keivan kakabraee

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an auditory verbal rehabilitation program on speech development performance in preschool children with cochlear implants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This was an experimental study using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of 24 deaf children (12 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group). The sampling method was purposeful and convenience sampling. The main tool for assessing speech development performance in deaf children was the Speech Clarity Rating Scale. This scale was developed in 1998 by Allen and colleagues to assess the speech production of children. The experimental group received auditory verbal rehabilitation training (12 sessions lasting 45 minutes, 2 or 3 times a week), while the control group received no intervention. The measurement tools included speech development questionnaires administered at both pre-test and post-test stages. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and covariance analysis. After six months of implementing the rehabilitation program, the findings showed that the average speech development scores for the control group were 2.92 in the pre-test phase and 2.85 in the post-test phase, while for the experimental group, the scores were 3.17 in the pre-test phase and 3.58 in the post-test phase. The results of the one-way analysis of variance of the speech development scores before the training indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups (experimental and control) before the intervention (P > 0.05). The one-way analysis of covariance showed that after adjusting for the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the post-test mean scores between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.01). The effect size of this difference was 0.61, meaning that 61% of the variance in speech development was attributable to the group differences. Finally, the adjusted mean post-test speech development scores revealed that the experimental group (3.48) performed better than the control group (2.94) in the post-test. On the other hand, it can be said that the active participation of parents in the therapeutic process accelerated speech learning and improved the child's performance in natural environments. These findings suggest that the verbal auditory rehabilitation program can be an effective tool for improving the speech and language skills of deaf children in various regions, including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Considering the psychological needs of infertile women, the important role of cognitive emotion regulation in their psychological state, and the lack of an intervention to deal with infertility stress in Iran, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral infertility stress coping training on the cognitive emotion regulation of infertile women.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/two-month follow-up design. The study population consists of infertile women who referred to infertility treatment centers and visited specialists in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2021. Using a convenience sampling method, 40 women were selected and were divided into two groups (intervention and control). They completed Newton’s fertility problem inventory and Garnefski and Kraaij’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 24 using repeated measures analysis of variance.

There were significant differences in the CERQ scores in the intervention group between the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (P<0.05). The significant effect was maintained in the follow-up stage (P<0.05).

The cognitive-behavioral infertility stress-coping training program is effective in improving the cognitive emotion regulation of infertile women. Therefore, this program can be used to reduce the stress of infertile women in Iran.

The aim of this study is to investigate problem-solving skills as a comprehensive program that plays a significant role in communication and guiding individuals' lives towards achieving specific goals. The program is designed to modify behavior, select, and replace appropriate behaviors in challenging conditions faced by individuals.

Methods and Materials:

The research design is quasi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up method with a control group. A total of 100 students were selected through random sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (50 participants) and a control group (50 participants). Parents and students then participated in 10 two-hour sessions of the family-centered problem-solving program over three months. Data were collected based on parents' reports using the short form of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory (D'Zurilla et al., 2004) and the Pianta Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (1994).

The findings, according to the participating mothers' reports, indicated a significant difference in the experimental group between pre-test and post-test scores (three-month interval) and follow-up (one-month interval) in the subscales of the Pianta Parent-Child Interaction, including conflict resolution (P < 0.04) and intimacy (P < 0.03). However, no significant difference was found in the dependency subscale.

The practical application of the family-centered problem-solving training resulted in changes in mothers' parenting styles, improving interactive communication between mother and child, increasing emotional connection and intimacy with the child, and reducing emotional conflicts among children, thereby playing an important role in family communication patterns.

For many people, infertility is a cause of psychological stress that can cause emotional stress and many negative psychological reactions, including depression, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, decreased self-esteem, feelings of sexual inadequacy, and decreased sexual satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral training package for coping with infertility stress on cognitive regulation of emotion and hope in infertile women.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study was infertile women referred to infertility centers and gynecologists and infertility specialists in Kermanshah in 2021. Among the infertile women eligible to participate in the study, 60 were selected as a sample using the convenience sampling method based on informed consent and were randomly assigned into two groups (intervention and control). Newton et al.'s Infertility Stress Questionnaire, Garnevsky and Kraij's Cognitive Regulation of Emotion and Schneider's Hope were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements.

