فهرست مطالب kasra ketabollahi

Urban branding is an important topic in the fields of urban planning; architectural signs; natural and geographical factors; events and occurrences; It is considered mass media. Considering the importance of this issue in urban identity building, tourism, and urban economy, the current research aims to investigate important options at the level of Tabriz metropolis based on the criteria identified in this area and to specify the brand for one of the most important cities in northwest Iran.Therefore, using the snowball sampling method, 50 experts were identified in this field and the eleven criteria of the research included "Historical Landscape, Ritual Landscape, Cultural Landscape, Symbolic Landscape, Narrative Landscape, and Common Memories, Facilities and Services, Access, Economic Affordability, significance, personality and reputation, readability" based on 3 components "identity, function, distinction" were asked for 15 important elements of Tabriz in a qualitative rating scale of seven FUZZY degrees.By using the method of positive and negative preference, the aforementioned criteria, people's opinions were entered into the MsExcel software, and by calculating the steps of the FUZZY TOPSIS method, they were visualized graphically in the ArcMap software, and finally, the historical market of Tabriz, Eynali Collection and Eel Goli Park was assigned the first to third options in the branding of the city.

The rapid spread of the Covid-19 disease has created a global public health crisis that has been addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines. This is accompanied by questions about the nature of life and work patterns through the intensive use of information and telecommunication technologies, leading to social and institutional acceptance of these patterns as the "new normal".In terms of methodology, the discussion is based on a transdisciplinary framework that is used for conceptual analysis and operationalized by identifying and discussing the concepts of design and planning.This article emphasizes the following: a) Issues related to urban dynamics are drawn from the perspective of urban and human geography, urban design and planning, and transportation engineering. b) The questions related to socio-spatial concepts and the dialectic of urban space/urban life come from the field of environmental psychology.and c) discussions of new environments that accommodate new lifestyles/work go beyond ethnographic and anthropological perspectives. The article concludes with an outlook that outlines key aspects of the synergy needed between architectural and urban education, research and practice, and public health in a virtual and global post-pandemic world.The rapid spread of the Covid-19 disease has created a global public health crisis that has been addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines. This is accompanied by questions about the nature of life and work patterns through the intensive use of information and telecommunication technologies, leading to social and institutional acceptance of these patterns as the "new normal".In terms of methodology, the discussion is based on a transdisciplinary framework that is used for conceptual analysis and operationalized by identifying and discussing the concepts of design and planning.This article emphasizes the following: a) Issues related to urban dynamics are drawn from the perspective of urban and human geography, urban design and planning, and transportation engineering. b) The questions related to socio-spatial concepts and the dialectic of urban space/urban life come from the field of environmental psychology.and c) discussions of new environments that accommodate new lifestyles/work go beyond ethnographic and anthropological perspectives. The article concludes with an outlook that outlines key aspects of the synergy needed between architectural and urban education, research and practice, and public health in a virtual and global post-pandemic world.The rapid spread of the Covid-19 disease has created a global public health crisis that has been addressed at various local and global scales through social distancing measures and guidelines. This is accompanied by questions about the nature of life and work patterns through the intensive use of information and telecommunication technologies, leading to social and institutional acceptance of these patterns as the "new normal".In terms of methodology, the discussion is based on a transdisciplinary framework that is used for conceptual analysis and operationalized by identifying and discussing the concepts of design and planning.This article emphasizes the following: a) Issues related to urban dynamics are drawn from the perspective of urban and human geography, urban design and planning, and transportation engineering. b) The questions related to socio-spatial concepts and the dialectic of urban space/urban life come from the field of environmental psychology.

The review of urban development plans in Iran in the horizon indicates that a large part of the proposals and estimates in the horizon of this plan have not been realized. One of the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of these plans is the way they face the property rights. A right that is recognized in the country of Iran and based on Islamic law and Sharia; Therefore, it is necessary to examine this topic from the perspective of Islamic thought. Among the emerging ideas in the field of urban planning in the west is the transfer of development right (TDR) approach.This idea was proposed for the first time in order to preserve cultural heritage in America. But is this approach, which is used in urban plans in recent decades in Iran, is expanding and has its roots in Western thought, can it be the answer of Iranian Islamic society? Therefore, in this research, the main goals are, 1. Obtaining the framework of the concepts of rights and the transfer of property development based on religious texts, jurisprudential principles and documentary sources.2. Adapting and reviewing the legal status of owners in the TDR approach is from the perspective of Islamic thought. In this research, while examining the three dimensions, jurisprudence, ethics and law in the approach of transfer of development rights and the compliance of laws related to urban development plans with Islamic jurisprudence and the approach of transfer of development rights, it is tried to make suggestions to benefit from the jurisprudence/ethical rule based To be presented on Islamic thought in urban development plans.

This research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in nature. This research is carried out in two stages, first by using documentary studies and existing information resulting from the implementation experiences of urban plans, the legal status of ownership and transfer of the right to development is examined, and in the next stage through studies of religious texts and Shariathe framework of property rights in the religion of Islam is explored.So, the right of ownership in Islam and Islamic thought, focusing on the principle of subordination, is examined in comparison with the right to transfer ownership in the TDR approach, and suggestions are made for the integration of legal structures and the Islamic system in the field of ownership in order to increase the realization of projects. Urban development is provided.

