فهرست مطالب سید محمدرضا تقوی

Diabetes is a common disorder which contributes to a variety of complications such as deficits in central auditory nervous system (CANS). Auditory late latency response (ALLR) is a well-established neurophysiological approach in the assessment of CANS performance. This study was aimed to compare ALLR in insulin dependent (Type I) diabetic patients and normal individuals.

In this descriptive analytical and non-interventional study, ALLR was measured by using tone burst 1000 Hz on 25 Type I diabetic patients and 25 age, education and sex matched healthy controls include 12 males and 13 female in both groups, with mean age 28.76±4.1 year in patients and 29.68±3.6 year in controls. Data were analyzed by t-test and Pearson correlation tests using SPSS 17 software.

The mean ALLRs latency and amplitude of the diabetic patients were significantly different when compared with that of normal controls in both genders (p<0.01). Also, there was a strong correlation between ALLR latency and HbA1c and diabetes duration (p<0.01).

Significant prolongation in latency and significant reduction in amplitude of ALLRs in the diabetic patients shows that cortical auditory information processing is slower than normal individuals.

Mental Disorders Symptoms is associated with numerous personal and social consequences. Therefore, present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between Secular Attachment [SA], Trust in God [TG] and Dysfunctional Attitudes [DA] with the mental disorders symptoms.

The population included Jahrom University Students, from whom 300 (191 women and 109 men) were selected through cluster random sampling method. Research instrument were Attachment Scale, Trust in God Questionnaire, Dysfunctional Attitude (DAS-40) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-53). The data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression methods.

The result showed that SA and DA can significantly and positively and TG can significantly and negatively predict the severity of all mental disorders symptoms. SA showed higher power than DA in predicting symptoms of Obsessive-compulsive, Somatic Symptom, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation and Psychoticism with coefficient variance was .24, .07, .25, .18, .32 and .21 respectively. Also TG showed higher power than DA in predict symptoms of Somatic Symptom and Depression.

According to the results, the quality of belief and attitude towards God and Secular Attachment has a significant relationship with psychological disorders symptoms, therefore, considering and modifications these components, is important issue in the process of evaluation, prevention and treatment.

Despite the many successes of clinical psychotherapists over the past half century, a review of the results of current therapies in clinical psychology shows that current approaches are unable to consider all aspects of a disorder simultaneously. Also, these approaches neglect important parts of reality (which are called unseen facts). The multifaceted model of identifying and treating psychological disorders, believes that in order to explain psychological disorders, all components of a disorder should be counted as a whole (deductive) and interact with the perceptual components of the researcher. To be placed. Accordingly, instead of explaining a single factor for this purpose, the author has assumed the perceptual characteristics of human beings, which are sense, intellect, and heart, in the vertical axis by selecting diffuse anxiety disorder, for example, and in the horizontal axis, the characteristic. Considers diffuse anxiety disorders, which include behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects. The present study, while introducing this model, which has the characteristics of flexibility, universality, comprehensiveness and pathology model, guides the practice of the medical model, paves the way for the introduction of religious variables regarding psychological disorders, comparability of different theories, and finally truth. The test provides the claim of religious models.

Today, the foundation of scientific systems in different universities around the world is mainly based on material schools. Among these paradigms, positivism has practically been more influential in the last century. The purpose of the present study was to compare the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of the positivist paradigm and Islamic humanities paradigm and the effects of the two paradigms on the science production process. The key challenge was whether the current humanities needed some reform, or beyond, a fundamental change commensurate with its philosophical foundations. The deductive approach using the available sources of the two paradigms was performed. The results showed that, in general, the philosophical foundations of positivism have serious differences with the foundations of Islamic humanities, and thus the results leaded to two different paradigms with different goals and ends. Therefore, it seems that the method of refining and completing the sciences is not working, and the humanities need to undergo fundamental changes (such as the establishment of the Islamic Humanities System).

 The concept of post-traumatic growth (PTG) has attracted attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years.  Although some previous studies have reported post-traumatic growth (PTG) among cancer survivors, few have examined factors that facilitate or promote PTG in patients with cancer disease. Present research was performed in 50-65 ages blood cancer patients in Shiraz city with the purpose of predicting posttraumatic growth based on will power components.

