself to be part of a group, society or institution (Putnam, 2000: 66). 4. Empathy: the ability to understand the feelings, needs or perspectives of others. (Mpoff et al., 2024). 5. Diversity of interests and lifestyle: It includes differences in activities, attitudes and lifestyles of individuals in society (Lin, 2001: 24). The statistical population of the study was 12,041 students at the University of Mazandaran, and according to the Cochran formula, the sample required to generalize to the entire statistical population was 373 people. In this study, 397 students completed the questionnaire using a stratified sampling method proportional to the volume. In this study, a standard questionnaire and face validity were used with the opinions of professors and experts in this field, and for reliability, the Cronbach's alpha technique was used.
 

The results show that the average feeling of social justice is 2.16, procedural justice is 2.48, distributive justice is 1.92, social capital is 2.46, empathy and belonging is 3.51, different interests are 3.53, different lifestyle is 3.94, and social participation is 4.10 out of 5.The results of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between the feeling of social justice and social capital, which is in line with the research of Ofof et al. (2013) and Sadeghi (2016). This finding is in line with the theories of distributive justice and procedural justice. According to the theory of distributive justice, fair distribution of resources and opportunities increases trust, cooperation, and social participation (Lundahl, 2012: 54). The theory of procedural justice also emphasizes that the feeling of justice in decision-making processes strengthens institutional trust and social capital (Baron and Greenberg, 1990: 123). From Putnam's perspective, social justice strengthens social capital by increasing trust and civic participation (Putnam, 2000: 32), and from Bourdieu's perspective, injustice weakens social and cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1986: 250). A negative and significant relationship was also observed between the feeling of social justice and a different lifestyle. Merton's anomie theory states that the reduction of social justice creates a gap between social goals and the means to achieve them, leading individuals towards individualistic lifestyles that are incompatible with social norms (Merton, 1968: 45). Bourdieu also emphasizes that inequality in the distribution of economic and cultural capital leads to the formation of distinctive lifestyles that are sometimes incompatible with the social order (Bourdieu, 1986: 247). Another finding showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the feeling of social justice and empathy and social belonging. Durkheim believes that social justice is one of the foundations of social cohesion and that a sense of justice increases empathy and social belonging (Durkheim, 1997: 82). Also, from Putnam's perspective, social justice strengthens mutual trust and support networks, which are directly related to empathy and social belonging (Putnam, 2000: 40). The results of the regression analysis show that among the variables of the sense of social justice, the procedural justice variable has a significant relationship with social capital, and with one standard deviation increase in procedural justice, social capital increases by 0.147 standard deviations. According to Putnam's theory, higher levels of social justice (income equality, equal access to resources) cause people to turn to cooperation and social interaction instead of unhealthy competition. This leads to the strengthening of bonding and bridging social capital. (Putnam, 2000: 22).
 

In his classic work, The Social Division of Labor, Durkheim states that fair rules and norms form the basis of order and cohesion in society. In his view, when the division of labor is based on justice and mutual respect, social relations transform from a merely contractual state into moral and emotional bonds. This increases organic solidarity, strengthens trust, and creates a sense of empathy and mutual belonging among members of society (Durkheim, 1997: 85). Merton explains in his theory of “anomie” that the mismatch between legitimate cultural goals and the legal means to achieve them causes social pressure and may force individuals to engage in deviant behavior or informal innovations. In other words, when opportunities to achieve legitimate goals are limited, feelings of discrimination and relative deprivation increase and the sense of social belonging decreases. In contrast, fair access to institutional channels and opportunities enables individuals to pursue cultural goals through legitimate means. This access strengthens the sense of belonging and social integration and prevents the emergence of feelings of social disconnection and alienation (Merton, 1938: 675). Durkheim believes that social justice is a fundamental condition for cohesion. When justice is perceived, shared values ​​are strengthened and the tendency to adopt extreme lifestyles is reduced (Durkheim, 1893: 54). In this regard, Putnam emphasizes that large differences in lifestyles can lead to the creation of social gaps and the reduction of social capital (Putnam, 2000: 137). Procedural justice can increase empathy and reduce conflicts, and distributive justice can lead to the convergence of lifestyles and the reduction of cultural and social gaps in society.In summary, these results show that the feeling of social justice, as a key structural factor, strengthens social capital and social cohesion and prevents the spread of divergent lifestyles.

Combating drug trafficking in the country faces numerous damages and challenges. The purpose of this research is to identify the damages and challenges of combating drug trafficking at the Kangān Maritime Police Base.