The results showed that there was a difference among the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in cognitive emotion regulation (F=60.392, p<0.05) and hopefulness (F=68.794, p<0.05), and this significant difference continued until the follow-up stage.

Cognitive-behavioral coping training package for infertility stress in infertile women can be effective in cognitive regulation of emotion and hope in infertile women. This program can be used to reduce stress in infertile women along with drug treatment.

 Infertility is one of the major reproductive problems and is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of sexual intercourse without using any method of pregnancy prevention. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of designing a cognitive-behavioral coping training package for infertile women, specifically focusing on the impact of infertility stress on distress tolerance and cognitive regulation of emotion.

This was a quasi-experimental design that involved a pre-test, a post-test, and a two-month follow-up. The participants were infertile women who were referred to infertility centers and the offices of gynecologists for infertility treatment in Kermanshah city in 2021. Sixty people were selected as a sample using the purposeful sampling method based on informed consent and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group), and each experimental group trained in 12 sessions using a cognitive-behavioral coping training package with Ghobadi infertility stress. Data collection forms included Perceived Infertility Stress (PIS), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CER). The statistical tests consisted of chi-square and repeated measure ANOVA, which were analyzed by SPSS V.24, and the level of significance was considered less than 0.05.

There is a difference between the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in the Distress Tolerance scale (P<0.001) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation’s scores (P<0.001). Also, these differences were significant between groups during the follow-up stage (P<0.001).

The cognitive-behavioral coping training package with infertility stress can be effective in decreasing the distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation of infertile women's emotions.

One of the most important anxiety disorders that disrupt people's lives is social anxiety disorder. This anxiety is caused by concerns related to negative evaluation and fear of adverse reactions from others, an expectation of failure in socialization, or rejection of their weakened social skills. One of these psychological variables that may be affected by social anxiety in people, especially in teenage students, is social skills. Adolescents with social anxiety are at risk of social immaturity and social dysfunction. Various research studies have proven the effectiveness of treatment protocols such as endurance exercises, metacognitive therapy, and solution-oriented therapy in improving social skills. However, in the review of the effectiveness of the mentioned treatment protocols, no study examined the differences between these treatments. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of metacognitive therapy, solution-focused therapy, and endurance exercises on the social skills of female students with social anxiety disorder.

The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and a one-month follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all female students of the second high school level in the three educational districts of Kermanshah City, Iran, in the academic year 2022-2023. From this population, 60 students were selected according to the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 students each (three experimental and one control). The inclusion criteria were personal satisfaction with attending training sessions, diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (getting a score of 19 and above on the social anxiety questionnaire), not having a medical history related to social anxiety, and not suffering from other psychological disorders. The exclusion criteria were the use of psychiatric and psychoactive drugs, the absence of more than two sessions, and participation in other courses and therapeutic interventions at the same time as the present study. The therapeutic interventions of endurance exercises, metacognitive therapy, and solution-focused therapy were applied to the experimental groups. The control group remained waiting (the group awaiting treatment), and no intervention was used. To collect information, the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) (Konnor et al., 2000) and the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) (Inderbitzen & Foster, 1992) were used. Data analysis was done in SPSS 23 software with the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.

The findings showed that, in the posttest and follow-up stages, all three treatments increased appropriate social behavior and decreased inappropriate social behavior of female students with social anxiety disorder (p<0.001). Also, among the three treatments, the solution-focused treatment was more effective in the posttest of the appropriate social behavior variable than the endurance exercises (p<0.001). In the posttest of the inappropriate social behavior variable, the solution-focused treatment compared to endurance exercises (p=0.021), and in the follow-up of the inappropriate social behavior variable, metacognitive therapy (p=0.008) and solution-focused treatment (p<0.001) compared to the endurance exercises was more effective.

