morteza maleki

Energy consumption has rapidly increased over the past few decades. After the energy crisis of the 1970s and the subsequent rise in crude oil and energy prices, the focus on energy conservation has expanded. All buildings, including office buildings, contribute significantly to a substantial portion of global energy consumption, making energy performance a fundamental criterion in early-stage decision-making. Heat transfer and energy loss through openings and windows are critical concerns in all climates, particularly in cold climates, where they represent some of the weakest points of the building envelope in terms of thermal loss. Since appropriately designed openings are an effective strategy for maintaining energy inside the building, this study (a brief report) explores various window configurations that can reduce energy loss in buildings. This research examines different types of openings based on their geometry, the number of glazing layers (such as single, double, and triple glazing), the type of glass used (including reflective, energy-controlling, and smart glasses), different window frame profiles, and the insulating gases used between panes. The study aims to optimize window designs based on the number of glazing layers and their orientation in an office building located in a cold climate. In conclusion, the most efficient window type for cold climates is identified, considering the significance of solar radiation in such regions.

The climatic adaptability of an ancient building’s architecture can be studied by utilizing various scientific disciplines such as archaeology, architecture, geography, applied climatology, and paleoclimatology. By conducting studies on the religious complex of Nush-i Jan in the Malayer Plain, which dates to the Median Period, we can expand our understanding of the architectural practices during that era. This current research aims to address three main questions: 1) What were the physical components of Nush-i Jan complex that allowed it to adapt to the climatic conditions? 2) How effective were these components in addressing the aforementioned issue? And 3) What were the non-physical heating or cooling arrangements implemented in the complex? Through library and field methods, the essential data has been collected. The analysis was conducted using four software applications - AutoCAD, Climate Consultant, Ecotect, and DesignBuilder - in the energy and architecture domains. The information has been processed using a descriptive-analytical approach. The architectural components of the complex, such as its orientation towards the south with an east-west extension, high building density and height, narrow passages and courtyards, mud-brick walls, wooden beam roofs, entrance doors for most of the spaces, side windows in the eastern and southern walls, ventilators, counters at the entrances of most of the buildings, and two fire-places in the guard room of the fort, play crucial roles in utilizing solar heat and minimizing the impact of cold winds. These elements ensure that the residents’ heating needs are met from May to September and partially during other months, while also addressing cooling requirements on hot days. However, additional heating sources were necessary during most hours from October to May (3153 hours in total); in other words, heating production was needed. It is possible that non-physical heating methods, like the tramrails used in the Assyrian imperial palaces, were employed by the inhabitants. Finally, the complex’s climatic adaptability to the Malayer Plain, along with appropriate heating and cooling strategies, have guaranteed the residents’ thermal comfort.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality education based on Islamic teachings on the attitude and practical commitment to prayer among adolescents in Isfahan city. According to the goal, the research method was experimental and semi-experimental. In the present study, firstly, 30 people were selected as a sample from the teenagers of Isfahan city, and they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people each). A pre-test was taken from both groups using a questionnaire of attitude and practical commitment to prayer. Then, the experimental group was trained in spiritual therapy based on Islamic teachings for 8 sessions of 60 minutes. After the implementation of the educational stage, a post-test was taken from both groups again using research questionnaires. Then the research hypotheses were analyzed using covariance analysis method and spss-26 software. The results indicated that spirituality education based on Islamic teachings has a significant effect on attitude and practical commitment to prayer.

 A good lighting condition in an office building, in terms of energy efficiency,  is achievable through better use of natural light, but this requires consideration of all effective parameters. Therefore, providing the desirable daylighting in office environments that are based on the priorities of employees, is a necessity in terms of design and construction. Despite much research in this area, there is no comprehensive theoretical framework. The aim of this study is to achieve a comprehensive model in this regard.

 At first, an analytical review of research related to the use of natural light in office buildings has been done. In this section, the meta-analysis method and comparison of the results of previous researches and the development of a theoretical model have been used. Then, by using the opinions of 15 experts - with experience in office space design - and fuzzy network analysis, the proposed variables and parameters in this theoretical model are tried to be prioritized. 