This applied research has an exploratory nature and was conducted using a qualitative approach. The participants in this study were intra-organizational experts, including law enforcement and maritime police commanders and managers of Bushehr province (such as the commander and deputy commander, the head of the drug enforcement police, and provincial deputies), who were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with them, and data reached theoretical saturation after 15 interviews. The findings from the interviews were analyzed thematically at three levels. The extracted themes, along with the interview transcripts, were provided to three other coders, and their corrective feedback was incorporated.

The 135 basic themes identified from the interviews were categorized at two more abstract levels: organizing and global themes. Seventy-nine damages were identified in the domain of policies and methods (within 12 organizing themes), 7 damages in the domain of laws and regulations (within 3 organizing themes), and 49 damages in the domain of human resources (within 8 organizing themes).

To overcome the damages and challenges, the existing penalties in the law must acquire a deterrent aspect. Suitable income-generating jobs should be created within the study area to encourage people to engage in these occupations instead of drug trafficking. Preventive programs should be delegated to the people for implementation. Cooperation with neighboring countries and international organizations for information exchange, tracking and arresting traffickers, and intensifying border surveillance can be effective.

Context and purpose The process of confronting and fighting drug trafficking includes a decisive fight against all illegal activities and actions related to the trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances and their precursors. which with the comprehensive use of intelligence, military and law enforcement facilities in identifying, pursuing and destroying gangs and networks and confronting the main domestic and international factors based on study and research, human capital, strengthening, equipping and developing units and care systems Effective control of the border is the use of regional and global diplomacy capacities and.... 

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and it has been carried out in terms of a mixed (mixed) method, so that firstly, through qualitative method and through interviews with thinkers, experts and elites in the number of 16 people until reaching theoretical saturation and finally until reaching Data saturation is done And then, in a quantitative way, the obtained model has been validated with a researchermade questionnaire extracted from the qualitative section after validation. So that by using the questionnaire tool and referring to the samples selected from the statistical population of 265 people, the necessary measures have been taken and data analysis has been done through PLS software. 

Considering the conditions of the fight, methods and strategies for combating drugs in implementing public participation in drug-free agriculture based on the method of confronting and combating crime, four organizing themes (components) have been obtained, which are: The overt operations approach, the intelligence or covert operations approach, the combat-tactical approach, and the supervised transportation and delivery approach. Each of these approaches requires different strategies for public participation in the prevention of drug trafficking by law enforcement, and has been examined in this study. 

Accordingly, it is necessary for the police force to strengthen the components and indicators related to functional measures and provide the components and indicators in this research, taking into account environmental interventions, to implement programs related to public participation in law enforcement prevention of drug trafficking, in accordance with the environment and conditions of the society

the guiding elements of security protection are decisive and form the foundation stone and the general framework of the counter-intelligence field. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was formed based on the principle of velayat-e-faqih, it is important to know the discussed elements in the discourse of velayat-e-faqih. Therefore, this article is written with the aim of explaining the pillars of the direction of security protection, goals, doctrine and strategic policies in the discourse of the religious authority in the statement of the second step.

This research is of applied type in terms of purpose and of mixed type (qualitative, quantitative) in terms of method and has an inductive approach. The main goal of the research is to analyze the content of the Supreme Leader's orders regarding security issues. The method of data collection is in the form of a library and referring to the sites, and qualitative methods of content analysis and correlation have been used to analyze the data. The statistical community, the leadership's orders in the statement of the second step is the study item of this article and considering that the researcher is trying to answer the questions according to the measures and orders, it is exploratory.

By examining the available data in the content of policies and orders, at first, 55 sub-categories of accessibility were identified, and in the analysis of the findings, finally 26 indicators in three components; Objectives (7 indicators), doctrine (9 indicators) and policies (10 indicators) for the directional elements of security protection from the point of detection and the degree of correlation of the identified cases in the expert group of 30 people have been examined and analyzed with SPSS software, which indicates a direct relationship. And they are meaningful.

In some cases, the interaction between the polar group and the metal center leads to irreversible poisoning of the catalyst. In other cases, although the presence of a polar comonomer reduces the activity of the catalyst, it does not stop the polymerization and the process continues at a low speed. Also, one of the most critical issues in coordination copolymerization is the low percentage of comonomer insertion in the chain. Polar monomers may be less inclined to participate in the reaction than non-polar monomers. During the polymerization process, a series of side reactions may occur that lead to the production of neutral products and reduce the activity of the catalyst. Meanwhile, polar comonomer can cause irreversible deactivation of the catalyst by performing side reactions. Another problem that must be taken care of during the copolymerization of non-polar olefins with polar monomers is to perform polymerization in a way other than the coordination method, which will lead to the production of different products. In this article, in order to overcome the problems in coordination copolymerization, several important strategies have been reviewed.