The results showed that all three treatment models can be used in the Iranian clinical sample. However, solution-focused treatment is more effective in appropriate social behavior than endurance exercises. In addition, this treatment is more effective in inappropriate social behavior than two metacognitive treatments and endurance exercises.

For many people, infertility is a prominent crisis and cause of mental stress that causes many unfavorable psychological reactions. The purpose of the research is to design a cognitive-behavioral coping training package with the stress of infertility and its effectiveness on the hope of infertile women.

The present study was conducted using a mixed method using the qualitative part, content analysis type, and the quantitative part, semi-experimental, in the pre-test-post-test-two-month follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population of this research was infertile women referring to infertility centers and gynecology and infertility specialists in Kermanshah in 2022. A sample of forty women was selected as a sample using the purposeful sampling method and replaced in two groups (experimental and control) in a simple random manner. Data were collected from Newton et al.'s infertility stress questionnaire (1999) and Schneider's Hope (1991). The data was analyzed using a content validity test and repeated measurement variance analysis tests.

The designed educational package was valid and adequate. The findings showed a significant difference between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in the component of hope, and this difference continued until the follow-up stage.

The educational package on cognitive-behavioral coping with the stress of infertility of infertile women can be used to reduce the stress and increase the hope of infertile women.

Infertility is a stressful event in human life and nowadays it is a relatively common problem among couples. The purpose of this research is the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral coping training package with the stress of infertility on hope and tolerance of distress in infertile women

  This study was a semi-experimental type with a control group, with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research was infertile women who referred to infertility centers and the office of gynecologists and infertility treatment in Kermanshah city in 2022. Among the infertile women and in order to control the effect, 60 people were selected using the available sampling method based on informed consent as a sample and randomly selected in three groups (2 experimental groups under cognitive-behavioral coping training with infertility stress and 1 control group ) were replaced and the experimental groups were trained in 12 sessions using the cognitive-behavioral coping training package with infertility stress (Ghobadi, Kakabraei and Guderzi, 2024). In this research, to measure the scales, from the infertility stress questionnaire of Newton et al. The data collection tool is Newton et al.'s infertility stress questionnaire (1999), Simmons and Gaher's emotional distress tolerance (2005) and Schneider's hope (1991). Data analysis in SPSS-24 software is from repeated measurement analysis of variance and checking its defaults.

Examining the effectiveness of the educational package on the tolerance of distress and hope of infertile women showed that there is a difference between the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up in tolerance of distress and hope and their components (p=0/001), and this significant difference continued until the follow-up stage (p=0/001). The size of the effect of education on hope and distress tolerance is equal to 0.831 and 0.967, respectively.

The cognitive-behavioral coping training package with infertility stress of infertile women can be effective in bearing the distress and hope of infertile women, and this program can be used to reduce the stress of infertile women

The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy, solution-oriented therapy, and endurance exercises on the problem-solving styles of female students with social anxiety disorder. The design of this research is a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a heterogeneous control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population was female students of the second level of high school in the three educational districts of Kermanshah in the academic year 1401-1402. From this population, 60 students with social anxiety were selected by screening and according to the criteria for entering the study. They were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 people (three experimental and one control). The research tools included social anxiety questionnaires (Kanor, 2000) and problem-solving styles (Dzurila et al., 2002). The data were analyzed with SPSS23 software and analysis of variance and Benferoni's post hoc test. The findings showed that metacognitive therapy, solution-oriented therapy, and endurance exercises increased efficient problem-solving styles and decreased ineffective problem-solving styles in people with social anxiety (P≤0.05) and among the three treatments, metacognitive therapy in efficient problem-solving styles and metacognitive and solution-oriented treatment in ineffective problem-solving styles were more effective than endurance exercises (P≤0.05). Based on these findings, it can be said that all three treatment models can be used in the Iranian clinical sample.