 According to which, people's preferences in the three structures of employees' mental priorities over natural light and their priorities in relation to the required lighting efficiency and in relation to lighting control equipment can be summarized. In addition, the most important components affecting the determination and limitation of these priorities are stated.

 The results of fuzzy analysis of the components obtained from the mentioned studies and the proposed framework showed that the variables of optimal levels of light and visual comfort and glare and parameters of distance from the window and landscape can have a greater impact on creating optimal lighting conditions.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the performance and impact of the building shell on natural lighting components and radiation reception, as components affecting the quality of the interior space, through designing a shell with Voronoi algorithm.

For this purpose, using the genetic algorithm and taking into account the Useful Daylight Illumination and the Total Radiation, optimal configurations are presented from among the design options of the shell, which is based on the Voronoi algorithm. The working method has been multi-objective optimization using NSGA-II and linear modeling in the Rhino platform and Grasshopper plugin using environmental analysis tools such as Energy Plus and Radiance for numerical calculations. Also, skins are analyzed in three cases: 1-an infilled wall without the second skin, 2-using horizontal louvers, and 3- Voronoi skin as the second skin.

It has been indicated that with Voronoi skin, the amount of average Useful Daylight Illuminance has increased by 63.86% compared to the case without the second skin, and by 21.02% compared to the case using horizontal louvers the second skin. Also, by this design idea, the amount of total solar radiation decreases by 63.86% compared to the case without the second shell and decreases by 15.38% compared to the issue of using horizontal louvers as the second shell.

The designed shell resulting from the optimization process and the use of Voronoi geometry has a good performance in improving the Useful Daylight Illuminance and reducing the amount of sunlight.

Despite the rapid development of perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) within the last decade, the role of ion migration on the devices' operation has not been completely understood. It is considered the most complicated and mysterious process, affecting PeLED's operation. On one hand, it is widely accepted that the ion migration, as an intrinsic phenomenon, is one of the main origins for PeLEDs' low stability and on the other hand, the defect passivation caused by mobile ions gives rise to enhanced charge injection from the electron and hole transporting layers, leading to the more efficient light-emitting diodes. Therefore, it is critical to have a comprehensive insight into the underlying principles of ion migration and its contributing factors. In this paper, the ion migration phenomenon and its influence on the operation of a PeLED are surveyed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation. The accumulation of anions and cations at the hole and electron transporting layer's interfaces with the perovskite facilitates hole and electron injection, respectively, which results in more carrier density favoring the radiative recombination. Thereupon, ion migration is a phenomenon that is closely related to the device's operation and stability, by controlling which a more stable PeLED is attainable. Our results provide a better understanding of the physics behind the ion migration which is the first step for designing more efficient devices.

Enzymes play an essential role in catalyzing the reactions for multiple industrial applications. One of these critical industries with a worldwide application is paper and pulp, which is cost-effective in increasing attention. Xylanases are potential enzymes that proved their abilities in a broad range of applications, specifically in the paper and pulp industry as a biobleaching agent and dye removal biocatalyst. In these decades, the production of novel enzymes from natural sources is conceivable, especially with applying the culture-independent method of metagenome. This practical approach provides the opportunity to identify the novel enzymes from uncultivable microbial diversities. Concerning the importance of the thermostable enzymes for industrial applications and their better action in harsh conditions, this study aimed to identify novel thermostable xylanase from metagenomic data of sheep rumen by applying the in-silico screening. The thermostable xylanase was extracted from the ruminal DNA and after cloning and expression named PersiXyn5. The enzymeschr('39') kinetic parameters, including Km, Vmax, and its specific activity, were examined. The enzyme was optimally active at 80  and pH 8 and could retain 58% of its maximum activity after 2h of incubation at 90 . The thermostable, alkali PersiXyn5 was an efficient enzyme in the paper industry and poultry feed and fuel applications.

