فهرست مطالب عزت الله مافی

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of districts 1 and 6 of Mashhad municipality in terms of urban creativity indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research questionnaire was designed based on creativity indicators and then this questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population of the research and the information collected in SPSS software was organized. The results of research in region one showed that the human capital index with an average score of 3.52 is better than the other three indicators. Structural, cultural and social capital indicators were ranked second to fourth, respectively. Finally, the average score for the creativity index in the region was one equal to 3.04. The results in region six showed that the social capital index with an average score of 2.91 has a better situation than the other three indices. Structural, cultural and human capital indices were ranked second to fourth, respectively. Finally, the average score for the creativity index in the region was six times equal to 1.98. Based on the results of independent t-test at 99% confidence level, it can be said that there is a significant difference between zones one and six in terms of urban creativity indicators. Based on the comparison of average scores, only in terms of social capital index, region six was in a better position than region one. But in terms of the other three indicators, the situation in Region One was better.

Urban settlements are facing complex issues due to physical expansion and population growth. In fact, with the expansion of cities and increasing problems of urban life, people's expectations from officials to create welfare opportunities have increased, and for this reason, it is necessary to build a smart city.

is descriptive-analytical, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of the city of Bojnourd. In this research, 7 main indicators and 74 sub-indices related to the intelligent society are studied. T-test and confirmatory factor analysis have been used for data analysis.

The results showed that the index of social and ethnic multiplicity obtained the highest average score of 3.87 and is in a better position than other indicators. The competency level index with an average score of 3.55 is in second place. The public life participation index is also in the third place with an average score of 2.97. According to the results, the indicators of flexibility, urbanism, interest in learning over time and creativity are ranked fourth to seventh, respectively. The results of ranking and explaining the importance of indicators showed that, from the perspective of experts, the global urbanism index (F) with a coefficient of 0.218 is more important than other indicators in achieving an intelligent society.

The indicators of social and ethnic pluralism (C) and participation in public life (G) are in the second and third ranks.The results of two-dimensional analysis in the city of Bojnourd showed that the two indicators of creativity and the world of urbanism are of great importance and are not in a good position for the local people. Therefore, in the city of Bojnourd, in order to develop an intelligent society in the first steps, the situation of these two indicators must be improved.

Urban settlements are facing complex issues due to physical expansion and population growth. In fact, with the expansion of cities and increasing problems of urban life, people's expectations from officials to create welfare opportunities have increased, and for this reason, it is necessary to build a smart city.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the key components in the development of Bojnourd city with a smart city approach.

is descriptive-analytical, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the research is the citizens of the city of Bojnourd. In this research, 7 main indicators and 74             sub-indices related to the intelligent society are studied. T-test and confirmatory factor analysis have been used for data analysis.

Studied Areas: 

The geographical scope of the research is Bojnourd, one of the most important cities of North Khorasan province and also the capital of the province, like many cities in Iran, has a great difference with the standards and indicators of the smart society.

The results of the t-test showed that 62% of the total 74 indicators studied are below the normal and average levels. 10% of smart society indicators from citizens' point of view are at average level and 28% are at above normal and average level. Based on confirmatory factor analysis, 28 influential and key sub-indices were identified in Bojnourd smart city development.

The comparative analysis of the explanatory variance by seven factors in this research shows that the factors of participation in public life, social and ethnic pluralism, and morality, respectively, have the highest variance in explaining the factors of the development of the smart city of Bojnourd.

Cities are often placing of high population density and man -made phenomena. For this reason, if there is no preparation to deal with the crisis, the probability of human and financial losses is high. Among the topics of urban planning and its relationship with crisis management, one of the important and worthy topics is the topic of riskiness of the urban system. The present study was compiled with the aim of investigating the causal model of the effective components in crisis management in urban areas. The method used in this research is practical in terms of purpose and analytical in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of this research was made up of experts and professors of geography, urban planning, urban and regional planning in Shirvan city. Experts were selected by the snowball method and the considered sample size to complete the questionnaire of 25 university professors and experts in the research field. The tool of data collection was a questionnaire based on fuzzy dimetal, since the questionnaire used was prepared based on the criteria identified in the background of the research and the views of experts and experts. Among the indicators studied based on the D -R value, the capacity and empowerment index with a value of 1.255 as the most influential index in the pre -crisis stage, during the crisis stage the aid and response index with a value of 1.953, and in the post -crisis stage The government support index with the highest D -R value of 1.932 was identified as the most influential index. In a general conclusion, it can be stated that crisis management in Shirvan city requires a structural and comprehensive perspective, and it is necessary to pay special attention to the components identified in this research when planning in line with the crisis management of the studied city .