One of the most common disorders that negatively impacts all aspects of individuals' lives is social phobia disorder. In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend towards investigating the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches in reducing social anxiety disorder among adolescents, and treatment protocols such as endurance training, metacognitive therapy, and solution-focused therapy have been examined for their efficacy in various studies. However, a research gap exists as no study has focused on comparing the differences between these treatments.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy, solution-focused therapy, and endurance training on self-efficacy beliefs of female students with social anxiety disorder.

The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Sixty female students from the second grade of secondary school in three educational districts of Kermanshah city in the academic year 1401-1402 were selected as the research sample based on accessibility and inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to four groups of 15 (three experimental and one control). The research instruments included the Social Anxiety Scale (Connor, 2000) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer, 1982). The data were analyzed using SPSS23 software and mixed analysis of variance.

The findings indicated that all three treatments led to an increase in self-efficacy beliefs of students with social anxiety disorder (p< 0.05), and no significant differences in effectiveness were observed among the three intervention groups of metacognitive therapy, solution-focused therapy, and endurance training (p> 0.05).

Given that metacognitive therapy, solution-focused therapy, and endurance training were effective in enhancing self-efficacy beliefs of individuals with social anxiety disorder, it is recommended to utilize these two approaches to reduce social anxiety symptoms and improve the quality of life and other problems in private counseling centers.

 Psychological damage caused by disability is associated with personal, social, and occupational challenges of disabled people, and these people face various negative consequences. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities.

 This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design. Participants were 30 people with physical and motor disabilities (15 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group) who were selected using a purposive sampling method and random allocation. The intervention group received ACT. The data collection tool was Garnevsky's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software.

 The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the mean post-test CERQ scores of the intervention group were significantly lower compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of the ACT in improving the cognitive emotion regulation.

 The ACT is effective in improving the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities. Further studies are recommended in other age, gender, and disease groups.

In recent research, defects in cognitive processes have been proposed as one of the cognitive causal hypotheses, and psychological interventions can help to improve this disorder. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focuses on increasing psychological flexibility, which is the ability to pay attention to experiences in the present without bias. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) also emphasizes how a person responds to his/her thoughts and how he/she communicates with them. Conducting comparative research on these two types of treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder has received less attention.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ACT and MCT in reducing insufficient executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive patients.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah City in 2022. 45 of these patients were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (a treatment group based on acceptance and commitment and a metacognitive treatment group) and a control group (15 people in each group). The measuring tool in this research was the Wisconsin card sorting test of Grant and Berg (1993). The treatment protocol based on acceptance and commitment (Bach & Moran, 2008) and metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2008) were implemented during eight 60-minute sessions for the first and second experimental groups, respectively, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and SPSS-23 software were used.

The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed the effectiveness of both treatment models in increasing the number of completed classes, increasing the number of correct answers, and reducing the residual error (p<0.05). Also, based on the results of Toky Post Hoc test, a significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups in the research variable, And the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has been significantly more effective in increasing the number of classes completed, increasing the number of correct answers and reducing the error remaining in participants compared to metacognitive therapy. (p<0.05).

The study findings suggest that both treatments were effective in improving the executive function of obsessive-compulsive patients. However, the effectiveness of ACT was significantly higher than MCT.

Customer orientation plays an important role in the success of organizations as one of the main strategies today. The existing models of customer orientation lack orientation in the psychological field, and this is not enough for companies and organizations whose life depends on the customer. The present study was conducted to investigate the structural equation model of the relationship between job stress, psychological well-being, and customer orientation with the mediating role of job satisfaction among the employees of Kermanshah Housing Bank.

according to the practical purpose, the present study is correlational in terms of the method of collecting descriptive information and the method of implementation. The statistical population was formed by the employees of Maskan Bank Kermanshah (N=420), and the sample size (n=201) was available by sampling. And it was determined using Cochran's formula in 1401. The data were collected through the standard psychological well-being questionnaires of Ryff (1989), Maslach's job burnout (1997), Smith and Hallin's job satisfaction (1969), Philip L. Rice's job strain (1992), Khalaj and Rahmani's job dissatisfaction (2021), job stress Jones et al (2010) and Donavan's customer orientation (2004) were collected and analyzed by structural equation modeling method.

