جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Contemporary Literature » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The poems of Hoshang Ebtahaj, a contemporary poet of Persian literature, and Latif Helmet, a contemporary Kurdish poet, have similarities in terms of content and theme and within the framework of romantic literature. The current research aims to examine the poems of these two poets with the approach of content analysis and with the interpretative support taken from the school of romanticism in both individual and social romanticism levels. For this purpose, first all the poems of Ibtahaj and Helmet were studied and analyzed, then the poems with romantic themes (both social romanticism and individual romanticism) were extracted. Then, the thematic classification of these poems under two levels of individual romanticism and social romanticism has been discussed. The results of the research show that, in total, 103 samples of poetry from the collection of poems of both poets contained romantic themes (52 of Helmet's poems and 51 of Ebtahaj's poems), of which 27 (26%) have the triple themes of individual romanticism (love, Individual ethics and the instability of the world) and 76 cases (74%) had romantic themes of social romanticism, which were classified into five main categories, which are: poet's commitment, social harms such as poverty, hunger, etc. Awakening and praising freedom, condemning power, oppression and war, glorifying the displacement of values and anti-values. Based on this, both poets have prioritized the social aspect of romanticism over individualistic and personal concerns, and both poets can be given the title of poets of commitment and social commitment.

Our main issue in this research is how to implement intercultural didactic. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical. Using a researcher-made questionnaire as the main research tool, which includes 20 five-choice questions and its validity has been measured and standardized, we will deal with the effectiveness of intercultural didactic. Therefore, by randomly selecting 200 people from among the total population of undergraduate students in the field of French Language in Iranian universities and in two experimental groups of 100 people, we will examine the effect of this teaching method on improving students' pragmatic competence and interest in literary content. All 20 items of the questionnaire have a strong correlation with their factors and therefore the questionnaire is standardized. Also, the results of descriptive statistics (Table 5-5) show that after removing the possible effect of the pre-test, the experimental group (45.19) obtained a higher average than the control group (35.28) in improving pragmatic competence. Table 5-9 also shows the descriptive statistics of the two experimental groups and the proof of interest in literary content in the post-test. Based on this, the result was obtained that the experimental group (mean = 25.69) compared to the control group (mean = 18.15) obtained a higher mean in the post-test of interest in literary content. Based on the results of the t-test of two independent samples in Table 10-5 (p > .05, t = 9.78 (198)), the effect size index of the t-statistic is 9.78 equal to 0.571, which shows a large effect size.

The institution of the family and the methods of representing it in literary works, including fiction, have been considered in every era. Sometimes authors are attracted to writing family-centered stories relying on their knowledge of the family situation in their era. One of the issues of interest in sociology studies regarding this institution is the issue of power. Identifying the methods of distribution of power in the family shows many social changes that have occurred over time. Due to the increasing rate of these developments and their impact on the structure and function of the family, as well as the future of this institution, the durability or collapse of the traditional and modern forms of the family has become one of the most important preoccupations of sociological thinkers. In this research, based on sociological studies in the field of family, as well as the opinions of different thinkers in the field of power, the structure of power distribution and the methods of its application, the type of resistance to power and the sources of power generation in family relationships in 87 contemporary short stories by seven contemporary Persian authors in the decades 1960s to 2010s were examined; with the aim of clarifying whether in these stories, the power structure in the family is one-sided and asymmetrical, or based on the model of equal rights. It should also be clarified whether the authors were able to draw a picture of the current state of the family institution in Iran despite the existing restrictions and prohibitions. The results show that in these stories, the family structure is semi-symmetrical, non-linear and a combination of intimacy and dominance in line with the balance of tradition and modernity. The methods of exercising power are expressed in two ways: persuasion and coercion; but the type of resistance is more passive due to the adherence of members, especially women, to traditions and customs . From among power-generating sources in family relationships in contemporary short-stories, traditional beliefs and social status are given priority and next to them, we have the following issues: emotional dependency; men’s job dignity; women’s employment; education; men’s powerlessness, and women’s self-esteem and superstitious ideas.

