hossein shareh

This study aimed to identify the mediating role of executive functions in the relationship between working memory and fluid reasoning in children with dyslexia.

This descriptive-correlational study was a type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population comprised all third grade elementary‎ students with dyslexia in Mashhad. Of the target population, 205 people (130 boys and 75 girls) diagnosed with dyslexia were selected by convenience sampling method from the centers for learning disabilities in Mashhad in the academic year2017-2018. For data collection, Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (5th Edition), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color and Word Test ‎were applied.

The findings of this research demonstrated that working memory has a significant relationship with fluid reasoning (p= 0.04). 28.1% of the changes in the variable of fluid reasoning are made under the influence of executive functions and working memory. executive functions do not play a mediating role in the relationship between working memory and fluid reasoning, and improving working memory leads to the reinforcement of fluid reasoning in children with dyslexia.

Dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney failure has negative effects on the quality of life, daily activities, lifestyle, and physical, mental, and social health. The present study aims to assess the effect of group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the body image and self-compassion of women undergoing dialysis.

This is a quasi-experimental study (randomized clinical trial) with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. The study population consisted of all women receiving dialysis who were referred to the Dialysis Patients Support Association in Khorasan Razavi, Iran, in 2021-2022. Of these, 30 were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group received group ACT at 10 sessions each for 120 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups completed the Body Image Concern Inventory and the Self-Compassion Scale in the pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up phases. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25.

The intervention group showed a significant improvement in body image (F=39.271, P=0.001) and self-compassion (F=7.342, P=0.001) in the post-test phase compared to the control group, which remained stable in the two-month follow-up.

The group ACT can be a suitable method to increase body image satisfaction and self-compassion in women undergoing dialysis.

Today, despite the nationwide vaccination of the society to prevent the epidemic of the Covid-19 virus, some people refuse to inject the Covid-19 vaccine as the main self-care behavior, which can have specific reasons.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of personality and demographic characteristics in the injection of the covid-19 vaccine as a measure to prevent the spread of the corona virus in Mashhad.

The method of this research was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of the people of Mashhad in the year 2022, of which 517 people (62.1% vaccinated and 37.9% unvaccinated) were selected in an accessible and voluntary manner and completed the Brief HEXACO Personality Questionnaire (2013) and Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire in Person. The collected data were analyzed by Yeoman-Whitney test in SPSS software version 26.

The results showed that there is no significant difference between vaccination and non-vaccination in the five personality components of Emotionality (P=0.19), Extroversion (P=0.44), Agreeableness (P=0.88), Conscientiousness (P=0.86) and Openness to Experience (P=0.20). However, there was a significant difference between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups in terms of the personality component of Honesty-humility (P=0.03) and the demographic characteristics of gender (P=0.002), age (P=0.001), level of education (P=0.001), and employment status (P=0.001).

The personality trait of honesty-humility and the demographic characteristics of gender, age, level of education and employment status play a role in the matter of injecting the Covid-19 vaccine as the main self-care behavior. These results can be used to promote and encourage vaccination in future crises.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of integrated schema and mindfulness group therapy on self-compassion, level of mindfulness and early maladaptive schemas of women with interpersonal problems. This research had semi-experimental format with a pre-post test and a two-month follow-up and a waiting-list group. The research population was women (18 to 30 years old) suffering from interpersonal problems. The sample group consisted of 22 women who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 11 people: the intervention group and the control group (waiting list). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS software. The results showed that the integrated schema and mindfulness group therapy has a significant effect on increasing self-compassion (p≤0.001), increasing mindfulness (p≤0.01) and reducing primary maladaptive schemas (p≤0.001). the integrated mindfulness and schema group therapy can be effective and practical in improving self-compassion and mindfulness as well as reducing maladaptive schemas. Proving the effectiveness of this time-limited protocol is promising for its use in different mental health centers, and it can be efficient and economical in the financial and time costs of treating common psychological problems such as interpersonal problems.

