mohammadmahdi zolfagharzadeh

 This research aims to investigate the relationship between the effectiveness of e-learning and self-regulated learning, taking into account the moderating role of personality traits. The research in the applied research group is a survey and a quantitative research. The main tool for collecting information in this research is 3 standard questionnaires, and the statistical population of this research includes Tehran University students. The sample size in this research is equal to 351 people using the Spss Sample power sampling software and the sampling method is available sampling. The tool for analyzing questionnaire data of this research is SPSS and AMOS statistical software. In order to determine the presence or absence of influence and relationship between variables and to estimate and generalize the results obtained from the sample size to the statistical population, Pearson's correlation coefficient test, structural correlation model, multiple regression model and moderator model were used to evaluate the research hypotheses. According to the findings of this research, there has been a positive and significant relationship between the factors affecting the effectiveness of e-learning and self-regulation learning. 41% of the reason for self-regulation learning is related to the dimensions of factors affecting the effectiveness of e-learning. So, the dimensions of the factors affecting the effectiveness of e-learning have an effect on self-regulation learning, and self-regulation learning can be predicted based on the factors affecting the effectiveness of e-learning in the statistical population. The variable of personality traits has also played a moderating role for the factors affecting the effectiveness of e-learning on self-regulation learning.

Technological advancements in the modern era have revealed the inefficiencies of traditional governance models and highlighted the need for emerging technologies to enhance governance structures. Contemporary societies are seeking greater efficiency, transparency, and public trust, compelling governments to adopt innovative technological tools. Blockchain technology, with its inherent characteristics of immutability, transparency, and data security, has significant potential to contribute to urban governance. In recent years, blockchain has been utilized worldwide for managing citizen data. This study aims to identify and prioritize the drivers and barriers to blockchain adoption for smart governance in Tehran. Following an initial list derived from a review of relevant literature and its validation by experts, the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) framework was employed to prioritize these factors based on expert opinions, focusing on the most critical drivers and barriers. Additionally, a focus group of urban management experts was convened to finalize the study findings and propose actionable recommendations. The results indicate that the primary barriers include political, technical, economic, cultural, and legal limitations. Key challenges involve the absence of clear regulations, insufficient technical infrastructure, and high initial costs. From a cultural perspective, resistance to adopting new technologies and legal ambiguities are notable obstacles. Conversely, the drivers of blockchain adoption include enhanced transparency, cost reduction, strengthened public trust, reduced corruption, and improved inter-organizational communication. The study’s recommendations include drafting clear regulations, investing in technological infrastructure, providing financial incentives, and organizing training programs. These measures can help address the barriers and leverage the drivers to achieve smart governance in Tehran.

One of the ways to solve the current energy challenges is to modify the consumption pattern and guide the consumer's behavior, and for effective governance in this field, we need a deep understanding of the citizens' behaviors and the factors affecting them. This research was done with the aim of knowing the factors affecting the culture of electricity consumption (education, income, values and material culture).

The method of the current research is quantitative and the strategy used is survey, and the questionnaire technique was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study was the electricity subscribers of Golestan province, which according to the population ratio of the cities, 427 electricity subscribers were questioned by random sampling. Data analysis was done with SPSS software. Validity has been confirmed by reviewing the research literature and consulting with experts in the field of energy, and Cronbach's alpha above 0.7 of the electricity consumption behavior variables indicates the reliability of this variable.

The results show that among the independent variables, the average of material culture is 52.04 and the average behavior of electricity consumption is 51.5. Among the values, the highest score is related to religious value (4.18) and then national value (3.16). Inferential statistics show the confirmation of research hypotheses, that is, electricity consumption behavior is different among groups with different education and income levels, and educated people and households with lower income have better electricity consumption behavior. Also, there is a significant relationship between values and material culture with behavior, so that in different sectors of energy consumption, people have behaved according to their cultural and material conditions.

The findings of this research show that for behavioral governance, it is necessary to distinguish different types of consumption cultures, because the motivation and concerns of subscribers are different based on the socio-economic status and norms and values. Although price solutions are temporary solutions, paying attention to cultural and social differences in the long term helps to improve the pattern of electricity consumption.