Tourism is one of the important activities with economic, social and environmental consequences in cities. Tourism development policy is an approach that the city can emphasize by minimizing its negative effects while increasing its benefits. This approach plays an important role in urban development and has various effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tourism and its role in the development of Bojnourd. The present research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by experts (20 people) and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.718. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The statistical population of the study consists of 233810 citizens of Bojnourd. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula to 384 people and was randomly distributed in Bojnourd. The result of structural equations shows that 95% confidence in tourism development has affected the urban development of Bojnourd. Also, among the variables explaining urban development, the growth of cultural services with a factor load of 0.67 had the highest correlation with the hidden variable of urban development. The variable of development of infrastructure and construction facilities and services with a factor load of 0.66 is in the second place and the variable of improving the livelihood of residents with a factor load of 0.56 is in the third place. The variable of increasing public services with a factor load of 0.52 had the lowest correlation with the hidden variable; Also, the results of the structural model indicate that tourism has an important role in urban development of Bojnourd.

Evidence shows that urban management in Iran is mainly based on old models such as comprehensive and detailed plans and less emphasis is placed on new models such as creative cities. With this approach, regions 1 and 6 of Mashhad metropolis were selected as a case study of the present study. This study was conducted to answer the question of which indicators of Hong Kong Creative City in areas 1 and 6 of the metropolis of Mashhad are more important for the development of urban creativity. The research method is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature of the research. Based on this method, in the first stage, the theoretical foundations and research literature as well as the research background in both internal and external sections were studied. In the second stage, the research questionnaire was designed based on Hong Kong creativity indicators and then this questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population of the research and the information collected in SPSS software was organized. In the third stage, the research was described using descriptive findings. Finally, in the fourth stage, the research findings were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of reviewing and comparing the mean scores of the main indicators in the case areas showed that in terms of three indicators of cultural capital, human capital and structural capital, region one is in a better position than region six. On the other hand, in terms of social capital index, region six with an average score of 2711 has better conditions than region one. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that out of 22 studied indicators that were developed in the theoretical model of the research, 14 sub-indices in region one and 1 sub-indices in region six were approved. The results mean that the theoretical model of research in the region has more capabilities and applications.

According to the issues raised, the present study has been compiled with the aim of examining and assessing the situation of cities from the perspective of urban crisis management components. The research method in this research is a combination of research, applied (using the results and output of research in Shirvan) and development; Statistical population In the present study, according to the determination and classification of related organizations, each organization was selected as a statistical sample from each organization according to the percentage of the total statistical population, which in total 227 People were selected as the statistical sample of the present study. Finally, the quota non-probability sampling method, in which the number of samples is determined in advance and is from experts, was distributed. The findings show that the lowest and most unfavorable calculated average of 3.57 belongs to the post-crisis period and post-crisis reconstruction, which is not in a satisfactory state. It is related to the identification of vulnerable zones due to hazards in Shirvan city and in this section 12 indicators were analyzed based on FAHP model, which showed that the rate of vulnerability in 5.37% of Shirvan city Very low, 22.38% low vulnerability, 14.12% moderate vulnerability, 27.75% high vulnerability and 30.39% very high vulnerability. In fact, it can be said that the vulnerability of Shirvan is low in 27.75% of the city and high in 58.14% of the city. In the central neighborhoods of the city due to high age, population density, wear and tear, low quality buildings and ... the level of vulnerability is high.