Chronic renal failure is defined as the presence of at least three months of glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or structural/functional abnormalities of the kidney for more than three months (Lameire et al., 2021). Research showed that dialysis women suffer from a more negative body image than normal women (Dąbrowska-Bender et al., 2018). Body image is defined as individuals perception and attitudes towards their physical characteristics (Griffiths et al., 2018). Some studies have shown that body image dissatisfaction is directly related to a lack of self-confidence and self-esteem in sexual relations, more especially in women (Gillen & Markey, 2019). Sexual self-esteem is defined as individuals' overall desire to positively evaluate their capacity for participating in healthy sexual behaviors and experiences in a pleasurable and satisfying manner. Sexual self-esteem affects sexual behavior and includes emotional responses to thoughts and feelings (Akbari, 2017).Schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy are two different approaches, each of which looks at pathology with a different perspective. It seems that a combination of the two theraputic models can be a good complement to cover the shortcomings of each of them (Grecucci, 2018). Since no research has specifically compared the impacts of these approaches on psychological status of dialysis patients, it is important to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy based on acceptance and commitment (AC-based schema therapy) on body image and sexual self-esteem of dialysis women.

This study was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up ‎control group design. The statistical population consisted of all married dialysis women who referred to Khorasan Razavi Dialysis Patients Support Association between January 2021 and June 2022. The sample included 45 married women undergoing dialysis. The participants were selected using convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group (15 people) received the therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment, the second group (15 people) received the AC-based schema therapy intervention, and the third group (15 people) were placed on the waiting list to receive psychological treatment. The tools included the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) and Sexual Self-Esteem ‎Index for Woman-Short Form (SSEI-W-SF). The AC-based therapy sessions were held based on the treatment protocol of Gustafson (2020) during ten 120-minute weekly sessions. The AC-based schema therapy sessions were held according to the treatment protocol of McKay et al. (2012) for ten 120-minute weekly sessions. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.

The results of chi-square test demonstrated that the groups were homogeneous in terms of age (p=0.979, χ2=8.00), duration of marriage (p=1.000, χ2=5.267), and duration of dialysis (p=0.628, χ2=9.867). After checking that the assumptions were fulfilled, repeated measures analysis of variance was used. The results showed that body image scores in the within-group section (P=0.001, F=57.908), the interaction effect of group and repetition (P=0.001, F=23.243) and the between-group effect (P=0.035, F=3.640) are significant in the studied groups in three phases of measurement. Moreover, sexual self-esteem scores in the within-group section (P=0.001, F=25.429), the interaction effect of group and repetition (P=0.001, F=6.575), and the between-group effect (P=0.037, F=3.251) are significant in the studied groups in three phases of measurement (P<0.05). Considering the significance of F statistic, it seems necessary to make post-experience comparisons. Hence, Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the therapy groups with the control group.The results of Bonferroni post hoc test revealed that in the posttest and follow-up phases, there is no significant difference between the studied groups (AC-based therapy and AC-based schema therapy and the control group) in the variables of body image (P=0.98) and sexual self-esteem (P=0.85), but in the posttest and follow-up phases, a significant difference was found between the AC-based therapy group and AC-based schema therapy with the control group (P<0.05). AC-based schema therapy caused more changes in the components of body image and sexual self-esteem in dialysis women.

The results indicating the greater impact of AC-based schema therapy compared to acceptance and commitment therapy are consistent with the findings of  Aalami (2020). Paying special attention to the factors causing ineffective behaviors adopted in order to reduce the emotional pain of the schema is one of the strengths of AC-based schema therapy compared to acceptance and commitment therapy (Nikpour, 2021). Showing the difficult situation of frequent dialysis as the only factor provoking uncomfortable feelings and thoughts formed from childhood experiences causes patients to know the root of their problems instead of considering the disease as the cause of dissatisfaction with appearance and lack of self-esteem in sexual relations. As a result, it will make them more motivated and hopeful to overcome and adjust their maladaptive schemas. The other strength of AC-based schema therapy compared to acceptance and commitment therapy is that clients more easily identify their values that are beyond their maladaptive schemas, and as a result, are more motivated to follow values (McKay, 2012). Another advantage of AC-based schema therapy is dedicating some of the group therapy sessions to teach communication skills, including self-expression, overcoming feelings of anger and hatred, assertiveness and marital skills (Lev & McKay, 2017), which increases intimacy and emotional interest of women in the marital relationship. Learning these skills, in addition to providing the apportunity for experiencing more sexual pleasure and the desire to have sexual relationships, can prevent the recurrence of dialysis women’s problems, since better satisfaction of the unsatisfied basic needs make people able to prevent the activation of maladaptive schemas.