One of the most important social and security challenges of the world and the Islamic Republic of Iran is the issue of drug addiction and trafficking, which has caused many problems for the people of the world. Meanwhile, foreign nationals have played a significant role in drug smuggling inside and outside the country. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of foreign nationals in drug smuggling and transit in one of the northwestern provinces of the country.

This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and using the research method of directed thematic analysis to obtain the views of the participants about the research topic. The participants of the present research were 12 experts and specialists in dealing with drug trafficking and transit in the studied province; who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and were present in the interview process until reaching theoretical saturation. The semi-structured interview data collection tool and data analysis was MAXQDA software.

It showed that foreign nationals have played an effective role in the smuggling and transit of drugs to Turkey and other European countries, and these role-plays are in the form of elites of foreign nationals on transit and smuggling routes, elites of official and unofficial roads, and elites of markets. Commercial, elites on the organization and structure of gangs, cultural and recreational commonalities, linguistic and religious commonalities, monetary support and non-monetary support were identified.

Considering the statistics and identification of the role of foreign nationals in drug trafficking and transit in the studied province, educational and awareness measures for police officers and drivers of transit vehicles, as well as information and security measures as solutions to prevent trafficking and transit Drugs were suggested.

Due to the lack of rainfall and the negative balance of groundwater aquifers in recent years, the use of unconventional water sources such as effluents and sewage for artificial feeding is one of the important methods to deal with decline in groundwater aquifers. In the Borujen-Faradonbeh plain, in order to reduce the effects of drought on groundwater resources, the aquifer of this plain has been artificially fed using the effluent of the Borujen treatment plant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the effluent of Borujen water treatment plant on the quality of groundwater resources in this plain.

To investigate the quality of effluent and its effect on the downstream water of the treatment plant, water wells downstream and upstream were sampled. The samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory and analyzes including the concentrations of Mg, Ca, K Li, Na, S, St, Si, Sc, V, Ba, Cr and V were performed on the samples.

The results showed that except for calcium, potassium and chromium elements which were not statistically significant differences between the water samples taken from the upstream and downstream of the treatment plant (sig> 0.05) but the number of other elements differed between the upstream and downstream wells of the treatment plant. Were significant (sig <0.05). But the same amount is within the set standards. Also, IDW maps related to these elements showed that the northern and northwestern parts of the plain (downstream of the Borujen city treatment plant) have areas with high concentrations of these elements.

Altruism is a social action whose current and sari is a sign of social connection, and it contributes vitally to the durability of social order, prevention, control and treatment of social issues, as well as the development and excellence of moral virtues. Therefore, the spread of such an important value among social classes, especially students, is essential and fruitful. How prevalent is altruism among students And what kind of cultural values is this important The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of individualistic and collectivist cultural values on the tendency to altruistic behaviors of 1736 male high school students of Juibar city. Using the Cochran formula and cluster random sampling method, 320 students were selected and by using the standard questionnaires of Carlo and Randall (2003) to measure the altruism tendency of these students and Sivadas et al. (2008) to measure Their individualistic and collectivist cultural values, the desired data were collected. The findings showed that the cultural values of two poles are not opposite and we are witnessing the mixing of individualistic and collectivist cultural values with a relative increase in individualism. The results of the regression analysis also indicated that among the variables of cultural values; The variable of individualistic cultural values has no effect on the tendency towards altruistic behavior of these students, but the collectivist cultural values have a positive effect on the tendency towards altruistic behavior and dimensions of altruistic behavior (submissive, critical situation, emotional and anonymous) of these students. had.

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is one of the biggest and most valuable heritages of Iran's golden culture. In this book, we come across the stories of many of our ancestors and learn a lot from our distant past. In the meantime, Shahnameh's poems, apart from sweet, smooth and simple storytelling, have historical data about the lives of people, countrymen and borders, which are valuable in some of the events of Iran's ancient and ancient past. Ferdowsi's statements in the Shahnameh are sometimes about the history of people, kings and territories that are still spoken about and hundreds of evaluations and different interpretations are made. The sage of Tous begins the story of Turan from the time of dividing the Iranian world in the Pishdadi era when Fereydun gives the lands of Iran to his three children and three Iranian kings. Iraj becomes the eldest son of the king of Iran. The second son of Tur becomes the king of Turan or Turks and China lands, and Salm also becomes the king of Western lands or Rome and beyond Rome.This essay aims to assess Turan historical and geographical roots by representing what is mentioned in the Shahnameh about the name of Turan. Then, how the name Turan is connected with Turks has been analyzed based on the poems of Ferdowsi, as well as the statements and attitudes of other Shahnameh scholars of the word Turan.