This paper tries to figure out how to formulate the political discourse of the eleventh government in a competitive atmosphere with other discourses and with regard to the specific conditions and political climate of the Iranian society. The statistical community of the survey was all television debates of the presidential candidates of the twelfth presidential election, This is between the text of the discussions of Hassan Rouhani and Ishaq Jahangiri as the sample society. The way to identify, redefine and redefine discursive slogans and create distinct and distinct boundaries for understanding the dominant approach to discourse space or hegemony. For this purpose, we used interlacing analysis using the Fractal method and then, using the Laclau and Mouffe method, we extracted the central slab and floating slabs, and reflected the formation of the political discourse of the eleventh government in the form of a chart. The method of frackling by equipping the researcher with tools for Understanding how the ballads are represented and the techniques used by the speaker in order to accept the propositions and influence our audience helps us to get an overview of the discourse provided by the eleventh government. The strategies used by the moderation flow showed that this discourse continued. He is the author of the reform dialogue There are suggestions for strengthening civil society and accompaniment with the people to the extent of attracting their votes. In the following, we tried to include the image in the theoretical framework of the study, the method of analyzing the discourse of Laklaw and Mufa, the main condition for the establishment of the discourse, which is the existence of others and the necessity The presence and existence of antitrust and other boundaries gives a more complete picture of this discourse and its implications.

Micro-pyramidal structures have been synthesized on the single crystalline silicon (Si) substrate, using anisotropic etching in the potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution in the presence of the isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as the additive. Effect of the different parameters such as the concentrations of KOH and IPA and temperature on the etching process has been studied. Extracted results show that higher concentrations of the KOH and IPA, as well as the increasing temperature, lead to the larger pyramidal structures and less uniformity in their size and distributions. Incorporation of the porosity to the Si surface, before etching in the KOH solution can enhance the uniformity of the formed pyramidal structures. To the best of our knowledge, in this paper for the first time, we survey effects of the porosity which is created by the metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) method, on the formation of the micro-pyramids. Performing thermal treatment on the produced silver mask during MACE process before etching process, improves uniformity of the synthesized pyramids. For studying morphology of the formed structures, we use the field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images. Moreover hydrophilic behavior of the pyramidal structures has been studied. Contact angle test results show that more uniformity in the size and distribution of the structures, enhances the hydrophilicity of the surface

An international ecosystem of marketing is a network of different actors whose success and survival depend on each other. This concept implies that organizations should not be considered as separate actors but as part of an ecosystem. The main objective of the current research is to design an international marketing ecosystem for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs). In fact, this study was designed to identify the main actors of the international marketing ecosystem for small and medium-sized enterprises. The methodology used in this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of this study is Tehran's small and medium-sized enterprises which have an experience in international markets. The statistical sample of this research is also experts and professors who are familiar with the topic of this research and managers with experince of small and medium-sized companies which were identified through  snowball sampling technique. In the qualitative phase, the grounded theory method has been used. A total of 126 codes were identified in the form of sentences, pseudo-sentences, and words. The afforementioned codes are categorized into 24 concepts and 7 categories that include the following seven categories as major players in the international marketing ecosystem for small and medium enterprises: government, capital, market, nongovernmental organizations, infrastructures, culture, and educational institutions. In the quantitative part, for the confirmation of identified elements in the territory of the international marketing ecosystem, a researcher-made questionnaire, which was the result of the output of the qualitative research section, was distributed to 130 managers of the small and medium-sized enterprises in Tehran. Finally, the identified elements in the form of an international marketing ecosystem were designed by using expertise opinions.

Consideration of Healing through recreational footpaths can improve mental and physical health and increase the mental health of city dwellers. One of the most important dimensions of recreational footpaths is design elements used in them which are categorized into two tangible and subjective species. Many researchers have investigated the effective design components on the health and welfare of citizens; but a comprehensive look at the relationship between landscape elements of recreation footpaths and healing components with regard to the role of the human senses has not been carried out yet. This article seeks to identify effective dimensions of recreation footpaths and their impact on healing the users with the help of the five senses.

The research approach is qualitative. In a general view, all the used data in this research obtained from two ways; review of previous researches and experts’ vote. At first, efficient dimensions and components were clarified and prioritized using library methods and logical reasoning; then experts’ recommendations had been analyzed and discussed through fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP). At the end, the results of both previous stages were integrated using normalization in order to finalize the priorities of footpath elements.

The findings emphasized that “Sight” has the most impact on perception and healing components, among other senses. Also, natural elements have the most impact on the healing through footpath elements. And the highest proportion of healing will occur in ‘emotional / psychological healing’.