In this study, the mediating role of a sense of security in the relationship between self-perfection and perceived stress with life satisfaction was investigated among orphan girls.

In this correlational research design, structural equation modeling was employed and a sample of 150 orphan girls in Sabzevar and Neyshabur was selected by complete enumeration. For data collection, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Psychological Security-Insecurity Questionnaire (PS-IQ) and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) were applied. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling in SPSS-26 and AMOS-25 software.

The results demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between a sense of security and perceived stress with life satisfaction. Further, a significant negative relationship was found between self-oriented perfectionism and community-oriented perfectionism with life satisfaction, but there was no significant relationship between other-oriented perfectionism and life satisfaction. Moreover, the findings revealed that a sense of security mediates the relationship between self-perfection and perceived stress with life satisfaction (p<0.05). If the sense of security increases among people, life satisfaction also increases

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group schema therapy based on acceptance and commitment on sexual self-esteem and marital burnout of women undergoing dialysis.

The research statistical population consisted of all married dialysis women who referred to Khorasan Razavi Dialysis Patients Support Association in 2021-2022. The statistical sample comprised 30 married women undergoing dialysis in Mashhad, who were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The data were obtained through the Sexual Self-Esteem ‎Index for Woman-Short Form (SSEI-W-SF) and Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). The experimental group participated in group schema therapy based on acceptance and commitment for 10 sessions of 120 minutes while the control group did not receive any type of intervention. Factorial repeated measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the variables of sexual self-esteem and marital burnout in the posttest and follow-up (P< 0.05).

It seems that group schema therapy based on acceptance and commitment increases sexual self-esteem and reduces marital burnout in women undergoing dialysis.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in children. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of the positive parenting program on parenting stress and tolerance of emotional disturbance in mothers with ADHD children.

In the present study, among all the mothers with ADHD children who referred to two psychological clinics in Mashhad city-Iran in 2021-2022, 30 cases were selected by the convenient sampling method and randomly divided into equal experimental group and control group. The experimental group received a positive parenting program during eight weekly sessions, while the controls were assigned to a waiting list. The mothers completed Abidin's Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Simons and Gaher's Emotional Disturbance Tolerance (DTS) in the pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using multiple covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS version 22 software.

The results showed that the positive parenting program reduced parenting stress and increased emotional disturbance tolerance significantly compared to the controls (P< 0.001). 

It seems that positive parenting program improves parenting stress and emotional disturbance tolerance in mothers with ADHD children.

Craving is a complex behavior and one of the important factors for the continuation of smoking. This research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on craving, mood, and smoking addiction in smokers. 

In this experimental study, 12 smokers who referred to medical centers in Mashhad- Iran, were selected by the convenient sampling method and assigned to TDCS (6 cases) and CBT (6 cases) groups randomly. They received the intervention during 8 sessions. They fulfilled the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. 

The results showed that both TDCS and CBT treatments significantly reduce smoking craving (P< 0.05), but TDCS reduces craving greater than CBT (P< 0.01). Also, TDCS improves positive and negative affect significantly, while CBT only improves negative affect in smokers (P< 0.05). Besides, TDCS causes more improvement in negative affect (P< 0.01). TDCS reduces smoking addiction (P< 0.05), while CBT was not effective in this regard. 