The findings showed that job satisfaction positively affects customer orientation. The psychological well-being of the orbiting customer has a positive effect directly and through job satisfaction. Also, job stress hurts customer orientation directly and through job satisfaction.

The proposed model of banks and financial and service institutions in protecting their employees and creating mental health strategies within organizations provides guidance and a practical model for customer orientation.

Congestive heart failure is common in the world, and most patients with this disease have low quality of life. One of the factors affecting the quality of life ismental disorders. Therefore, teaching social problem-solving skills can play an effective role in improving the quality of life (QOL).

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of social problem-solving skills on QOL among congestive heart failure patients.

This study was conducted on 20 patients randomly assigned to control (n = 10) and experimental groups (n = 10). The groups consisted of patients with congestive heart failure (left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45%). The experimental group received 10 one-hour sessions on social problem-solving skills. The QOL questionnaire (SF-36) was completed before, immediately, and 3 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 23) and independent and paired t-tests, as well as an analysis of covariance.

There was a significant difference between the QOL scores in the experimental group compared to the pre-test (P = 0.006) and follow-up (P = 0.035) (pre-test = 51.4 ± 10.5, post-test = 59.8 ± 6.6, follow-up = 55.8 ± 7.1). However, there was no significant change in the QOL scores through different stages in the control group (P > 0.05) (pre-test = 51.2 ± 10.7, post-test = 52.3 ± 10.1, follow-up = 51.3 ± 8.9).

Teaching social problem-solving can be effective in improving the QOL in patients with congestive heart failure.

 Hard of hearing is a prevalent disability among children that presents challenges not only for the children themselves but also for their parents. The identification of a child’s hard of hearing often triggers a series of crises within the family, particularly for the mother.

 This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of integrating mindfulness and spiritual therapy in enhancing the psychological hardiness and distress tolerance among mothers of hard-of-hearing children.

 This quasi-experimental study included a pretest-posttest method and two follow-up stages with a control group. A sample 0f 60 mothers who had children with hard of hearing were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which received mindfulness integrated with spiritual therapy (n = 30), or the control group (n = 30). Two post-test stages were conducted in both experimental and control groups and psychological hardiness and distress tolerance were evaluated using the Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI) and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) data were analyzed using analysis of covariance with repeated measures.

 The mindfulness integrated with spiritual therapy had a significant effect on enhancing distress tolerance and the psychological hardiness of mothers of hard-of-hearing children There was a significant difference in the total scores of AHI and DTS between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-ups (P < 0.05).

 The present study supports the efficacy of integrating mindfulness and spiritual therapy for improving psychological hardiness and distress tolerance among mothers of hard-of-hearing children.

Couples always face very serious challenges as marital burnout and depression in their married lifein life. These problems can affect different aspects of their lives. The purpose of this study was to effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy on decrease of marital burnout and depression of couples.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population of this research was all the couples who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah city in 2021. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 30 couples were selected and then randomly divided into 1 experimental group (15 couples) and 1 control group (15 couples) were replaced and experimental group underwent emotion-focused couple therapy (10 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data marital burnout questionnaire of Pines (2003) and depression inventory (BDI-II) of Beck and et al (1996). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni).