The transfer of development rights (TDR) approach was first considered in New York City and in the United States, the possibility of moving and the right to transfer a license plate to the adjacent license plate in the Zoning Law of 1916a. Based on this plan, the owners were given permission to sell their vertical development right to adjacent land plates, and the parts receiving this right would have the possibility of violating the construction height limit and setback requirements. Various issues are involved in the TDR approach, such as development right, development value, and service recipient and service provider areas.By using the development right transfer approach, the owners of sensitive natural lands, farms, as well as historical and important areas can receive their losses through the sale of their transferable development TDR and voluntarily develop their property in the future.Regarding the jurisprudential aspect of the transfer of development rights, according to the perspective of personal partial dispossession in Islam, people are free to own their property, but according to the interests of the society, some of these rights are deprived by law and government. Regarding the next aspect of citizenship rights, citizenship and ownership, which are considered among new concepts in the West today and are trying to achieve the rights of owners and citizens, are explicitly mentioned in Islam.Regarding the moral aspect, Imam Khomeini mentioned that man is the essence of all beings and the essence of the whole world. The mission of the prophets is to actualize this potential extract. The effort of all prophets is to create social and inner justice in humans. Justice is the direct path of human progress to divine perfection. In practice, the limits of ownership and the amount of consumption should be based on right and justice and in the direction of maximum productivity and growth and ensuring social justice.In Iran, the renovation and improvement of dilapidated urban structures as a problem with different social, economic, legal and technical dimensions has been included in the programs of the government and municipalities since the early 1980s. At thesame time as drawing attention to this category on a national scale and in the form of by-laws and laws, Tehran Municipality has also started planning and intervening in these fields since 2013.The actions of the Tehran City Renewal Organization show that at the beginning in 2012 with the construction plan of the eastern highway edge which was a program based on acquisition, demolition and reconstruction, in the years 2018 and 2019 in the form of setting up facilitation offices and based on Social actions crystallized. Previously, experiences in the field of intervention in urban contexts,especially worn-out contexts, were carried out with the approach of improving physical and functional conditions and without paying attention to other aspects of the issue.This is despite the fact that the basis of the concept of citizenship rights in the Islamic city is the people. In fact, the role of people in all areas of urban development plans should be considered. The plan must satisfy the people involved in the plan, and one of the most important examples of this is the way of bringing together the owners in connection with the occupation of lands and properties in order to achieve the goals of collective development. It is obvious that a process that starts with the creation of dissatisfaction among the beneficiaries of the project is not based on the principles of Islam and jurisprudence.

Islam is the religion of justice, equality and right orientation, and by relying on Islamic jurisprudence, important rules can be extracted and explained in the field of urban issues. The rules of submissiveness, harmlessness and expediency are among the most important jurisprudential principles that must be observed in Islamic urban planning in Iran in order to maintain and control the family foundation, stability of ownership, and respect for citizens. Also, the main condition for validating urban development plans is their compatibility with the approved laws of the country.Most of the specialized laws approved in the field of urban development and construction, including the Law of Municipalities (1960), the Civil and Urban Renovation Law (1968), etc., are related to the Pahlavi era, and these laws have not been corrected or updated over time. It is possible to achieve this goal in the form of adding notes to the articles of the previous laws, or canceling the previous laws and approving new laws. Islam is the religion of justice, equality and peaceful coexistence.If the above laws are revised in accordance with the jurisprudential-ethical principles of the Islamic religion and the patterns considered for acquisition have the least amount of intervention and also the full satisfaction of the owners whose property is placed in the path of development plans, It is possible to observe the fulfillment of Islamic rules in the cities. Therefore, the following comprehensive suggestions are presented in order to achieve this goal. Avoid urban development plans that only exist with an economic and material view of land, buildings, and people's livelihood.Avoid large-scale decision-making and interventions. It is necessary to review and update the laws related to construction and development in line with the speed of development and complexity in cities. Including in the applicable laws that were approved before the Islamic Revolution era. Based on moral jurisprudence rules, a set of rights should be included in the laws and decisions should be made based on them, such as ownership citizenship rights, business and profession rights, water and flower rights, agricultural right.