Death can be considered the most important common issue among humans in all times, places and the only rival of life. Expressing the nature of death is a kind of representation of different people's attitude towards the nature of life. None of the poets have removed this concern. Therefore, addressing the thoughts of writers and poets, in this regard, will be effective in better understanding and getting to know the intellectual and epistemological views of these poets. To achieve this goal, one should analyze the texts and poems of these poets. One of the methods of text analysis is critical discourse analysis. in which they discover the author's and poet's attitude towards his works.
Since literature and society have a two-way relationship and the influence of contemporary poetry on society and the influence of contemporary literature in the formation of many socio-political developments has been proven. In this research, we aim to examine the influence of society on the poet's thought about death and its reflection in his works. Among the contemporary poets, Aminpour has expressed the important social and political issues of each period in his poetry explicitly and with appropriate tone, and this issue brings us into the realm of discourse analysis of his works. Accordingly, in this essay, by applying the level of explanation in the analysis of critical discourse, we seek to prove the ups and downs of the poet's death thoughts in his different poetic periods. It seems that his attitude towards death, which includes the outlook on life, has changed in different periods of his life.

The main question of this paper is to explain the role of the literary institution in the context of power relations and in particular the arrival of Iranian society into the era of Pahlavi rule. In the meantime, based on Ernest Cassirer's comments, the late literary works of the Qajar period until the first Pahlavi era was evaluated. Contrary to the prevailing approaches to text as abstract, neutral, inactive, and merely reflective of a subject or matter, Cassirer believes that texts as a system of signs are, above all, a set of practices that have the capacity to be the position of agency. On this basis, he believes that the mental construction of the new world is still influenced by myths that are produced and reproduced in various ways and with specific purposes. The results obtained and described by these works show that literature in this period, by creating a particular kind of myths and then expanding and diffusing the mythical insights into heroism and nationalist discourse, provided the basis for the emergence of the First Pahlavi rule.

Stand-up Comedy is a type of audio-visual art that has received serious attention in recent decades. It is a combination of verbal and dramatic arts derived from Oral literature and deeply ingrained in folk culture. Stand-up comedy encompasses different forms of art and performance such as storytelling, acting, music, presenting and oration. Comedians engage with the audience directly on stage, regaling them with amusing anecdotes about life and societal matters, inducing laughter and providing a mental release. The findings of this survey indicate that owing to the distinctive features of stand-up comedy, this form of art will gain significant popularity in future. This particular form of contemporary art serves various purposes including, entertainment, education, creating social solidarity and empathy, as well as critiquing political and societal issues. Its notable interartistic features encompass storytelling, being audience's oriented, being critical, improvisational, flexibility, and drawing on informal language and colloquialisms. The present article explores the history of stand-up comedy in Iran, its functions, its structure and defining characteristics. Additionally, the article delves into the significant themes, elements, styles, and techniques employed by comedians in crafting their performances, and three cases of Iranian performances are analyzed as examples.

 Mostafa Rahmandoost is one of the most prominent and famous contemporary poets in the field of literature, especially children"s poetry. The main purpose of this essay is to investigate the methods and stylistic features of this child poet in three linguistic, literary and intellectual levels so that we can pay attention to the main features and stylistic features of the poet.

 The upcoming research will be carried out in a descriptive-analytical way based on library studies. The statistical community and scope of the research in this article is a selection of Rahmandoost"s poetic works in the field of children"s literature in the age group A and B.

 The findings of the research indicate that Rahmandoost used simple and easy-to-understand words, appropriate images and didactic, educational, moral and religious points at the three levels of language, literature and thought.

 The results of the research indicate that at the linguistic level, the vocabulary of Rahmandoost is very much appropriate for the age of the children, free of superstition, difficulty and weakness of composition, use of everyday terms and words, slang and sometimes very simple proverbs to increase the lexical level and Children"s vocabulary. At the literary level, repetition among the images of recognition (animation) and simile is used to a greater extent to teach concepts such as colors, seasons, natural environment, law education, moral points such as altruism, affection and kindness, attention to God"s power, etc. Is. Allowed, other types of far-seeing metaphors and irony have a very limited and brief use in Rahmandoost"s poems in the studied area. At the intellectual level, Rahmandost tries to teach colors, seasons, foods, animals, etc. indirectly by focusing on teaching moral points, respecting parents, paying attention to God"s presence in the universe, and religious concepts.