Compared to cognitive behavioral therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation has a greater effect on craving, mood, and smoking addiction.

Sexual satisfaction, as a basic human need, has a determining effect on human health, and its absence can cause physical and mental pressures that will threaten individuals' health. Low sexual desire is a common disorder affecting married women and can greatly influence their well-being and disrupt their everyday life. This study aimed to analyze the lived experiences of married women suffering from hypoactive sexual desire disorder in long-term relationships considering cultural drivers. 

This qualitative study (2019-2020) in Mashhad-Iran, was conducted based on the descriptive phenomenology approach. The research data were collected through 20 in-depth and semi-structured interviews and then they were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis. The participants were also selected through purposive sampling. A mean score of 22.6±2.9 was obtained for full-scale score of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and 107.11±3.2 for Marital Conflict Questionnaire-Revised (MCQ-R). 

The four core themes extracted from the data were (1) incessant everyday life in long-term relationships, (2) de-sexualized roles, (3) traces of old wounds, and (4) misinterpretation of religious teachings. 

Personal conflicts and neglected foreplay priorities were the primary causes of married women's low sexual desire in long-term relationships. Couples workshops aimed at preserving and revitalizing relationships and individual treatment of affected women are some potential solutions for alleviating the suffering of this group of women.

 The present study aims to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive flexibility, suicidal ideation, depression, and hopelessness in conscripts.

In this clinical trial with a pretest/posttest design using a control group, 60 conscripts were selected through a convenience sampling method from among those referred to military counseling centers in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran in 2019, and were randomly assigned into intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The intervention group received ACT group therapy at eight weekly 90-min sessions, while the control group received no treatment. In the pretest and posttest phases, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were completed by both groups. Data analysis was performed using the independent ‎‎t-test and analysis of covariance.

ACT significantly led to increased cognitive flexibility and its components (P=0.001) and reduced suicidal thoughts (P=0.001), depression (P=0.001) and hopelessness (P=0.002).

 ACT group therapy can reduce depression, suicidal ideation and hopelessness in conscripts by increasing their cognitive flexibility.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of attachment styles in the relationship between religious orientation and sexual self-efficacy with infidelity in married women. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of married female students of universities and married women referring to health centers in Mashhad in 2019. From this population, 311 people were selected as the research sample using convenience sampling method. To collect data, Marital Infidelity Scale, Religious Orientation Scale, Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale for Females and Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling. The results of the fitted model confirmed the mediating role of (secure and avoidant) attachment styles in the relationship between religious orientation and sexual self-efficacy with infidelity. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that considering the individual’s initial experiences in the original family is important. Relying on the findings of this study, therapists and family counselors can provide effective measures to prevent or reduce marital infidelity.

 The present study aims to investigate the effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) on pain self-efficacy, fatigue, life expectancy and depression in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

 In this quasi-experimental clinical trial with a pretest/posttest design, 68 patients with MS referred to MS clinics and MS ‎Association‎ of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran were selected using a convenience sampling technique, and were then assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received ten 2-hour weekly sessions of CBGT, while the control group received no treatment. In the pretest and posttest phases, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Snyder’s ‎Adult Hope Scale (AHS)‎ ‎and Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) were completed by all subjects. The collected data were analyzed using ANCOVA and t-test.

 The CBGT significantly improved pain self-efficacy (P=0.001) and life expectancy (P=0.001) and reduced fatigue (P=0.02) and depression (P=0.003) in the intervention group compared to the control group.

 CBGT can increase pain self-efficacy, life expectancy and reduce fatigue and depression in patients with MS.

Infidelity causes mental health problems, family disruptions, rumination about events, and changes in the betrayed person’s beliefs toward the spouse. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of "mindfulness-based schema therapy" on depression, anxiety, and hopelessness of women affected by spouse infidelity.