This research seeks to obtain a correct and close to reality image of the face of the city and the urban space of the poet's time by carefully studying the life and works of the Nezami sage Ganjavi. Finding-Finding in this research is in the form of documents, libraries and study of previous researches and the method of content-based content analysis has been used in the study of the poet's five stories. The content of the themes of his poem can be divided into eight stages based on the chronological order "Not describing or mentioning the details of the words of the city, adherence and belonging to the birthplace, resentment and turbidity of the incompetent people of the city, not mixing with the people of the city and the first sparks of building an ideal city in the imagination, proposing their mental model for reforming the state "Introduction to shaping his mental idea about the ideal city, finding the desired pattern and design of the ideal city" introduced. In fact, the ideal city and consequently the ideal from the point of view of the Nezami sage finds meaning and manifestation in the relations that govern it, relations based on social justice and equal rights of individuals in society. In his view, the role of individuals, wise men, and especially the masters of power in building the ideal society and the face of reality to cover the utopia and utopia, is constructive and serious and presents it in the city Nikan.This research seeks to obtain a correct and close to reality image of the face of the city and the urban space of the poet's time by carefully studying the life and works of the Nezami sage Ganjavi. Finding-Finding in this research is in the form of documents, libraries and study of previous researches and the method of content-based content analysis has been used in the study of the poet's five stories. The content of the themes of his poem can be divided into eight stages based on the chronological order "Not describing or mentioning the details of the words of the city, adherence and belonging to the birthplace, resentment and turbidity of the incompetent people of the city, not mixing with the people of the city and the first sparks of building an ideal city in the imagination, proposing their mental model for reforming the state "Introduction to shaping his mental idea about the ideal city, finding the desired pattern and design of the ideal city" introduced. In fact, the ideal city and consequently the ideal from the point of view of the Nezami sage finds meaning and manifestation in the relations that govern it, relations based on social justice and equal rights of individuals in society. In his view, the role of individuals, wise men, and especially the masters of power in building the ideal society and the face of reality to cover the utopia and utopia, is constructive and serious and presents it in the city Nikan.This research seeks to obtain a correct and close to reality image of the face of the city and the urban space of the poet's time by carefully studying the life and works of the Nezami sage Ganjavi. Finding-Finding in this research is in the form of documents, libraries and study of previous researches and the method of content-based content analysis has been used in the study of the poet's five stories. The content of the themes of his poem can be divided into eight stages based on the chronological order "Not describing or mentioning the details of the words of the city, adherence and belonging to the birthplace, resentment and turbidity of the incompetent people of the city, not mixing with the people of the city and the first sparks of building an ideal city in the imagination, proposing their mental model for reforming the state "Introduction to shaping his mental idea about the ideal city, finding the desired pattern and design of the ideal city" introduced. In fact, the ideal city and consequently the ideal from the point of view of the Nezami sage finds meaning and manifestation in the relations that govern it, relations based on social justice and equal rights of individuals in society. In his view, the role of individuals, wise men, and especially the masters of power in building the ideal society and the face of reality to cover the utopia and utopia, is constructive and serious and presents it in the city Nikan.This research seeks to obtain a correct and close to reality image of the face of the city and the urban space of the poet's time by carefully studying the life and works of the Nezami sage Ganjavi. Finding-Finding in this research is in the form of documents, libraries and study of previous researches and the method of content-based content analysis has been used in the study of the poet's five stories. The content of the themes of his poem can be divided into eight stages based on the chronological order "Not describing or mentioning the details of the words of the city,

Statement: 

The neighborhood has always been considered as the turning point of thinking about the city. Neighborhoods in the past had internal cohesion and spatial continuity and had a homogeneous social fabric. In the contemporary era, especially since the second decade of the 13th century, in line with the political, social and economic developments of the society, the subsequent compilation of plans and macro-policy-making documents and its physical manifestation at the regional-urban level caused the collapse of the economic self-reliance structures, the coherent social and physical shape of the neighborhood, and its importance as the cornerstone of urban planning and design began to decline. This phenomenon has also had many effects on the lived experience of the neighborhood residents and made their healthy coexistence vulnerable in different dimensions. The emergence of the Corona epidemic has been one of these crises that has caused immediate changes in the way of living and new demands in the last four years. The daily worries caused by the epidemic have put the physical, mental and psychological health of the neighborhood residents at risk. Goals: Therefore, the main objectives of the research are 1. Rethinking the concept of the neighborhood as the center of the Iranian-Islamic city and 2. Rethinking the concept of neighborhood health as required by the post-pandemic era.

This research has been developed in terms of its scientific-review nature and based on the correspondence of experiences and literature of two fundamental concepts "Iranian-Islamic neighborhood" and the emerging concept of "pandemy". In terms of the type of research, it is applied, developmental and based on the research method, the theme is based on this, and the studies related to "neighborhood" are based on two physical-spatial and socio-economic components through searching religious texts, jurisprudence and Islamic Sharia, and the interpretations of Islamic thinkers from the Holy Qur'an, the Sunna of the Prophet (PBUH) and Nahj al-Balaghah.Also, studies related to "epidemic" by searching in Science direct, Springer, Scopus and Elsevier databases based on the researcher's category of "bio-medical, bio-psychological and bio-geographical" from the review of 182 valid articles were conducted. The study was carried out so that, based on the obtained data, the content correspondence of the two concepts of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhood and the epidemic, as well as the realization of the research goals, would be possible.

Based on the findings of the research, 18 criteria related to bio-location, 10 criteria related to bio-psychology and 7 criteria related to bio-medicine have been promoted in the field of contemporary urban planning. The summary of the criteria related to the Iranian-Islamic neighborhood also confirms 18 criteria as well. Examining the basis of the criteria of livability during the pandemic and the criteria of the Iranian-Islamic neighborhood shows that these two heterogeneous phenomena (in terms of life and time) not only do not have fundamental contradictions in content, but also have a content coherence. It is evident between the criteria. This research is important because it shows that the Islamic neighborhood has the possibility of development in life and improving the health of its residents in such a way that it can be used with the contemporary interpretation of the epidemic in the field of improving the health of the Iranian society. Therefore, the importance of the implicit thought in non-Islamic urban planning in the field of "healthy neighborhood in the contemporary era" under the pretext of the emerging phenomenon of the Corona epidemic is criticized and strongly needs to be reconsidered.