Animal is viewed in traditional literature as a tool and symbol that shows the human attitude. In the new perspective, however, especially in Deleuze's view, the animal is no longer a tool in hands of humans but humans must submit themselves to the animal and get close to animality. Considering the new concept, this study used the ideas of such thinkers as Deleuze and other related postmodernist thinkers to examine the characters and features of Suvashoun novel from the perspective of animality. The main themes that this study discussed are animality, childhood, madness, humanity. Regarding animality, we see Suvashoun a dialectic, where antithesis appears in Yusuf's humanity. Madness and prison are means used for liberating man from his subjectivity in prison. That is why Zari takes her vow to the madhouse and distributes it among the prisoners. Desire and body, childhood and femininity, Kelo’s personality and MakMahon's poetry, and Dr. Abdollah Khan's mysticism leaves no room for human humanity of Yusuf. He should be the contemporary Siavash, whose head is innocently cut off in the bowl of his mythical innocence. Such a Suvashoun not only ensures the liberty of his soul but accomplishes the animality of Zari.

The entrance of the Marxism’s’ left-wing idealism in the early 14th SH in Iran, has been the source of extensive changes in all cultural aspects and particularly in literature. The fruit of such thinking stream was a newfound literary school which was based on Marxism-Leninism perspective that due to some factors, evolved and developed swiftly. To such a degree that the majority of authors, poets and translators got interested in such school of thought and a great number of significant literary works that shape the body of the Iranian contemporary literature, were created under the influence of Marxism ideas. In order to answer the question that what factors caused the development and growth of the left-wing literature in Iran this writing suggests two general factors of social backgrounds and intellectual infrastructure and with regards to historical documents tries to outline components such as The social backgrounds arising from the constitutional revolution, the victory of October 1917’s revolution, the alteration of Iran’s relationship with the mighty neighboring country and the extended activity of left-wing parties, provided the opportunity for the emergence and the development of the Marxism-Leninism ideology as the infrastructure of the left wing literature in Iran. Additionally, based on literary works we would try to prove this claim that the elements of left-wing literature like realism, protestation, modernism etc. were in alignment and with correspondence to the needs of the Iranian society which required a new and a pioneer literature for the process of its’ structural change and provided the backgrounds for growth and expansion of the left-wing literature in Iran.

The Gothic style was a mode of story writing which became popular in the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century in Europe when suppression caused by church and religious beliefs on the people was dominant. These stories are created based on imaginary and unreal situations. The role of gothic writers is to analyze the psychological disorders; therefore, novels written in the gothic style are also known as black romance. In Eastern literature (Kurdish and Persian), some socio-political events encouraged story writers to go for surrealism and magical realism adapted with social infrastructure of their community. In this research, Gothic elements in Hoshang Golshiri’s Prince Ehtejab and Bakhtiar Ali’s Death of the Second Single Child have been explored through their relevance to Iranian and Kurdish society. Moreover, the style of both authors has also been investigated. The results indicate that Hoshang Golshiri and Bakhtiar Ali have used Gothic techniques in their stories in accordance with the social conditions of their society. The Gothic is a means to reflect the social and political conditions of these authors' era, where tensions caused by social issues in turn, yields to socio-political situation of their era in a Gothic format.

Manouchehr Atashi can be considered one of the poets of contemporary literature, but various aspects and angles of his poetry have not been researched yet. The study and analysis of Atashi"s poems from the point of view of psychological criticism based on contemporary psychological theories, including Karen Horne"s theory, which can clearly reveal the close relationship between the literary work and the poet"s spirit and social environment, is the main goal of the upcoming research, which in other scientific studies about poems Fire has been neglected. Examining this issue will open a new window for the lovers and critics to know and introduce the works of this outstanding poet.

The descriptive-analytical research method is based on library studies and the method of sand analysis, in which the analyzed samples are purposefully selected from the collection of Manouchehr Atashi"s poems.

Based on what has been discussed in this research, fear, anxiety and defense mechanisms against it in the form of isolation, seclusion, seclusion, taking refuge in an ideal world and creating an ideal self-image, philosophical bewilderment and protest according to Karen"s psychological theory. Hornay can be seen in Manouchehr Atashi"s poems and compositions.

The social environment and the surrounding world and human relationships with the surrounding people can be effective in creating feelings of fear, anxiety and failure; Emotions that are considered in Hornay"s psychological theory as fundamental anxiety. The findings of the upcoming research show that the contemporary world, manifestations of industrial progress, the death of loved ones and failure in love are all effective factors in creating a sense of anxiety in Manouchehr Atashi"s poems.