Seeing "natural landscapes" (through sight and visual aspects) and being in touch with nature (through olfactory, tactile and audible senses), can decrease the psychological stresses and Increase biological well-being as well as heal internal anxiety.

Risk and failure in the supply chain can have a significant and negative effect on the short-term and long-term performance of the participants in the chain. Therefore, this research has an innovative look for a mathematical model for analyzing the interactive risks of the supply chain system using Bayesian belief networks. The study is descriptive in terms of purpose and has descriptive nature. The research community is classified into the two categories of academic experts and operational experts. In this research, information on the drug supply chain of the Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad was obtained and analyzed using the bayesian belief network modeling process. The findings of this study show that Bayesian belief networks are much better than traditional risk analysis methods, because it can analyze basic risk analysis, including risk ranking and scenario analysis, and other essentials. BBN can also display different uncertainties in the language of probabilities with an appropriate visual form and provide more comprehensive view of the supply chain conditions and its risks

The current study aimed at investigating the existence of the cross state-dependent learning between morphine and scopolamine (SCO) in mice by passive avoidance method, pointing to the role of CA1 area.
The effects of pre-training SCO (0.75, 1.5, and 3 μg, Intra-CA1), or morphine (1, 3, and 6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) was evaluated on the retrieval of passive avoidance learning using step-down task in mice (n=10). Then, the effect of pretest administration of morphine (1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) was examined on passive avoidance retrieval impairment induced by pre-training SCO (3 μg/mice, Intra-CA1). Next, the effect of pretest Intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (0.75, 1.5, and 3 μg/mice) was evaluated on morphine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-training deficits in this task in mice.
The pre-training Intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 μg/mouse), or morphine (3 and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired the avoidance memory retrieval when it was tested 24 hours later. Pretest injection of both drugs improved its pre-training impairing effects on mice memory. Moreover, the amnesia induced by the pre-training injections of scopolamine (3 μg/mice) was restored significantly (P The current study findings indicated a cross state-dependent learning between SCO and morphine at CA1 level. Therefore, it seems that muscarinic and opioid receptors may act reciprocally on modulation of passive avoidance memory retrieval, at the level of dorsal hippocampus, in mice.

Identifying the problems of Knowledge-based companies is important because of their special position in the economy of the country, despite the increasing value of exports of Knowledge-based products, this companies suffer from two problems, areas of investment and unsustainable export, the issue that has challenged the competitiveness of these companies, it’s an issue that needs to be explored further. The aim of this study was to conceptualize and Prioritization of intelligent knowledge-based companies through a combination approach. The present study aimed to explore the mixed and the functional result. The first step is research in order to achieve the objectives of the research, using semi-structured content analysis and interviews with activist’s knowledge-based companies (professionals, managers and relevant officials), 95 Code as intelligent concepts competitive knowledge-based mining companies and 10 components were classified according to semantic relationships. The second step 12 experts selected by theoretical sampling their views through a questionnaire with 5-point Likert collected and analyzed data through fuzzy Delphi technique. The results of two surveys of experts led to the identification of eight main components of a competitor intelligence, financial intelligence, market intelligence, technical intelligence, intelligent management, regulatory intelligence, human intelligence and political intelligence to gain competitive intelligence in the knowledge-based companies.

The aim of the present study is providing a model of electronic tax adoption based on taxpayer's viewpoints. This study is applied in terms of objective and is descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the current research is Guild and industrial units in Semnan Province; using a two-stage stratified sampling method, 400 samples were considered. The hypotheses of the research have been tested using path analysis technique by SMART PLS software. According to results, the impact of national culture and trust on portal quality and use of system have been supported; the impact of portal quality on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, user satisfaction have been supported; besides, the impact of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, user satisfaction on behavioral intention have also been supported and finally the impact of behavioral intention on system usage have also been supported yet, the direct impact of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on system usage have not been approved.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of brand trust and brand identity on brand evang elism among consumers of the mobile phone between student of semnan university. The study investigates the influence of two consumer-brand relational constructs, brand trust and brand identification, on brand evangelism. Brand evangelism, conceptualized as an amalgam of adoption and advocacy behaviors is operationalized in terms of three supportive behaviors: purchase intentions, positive referrals, and oppositional brand referrals among students of Semnan University of Nokia mobile phone. Therefore, 392 persons were selected using random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, whose reliability and validity is assessed by Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. This conceptual model were examined using structu ral part called path analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that brand trust and brand identity have significant positive effect on brand evangelism, and the brand identity has a direct and positive effect on brand evangelism.