Over time, the use of underground spaces has changed and has been considered for various other purposes. Many US1 built for a specific period with a specific purpose have been left without a specific function today. The reason for this can be considered the lack of a clear and codified plan in the face of these spaces. Therefore, the importance of underground issues related to US jus tifies the inclusion of UUS2 in urban index sys tems. Hence, due to the depletion of activity, many US today have created bubbles lacking function under the skin of cities; with proper identification, it will be possible to use them in the service of cities and citizens. Thus, the main Goals of Current research are -Recognizing the characteris tics of US -The typology of the urban US, and -Solutions to reproduce the urban US. This research is a scientific review, and the information collected is documentary-oriented. The lack of reliable sources in the fields of architecture and civil engineering in the subject of US, geographical extent, and diversity of species of these spaces on the planet show the importance of this research. Therefore, typology and solutions for reproducing urban US are presented from two methods of inves tigating the theoretical foundations and known projects in the field of US. The present s tudy's findings based on the literature review and reproduction of US showed that these spaces could be defined into six categories.

From the beginning of human civilization, man has always been in search of happiness. Aristotle believed that "happiness is the ultimate meaning and purpose of life" (Chen & Zhang, 2018). Happiness and mental health are the most important factors of public health. Assessing the extent to which our place of residence can affect our emotions and overall qualities of life has always been one of the most important theoretical and empirical topics in the various professions of human geography, urban and regional studies, urban design and planning, and assurance. Citizens’ high quality of life in all its objective and mental dimensions is one of the most important concerns of managers and urban planners around the world (Moore et al., 2018 and Ballas, 2013).Designing and planning to improve people’s health in many scientific circles, especially since the early 90s in the 20th century, have been already discussed. However, the researchers’ main problem in this field has been addressing people’’s physical health and neglecting the issue of the impacts of urban spaces on citizens’ mental, emotional, and spiritual health conditions (Pfeiffer & Cloutier, 2016).In general, the spaces of urban neighborhoods should be in a way that they provide citizens with easy access to interactive and green and public environments ensure their healthy physical and mental lives, and make a positive feeling in them. It is clear that having positive face-to-face experiences in the neighborhood can affect the level of citizen happiness (Han et al., 2019).Given that mental health requires extensive studies to determine a specific framework of factors affecting it, this research was innovative in this regard. Also, considering that the outputs of theoretical studies are evaluated in the context of urban spaces, they can be a suitable source for implementation of practical measures and fill the gap between thought and action. Therefore, doing this research was necessary.According to the definitions provided by the World Health Organization, an individual’s happiness and mental health is affected not only by intrapersonal characteristics, but also by social and economic factors related to some other environmental components, such as safety. Existence of environments for leisure time, existence of green spaces and vegetation, vitality of the environment, etc. have all been considered as factors that are related to individuals’ levels of happiness and mental health (Hoisington et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2014;Firdaus, 2017;and Melis et al., 2015).Various studies have shown that citizens’ quality of life is directly related to their living environments. In the meantime, the public spaces of cities are of special importance as a platform that provides the ground for collective life and can strengthen or weaken citizens’ health. In general, the artificial environment is one of the most influential determinants and prerequisites for citizens’ health. In many studies, its impact on various aspects of health has been examined. Among them, citizens' mental health and happiness are the most influential dimensions that are strongly influenced by urban structures and environments (Melis et al., 2015).According to Choe (2012), "Of the main concerns of urban designers and planners in different cities, especially in the old and worn-out contexts of cities, are reduction of citizens’ quality of life and their loss of vitality, as well as reduction of the physical quality of the environment." "It is a concept that seems almost difficult to define. This concept is mainly definedbylife satisfaction, mental comfort, and enjoyment for well-being and security (Choe, 2012).Urban neighborhoods and streets have a special role in attracting people to the public space of cities and are very important for the city vitality and its inhabitants. This is while the growing trend of using vehicles has reduced the social role of cities and this issue has led to less human interactions in cities and paying more attention to cars and the need for motor vehicles (Horijani, 1397).Therefore, in the profession of urban design and planning, creating a context to provide spaces that can improve the residents’ positive feelings and emotions and reduce their negative emotions is necessary and undeniable. Accordingly, the effort to create a happy atmosphere for citizens in the society that can provide them with a peace of mind. This should be considered as one of the main tasks of social institutions, such as municipalities, city councils, and urban management systems in general. Due to the importance of the issue and lack of a comprehensive and useful research on it in Sanandaj, this study was done to make a comparison between two different neighborhoods with worn and new structures and different social contexts in Sanandaj City.

The present study was based on a descriptive-analytical method in terms of purpose and data collection was done in the two ways of library and field studies. To achieve the research objective, which was investigation of environmental qualities affecting the citizens’ happiness in Sanandaj City, the necessary framework was identified and extracted by reviewing the existing sources and documents and then a questionnaire was used to collect the background data.To answer the research questions, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, one-way analysis of variance, and regression analysis were utilized, as well as SmartPLS software. To test normality of the research variables Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied. The results related to the citizens’ different levels of vitality, mental health, and happiness and also differences in urban design qualities in both neighborhoods were used via one-way variance to evaluate the effectiveness of qualities. Urban design was used on the level of the citizens’ mental health.Also, using regression analysis, different levels of each of the urban design qualities in the mentioned neighborhoods were studied through statistical calculations. Finally, SmartPLS software was employed to develop structural equation modeling and provide suggestions.Considering the importance of looking at cities for citizens' happiness and joy, the main purpose of this study was to explain the framework of urban design qualities that affected the citizens’ mental health and happiness.