Elites, as one of the most effective social groups, have a significant role in advancing social and national goals and achieving country's progress in various fields.

Design/ methodology/ approach:

 The research method is based on library studies, specialized into interviews with experts and content analysis. In order to evaluate national policies in this field, the CIPP method has been used, which examines the policy system of top talents and elites in the dimensions of context, input, process and output.

 Based on the Themes analysis of the expert interviews, solutions have been explained in cultural and discourse axes, policy axis, structural reforms and executive mechanisms. Among the most important solutions are "the need for macro-architecture and the integration of the governance ecosystem, including education, higher education, administrative system, etc." The need to create a human resources architecture in the administrative system "," providing financial resources and support and employer mechanisms in raising elites”, etc. can be mentioned.

Limitations & Consequences:

 Among the most important limitations of the research, we can mention the limited internal background and financial limitations in this field. The main consequence of this research is the policy-making bodies in the field of talent development and elites, which helps to understand the big issue and make appropriate decisions in talent development.

Practical Consequences: 

This research is useful in Talent Policy Making in National Level.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The main initiative of the article is to focus on national policies in the field of talent development and explanation and formulation of the problem on a large and national scale.

One of the concepts that has been developed in recent years in the field of public administration and governance is the concept of "smartening " and "smart governance" and based on this , approaches have been designed to smarten the public policy making process. smartening can be planned in various fields of public administration and policy making system , and one of the most important areas that seems to be important in the field of governance is the development planning system in the country , which is considered as a high level of national policy making.  Based on this, the aim of the current research is to identify the challenges and solutions to smarten the public policy process in Iran with an emphasis on the development planning system.  The research method is based on documentary and meta-synthesis studies , and in the findings section , after the pathology of the country's situation , smartening solutions are discussed at three levels of designing development plans, implementing development plans , and evaluating of development plans.

The social phenomenon of public sports is influenced by various factors and constant uncertainties, but foresight will provide a reliable and optimal road map for it. The purpose of this research was to formulate the desired future scenarios for public sports in Iran.

The current study, with its exploratory purpose, followed a mixed-methods approach. The participants were purposefully selected and included 20, 10, 8, and 8 people according to the stages of the research. A semi-structured interview, questionnaire, and matrix were used to collect data. For data analysis, first, the effective factors were extracted by the hidden content analysis method and confirmed by experts using the Delphi method, and then, the strategic factors were identified with the participation of the strategic council and the mutual effects analysis. Finally, the research scenarios were extracted through the balanced mutual influence analysis method.

 The results indicate the formulation of three scenarios for realizing the desired future. The first scenario includes the components of financial resource allocation, comprehensive participation of the stratum of society, unified and integrated management, and the media's attention to Iran's public sports. The second scenario includes the components of financial resource allocation; the social status of the family; and specialization, highlighting, and modeling of athletes. The third or the final scenario includes the components of financial resource allocation, comprehensive participation of the stratum of society, specialization, and the media's attention to Iran's public sports.

Scenarios provide the possibility for the policymakers and high managers of Iran’s sports to implement and establish a relationship between the priority strategies for the constituent components of the scenario, by institutionalizing public sports, to implement its rich functions in the society and ultimately, lead to the construction of the desirable future and national success.

Users make many choices every day in the process of using social networks, each of which represents a part of their opinions and interests. In this research we looking for this question, are the telegram users have most interest to which type of posts from content analysis method and what is the content of this posts? The research method is conventional qualitative content analysis with inductive logic. Data collection is done from DCS method by an innovation software That can be an innovative event in social science study and research specially social networks studies. Purposeful sampling was done among 18 channels of Isfahan-based shared posts based on defined criteria and finally coding was done on 135 posts. According to the results of the research, five main categories are visible in posts liked by Isfahan users, namely "tendency for criticismtendency to know" and "Isfahan's Identity" is described below with examples of each of the categories and sub-categories.