The present research was conducted with the aim of dealing with organized drug trafficking strategies in the border villages of West Azarbaijan province. This research was conducted in the framework of qualitative approach and basic data research method. The participants included 14 experts from the anti-narcotics police and border guard command of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as traffickers and drug-related criminals, who were selected using a purposeful sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview and data analysis in MAXQDA software platform. The findings showed that the natural geographical situation, long borders and border gaps, facilitation of the smuggling process by agents located at the border and the support of organized groups as causal factors, weakness in border control coverage, weakness in the structure of fighting forces, poverty, and unemployment. and the disorderly situation of the border residents, the existence of exchange capacities in the border and the social connections of the border residents with the other side of the border as background factors and finally the lack of level of government services, the disordered family situation, the weakness of laws and regulations, the weakness of cultural and religious values. and the low level of awareness as intervening factors have a significant effect on the commission of drug crimes in border villages. The consequences included security-police, personal-social and economic consequences. Law enforcement-security approach, public awareness, legislation and economic approach were proposed as coping strategies with the central phenomenon.

The purpose of this study was to design a virtual business development model in the field of sports services based on data theory. The research method is qualitative with a systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included two sections of human society (sports managers (clubs, boards, federations, etc.), coaches and athletes active in the field of sports services and professors of sports management and sports marketing) and the information society. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected based on theoretical saturation, non-probability purposeful and snowball technique (16 people and 26 documents). The validity of the instrument was assessed using qualitative validation methods (content validity, kappa coefficient (0.801)). For data analysis, a systematic approach has been used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Finally, 18 main categories (education, innovation, participation in cyberspace, stakeholder network, content production, public awareness of virtual sports services, virtual business development of sports services, budget, tax system, economy, information, market orientation, After-sales service, innovation and creativity (attitude, culture, commercialization and branding) and 23 concepts were extracted. The development of virtual sports business in providing sports services is of great importance and has several aspects. Also, using this model, one can expect the development of a virtual sports business in sports services.

The term criminal law has always been considered in all countries in order to increase the efficiency of laws, and based on this, many laws have been revised or articles have been added to them. Accordingly, in this way; Legislative criminal policy, which is the primary and upper layer of the country's criminal policy, is the guardian and the main reference for policy making in the field of drug crimes, regarding the effect of additional article 45 of the Anti-Narcotics Law approved in 1396, which was adopted by the Islamic Majlis by adopting a series of criminal policies and The criminality of this single article was approved, this research aims to measure and examine the impact of this additional article from the point of view of judicial officers.

The research method of this research is in the form of qualitative analysis. Due to its exploratory nature, this research is of the type of qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews of judicial officers who have answered the research questions using coding analysis, and then the hypotheses proposed in the survey method. They have been tested for the approval of the quality department. The statistical population of the qualitative section has reached theoretical saturation with ten judicial agents.

The findings from the analysis of the interviews showed that this law did not have a significant effect and did not have a favorable effect on the prevention of crimes, and judicial agents do not consider

The purpose of this research was to analyze the challenges of developing virtual businesses in the field of sports services and to provide suitable solutions. The research method is qualitative. The statistical population included all sports managers (clubs, boards, sports pages, etc.) and trainers and athletes active in the field of sports services. A sufficient statistical sample was selected based on theoretical saturation in a targeted non-probabilistic manner and snowball technique (16 people and 13 documents). The validity of the tool was evaluated using qualitative methods. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Finally, 7 main challenges of budget, tax system, economic fluctuations, participation in virtual space, knowledge and virtual information, cultural barriers and branding were extracted and the necessary solutions were presented in this field. According to the research results, it can be said that the development of virtual sports business in providing sports services suffers from many challenges and these challenges have different aspects, but by improving the challenges and eliminating them, we can expect the development of virtual sports business in the field of sports services.

The subject of intelligence aristocracy is the demand of the Supreme Leader. He has always demanded the dominance and intelligence aristocracy of the system. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police.

This research has been done within the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data research method of the foundation. The statistical population of the study included experts (deputies and heads of intelligence and operations departments, special operations, cyberspace center, regional and international affairs of the anti-narcotics police and FATA police experts until the theoretical saturation) and 13 people. . MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data and SPSS software was used for descriptive and inferential analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire.