From the structural equation model of the research, it could be stated that the research hypotheses were confirmed with 95% confidence and the quality components of urban design had a positive and significant effect on the citizens’ mental health. Also, based on beta coefficients, it was clear that the components of perceptual and transportation qualities had the most and least impacts on the citizens’ mental health and happiness, respectively.In general, evaluations of the components of functional quality, transportation quality, ecosystem quality, perceptual quality, visual quality, social environment quality, and total time quality (coefficient of determination: 97%) related to health changes determined the citizens’ mental health and the rest of changes in the citizens’ mental health were related to other factors that were outside the scope of this study. Table 13: Structural equation results (source: authors) mental health Ecosystem Quality 0.31 3.84 Confirmation Positive mental health Perceptional Quality 0.77 7.37 Confirmation Positive mental health   Visual Quality 0.53 6.78  Confirmation Positive mental health Social Environment Quality 0.50 6.13 Confirmation Positive mental health = Time Quality 0.41 4.15 Confirmation Positive mental health  Urban Design Quality 0.94 240.52 Confirmation Positive |t|>1.96 significant at P<0.05, |t|>2.58 significant at P<0.01

The results of the statistical analyses showed that based on what was asked in the first question, the residents of the two different neighborhoods of Sanandaj located in the two different types of traditional and developed contexts enjoyed life on different levels of satisfaction , mental health, vitality, and happiness, which could be attributed to the differences in the levels of some environmental qualities, such as environmental sensory richness, attractive visual qualities, and existence of different spaces for them to stop and spend time. Leisure time could create a ground for improving the residents’ social interactions in the two neighborhoods.The results obtained in this study are consistent with the results of the studies of Zuniga-Teran et al. (2017), Pfeiffer et al. (2016), Cao (2016), Taheri and Taheri (1398), and Abrun et al. (1397).Regarding the impacts of environmental qualities on the citizens’ levels of mental health, the studied qualities, i.e., functional quality, quality of transportation, quality of ecosystem, perceptual quality, visual quality, quality of social environment, and quality of time, could be mentioned as the factors affecting their health.In addition, it could be stated that the existence of such qualities could be the definitive environmental predictors that ensured part of the citizens’ mental health that was affected by the environment and urban design qualities. These results are consistent with the results obtained by Han et al. (Impacts of Access to Parks and Green Spaces on Mental Health) (Han & Kim, 2019), Wales (Impacts of Sense of Safety and Security on Mental health and Well-being) (Wills, 2014), Zhang et al. (The Effects of Different Environmental Qualities on Mental Health and Happiness) (Chen et al., 2018), Griff et al. (The Effects of the Physical and Social Structures of the Environment on the Health and Mental Stress of Citizens) (Greif & Dodoo, 2015), Taheri et al. (The Effect of Physical Environment on Citizens' Satisfaction with the Environment and Their Happiness) (Taheri and Taheri, 2009), and Abron et al., 1397), thus confirming their results and completing their studies.The research results emphasized the importance of urban design in the citizens’ mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the citizens’ happiness based on the research approach, besides including the related courses of urban design for obtaining the master's degree at the university, the criteria of a happy city based on the results of the present research and other similar researches, as well as the related experiences gained by the relevant organizations in Iran so as to take valuable steps for achieving the goal of Masharaliyeh in the medium and long term.

Problem statement: 

Third place is a key concept for understanding the functioning of the relationship between the environment and society. Cities are complex socio-environmental systems and have always been a platform for social interaction, space for meeting, and spending leisure time. Looking at different areas of Sanandaj, the social inequalities in different neighborhoods, which are due to the unequal distribution of urban facilities and facilities, can be seen. This is sometimes associated with the authorities’ view of locations and mismatches between actions taken and the concept of place and users’ needs.

The main goal of this research is to identify and validate the effective indicators in creating a third place.

The research method of this study is survey. This study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and futuristic in terms of time. Data was collected through documentary and survey methods. Accordingly, “thematic” and “content” methods were used in evaluating the content of the subject literature, and also the “evidence-based” method was used in evaluating the case study and survey based on observation, documentation, and questionnaires. Qualitative information evaluation was performed in Maxqda 18 software.

The results of the study show the difference between the perspectives of influential groups including officials and users’ opinions about the status and characteristics of the third place. One of the reasons for changes in urban spaces and place creation is the level of society’s awareness of the effects of urban design as well as their demands. Such awareness will lead to the growth and development of people-oriented and the creation of urban places. Also, the set of users’ requests, based on the evidence-based evaluation of Didgah park hills and Mellat, is in line with the indicators of creating a third place based on the content analysis of the relevant literature. Based on this, suggestions for the environmental and indigenous features of Sanandaj are presented.