The results of the study showed that of emotion-focused couple therapy in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on decrease of marital burnout and depression of couples (P<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that emotion-focused couple therapy can be used as a treatment method to on decrease of marital burnout and depression of couples in counseling centers and family psychological services

The purpose of this study was to comparing effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy and cognitive behavioral couple therapy on decrease of marital burnout and depression of couples. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population of this research was all the couples who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah city in 1400. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 45 couples (90 people) were selected and then randomly divided into 2 groups (each group 15 couples to 60 people) and one contorl group (15 couples to 30 people) were replaced and experimental group underwent emotion-focused couple therapy (10 sessions 90 minutes) and group cognitive behavioral couple therapy (10 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data marital burnout questionnaire of Pines (2003) and depression inventory (BDI-II) of Beck and et al (1996). Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software was used for data analysis The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect on on decrease of marital burnout and depression of couples (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that emotion-focused couple therapy is more effective in decrease of marital burnout and depression (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study,

The study aimed to design and investigate the effectiveness of family-centered problem-solving interventions on communication interactions in slow-paced students with Down syndrome. This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest-follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included 67 slow-paced female and male students with Down syndrome in Kermanshah. Thirty slow-paced students with Down syndrome (15 girls and 15 boys) in the academic year 2021-2022 were selected using the purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n=15) and controls (n=15). The experimental group participated in fifteen one-hour sessions of the “I Can Problem Solve” (ICPS) workshops, while the control group did not receive any training. The Matson Social Skills Scale (MESSY) (1983) was used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 with repeated measures. The experimental group’s results showed a significant difference between pre-test-post-test scores in social skills, antisocial behavior, aggression, impulsive behavior, and peer relationship (P=0/001). There was no significant difference between post-test-follow-up scores, indicating the stability of the effect. Despite increasing the mean score, there was no significant difference in the high self-confidence and superiority components. Due to the impact of the family-centered problem-solving intervention, this educational program at home and school is of great importance for parents, educators, and students with Down syndrome

Hearing loss is one of the most common and complex sensory damages that, in addition to causing problems for the child, also creates challenges for the parents, especially the mother. Cognitive abilities are among the components that can help mothers of deaf children to deal with the crisis. Few studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of integrated treatments on the components of cognitive abilities of mothers with deaf children.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of integrated training of mindfulness and spiritual therapy on the components of cognitive abilities of mothers of hearing impaired children.

The research method was semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and follow-up with the control group. The research population included all parents of mothers mothers with deaf children in Kermanshah province (340 people) in 1399-1400, using the available targeted sampling method, 60 people were selected as a sample and randomly divided into two experimental groups. 30 people) and witnesses (30 people) were appointed. In order to collect data, Nejati Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (2013) was used in this research. Data analysis was also done using analysis of variance with repeated measurements and using SPSS25 software.

Data analysis showed that the integrated training of mindfulness and spiritual therapy was effective on the components of cognitive abilities of mothers with hearing impaired children. (P<0.05).

According to the findings, it is concluded that the training of the integration of mindfulness and spiritual therapy can help mothers with deaf children, so that while strengthening all their cognitive components, they face everyday life situations more easily and from themselves. and take care of the hearing impaired child against the challenges and stresses of life.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of domain-specific and domain-general precursors of mathematical training on preschoolers' number sense and estimation. This study adopted a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest-follow-up design. The statistical population comprised all preschoolers in Kermanshah (Iran) in 2020. Using multi-stage cluster random sampling, a sample of 45 was selected and allocated to three groups (15 per group). The data were collected using the short form of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), the Number Sense Screener, and the PLUS test (number estimation). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean (SD) of IQ was 95.91 (4.21) in the working memory group and 97.78 (3.38) and 96.66 (4.03), respectively, in the number estimation and control groups. In the linear combination of number estimation variables in terms of group membership, the group x time interaction was significant on the pretest, posttest, and follow-up (p<0.01). The difference in the mean scores of the working memory, number estimation, and control groups was also significant on the variable of number sense (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two training methods on the posttest and follow-up, and both interventions exerted the same effect on improving number sense and estimation.