The findings of the analysis of the content of the interviews showed that in the process of promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police, 4 dimensions, 20 components and 120 indicators (concepts) should be considered.

The results showed that the effective dimensions in promoting the intelligence aristocracy of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police can be presented in the form of guidelines, requirements, information management and multidimensional aristocracy. The output of the present study led to the drawing of a model for the promotion of the intelligence elite of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police.

Currently, the methods of drug trafficking in the world are changing from traditional methods to new methods. The present research was conducted to present a technological predictive model with foresight in dealing with the air smuggling of narcotics from the borders. This study was prepared in terms of practical purpose, terms of mixed method, and terms of collecting statistics and information in the field and through interviews and questionnaire tools. The participants in the qualitative part of the research included 17 experts and managers of strategic levels who were experts in the subject, and who were selected using the snowball sampling method. The statistical community of the quantitative part was also experts in the fight against narcotics and flight science experts, and there were 90 people, and 73 of them were selected as members of the statistical sample using the Morgan table and the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview with a reliability coefficient of 0.91, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.84. In this research, MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data and SPSS software was used to analyze the data from the quantitative questionnaire. The findings led to the identification of 80 basic themes, 17 constructive themes, and 4 inclusive themes to formulate and design a technological predictive model to deal with possible drug smuggling in the future through the borders. The results of the quantitative part of the research also indicated that the themes identified can play a significant role in combating the air smuggling of narcotics from the borders in the future and can be considered suitable predictors for providing a technological predictive model.

Floating rate issuance is one of the financial innovations that has attracted the attention of the ‎public and private sectors in recent decades. Basically, financiers are looking for access to less ‎expensive financial resources, and investors are also looking for high-yield, low-risk investment ‎opportunities. Accordingly, the design of this tool should be in a way to bring the utility of both ‎parties to a satisfactory point, which is provided according to the conditions, expectations and ‎economic policies. When the government enters as an economic policy maker, this issue takes on ‎other dimensions, so the issue of economic management of the country, management of ‎government debts and liabilities, the amount of money and liquidity, formation of interest rates in ‎the economy and its relationship with budget deficits, management of economic cycles and its ‎determination is of great importance that should be considered in the design of this tool. Treasury ‎inflation protected securities are a type of floating-rate securities that are often issued by ‎governments, so they need to be studied more carefully in order to be more localized. The present ‎article uses a descriptive-analytical method to examine the advantages and disadvantages of ‎issuing securities for the government. The results of this study show that the economic effects of ‎Treasury Inflation Protected Securities are very different from floating-rate securities, and given ‎the current economic situation of the country with high and variable inflation rates, treasury ‎inflation protected securities are recommended.‎

The aim of the present study was the study of mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent in Bu- Ali Sina University students. The population of this study consists of all arrival undergraduate students( 94-95 academic year) in Bu-Ali Sina University, 322(male and female) students were selected as a sample. Three questionnaire used: Parental Bonding questionnaire( PBI), Maladaptive schema questionnaire short form(SQ-SF) and addiction talent questionnaire students version( ASQ-SV). SPSS and LISREL software was used to analyze the data collected. The results showed that parental bonding( parental low care and overprotection) either directly or indirectly with mediating of early maladaptive schemas impact on addiction talent. Finally, in this research the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent was presented as a model.

The important Treaty of Kars, signed between the governments of Turkey, the Soviet Union, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia on October 13, 1921, led to the transfer of Nakhjavan to the Republic of Azerbaijan. After the First World War, the Armenians first took political-military steps to annex Nakhjavan to the fledgling Republic of Armenia. However, all their efforts failed due to the presence of strong rivals such as the Soviet Union and Turkey. As a result, the Treaty of Kars not only created a new political unit in the Caucasus, but also from a geopolitical point of view, led to the formation of a new political geography in northwestern Iran. The present descriptive-analytical study, using a historical method based on library and archival documents, mainly aimed to show how the sequence of the events of the early years of World War I influenced the formation of the political unit of Nakhjavan. Therefore, this study concerns the possible impact of the First World War on the political developments in Nakhjavan, from the Batum treaty to the Kars treaty. Although Soviet and Turkish governments were politically and militarily weak due to the consequences of the First World War, the research findings show that the common interests of both fledgling countries paved the way for starting their influence in South Caucasus by handing over Nakhjavan to the Republic of Azerbaijan to keep their further control of the region.