The result of the success or failure of the tourism development of destinations in the world depends on the mental image of tourists about them and the macro management of this attitude in the hands of the government and decision makers in the field of tourism. This situation is taken from the tourists' inference of the meaning of the place and their perception, and they start from the beginning of the stage of choosing travel destinations. One of the ways to overcome the current situation is to use new brand decisions in this industry. Since the late 1990s, the branding of objective and subjective elements has been welcomed as one of the sub-branches of tourism, with the aim of strengthening the infrastructure and urban and rural destinations. The main goal of the current research is to identify tourism development indicators and present the framework of Sanandaj city development based on branding approach. To collect the necessary data, survey-field method and document review have been used. The statistical community of the research of tourists visiting the tourist attractions of Sanandaj city and a statistical sample of 380 people have been selected. In order to evaluate the quantitative results of the questionnaire, multi-criteria decision analysis methods (FTOPSIS) were used, and for qualitative evaluation, the content analysis method and MAXQDA software were used. The results of the research according to the mental image of the sample show that the selection of national and international registered works, in the case of Sanandaj tourism destinations alone, cannot be a correct criterion, but any environmental, social, physical element that is acceptable in the minds of the majority of the society. It has the possibility to be considered as a potential brand. In this regard, while presenting the tourism development framework of Sanandaj city, suggestions are presented.

The bond between the city and the movies is a two-way, strong one more than a century old. The movies has always been defined with respect to the city and urban spaces since the first days of its creation—late 19th century. If the audience perceives urban spaces as having various functions and appropriate spatial qualities in the movie, the perception is associated with the real space and causes different feedbacks than those spaces in the long term. Despite the increasing global desire to use the cinematic image of the city to achieve various layers of information, the Iranian movies still fails to present a correct image of the city. The beating heart of every city, urban spaces are still not used in the Iranian movies in the general sense. While large, important cities such as Paris, London, New York, and Berlin are always in a two-way relationship with the movies and urban spaces, where the city and the various relevant issues are always exposed to cinematic representations as everyday, critical, or praiseworthy matters, reflection on such issues is still heretical in Iran. Especially, critical reflection about Tehran, as the main location in the Iranian movies, has not received much attention. A way to understand the urban space is to represent the city, urban spaces, and the complex, contradictory whole using the movies. Therefore, the main purposes of this research are to 1- examine the characteristics of different periods of the Iranian movies from the beginning of its formation to 2019, 2- examine different dimensions of selected works of the Iranian fiction movies after the Islamic Revolution of 1978, 3- extract urban space creation criteria in the fiction movies works, and 4- represent the image of a more human-oriented urban space in the Iranian movies. The latter suggestion is made because it is assumed that the Iranian cinematographer can achieve a dialectic of indicating the positive and negative aspects of the existing spaces in the country’s cities by using the correct criteria for representation of urban spaces in the movies, thereby nurturing informed, insistent viewers and causing active measures on the part of environmental designers to create more humane spaces.

Theoretical Framework:

The final criteria were evaluated with the methods of analyzing the content, watching the movie, and surveying the city in the movie. Based on the conceptual model, the final criteria include the following in the order specified from the filmmaker’s point of view: the qualities of the urban space in the movie, diversity in the use of urban spaces, method of payment for the place, types of urban space, and types of character. The criterion of diversity in urban spaces, which concerns the use of these spaces in different parts of the city (not only in a specific region) with the urban surveying method in the movie, seeks the diversity of urban spaces presented in the city of Tehran in the fiction movies of choice produced after the revolution, and the final map is generated in the GIS software. 5 more criteria were examined first in the most important movies produced after the revolution with the method of content analysis and movie watching.

In a comparative study, what can help the researcher to achieve his goal is greater emphasis on simultaneous analysis and examination of contrasts, as practiced in this research.

All the above points indicate that the Iranian moviemaker still considers the city and its imposed modernity to be the source of many problems.Another issue emphasized by Iranian moviemakers is to demonstrate the constant development of the city and its spaces regardless of the events of the story and peoples’ wishes. In some movies, no emphasis is placed on the urban space if actually depicted, and it is regarded simply as a background for the events of the story. All locations are focused on certain areas in Tehran and the like.

The results of the research demonstrate that we have not been very successful in creation of urban spaces in the past decades, and the few spaces that have been created and recreated have not been welcomed by cinematographers for various reasons. Moreover, the represented urban areas have been restricted to certain areas in Tehran, which has been subject to the conditions mentioned in the section on findings.Furthermore, most of the selected movies in the fiction and urban fields were filmed in Tehran, and we are faced all around Iran with a pure centralism in terms of selection of the location of filming in urban spaces despite the availability of a variety thereof. This process should be corrected to address different aspects of various cities in Iran in fiction movies.

Urban spaces have always been considered as a milestone of planning and thought to the city. The role of these spaces in the pandemic was doubled in importance. The experience of quarantine and observance of social distancing were among the issues that led to a rethinking of how urban spaces were formed in line with the new conditions that COVID-19 and its new strains imposed on citizens’ life. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to provide a framework for creating resilient and flexible urban spaces in accordant period after COVID-19 pandemic. This scientific research is reviewed and based on the review of experiences and literature, three basic concepts of “urban spaces, resilience and flexibility as well as the effects and influences of two sides of urban spaces and covid-19 pandemic” have been developed. Therefore, based on the researchers conducted from the beginning of the pandemic, selected resources and studies were carried out. The findings show that increasing resilience in urban spaces is possible by explaining medium,medium and long-term approaches through combined attention to physical and non-physical factors such as social, behavioral, economic, etc. and suggestions are suggested to achieve this according to the underlying conditions of Iran.