Energy policy-making is considered the most important areas affecting the country's development. It plays an important role in strengthening national incomes and improving the country's governance system. In this study, we will seek to identify the future scenarios of provincial gas companies in Iran by focusing on the case of Tehran Gas Company. The research method is based on scenario writing using global business network methodology, which relies on identifying institutional actors, drivers, uncertainties and drawing future scenarios. After scanning the environment, in order to monitor the propulsions and uncertainties, reliable sources and reports of research and strategic institutes in the field of energy and gas were utilized. Moreover, relying on the company managers and experts’ participation in future workshops and also employing MicMac software, two key uncertainties of “energy governance arrangements in Iran” and “international interaction condition” were identified, and based on these uncertainties, four scenarios of Homay Saadat, Siah Zaghparan, Ghoghnoos Tanha, and Simorgh Darmangar were designed. Finally, in accordance with the scenarios, some strategies for the future of the provincial gas companies of Iran have been proposed based on the case of Tehran Gas Company.

The policy network can be considered as a set of governmental and non-governmental actors in the development of public policies that have institutional relations with each other and show the relationships between actors, the dependencies and the flow of resources between them. Policy network analysis can show patterns of relationships, roles, resources, relationships, and power distribution in policy formulation and implementation. Policy networks also have different functions, and they can improve the governance in policy-making. Accordingly, this paper seeks to analyze the policy network of actors the implementation of the Law on Supporting Knowledge-Based Companies and to provide important factors at the level of network structure and network function in order to provide implications for improving network performance. For this purpose, it uses social network analysis and fuzzy cognitive mapping and targets customs, tax and financing incentives. The findings show that coordination function is the most important component in all three policy networks. After that, in financing and customs networks, the structure of the information exchange network and in the tax network, the creation of common goals, norms and values has been the most important component. The least important thing in all three networks was the legitimacy function.

Social marketing is regarded as an applicable concepts in the field of philanthropy and non-profit organizations that uses mixed marketing principles to influence the audience’s behavior. It can also lead to the acceptance of a social idea. The ultimate goal of social marketing is to change society and achieve the public good in a long-term approach. In addition to charitable foundations and the development of their activities, increasing public participation in charitable affairs is also considered an under-developed area of social marketing. Therefore, it should be explained based on an empirical approach given the growing number and variety of charities. Today, there is a need for charitable organizations to implement marketing concepts to attract clients for more help. It is also necessary to increase public participation in charitable work. The main purpose of this research is to examine the application of social marketing in the development of charitable activities.

This cross-sectional research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. Library and field methods have been used to collect data. Given that this research focuses on social marketing and charity, a systematic literature review was used to study the past literature. Moreover, the content analysis method was implemented to extract and propose related dimensions and components. In order to prioritize the components, the significance-performance matrix was used, where a questionnaire was employed to collect the experts’ opinions. Then, effective measures for implementation of a social marketing program and attracting public participation were determined as a result of a workshop with the management board of an active charity.

The extracted dimensions and components of social marketing in the field of charity include: goal setting (behavioral goals and cognitive goals), situational analysis (analysis of social marketing program environment, subjective norms to charity, social norms to charity), segmentation (demography dimensions, psychological dimensions, benefits for the target audience), social marketing mix (behavioral suggestion, participation cost, accessibility, social communication, people and participation, program funding), as well as program monitoring and evaluation of its impact (output evaluation, impact assessment). These components can lead to persuasion and persistence in good deeds and generosity behavior (increasing the donation of individual resources to charity, reducing/preventing the donation of individual resources other than charity, influencing macro-policy).

We could identify the following four measures that are proved effective in developing the activities of charitable foundations: holding events, the use of social networks, personal communication and word of mouth advertisement, as well as the use of reference groups and influential people.

Entering the field of governance training has been seriously considered in recent years.In this study, based on the macro theories of the organization, we will seek to examine the mechanisms of governance schools from the perspective of the role of these centers in empowering governance. And by examining the world's leading government colleges, about 40 government schools were identified and 14 cases have been specifically analyzed. based on the four paradigms of functionalist, structuralist, interpretive and humanistic empowerment, the approaches of the selected governing schools are reviewed and policy recommendations regarding the governing requirements of t Iran are presented.