During recent years, using advertising campaign has gain momentum due to the intense competition in banking industry. Meanwhile, brand slogan has become one of the identity-maker of any brand, used extensively in firm's advertising. In the present paper, the impact of brand slogan on customer purchase intention has been investigated. The research is of applied type in terms of objective, and in terms of implementation, is of survey – correlation one. The statistical population includes customers of Melli Bank in Tehran city during the year 1382-1392 (2003 - 2013), from whom 387 have been selected using two-phase cluster sampling, and the questionnaire has been distributed among them. The conceptual framework as well as the research hypotheses have been tested using structural equation modeling. The results show that the brand slogans has positive impact over brand judgment. The highest impact of the moderating variable of brand judgment is of perceived risk (-0/476). The perceived risk impact on information costs saved and purchase intention was not statistically important. The highest impact that the purchase intention has gained was information costs saved (0/68).

New developments in technology, particularly the information technology, have changed the perception of learning. These changes have made distance learning or electronic learning (e-learning) an important part of education. However, it seems that this technology does not have a fixed position in governmental organizations yet. This is because of the existence of some barriers in organizations. According to the literature and according to the fact that employees play a very important role in electronic learning implementation, educational and human resource barriers were found to be one of the most important barriers to electronic learning implementation. In this regard, 23 barriers were extracted from literature review and then they were adjusted and classified into 2 categories with the help of 5 organizational experts. These two categories were educational barriers and human resource barriers. Likert scale questionnaires asking for the views of 361 employees working in Semnan governmental organizations was the main research instrument in the study. Factor analysis was used for analysing the data. Findings of this study showed that all of the extracted indices from the literature review and also those which were adjusted by organizational experts were key educational barriers to implementing electronic learning in governmental organizations.

The goal of this research is to identify technical, financial and managerial barriers to the implementation of electronic learning in governmental organizations in Semnan province. After doing a vast investigation in the literature review and categorizing them into these three categories, a Likert scale questionnaire that’s reliability was confirmed by Chronbach’s Alpha, was distributed among employees of twelve governmental organizations in Semnan. Gathered data were analyzed by using factor analysis. Loading factors confirmed all of the extracted data with this sequence of importance: managerial barriers, financial barriers, technical barriers. So we recommend to future researchers to use this research as a base for efficiently implement electronic learning in their organization.

recognizing the importance of the advertising in brand reinforcement and brand credibility، the authors conduct the present research for understanding the customers’ emotional responses toward the brand reinforcement and credibility and its effect on the perceived values and behavioral Intentions. Hypotheses were tested on data collected from 467 customers of Mellat Bank in Semnan province in Iran، who were selected using two stage cluster sampling. Correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the hypotheses. The findings provide strong support of the hypotheses showing that the brand reinforcement in advertising has more effect than brand credibility on the emotional responses on customers. The induced emotional responses have positive effect on the perceived values. Moreover، the utilitarian value has more effect than hedonic value on the behavioral intentions of the customers in banking industry. Utilitarian aspects had a stronger impact on customer behavioral intentions than hedonic aspects.

A secure self-biased remote controller for a drug delivery system, working at 956 MHz, is designed using piezoelectric substrate containing an implantable micropump. For this purpose, the effect of Lithium Niobate substrate on the actuation voltage, signal to noise ratio, insertion loss, bandwidth, and real and imaginary part of the admittance are investigated. The results of analytical calculation and numerical simulation show that the actuation voltage of the Lithium Niobate substrate is about 5.8 V, and the calculated bandwidth is 160 MHz with the signal to noise ratio of 26.52 dB. The security for actuation of the device is assured with Barker code. The insertion loss is equal to 2.1 dB which is adequate for maximum power transfer. Numerical simulation indicates that the generated voltage could create a displacement about 9.3353 nm in the conductive diaphragm, which is enough to ascertain the correct drug delivery by the micropomp. According to the analytical calculations and numerical simulations, the performance of the designed controller is qualified to correctly stimulate the drug delivery device.