In the contemporary era of centralism in the structure of urban management, economic and social changes and developments have caused the loss of social and physical cohesion of neighborhoods, so that with the emergence of urban development plans, neighborhoods are simply a unit of urban divisions based on population and enjoyment. Basic neighborhood services have become. In this study, assuming the difference in the type of association according to different economic / social / physical characteristics in different neighborhoods, respectively, in three neighborhoods, newly built, historical and dilapidated, including Shalman (newly built, density of 6 floors); Head (historical, density of 2 floors); Nisser (informal settlement, with a density of 2 floors) were selected for the case study.The method used in this research is a combination of content analysis methods, surveys and conversations, based on which attendance at the neighborhood level, using a 24-question questionnaire and interviewing people is done. Spss 16 software is used in the analysis of the questionnaire. The results of this study show that in neighborhood relations, all three subsets of good fellowship, ie, "participation, dignity and virtue", exist in different proportions, only the level of establishing relationships, how they are, how the relationship is extensive, and so on. Which can be defined under the influence of neighborhood characteristics and confirms that antisocial factors affect how to socialize. In the contemporary era of centralism in the structure of urban management, economic and social changes and developments have caused the loss of social and physical cohesion of neighborhoods, so that with the emergence of urban development plans, neighborhoods are simply a unit of urban divisions based on population and enjoyment. Basic neighborhood services have become. In this study, assuming the difference in the type of association according to different economic / social / physical characteristics in different neighborhoods, respectively, in three neighborhoods, newly built, historical and dilapidated, including Shalman (newly built, density of 6 floors); Head (historical, density of 2 floors); Nisser (informal settlement, with a density of 2 floors) were selected for the case study.The method used in this research is a combination of content analysis methods, surveys and conversations, based on which attendance at the neighborhood level, using a 24-question questionnaire and interviewing people is done. Spss 16 software is used in the analysis of the questionnaire. The results of this study show that in neighborhood relations, all three subsets of good fellowship, ie, "participation, dignity and virtue", exist in different proportions, only the level of establishing relationships, how they are, how the relationship is extensive, and so on. Which can be defined under the influence of neighborhood characteristics and confirms that antisocial factors affect how to socialize.

Islamic-culture is one of the basic human issues that the comprehensiveness of the Holy Quran and authentic narrations are expected to have a proper answer to it. The main purpose of this study is to identify the aspects of the effects of Islamic culture on the social relations of the residents of Sartapuleh neighborhood and to investigate the effect of physical elements with different functions especially religious buildings in the type of socialization of residents. Due to the decrease in the social importance of neighborhoods over time, the purpose of this study is to achieve a model to improve the social qualities of neighborhoods with cohesive elements. Therefore, from the method of content analysis based on theoretical principles in the field of social cohesion in accordance with the Holy Quran, the Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH) and Nahj al-Balaghah,three components of good social cohesion or social cohesion including virtue, dignity and participation were obtained. While preparing a questionnaire according to the examples of the above components, according to the Cochran's formula, 100 residents and neighborhood business were selected as a sample and the results showed that the components of dignity have a score of 3.44, virtue 3.36 and participation0.66. According to the standard analysis of the Likert Five-Scale Questionnaire, the components of virtue and dignity are in the range of 2 to 3.5, ineffective, and the component of participation is in the opposite range. Finally, social cohesion is in a relatively good condition and suggestions are made to strengthen it.

Due to the current corona pandemic situation, people's acceptance of urban spaces has changed due to their presence. Historic buildings are one of the reasons for attracting people to attend public spaces, and the space in front of these buildings is also a hangout for people. The space in front of Khosrowabad mansion in Sanandaj is the only pedestrian green road in this city that can offer better quality despite the public welcome.While reviewing the literature on the subject, 3 components "social / human; environmental; "Physically" was identified. The present study is applied in terms of purpose type and survey research in terms of method. The analytical tool used in this research is Gindrooz technique, according to which the density of lines indicates the density of physical, social and environmental events and the length of the lines indicates the importance of the events and is obtained through a questionnaire and a green survey. In this study, 100 creative Ginderzi questionnaires are used to identify landscape features in the summer of 2020 and suggestions for improving landscape qualities are presented.

Today, important parts of cities with capitalist intentions are used for large-scale projects. Many people are affected by these plans. The consequences of land acquisition in many development projects have led to widespread dissatisfaction among the residents of the areas in the project. This factor has weakened the rights of residents and caused many material and identity losses and has created many problems for the community. Therefore, it is necessary to study this issue from the perspective of the religion of Islam. In this study, while studying scientific sources and religious texts, under the concept of the Iranian-Islamic city, three jurisprudential dimensions, citizenship and moral rights, are examined. The main question of the research is “What is the position of jurisprudential and moral principles and its rules with emphasis on the concept of ownership in urban development projects?” The results showed that the rules of domination, harm and expediency is one of the most important jurisprudential principles that must be observed in Islamic urban planning in Iran in order to maintain and strengthen the family foundation, property stability, and respect for citizens. In this regard, the concepts of Islamic urban planning should be included as a necessity in the laws related to the city. Lack of updating of a number of laws of the country and incorrect interpretation of the collective interest in large-scale projects, which are mostly prepared and implemented with economic intentions and political lusts, are among the reasons for problems in the field of land acquisition.