It was semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up ‎control ‎group design‏. The research statistical population comprised all women who required psychological help due to their husband’s betrayal and referred to counseling centers in Mashhad from January to March 2018. A total of 24 women were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups.  Both groups completed Beck depression, anxiety, and hopeless questionnaires in the pretest, posttest, and a two-month follow-up. The experimental group received mindfulness-based schema therapy‎ intervention (Van Vreeswijk et al., 2014) for ten sessions. Factorial repeated measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis.

The effect of the intragroup and intergroup interaction was significant in depression (p=0/01) and anxiety (p=0/001 ) but not significant in hopelessness (p=0/36). There is a significant difference in depression and anxiety from pretest to posttest and follow-up (p <0/01). But regarding hopelessness, the difference between pretest and posttest and follow-up is not significant (p> 0.05).

Mindfulness-based schema therapy can be used to reduce the depression and anxity of women affected by spouse betrayal.

Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are always associated with cognitive and social deficits. The main purpose of this study was to compare the theory of mind and emotion recognition in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD.

The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and ADHD in schools and clinics of psychosocial services and counseling in Seven Educational ‎Districts in‎ Mashhad from March until June 2017. The sample included 85 children and adolescents (42 with autism spectrum disorders and 43 with ADHD) who were selected through purposeful sampling from the above population. Participants completed reading the mind in the eyes test, Sally–Anne test and emotion recognition test. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance.

The findings of this study showed that the ADHD group has reported higher rates in cognitive theory of mind (P<0.001), affective theory of mind (P<0.001), and also in positive (P<0.001), negative (P<0.04) and neutral (P<0.03) subscales. Furthermore, group with autism spectrum disorder got significantly higher scores in the fear emotion (P<0.007).

The findings of this study indicate a severe deficit of social cognition in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and highlight the need to train mental state recognition skills to enhance social abilities and improve social interactions in these children and adolescents.

 The present study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy in quality of life and hope among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

 In this clinical trial, using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design, 20 MS patients were selected through available sampling among the patients in Mashhad Multiple Sclerosis Association in 2016 and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups, each containing 10 subjects. The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral group therapy in 10 weekly sessions of 2 hours and the control group did not receive this treatment. In the pretest and posttest, Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form (SF-36) and Snyder ‎Adult Hope Scale (AHS)‎ were implemented on all the subjects of the experimental and control groups. Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance and t-test.

 The results demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral group therapy significantly leads to increased overall index of quality of life and hope (p<0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Further, out of quality of life components, dimensions of physical function, role limitation due to physical problems, fatigue or vitality, emotional health and general health of the experimental group showed a greater increase at the end of the intervention relative to the control group (p<0.001) and concerning other subscales, the difference between the two groups was not significant.

Infidelity is a threat to family life and the relationship of the spouses, leading to emotional reactions such as sadness, dread, anger, fear, jealousy and guilt, especially in the person being betrayed. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy with mindfulness and forgiveness therapy in clinical symptoms and emotional responses in women affected by their husband's betrayal.

The present study was a semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design. A total of 36 women who had experienced husband's betrayal were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental (schema therapy with mindfulness n = 12 and forgiveness therapy n = 12) and control groups (n = 12). Interventions were provided to the experimental groups in ten 90-minute weekly sessions. Variance analysis with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis.

The effect of intergroup interaction and the time of measurement for schema therapy with mindfulness and forgiveness therapy on clinical symptoms (P < 0/01) and emotional response (P < 0/05) was significant. There was no significant difference in clinical symptoms between the two interventions (P ≤ 0/05). In emotional responses, only in the component of dread, the forgiveness therapy group showed better conditions (P < 0/01).