Adherence to medications is crucial for them to be effective. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is an ancient medical discipline originated from old Persia and is currently used along with modern medicine in Iran. Evaluating the factors affecting adherence to TPM can have far-reaching implications for policymakers to make informed decisions.

This qualitative study investigates the factors affecting tendency and adherence to TPM among Iranians.

We collected data from stakeholders in TPM using a focus group involving 13 participants and by conducting four in-depth interviews. The saturation point was reached at the 4th interview. We recorded all the interviews and then transcribed them verbatim for thematic content analysis.

We obtained 297 codes and 29 sub-themes for the factors affecting adherence to TPM, including the factors affecting compliance and tendency. Then we extracted the main themes. People’s beliefs, the inherent characteristics of traditional medicine and its status quo, attempts to bring about positive changes to TPM, and the problems facing the modern health system were the main factors affecting adherence to TPM.

Despite many strenuous efforts in Iran to study TPM along with the lines of evidence-based medicine, policymaking, financing, patients’ and healthcare providers’ education, popular beliefs, and administrative transparency are needed to be addressed more adequately to promote adherence to TPM and help build integrative medicine in Iran’s healthcare system.

As the prominent pioneers of social change, elites of every society have an essential role in achieving goals and realizing national policies. By creating supportive capacities and formulating appropriate policies to manage talents, the governance system's future can be made more efficient to achieve public interest. This study's fundamental purpose is to identify strategic approaches in elite field planning, and the central question in this research can be posed as "What are the strategic approaches to determine the key issues in the elite field planning to streamline the governance system?" In this research, to identify the approaches, first documentary studies have been adopted, and in the strategic analysis, Bryson's strategic planning model has been employed. Four strategies for elite policymaking have been proposed: Internal- Agent-Based, External- Agent-Based, Internal- Structure-Based, External- Structure-Based. In the final part, the AHP decision-making model is used to prioritize the proposed approaches, and Internal- Agent-Based and Internal- Structure-Based have been identified as having the highest priority in elite policymaking.

The new insights that the scenarios of guiding the public opinion of the Iranian society on the horizon of 1410 create for the decision-making managers in the fields of social security, media and cultural policy-making strengthen strategic thinking and prevent surprises in the face of future phenomena. The main issue of this research is to explain the complex dimensions and conditions of managing and guiding public opinion in Iranian society with a forward-looking approach. The nature of the present research is qualitative and its main goal is to gain new insights into the management and guidance of Iranian public opinion to achieve the right approach to this important social phenomenon. In this way, Using the methodological capabilities of the science of future studies and the knowledge and experience of experts in this field, the most important actors in the field have been identified and introduced. Furthermore; discovering the effective factors on guiding the public opinion of the Iranian society in a ten-year horizon, key drivers and the main uncertainties in this field are among the valuable achievements of the research. In this study, in addition to identifying and analyzing the five scenarios of "life in hell", "emotional divorce", "fire under the ashes", "patriarchy" and "life becomes sweet", four important Wild Cards in guiding public opinion in Iranian society in Horizon 1410 was determined, than If any of these happen, the conditions of society will change completely and the scenarios will need to be rewritten.

Capability is one of the core concepts in strategy literature. Moreover, it is widely used to explain why latecomer firms can’t succeed in design and development of complex systems. There has been many efforts and significant progress in regard of capability but it is conceptualization and usage in empirical researches are problematic yet. In this paper a framework for operationalization of capability concept has been developed. Using the proposed framework, the process of formation and evolution of design capability in a latecomer system integrator has been investigated through a case study. For this purpose, acquisition and improvement of knowledge, tools and skills as micro-foundations of design capability and their integration has been under focus. In addition to show usability of our proposed framework, this case study provides a better understanding of how a firm's context and motivation affects on formation and evolution of its capabilities. Results of this research, are also a good guide for managers in regard of their plans for acquisition and improvement of required micro-foundations and the way they are integrated as a capability.

Nowadays, public libraries are going through a critical period and turning point, a time when from one hand and based on the environmental trends affecting them, can be a sign of their future elimination, or on the other hand if they enjoy an accurate picture of the future and adopt appropriate strategies, can provide them with a renewed vital opportunity. This issue is related to the necessity of addressing the future of public libraries with an alternative approach which is usually pursued in futures studies.