The statistical population was all patients referred to both inpatients and outpatients’ settings in Namazi and Mohttahari centers of Shiraz city, Iran, in the period 2017-2018 and were diagnosed as blood caner by a medical physician. 101 patients were selected from the population using convenient sampling method. For assessing variables, the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 1996) and the Will Power Inventory (Goodarzi, Taghavi and Kafezade, 1395) were used. For statistical analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple simultaneous and stepwise regression were used.

 The will power showed positive correlation with post-traumatic growth and its components (p<0.01). There were also a positive correlation between post-traumatic growth and will power (including its components).  In predicting post traumatic growth, the most powerful factor of will power was self-control.

It can be concluded that promoting will power particularly »self-control« can facilitate post-traumatic growth. Therefore, in order to provoke post-traumatic growth in patients with blood cancer, interventions directed toward »self-control« and will power enhancement is recommended.

Several empirical studies reported links between religion, spirituality, and post-traumatic growth. Post-traumatic growth has been reported after traumatic events such as medical conditions (such cancer or HIV). The purpose of the present study was to predict posttraumatic growth based on material attachment and its components in married patients with blood cancer.

The statistical population included all the patients who referred to both inpatients and outpatients’ centers in Namazi hospital and Motahhari clinic in Shiraz, Iran, in 2018. 124 patients were selected from the sample population using convenient sampling method. The measures used included Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and Material Attachment Inventory. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for analyzing the data. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The findings showed that material attachment could predict posttraumatic growth negatively (P<0.05). In addition, among the material attachment questionnaire components, "attachment to the present condition" could more strongly predict posttraumatic growth.

It is concluded that the strategies that distance the patients with blood cancer from all material attachments and attachment to the present condition can facilitate posttraumatic growth.

The issue of research recognizes the status of educational sciences in providing a system of need and satisfaction based on the -Islamic becoming philosophy-. This research is aimed at understanding and assessing the potential of Islamic becoming philosophy in the path to application.

  This qualitative research has been done by documentary method. The research plan is also a kind of emergent.

Given that the concepts of need and satisfaction are subjected to human behavior in the context of motivation-related concepts, we first briefly describe the relative position of educational science, in terms of the analysis of human behavior and movement, in the two areas of scientific sociology and psychology. . The next section of the study has been devoted to the introduction of the philosophical dimensions of the " becoming philosophy of Islam", using the initial limit of philosophy (the principality of the subject), as well as the three main issues of philosophy, namely, the relationship of unity and plurality, the relationship of time and place, and the relationship of discretion and consciousness. The definition of the need for the requirements as well as the initial rules for designing the system of need and satisfaction (systematization and leveling of needs as well as the mechanism of need and satisfaction) are based on the analysis of philosophy of human movement.

  Finally, the status of educational sciences as a subordinate subject to his complementary philosophy (philosophy of education) and as a supra-subject toward his applied levels (educational planning) was described in the presentation of the system of need and satisfaction, and the three main issues of the becoming philosophy of Islam as the three main issues of education in education, this philosophy emerged. In addition, the important achievements of this research can be noted that in this study, unlike the usual way that human movement and activity are analyzed in terms of its needs and powers as the cause of movement, the current and system of need and satisfaction under the rules The subject matter and the human movement have been analyzed so far and unprecedented, and it is possible to interpret the science of education derived from Islamic philosophy as analyzes of this (subject-based analyzes).

Blood cancer is the fifth common cancer in adults that can be threatening. The aim of this study was to predict the Post Traumatic Growth based on gratitude and social support in women with blood cancer.

The research design was correlational with a predictive aim based on regression method. 82 women with blood cancer were recruited from both inpatients and outpatients’ settings in Namazi hospital and Mottahari clinic using convenient sampling procedure. Measures were Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 1996), the Gratitude Questionnaire (Goodarzi, Noori & Marzooghi, 1393) and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1988). Findings gratitude and social support were significantly correlated with Post Traumatic Growth and prediction was also significant.

it can be concluded that promoting gratitude in these patients and providing social support for them might contribute to Post Traumatic Growth.