In the contemporary era, overwhelmed by the spectacle and cognitive capitalism, human beings are submerged under a constant flow of data and intangible goods; a direct result of the emergence and proliferation of information and communication technologies. In the realm of cultural products, particularly in the literary creation sector, where it is impossible to strike a balance between creation and reception, the concepts of attention and reception assume a particular importance. In contrast to outdated heirs of the aesthetic approach to literature, whose roots extend back to the 19th century and have contributed to the contemporary crisis and devaluation of French literature, many contemporary writers, particularly bestselling authors, utilize the capabilities of digital media to promote and sell their works. This study aimed to explore the impact of these media on author visibility and contemporary literary success, drawing on the theories of Yves Citton on the ecology of attention and Nathalie Heinich on the sociology of visibility. This study demonstrated how, on the one hand, it is possible to create value by attracting attention and gaining visibility and celebrity, and on the other hand, to move beyond textocentrism and extend the scope of a literary work.

The basic elements in literary images and imaginary forms, such as metaphor, simile, irony, metaphor, matching of the senses, etc., depend on colors; color has an important and prominent place; Because it gives literary words dimension, direction and depth and also its great impact on our lives and spirits is evident, poets use this element to give objectivity to their literary concepts. The abundant effect of colors has encouraged many researchers to study their effects and dimensions, both positive and negative, and each of them is trying to show these effects to others. In this article, an attempt has been made to study color as one of the main and important elements in contemporary literature, especially in the poems of Adonis and Qaisar Aminpour, by descriptive-comparative method, and also to evaluate the poems of these two Syrian and Iranian poets. The most obvious achievement of this research is that these two poets used six colors of black, white, blue, green, red and yellow with different committees to reflect and express different intentions and themes that were often due to the social conditions of the society. Their symbolic use was used to add to the richness of their poems.

The word ‘humor’ in Persian literature has different meanings. In the contemporary period, it is used as a ‘literary term’ with a difference in definition compared to the joke. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the meanings of humor in specialized sources, cultures, and related books in contemporary literature in order to find a rather comprehensive definition. The two research questions posed in the study are: what meaning or meanings are meant by the term humor? Is it possible to consider a clear and unique definition of humor in contemporary Persian literature and what text is an example of humor? The findings of this research show that the different meanings found by ‘humor’ are related and overlapping making it very difficult to find a clear definition for the term ‘humor’ or a single use for it.

Undoubtedly, the lyrical genre is the most widespread among literary genres. Some contemporary scholars have considered it to be the oldest literary genre and have divided it into several branches. One of the most important topics in the field of literary genres and perhaps the most important topic in the field of this type of genre is love. The purpose of this research is to study in a descriptive-analytical way, the motives of the love component in the Divan of Aref Qazvini and its various manifestations from the perspective of Aref. Out of a total of 229 poems that have been mentioned in the Divan of Aref Qazvini in various forms of ode, lyric, Masnavi, couplet, single verse and ballad, almost 106 are directly or indirectly dedicated to the component of love;That is about 46.28 percent of the total volume of the mystic court. Certainly, several motives have been effective in the application of this component in the mystic court. According to studies, the most important motivations of Aref Qazvini from the use of this component were patriotism, composition and love experiences, affection for friends and people, welcoming the love poems of other poets, lively life and political pressures.

The movement of Imagism in the early years of the 20th century was a poetic attempt to reach the inherent solidity of objects recorded at a specific moment of reception. The theories of Thomas Ernest Hume, an English poet who recommended brevity and the depiction of precise and clear ideas in poetry, became the basis of this school. This style was created in Hulme's mind after examining Bergson's works. He was an aesthetic philosopher and the 'father of imagism'. After Hume, Ezra Pound, by studying the works of Fenollosa in the language and art of East, was able to create a new genre in poetry by compressing the poems by removing logical relationships and creating objectivity. In Iran, after Nima and …, Sohrab Sepehri was able to use the capacity of the new imagist style for artistic illustration, and he even added a special point to the power and quality of his poetic images, and caused the growth of abstract thoughts in new poetry in a special direction inclined to surrealism.In this essay, we take a look at Sepehri's unique reaction in creating and presenting different literary and artistic images and prove that he has been able to introduce different degrees of image into literature by having a disorder or rather a brain privilege. Synesthesia or displacement of the senses means that when one of the senses or a part of it is activated, another unrelated sense or a part of it also reacts at the same time.