In the present study, by focusing on the scenario planning method and the Global Business Network approach to it, the effective environmental trends in the future of public libraries have been identified, and then, by using the method of futures workshops with a participatory action research approach and as well as the views of a selected group of librarians, administrators and active members of libraries, possible future scenarios of Iran public libraries have been mapped. Due to the existing restrictions, these workshops were held in the provinces of Tehran, Mazandaran and Fars (two workshops) based on the degree of libraries, and a workshop was also held for the managers and staff.

In each workshop, five groups designed totally 25 categories of fourfold-scenario based on the choice of two key uncertainties. The research team reached four scenarios through integrating and refining the groupschr('39') mentalities, based on the crossing between two high-frequency uncertainties: 1) manner of centralized or decentralized governance 2) the central role of book or chr('39')User experiencechr('39'). chr('39')Info feedchr('39'), chr('39')Book poolchr('39'), chr('39')Info diggingchr('39') and chr('39')Book mallchr('39') are the titles of these four scenarios. The first uncertainty concerns the focus or lack of focus on decision-making, policy-making, planning and implementation in Iranchr('39')s public libraries, which also affects their financial, budgetary and economic dimensions, such as their expenditure and income patterns. The question which the second uncertainty begs is whether libraries will remain in their current state, which is based solely on books, or whether they will move towards creating a new customer experience? The first integrated scenario, entitled chr('39')Info feedchr('39'), describes empirical libraries in the realm of state governance. The second integrated scenario, called chr('39')Book poolchr('39'), and depicts a book-oriented library in a state-governed environment. The third integrated scenario, called chr('39')Info diggingchr('39') and describes a privately owned empirical library. The fourth integrated scenario, called chr('39')Book mallchr('39'), depicts a book-based library which operates in a space dominated by the private sector.

Those studies thus far conducted in the field of the future of public libraries, especially in Iran, which have used the scenario approach, have not yet applied the workshop approach and participatory action research, which were used in this research.

The present study has done to formulate a desired long-term future vision for Iranchr('39')s gas refining industry from the perspective of sustainable development. The research approach is mixed (qualitative-qua ntitative) and the research strategy is affective content analysis as a research method. The data gathered through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with 24 senior and middle managers of the gas refining industry and academic experts in the field of sustainable development who had selected by purposeful sampling. After identifying key aspects of the sustainable development of Iranchr('39')s gas refining industry, the criteria derived from this process are used to formulate the vision and by analyzing the content of the data obtained from the interviews, the desired long-term future vision for Iranchr('39')s gas refining industry has been formulated from the perspective of sustainable development for the 1430. In the desired long-term future vision, the Iranian gas refining industry, while focusing on gas production as a core business, with expanding downstream industries, extracting all derivatives from gas, countervailing and compensatory measures in the area of climate change, strengthening and partnership with the Local communities, by providing an appropriate framework for transparency and reporting  the information to the community and taking appropriate measures to maintain environmental equilibrium, it works in a level beyond the production of gas by creating sustainable value for the community from the wealth of natural resources.

The background of policymaking and decision making in systems is interwoven with the history science of management. Early approaches and theories in this field of study are mainly based on engineering and quantitative approaches, and are occupied by methods developed in the discourse of "scientific management". Yet, recent approaches in this field are taken from emerging subdivisions of management discipline containing futurology and science and technology policymaking qualitative, contain descriptive and explanatory aspects. This research is intended to have a review study of the approach of the innovation system, its discourse (and perhaps its paradigm), its elements and components, and to briefly introduce the theories developed within it, and to focus on the conceptual or policymaking dimensions, and decision-making process in this type of system. As a new approach, the innovation system contains a background of less than three decades in the history of science and technology. Hence, this study tries to investigate theoretical deficiencies in both the conceptual, scientific and technological policymaking processes, and to highlight its weaknesses. This review shows that the approach involves serious weaknesses in some of its components such as institution, disregarding strategic policies and lack of appropriate system tools. Moreover, the innovation system approach does not offer novel causal and analytical (rather than descriptive) theories for the policymaking process of science and technology.