Many of the perspectives in the religious science have, at the theoretical level, tried to provide an explanation of the methodology of the religious science, but they did not specify how to carry out a research project operationally. The purpose of this paper is to explain the three components of the methodological model of the Model of Islamic Humanities: 1) the knowing of subject, 2) The system of basic concepts, 3) The orientation of Science and its methodological implications for Islamic Humanities. This article led to two distinct paths for identifying the subject and basic concepts of the foundation. The orientation of the Sciences approved by the Imam (AS) was assumed for the system of Islamic Humanities. Extracting the "modes" and "logic" governing religion, through the systematic attitude to the Qur'an and Tradition, is obtained through the directional synergy of the great jurisprudents, philosophers and mystics. It was assumed in the field of the specialty of the scholars of seminar; and the theorizing to transfer from the present to the desired state in accordance with the above logic, in the field of specialty of professors of Humanities . Despite the operation of several features of the above methodological Model, so far, the explanation of many of the characteristics of the Model is still essential for future research.

Identifying the causes of depression, which is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, can help prevent and treat it. From the point of view of Islam, material attachment and the kind of relationship with God are factors influencing depression. On the other hand, Western scholars have emphasized the role of ineffective attitudes as an effective factor in depression. The purpose of this study was to predict depression based on material belonging and attachment to God in comparison with ineffective attitudes. The research design was correlational, and statistical population included the students of Shiraz University 209 of whom were selected through convenience sampling. The research tools included Beck Depression Inventory, belonging, attachment to God and ineffective attitudes. The results showed that material attachment, ineffective attitudes and avoidant attachment style to God can predict depression in a positive and meaningful way. Material attachment was also identified as the strongest variable. The results indicate that Islam has many potentialities for defining the key variables in explaining depression.

Chronic occupational noise exposure may constitute a risk factor for cardiovascular disease for workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational noise exposure and noise annoyance with blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in workers of a textile industry. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 220 employees of Savadkouh textile industry complex in Mazandaran province, Iran in 2017. To achieve the study objectives, the 8 -hour equivalent sound exposure level was measured and the cumulative noise exposure was calculated. Based on noise exposure level, workers were divided into control and case groups. Then, blood pressure was measured and blood samples were collected from each individual for determination of the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and they were transfered to the laboratory for further analysis. The noise annoyance scale and socio-demographic questionnaire were used to collect noise annoyance and other background and demographic information, respectively. Finally, Paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and multivariate regression were used to study the relationship between variables using SPSS Version 20. In total, 159 workers participated in this study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eighty-three participants were exposed to more than or equal to 85 dBA, and 76 person were exposed to less than 85 dBA noise level, respectively. The results showed that mean blood pressure and cholesterol were significantly different between the control and case groups (P-value< 0.05). Based on multivariate regression results, noise exposure, cumulative noise exposure (CNE) and noise annoyance had a significant effect on blood pressure (P-value< 0.001). Cholesterol was also significantly affected by noise exposure and noise annoyance (P-value< 0.005). Based on the results of current study, noise can be considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ampong workers. Actually, high intensity noise affect serum cholesterol and blood pressure directly, and may do indirectly by causing noise annoyance which acts as a mediator. Therefore, it seems necessary to conduct a controlled cohort study to investigating the interactions among whole variables of interest.

One of the components recently introduced in the psychology of religion is spiritual intelligence. Spiritual experiences are pure and innate experiences that are inherent in human being. Also, religious orientation means one's attitude toward religion. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the spiritual intelligence, spiritual experiences, religious orientation, and their correlation among engineering students and students who come and go to Shiraz University mosque.
Instruments & This descriptive, causal-comparative, and correlational study was conducted among 60 engineering students and 60 students who come and go to mosque in Shiraz University; the participants were selected based on available sampling method. Spiritual intelligence and spiritual experiences questionnaires as well as and Allport religious orientation scale were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16, using one way anova and Pearson correlation tests.
Findings: Compared to the engineering students, students who come and go to mosque significantly had higher mean scores in spiritual intelligence, spiritual experiences, and religious orientation (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between spiritual intelligence and religious orientation of the two groups, spiritual intelligence and spiritual experiences of students who come and go to mosque, as well as spiritual experiences and religious orientation of the engineering students (p<0.05). Students who come and go to mosque in Shiraz University have higher spiritual intelligence, spiritual experiences, and religious orientation compared to the engineering students. There is a correlation between spiritual intelligence and religious orientation of the two groups, spiritual intelligence and spiritual experiences of students who come and go to mosque, as well as spiritual experiences and religious orientation of the engineering students