Contemporary Arabic literary prose text is an important and unknown subject in Iran that has not been studied yet. In the contemporary period, among the types of this literary genre, Arabic letters have a special position in terms of quantity. One of the notable letters at the beginning of this period is a letter written by Fazel Grossi to his friend Mohammad Saeed Razavi Hamedani known as Mr. Saeed Mojtahed. The main purpose of writing this letter is to blame Mr. Saeed Mojtahed for remarrying a young girl. This letter has been considered in its time and several copies of it have been drafted. Due to the large number of poems mentioned in this letter, therefore, in the present study, intertextual examples are examined in this letter. For this purpose, Gérard Genette's intertextual theory is used. The most important result of the present study that we have achieved is that the author in this letter has used the poems of poets of different periods of Arabic poetry, until the end of the Abbasi period, and this shows that the author has extensive information about Arabic poetry from the beginning to end of the Abbasi period. Another result obtained from this research is that all the intertextual cases of the poem in this letter are explicit and obvious. In most of these cases, the narrator is not mentioned. The intertext in these cases is of the non-citation type. In cases where the poet's name is mentioned, the intertextual it is a citation type.

After the literary revolution of Nima, numerous currents were born from Nimai's poetry and it merged with the currents and literary schools of the West and became popular. Following this, many studies and critiques were made about these poetic currents Due to the large number of available resources in the currentology of contemporary poetry Reviewing and comparing them will help us figure out which one is better In this article, we tried to critique these currentologys, and compare each of these books in comparison with each other and in the analytical review of each stream. The results show that the attempts to explain the evolution of contemporary poetry, although very useful, but in some of them there are fundamental drawbacks. Many of the critiques have been mere descriptions of a poetic current and At best, some critics have criticized poetry and interpreted poetic currents. The lack of a clear criterion in the classification of poets in the currents and even the naming of the currents and the lack of a clear time category for the contemporary poetic style, has caused confusion in some divisions.

While literary modernity in Iran had national underpinnings and was brought about by changes in the economic and political relations and infrastructures of the country, it was also influenced by the knowledge of Western literature, and Iranian intellectuals who were producing works of literature also promoted new perspectives and styles in literature through the publication of their works. Examining the publications in the time period starting from the Constitutional Revolution to the end of Qajar era, we found that the issue of literary modernity was present in the following areas: theoretical issues of literary modernity, innovation in the form and content of literary texts, flourishing of translation, development of literary research, and flourishing of literary criticism. However, Iranian intellectuals and scholars had different understandings of modernity. Some believed that modernity was tantamount to destroying tradition and everything belonging to the past, and that it meant moving away from the literary past to create a literature that suited the contemporary times. Another group of modernists who had nationalist tendencies considered the aim of literary modernity to be the purification of Persian language by eliminating Arabic and Western [loan] words. Another group of scholars took the middle ground on the issue of modernity. They believed that new topics could be addressed while preserving the literary tradition. To them, tradition and modernity were not in conflict, but rather were a continuous issue, and modernity could take shape alongside tradition.

Marxist critique is a form of literary criticism that speaks to the relationship between society and literature. In Marxist critique, literature is analyzed on the basis of the historical conditions that created it. Therefore, for Marxist critique, it is necessary to know its historical background. With the occupation of Iran, Iraq and the Kurdistan region after the First World War by the Allied forces and Russia, a current dominates Persian and Kurdish literature, which is influenced by many of their writers. Marxism and Communism put Russia. Iranian society during and after World War I due to the inefficiency of the ruling system involved in problems such as; Poverty, the existence of a class system and the pressure on the people by the government of the time, Iraqi Kurdistan has long been a place of conflict with the government and the central government of its time to seek an independent government and government, Kurdish nationalist thought in Iraqi Kurdistan Also, the influence of the Iranian and Iraqi Kurdistan societies on the communist and Marxist currents after the First World War provides the ground for examining the works of the authors of Persian and Kurdish literature and their influence from these currents. In this study, the Marxist critique of the novel by Jani Gal and the Daughter of a Peasant, which; It can be said that in Persian and Kurdish literature, both works are among the first social realist stories.