The purpose of this research was to formulate the novel policies, strategies and scenarios based on the preferred foresight of national elite sport development. The methodology was foresight focused on analysis method of cross impact and scenario writing. We used expert panel sampling which was purposive selection and sample size included 16 experts. Also, MICMAC as a strategic foresight software program has been utilized to analyze the cross impacts.  The influential driving forces were extracted from the research background and expert panel. The influence and dependence were identified. Finally, three key driving forces including the stability of tenure of managerial personnel and meritocracy, the national strategy to host mega-events and the government’s attention to women sport were introduced, the scenarios were formulated and the probable futures were described.  The founding can open a different vision before managers’ eyes in elite sport. The stability of the tenure of management creates the enough opportunities to conduct plans; the meritocracy in terms of human resources employment makes the executive levers for managers; to host the event leads to develop infrastructure and gain the authorities’ attention to sport; finally, the women’s sport potential must be considered due to the global prominence of women’s sport growth.

The increasing impact of cyberspace and social networks in different areas necessitates the need for more and more accurate attention by the scientific institutions. Focus on ‘the impact of social networks on a specific cultural context’ is one area of ​study. Isfahan, as one of the civilizational areas with a long history in the cultural and social fields, is one of the cultural contexts that has a special role in the social and cultural changes for our country. Nearly two decades after the advent of the Internet and mobile phones in Iran, it may be a good opportunity to examine the works produced by academics and researchers in the context of scientific articles in this field. Certainly, one of the appropriate methods for this purpose is the systematic review method in which the statistical population is the existing research in the field under study. In this article, we seek to answer the following questions: What are the strengths and weaknesses of scientific articles written on the subject of social networks and cyberspace in Isfahan's field problematically, theoretically, and methodologically? And, on the other hand, what is the position of Isfahan`s cultural context in this research area? Finally, on the way forward, what are some suggestions for better policy making in this field of study?

The method used in this research is systematic review. The systematic review of the texts is a scientific method to systematically identify some research results and to synthesize them in a standardized and systematic way to answer a related question. A systematic review of the texts has four essential steps: 1) deciding on the type of texts to review, 2) studying and understanding what the authors have brought to their work, 3) evaluating the ideas, research methods and results of each texts, and 4) summarizing the content of the texts or documents or evidence reviewed. The population of this study is scientific articles indexed in internal scientific databases. This research has carried out on 30 scientific articles on the subject of cyberspace whose field of study was Isfahan. The articles have been evaluated by an inverse questionnaire and its results are presented in descriptive and analytical formats.

 Based on the results of the research, it seems that the most important factor in selecting the research field was its availability. Most studies are in the field of sociology and political science. The year of publication of articles indicates an increasing trend in the publication of articles on the subject of cyberspace. In most of the papers, the researchers have not pay attention to the context and field of study, since 86% of the articles were survey, but few with qualitative and mix methods. Statistical population in most of the articles were students. Almost one-third of the papers had a clear theoretical framework, among which a few had used media and communication theories in their theoretical model. In summing up the articles, very few articles have focused on providing a strategy based on research results in our systematic review. After reviewing the descriptive dimensions of the articles, the following critiques have presented: cognitive (lack of attention to study context), methodological (lack of methodological diversity, overcoming positivist approach, disregard for interpretive and critical approaches, and generalization). The uncertainty of these studies (theoretical underpinnings, lack of theories related to the subject of research) has also been expressed. Then, appropriate suggestions have been made in three levels of approach (changing attitudes towards 'cultural and social context', 'social networks' in Humanities research), methodology (making more use of qualitative and synthetic methods, as well as using diverse statistical population) and appropriate structure for future research policy and planning.