Both interventions can be used to move beyond suffering towards peace and achieving resolution. In addition, considering the type of damage, forgiveness therapy is a more appropriate option.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of attachment styles and brain-behavioral systems in ‎substance abuse relapse of opiate addicts. ‎

In this causal-comparative research, 50 addicts with opiate relapse were selected randomly from among those admitted to ‎Omid and Rahaei addiction treatment clinics and MMT government unit of Sabzevar city; 50 addicts with the purity ‎of over one year from among the participants in NA groups and 50 individuals from among non-addicts in Sabzevar city ‎in 2016 through convenience sampling. All the subjects completed Revised Adult Attachment Inventory (RAAI) and ‎Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ). For data analysis, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance test, ‎Kruskal Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS-23 software were applied.‎ 

The results demonstrated that people with substance abuse relapse compared to the non-affected group and ‎individuals with the purity of over one year had greater insecure ambivalent attachment ‎style (P=0.001). Further, non-addicts relative to pure people suffer from less ambivalent attachment (P=0.012). ‎Although there was no significant difference between pure people and abusers in terms of brain-behavioral systems, the ‎activity of the approach component in the behavioral activation system (BAS), the component of passive avoidance in the ‎behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the component of flight in the fight-flight system was higher in two groups of people ‎with substance abuse relapse and pure people compared to non-addicts (P<0.05).‎

It seems that the insecure attachment style and brain-behavioral systems have an important role in ‎substance abuse relapse.‎

Multiple Sclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is associated with several physical and psychological complications. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in the meaning of life, emotional distress tolerance and pain self-efficacy among patients with multiple sclerosis. The present research was carried out using a pretest-posttest control ‎group design. Out of Multiple Sclerosis ‎Association‎ members in Quchan County in 2019, 20 subjects were chosen through available sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment group therapy whereas the control group attended the regular meetings held by the MS Society. Meaning in Life Questionnaire ‎‎(MLQ), Distress Tolerance Scale and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire were applied in the pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results demonstrated that the experimental group subjects compared to the control group participants significantly improved in the variables of the meaning in life and its components (P

Infertility is one of the major problems in reproductive health. This research was carried out to evaluate the relationship between infertility, attachment, identity, sexual function, and sexual self-esteem in married women.

In this causal-comparative and correlational study, 300 voluntary married women (fertile=150, infertile=150) in Mashhad were selected through random sampling in 2019. Collins and Read’s Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Identity Style Inventory, Female Sexual Function Index, and Sexual Self-Esteem Index for Women-Short Form were used to gather data. Data were analyzed using a t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis with SPSS-24 software(p<0.05).

 There was a significant difference between sexual function and sexual self-esteem of the fertile and infertile women (P=0.000). Also, the results demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between a sexual function with attachment styles and identity status in women. There was a significant relationship between sexual self-esteem and the status of identity (all p<0.05).

It can be concluded that infertility can have a significant impact on sexual function. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between attachment and identity styles with sexual function and sexual self-esteem.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of emotions (negative and positive affects) and gender on the activity of different brain regions and their relationship with personality traits of extraversion, introversion, neuroticism, and stability. The study participants were 33 right-handed volunteer undergraduate students (17 males and 16 females). Our stimuli were two 6-minute long happy and sad video clips. We used electroencephalography for brain imaging. Briggs-Nebes handedness questionnaire, Eysenck personality inventory, general health questionnaire, and positive and negative affect schedule questionnaire were used for assessing participants’ reactions. The collected data were analyzed by MANOVA and ANOVA tests. Different activities due to positive and negative affect inductions were seen only in right temporal (Sig.=0.036, F=3.453), left temporal (Sig.=0.045, F=2.873), right posterior (Sig.=0.032, F=3.157) and left posterior lobes of the participants’ brains (Sig.=0.014; P<0.01, F=2.932). Under positive affect induction, the activity of right temporal lobe in extraverted people was higher than that in introverted ones. No significant difference was found in the right anterior and right posterior activities between stable and neurotic individuals under negative attitude induction (F=0.387, P>0.05). There was no significant difference of activity in the left anterior of stable and neurotic subjects under negative attitude induction (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between male and female students’ brain activity (P>0.05). Therefore, regional brain activity is different under positive attitude and negative attitude inductions, but gender does not affect it. Also, personality traits are effective in the activity of some brain regions.