Recently, the importance of religious variables and its impact on mental health is increasingly being considered by psychologists and mental health professionals, so that in many studies, the relationship of religion and mental health variables have been shown. The present study was a qualitative review, which was conducted with an inferential approach to religious sources by studying the ideas presented by Islamic thinkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the worldly belongings as a key concept for the explanation of health and psychological disorders. The body’s belonging to the soul has a positive effect and it is essential to human life because it provides protection for the soul. But, human being develops this belonging within himself, to the extent that this belonging creates the veil of the soul, and if human beings can fight with the veil of the soul, which manifests itself in worldly belongings, s/he achieves immense potentialities. At least theoretically, belonging can influence the explanation of psychological disorders. Some belongings directly involve the individuals and impede the correct perception of the problem. "Belonging to the status quo" causes one to worry about any kind of change in life, and these people will be vulnerable to changing the living conditions. “Belonging to particular objects, individuals, situations, and goals" will cause depression when people are faced with a lack of them. In the Islamic approach, if failure to achieve a particular goal is not due to the neglect of person, then, it would lead the person to new ways in life. Belongings are one of the roots in the formation of psychological diseases

The present research aimed at constructing and validating “the Attachment Scale” (SAS). To this end, a 36-item scale was developed based on the related Quran verses and the traditions.
Two hundred and nine students in Shiraz University participated in the study to evaluate psychometric properties of the scale. Reliability and validity testing was used. Also, explanatory factor analysis, through the principle components analysis by varimax rotation was applied.
The test-retest reliability of the scale with two weeks interval was 0.87 and the Cronbach Alpha of the scale was 0.88. Construct validity coefficient of SAS was investigated using Patience Scale (r= -0.58), Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire (r= 0.69) and Depression Inventory (r= 0.42). Explanatory factor analysis resulted in three factors that were called “attachment to the status quo”, “attachment to the material things” and “emotional attachment” respectively, accounting for %33.4 of the total variance. All of the items of SAS had a significant correlation with the total score of SAS. Also, there were significant correlations among the subscales and between the subscales’ scores and the total score of SAS, as well.
Therefore, SAS was recognized as qualified to be used in scientific studies in Iran.

Given the prevalence of depression in different societies, identifying its predictive factors with the purpose of prevention and early intervention is of great importance. In Islam, emphasis has been put on patience as a determining factor in preventing depression. The aim of this study was to predict depression based on patience and its components.
This study adopted a correlational method. The population included Shiraz University students, from whom 209 were selected through convenience sampling. Research instruments were Patience Scale and Beck Depression Π Inventory. In order to analyze the data, stepwise and enter regression were used. In this study, the ethical issues were all considered; besides, the authors declare no conflict of interest.
The results showed that persistence and contentment can predict depression both significantly and negatively. Moreover, the total score of patience could also predict depression significantly and negatively.
Regarding the role of this religious variable in developing and prevention of depression, therapists and researchers should pay more attention to patience and its components.

The aim of the present study was a review of “Conceptual Creative Realism” as a methodological model of Islamic science (Iman & Kelateh Sadati, 1392). The model had some strong points including a new presentation of science structure as well as a new definition congruent with the Islamic point of view entered in a new paradigm. Also, the model defined knowledge’s hierarchical in different way where the God’s laws would be at the top of this hierarchical. Reality is further up observations and objective experiences as well as the correct criterion defined according to Islamic direction. In the other side, the model had some weakness points including speaking in general, not specified, and missing link between the different concepts, as well as having ambiguity responding this question that how we can specified the borders between the different knowledge sources such as sensation experiences, wisdom and intuition. In sum, the model evaluated as an effective model which could have valued contribution to the Islamic science.

The aim of the present study was to use a psychological model to explain the effect of trait anxiety and induced anxiety on individual’s performance in updating function of working memory. This study was also designed to test attentional control theory of Eysenck et al.
Throngh Multistage Cluster sampling method¡ 330 freshman university students were asked to complete the trait part of Spielberger''s State-Trait Anxiety Inventor. After scoring¡ 24 subjects from the upper 25 percent of distribution were selected as high trait anxiety group¡ and 24 subjects from the lower 25 percent of distribution were selected as low trait anxiety group.Then¡ the subjects were tested in normal and induced anxiety conditions. The performance in updating function was investigated with both of processing efficacy and performance effectiveness. Data were analyzed using mixed repeated measures¡ modified bone ferreni post hoc test and independent t- test.
The results showed the effect of trait anxiety on processing efficacy in updating function of working memory. Also¡ in addition to processing efficacy¡ performance effectiveness was impaired in the induced anxiety condition.
The results provided support for attentional control theory of Eysenck et al; That is¡ the high trait anxiety group increased their effort in order to maintain levels of performance. The high trait anxiety group¡ in addition to increasing mental effort¡ had lower cognitive function in the induced anxiety condition.