In Iran, the entrance of cities does not have a suitable position. Large-scale, unspecified entry limits, uneven growth, and lack of codified programs in organizing their development are among the reasons that have shaped the current situation. How the experience of space and user perception is one of the most important effective ways in determining the correct entry limit and qualities of the entry points of cities. In this study, using questionnaires, interviews, and field observations in the form of a combined model of Lynch, Nassar, and Appliard, objectives such as determining the boundaries and reviewing the eastern entrance of Sanandaj from the Hamedan axis are followed according to users' environmental perception and analysis of gender differences from the extracted maps of the above triple models. The uncertainty of the entrance boundaries of cities as one of the main obstacles of design, the multiplicity of views and diversity of opinions about the entrances of cities, made it necessary to conduct this research. The nature of the data is qualitative and documentary and library studies form the basis of interpreting the survey and field concepts used in this research. This article seeks to answer the question that despite the existence of gender differences among all members of society, which originate from cultural, social, education, age, etc., a specific framework for gender differences in the perception of entry points can be considered? Findings of the study, while confirming the existence of perceptual differences based on gender, according to what was obtained in the process of collecting cognitive maps and interviews with statistical samples, in the form of seven criteria "orientation, position recognition, range visualization, scale, proportions, qualities, Details »A common framework between women and men maps was developed and discussed.

In the past, squares were one of the most people-oriented urban places in Iranian cities. But in recent decades they have been in utter disarray. Nowadays, the social concept of the square is gone and its traffic role has become more important. Azadi square in Sanandaj is no exception. The main purpose of the present study is to achieve the creative process of physical development in urban squares and its use in case study place-making. A theoretical framework was adopted based on documentary review which showed compatibility of square nature with place-making approach in terms of "urban architecture, hard and soft landscape, motives and incentives, activity, and environment". The applied method of the present study is an analytical-participatory, by which the following techniques are used to assess the components of place-making: observation, survey, GIS, node and mane, Envy-Met. It will also integrate the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) with the SWOT table, and use it in the QSPM matrix to prioritize SWOT factors and place-making components. While presenting strategies, policies and physical development of the case study and the creative process of physical development of the urban squares, it is identified that the importance of landscape, incentives, activity, and architectural components of the building have, respectively, the greatest impacts on the place-making of urban squares.

Region 12 of Tehran is known as one of the most strategic urban zones, because of its geographical situation in the middle of capital and its important land uses include Golestan palace, The parliament, Hospitals and etc. in this Research, according to theory framework in Passive Defense, 7 Effective Factors on Urban Regions Vulnerability had found and case study would analyze based on them. The main goal is “Region 12 of Tehran Zoning against Artificial and Natural threats by Passive Defense Approach”. First 7 GIS Layers of Case study has created and Assessment. Then priority of Factors has found By ANP Method and Random distributing questionnaire among 20 Architecture and urbanism professors of all high ranking Tehran Universities. Finally, All the Layers put together by Emphasis on their Points and their priority and the Map of Vulnerability of Tehran’s Region 12 has created. Results show in Total 89/5 Percent of Case study Blocks are put in High risk Vulnerability. Fuzzy Vulnerability Map shows that Respectively 23, 22, 20,11,10,19 and 20 Neighborhoods have most Vulnerability against Artificial and Natural threats .

Nowadays waterfronts are considered as one of the most important spaces in improving spatial qualities of cities. Attention to environmental sustainability of urban design of waterfronts, will result in a fairly comprehensive approach to all aspects. The present study tries to extract qualities by reviewing literature on sustainable place-making, measure and evaluate them in the Qara-sou River. The main object is to achieve sustainable place-making strategies to improve the quality of rivers in urban areas. Because of the inappropriate status of surrounding area around the the Qara-sou River, the existence of possible potentials and the lack of a coherent plan for its sustainable revival, required research to be carried out. The research data are qualitative-quantitative. The environmental qualitative analysis of the case study done using the SWOT matrix. To determine the reliability and validity of research and prioritization of SWOT criteria, a questionnaire based on Cochran formula with a sample size of 100 person by using randomized method, with the possibility of People's accountability, with specified time and age was distributed.
Analysis of data from the combination of SWOT and hierarchical process analysis, with help of the Expert Choice software, is calculated. The results show that among the SWOT factors, the weaknesses have the highest weight in the sustainable place-making of the case and in Categories of factors; And in categorizing factors in the form of factors of quality of environmental sustainability, functional one has the first priority; and Finally, sustainable place-making strategies of Rivers are presented

As social paradigm matured during 3 past decades and place making approach promoted, there have been new urban design viewpoints established. However, it seems that they are not highly credited in this field. Hence, the main objective of this research is to investigate the place of these viewpoints based on conceptualization boundary criteria. This research is an applied and developmental one in term of goal and a descriptive-analytic in term of methodology. Data is qualitative and the theoretical framework in this research is library studying. Accordingly, there was 7 new urban design viewpoints evaluated based on conceptualization boundary criteria using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and consulting with 8 members of faculty board. It was detected which viewpoint was in conscious or unconscious urban design and which is not urban design. This research was required since the researchers of other areas would be provided with knowledge on validity and place of these viewpoints so that addressing new viewpoints doesn’t mean their application and they may not be referenced. However the viewpoints are new, there are no places for them in urban design realm. It is obvious that incorrect selection and application of viewpoints can block the way toward sustainable urban design principle.