Considering the importance of elites in achieving the goals and the National Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and in order to create a dynamic environment for activating and influencing the elites in the country's developments, a “national strategic document on elite affairs” has been compiled. However, policy-making for elites is a new and growing area in Iran. Therefore, various assessments regarding how to formulate these policies are needed for succeed. On the other hand, mapping the actors’ mindset involved in compiling the country's strategic document in the affairs of the elites can identify the various attitudes of the policy-makers in this regard. As well, it helps to compare and evaluate each of these attitudes. For this purpose, in this research, the mindsets of stakeholders in the process of document preparation and experts in this field in the two areas of elite-selection elite-training have been explored, and the facilitating and implementation strategies have been studied. To perform this research and achieve the intended goals, the "Q" methodology has been used. In this research, six types of mindset related to the elite-selection entitled "entrepreneur-centered idealists", "passive and slogan-oriented idealists", "critical idealists", "incremental-transformational idealists", "repulsive-systematic transformational realist", and "realistic collectivists". Moreover, three types of mindset related to the elite-training were extracted under the titles of "specialized greenhouse training", "general garden training", and "support-oriented integrated training". Finally, using several matrixes, a comparison was made between the identified groups. In these matrices, the areas of differentiation were identified and the status of each type of mindsets comparing to those areas were examined.

The creative city is the product of the third millennium and its developments. Utilizing the components and characteristics of this theory contributes to the economic, social, cultural and environmental prosperity of cities.. Accordingly, the present research purpose is creative city explanation based on its dimensions, components and indicators in order to understand many aspects. The present study was conducted using the literature systematic review, which includes the stages of definition, search, selection, analysis and synthesis. The resource search process was conducted in August 2017 for 31 days. The initial search has led to 114 cases identification; based on the research topic, 71 items were fully evaluated. Finally, resource 22 was selected for final analysis. Data has been selected between 2016-2000 time intervals. The literature systematic review findings show that the most relevant cases relate to 2012-2007, including 11 of the research databases (57%). In other words, the percentage of selected studies for 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2007 are 17%, 13%, 9%, 9% and 9%, respectively. 68% of the data is quantitative and 32% qualitative. The creative city has a dimensions seven including spatial, social, economic, cultural, human, structural and institutional, components 28 and indicators 141

The pilgrimage of Arbaeen, the 40th day of the martyrdom of ImamHussein (peace be upon him), which is exclusively reserved for and highlyrecommended by him, has continually been organized from Ashura in 61AH onward. In recent years, the pilgrimage of Arbaeen has become thelargest human congregation and a unique phenomenon in the world, so thatsome scholars consider it a miracle of the time. Those engaged in Arbaeenare highly diverse and demonstrate new behaviors and common normsduring this celebration.This article gives an account of the behavior of the hosting Iraqi peopleand servitors during Arbaeen from the point of view of those at place.The research is qualitative and of an anthropological type. The data wascollected through collaborative observation and both individual and groupinterviews conducted and classified by the researcher who has participatedin the event on numerous occasions.Research findings include three themes or categories of tradition,blessing and kindness, In other words, the pilgrims, the behavior of theIraqi people and their relentless service all along the path are ascribed totradition (the traditional roots of the people including their custom ofhospitality), blessing (the request for sustenance of blessings from Imams,in particular Imam Hussein) and ultimately an expression of disinterestedlove (devoting oneself to Imam (as) without any expectation ofreciprocation).

The governance of the STI policy covers a wide range of practices and activities related to complex interactions among different actors in order to converge the conflicting interests in the policy process. Since the concept of innovation is horizontal, inter organizational, and inclusive, and also is known as a result of complex interactions and the evolution of actors, their institutions and their relations, and because of the extension of its scope from science and technology to other policy areas such as education, health, Agriculture and industry, the study of governance in STI policy seems essential. In this article, Iranian innovation policy making governance during 1990 – 2017 is studied by historical data mapping method. Generally, four main stages for STI policy making can be defined: First stage includes attention to horizontal coordination and higher education quantitative development according to human resource based approach to scientific progress. In the second stage, focusing on policy coherence in science,technology, innovation and institutionalization for them. The third stage includes focusing on integrated planning and monitoring & innovation horizontal policies. Finally, in the fourth stage, understanding the importance of policy intelligence & learning and focusing on deployment of technology in different parts of Iran economy. Totally, during these four stages, network governance impact on STI policies from higher education to other parts of Iran economy is significantly emphasized. However, there are some challenges in this category such as overlap between different institutions and policies, inadequate policy intelligence and policy learning and non-optimal evolution of governance.