Background and Patience is one of the important indicators of the personal and social health. It is essential to foster this virtue by considering its structures since it fulfills crucial functions. Regarding this, the aim of the present study was to predict the patience based on the worldly and divine attachments among students.
This correlational study was conducted on 209 students of Shiraz University, who were selected through convenience sampling technique. The data were collected using the Patience Scale, attachment to God inventory, and worldly attachment questionnaire. The data analysis was performed through the stepwise and simultaneous regression.
The results showed that the worldly attachment and avoidant attachment style can significantly and negatively predict the patients. In addition, the secure attachment to God could predict the patience significantly and positively.
Considering the role of this religious virtue in mental health, the therapists and researchers should pay special attention to its underlying components.

This study examined the effect of attentional bias modification related to food’s stimuli in obese women. The present study used Pretest–Posttest Design with experimental and control groups. To this end, 35 obese women, matched in two separate groups based on weight, age and education level, participated in the study. First, amount of attentional bias toward food words evaluated using probe dot task. Then, attentional bias in one group modified with probe dot task and other groupreceived aplacebo. Again,the amountof attentional biastowardsfood stimuli in groupswas assessed todeterminethe effectiveness ofattentional biasmodification task. The experimental group who received attentional bias modification task, comparing with control group, showed, significantly, less attentional bias towards food cues. Attentional biasmodification task in obese women were able to reduce the amount of attentional bias towards food cues. Thus, cognitive therapy, beside the other treatment, could help obese woman to be treated.

Methodology is one of the important pillars of religious scientific discipline. Although, In terms of the sequence, Identifying of methods of scientific research is a function of general philosophy in a scientific discipline, however, on the other hand, could be constitutive of each other. The aim of this study was to compare the methodology of religious science and current science which ended to detecting 8 differences. Key differences between religious science and current science including: Philosophical foundations, human goals and ends, theoretical and operational definition of variables, hypotheses developing, correctness criterion of the hypothesis, studying the deeper layers of phenomena, using a variety of research methods and identifying subjects system. Finally, a diagram was presented to introduce the methodology from the perspective of religious science.

The aim of the present study is to find a theoretical framework and operational model for establishing Islamic humanities scientific discipline.
The research is performed using qualitative method with the Inferenceapproach to religious sources.
The results of the article indicate: First, the principles of ontology, anthropology, and eepistemology, philosophy of science, methodology and research methods were recognized proportional with Islamic humanities scientific discipline. Accordingly, the six-track system including developing basic concepts, development of scientific propositions, clarifying the role of jurists, philosophers and mystics, In the development of Islamic Humanities and the path of unity of the data (theorizing) were conceptualized. Also, a model to establish the scientific discipline was proposed and its fitness was examined.
The author of the survey concludes since different routes to gain knowledge use the methodology and different logics, thus, developing a general logic lookout which consists of all minor (particular) logics was proposed for future research.

The aim of present study was to examine the mediating role of emotional schemas between the attachment styles and attentional bias. Research design was Correlation; and study population included all university students at Shiraz University during academic year 1392-93. For this purpose, 250 students (125 female and 125 male) participated in the study through the convenient sampling approach. Moreover, research tools included Attachment Style Questionnaire (Besharat, 1384), revised emotional schemas scale (Shahvarani, 1393), and visual Dot Probe task. In order to analyze the data, the path analysis method by AMOS21 was used. Then, the results showed that ambivalent attachment style among attachment styles as well as emotional schema of perception and control, acceptance and general Agreement among emotional schemas indirectly predicted attention bias significantly too. Moreover, rationalization of Emotional schemas and simplification of emotion significantly were predicted by Avoidance and Secure attachment styles. Finally it became clear that the three emotional schemes of perception and control, acceptance and general agreement had a full mediating role in prediction of attention bias to threatened face based on ambivalent attachment style.