Analyzing the relationship between psychological hardiness and religious attitude with hope in cardiovascular patients, this research study is performed. Using a descriptive-correlation method, and focusing on 196 cardiovascular patients at Bojnourd medical center, who were selected by available sampling method, this research study is performed. Ahwaz Psychological hardiness questionnaire (AHI), religious attitude scale (RAS) and hope (AHS) were used to collect data. Data analysis was done through Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings showed that, there is a significant relationship between psychological hardiness, religious attitude and hope (P <0.01). Psychological hardiness and religious attitude could significantly predict hope (P <0.01) in regression analysis. Also, among the components of religious attitude, the subscales of social issues, worldview and beliefs, worship and science and religion were the strongest predictors of hope in cardiovascular patients (P <0.01). Whatever psychological hardiness and religious attitude of cardiovascular patients increase, their hope will also increase.

Objectives Recent evidence suggests the effective role of physiological, cognitive and emotional factors in the quality of couple relationships. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between morningness-eveningness personality, Cognitive Flexibility (CF) and Cognitive Rmotion Regulation (CER) with marital satisfaction in middle-aged women.
Methods The research method was correlational. Statistical population included all middle-aged married women (40-60 years old) living in Mashhad City, Iran. District 1 was randomly selected as the sample area and 211 women in this district were selected using systematic sampling method. Each participant completed Enrich marital satisfaction scale, cognitive flexibility inventory, morningness-eveningness questionnaire and short form of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression.
Results Multivariate regression results indicated that alternatives option perception, control perception and total score of cognitive flexibility positively predicts marital satisfaction (P<0.001). Furthermore, the role of a morningness-eveningness personality in predicting marital satisfaction was significant in a way that high scores in morningness matched with high scores in marital satisfaction (P<0.001). The results also indicated that self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and blame of others negatively (P<0.001), acceptance and perspective-taking positively predict marital satisfaction (P<0.05).
Conclusion The findings of this study, while expanding the literature of the research, highlight the physiological, cognitive and emotional characteristics of marital satisfaction in enrichment programs and premarital counseling.

Working memory is the most important predictor of fluid reasoning. Working memory and fluid reasoning as two complicated cognitive functions have a significant correlation. A large number of studies have confirmed the strong association between working memory and fluid reasoning; however, the hidden variables between them are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify the mediating role of processing speed in the relationship between fluid reasoning and working memory among children with dyslexia. This research was a descript4e-correlational study. The statistical population included all students with dyslexia in Mashhad schools, of whom 205 students were selected using convenience sampling method. For collecting data, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children–Fourth Edition and the Tehran- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale were administered. The results of the study showed that: (1) working memory has a significant association with fluid reasoning (P=0/04), (2) only 26/2% of changes in fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and working memory, (3) only 11.8% of changes in verbal fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and verbal and non-verbal working memory, (4) only 18.2% of changes in non-verbal fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and verbal and non-verbal working memory. The present study suggested a significant association between working memory and fluid reasoning but the mediating role of processing speed in the relationship between fluid reasoning and working memory among children with dyslexia hadn’t been confirmed.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between emotional intelligence, marital satisfaction and quality of life and examine the role of emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction in quality of life for women.

The current study was a descriptive-analytic research and of a correlational type, which was carried out using the structural equation modeling technique. In this study, 248 married women working at the elementary level of Education ‎in Sabzevar city during the 2016 school year were selected through simple random sampling and were evaluated using Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), Hudson Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). To examine the relationship between variables and to evaluate model fit, partial least squares approach was used in SmartPLS-2‎ software.

The research findings indicated that emotional intelligence is effective in marital satisfaction with beta coefficient of 0.285 (t=4.793) and in quality of life with beta coefficient of 0.545 (t=15.563). The impact of marital satisfaction on quality of life with beta coefficient of 0.373 (t=9.240) was also approved. Further, the structural model designed based on the relationships between emotional intelligence, marital satisfaction and quality of life could cover 55% of the factors affecting the quality of life.

Emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction are among the effective factors in quality of life for women.