The tendency to Substance abuse is considered one of the most important causes of personal, social and occupational trauma is in health psychology, which is constantly receiving the attention of researchers. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing structural model of tendency to substance abuse with assessing the direct and indirect effects of individual, occupational and social factors in satellite personnel of West Iran Oil And Gas Exploitation Company. The method of the current research was correlation and the statistical population of this research included satellite personnel of the West Country Oil And Gas Exploitation Company. The statistical sample was selected through random stratified sampling of 384 people and completed individual, occupational, social and substance abuse questionnaires.The results showed that personal, occupational and social patterns are directly related to substance abuse. Also, other results of this research showed that social patterns play a mediating role between individual and occupational patterns with a tendency to substance abuse. So, it seems that individual, social and occupational patterns are a set of basic abilities that explain the tendency to abuse drugs in different social environments, including satellite work, with their direct or indirect effects.

Marital forgiveness is one of the factors related to intimacy, commitment and reduction of marital conflicts and in general is one of the most important effective factors in marital satisfaction; the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the protocol extracted from the causal model of marital forgiveness on marital intimacy, marital commitment and marital conflicts.

The present research is experimental of pre-test and post-test type with a control group, which 40 people were selected by the available sampling method, based on the research entry criteria, from among all the women who referred to the counseling centers of Hamedan city in 1400. who were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (20 people in each group) and the experimental group received the designed forgiveness intervention extracted from the causal model in a group manner in 8 sessions of 120 minutes. Collected data through Asoudeh and Timuri's Perceived Intimacy Questionnaires (1387), Sanai Zakir and Barati's Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2008), Adams and Jones's Marital Commitment (1997), the research units before and after the intervention using SPSS22 statistical software was analyzed.

The findings showed that the protocol derived from the causal model of forgiveness was effective on increasing women's commitment and intimacy in life by (0.18, 0.16) and reducing marital conflicts (0.56).

According to the obtained results, it can be said that the forgiveness protocol group training approach has been effective in reducing marital conflicts and increasing the commitment and intimacy of women in life.

This study was developed with the aim of providing a family-oriented problem solving training program for parents of children with Down syndrome. It seems that structural modification of parenting practices is very important to improve the quality of life of all family members. It seems necessary to modify the functional structure of families with children with special needs, including children with Down syndrome, due to their different psycho-social characteristics. Based on this, empowering parents through new cognitive-behavioral approaches such as family-oriented problem solving programs is considered one of the important priorities of developed societies.

In this organized research, first the nature and importance of this issue was investigated, then how to prepare a family-oriented problem solving educational program for parents of children with Down syndrome, which is an innovative combination of "I can solve my problem" and "Education of a thinking child/teenager" program was presented.

A review of the available empirical evidence shows that the application of the family-oriented problem solving program has a positive effect on the behavioral change of children and adolescents with special needs and their parents.

Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the well-being of the family through the formulation of efficient localized programs based on the Iranian-Islamic model. The application of the family-oriented problem-solving training program by the parents of children with Down syndrome has greatly increased their motivation to learn practical interpersonal skills, and parents can provide psychological and social well-being conditions for themselves and their children by adopting a problem-solving coping style.

The purpose of this study is to develop a scientific-operational model of "premarital counseling" using Islamic teachings about marriage, marriage theories and family psychology and indigenous-cultural considerations. The research design is applied in terms of purpose and "contextual theory", "thematic analysis" and "experts' lived experience" in terms of implementation method. In this research, first, religious texts (verses of the Holy Quran and the narrations of the Infallibles) on the importance of marriage, criteria for choosing a spouse, the rights and duties of couples, and the communication ethics of couples have been studied. Then, psychological theories related to marriage and counseling methods used by internal experts are examined. After applying the concepts and extracting the categories of successful marriage, the concept of "awareness and acceptance" is the main component in choosing a spouse and the four dimensions are "health", "similarity", "proportionality" and "skill". Necessary subsets for choosing a spouse Based on this, the executive model of premarital counseling was developed.