The historical collections of cities as a place have cultural heritage values, identity, history, thoughts and attitudes of people in different historical periods. The values attributed to them can play a major role in the direction of protection and investment in the form of cultural tourism. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of cultural tourism in revitalizing the socio-cultural values of the historical market of Tabriz to take an effective step towards the development of cultural tourism in the city of Tabriz. To achieve this goal, relying on a qualitative approach and studying written sources around the three strategic axes of "Architectural Heritage Protection", "Architectural Heritage Value System", and "Cultural Tourism"; And also conducting a semi-structured interview with 4 statistical groups, including businesses and market residents, domestic and foreign tourists, residents of Tabriz, and experts familiar with the subject, their opinions about the socio-cultural values of the market, damage An analysis of values and strategies for reviving damaged values were collected. The findings of the library study and field questioning were examined and analyzed by relying on the descriptive-analytical approach and the coding and categorization method to answer the research questions. The obtained results show that with the application of value-based conservation methods by the selected community, it is possible to ensure the continuity of life and create the grounds for the permanence of the work, to provide a basis for attracting tourists and, as a result, for the development of cultural tourism. Also, the results of the research show that among the considered social factors, the structure factor has the most influence with a path coefficient of 0.467. Among the factors related to culture, the religion factor has the highest path coefficient of 0.455.

Urban areas, because they have many historical and cultural attractions, are often considered important tourist destinations. At present, urban tourism for many managers, city officials and good urban governance is considered a symbolic and economic matter of importance, which requires evaluation, definition and determination of goals, arbitration among various options in the field of investment and development, and creating a structure. Management is appropriate.

The purpose of the research:

 to investigate the effect of urban management on the level of responsibility compliance by tourists.

The current research is descriptive in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of research method. To obtain the theoretical literature of the research, a descriptive and documentary method was used by reviewing the literature related to the concepts of urban management, responsibility and urban tourism. In order to collect data, the method of library and field studies was used with the questionnaire tool based on the Likert scale, and the statistical population of the research was formed by the tourists of Mashhad city.

The general results showed that the averages of urban management and its dimensions in relation to the activities of the tourism service sector are medium to high, and the dimensions of social responsibility also have high averages.

In general, it was found that urban management in Mashhad has a direct and significant effect on the amount and level of responsibility of tourists.

The increasing competition in the tourism industry has raised the need to pay attention to the development of special value for tourism destinations. Various external and internal factors are effective on society in the tourism destination. Most of the previous research has focused on the investigation of external factors such as awareness of cultural changes and even the type of dialect, social behavior, and identity of people. In this research, the role of tourists on the identity of citizens in the Samen region of Mashhad has been investigated. The research population included all residents and people who were in contact with tourists in this area, from among whom 195 people were selected as a sample. The results showed that the indicators of architectural-physical identity and urban texture had an average higher than 3 due to the presence of tourists. The overall results showed that the presence of tourists did not have much effect on the characteristics of the social and cultural identity of the residents of the Samen region. Concerning the indicators of architectural-physical dimensions and urban texture, this effect proved to be more significant.

Today, urban livability is the key concept in urban planning. At present, the concept of sustainable development and livability is one of the new concepts in developed countries. The city of Bojnourd has witnessed unequal urban spaces due to the increasing population growth, especially in the last three decades, so the necessity and importance of the issue of livability is quite evident in the city today. This study was developed with the aim of evaluating and measuring urban viability and the factors affecting it. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect the required data and information, library and field methods and questionnaire tools were used. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens living in Bojnourd, the sample size was estimated 384 people using Cochranchr('39')s formula. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, one-sample t-test and linear regression were used in SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the situation of urban livability in Bojnourd, according to the general average obtained, which was equal to 2.75, is in a situation below the average. Also, in terms of the studied dimensions, the social dimension with an average of 2.84 has the highest average and the environmental dimension with an average of 2.67 has the lowest average. Also, the results of this study show that the situation in Region 2 is better than in Region 1 of Bojnourd. Other findings of this study include the positive effect of citizenschr('39') sense of security and health on urban livability.

Given that the historical and cultural context of cities are valuable works of culture, knowledge of architecture and urban planning and are considered as part of the social identity of each nation and country. In fact, the re-creation and preservation of historical contexts as an identity is essential for the survival of cities. One of the reasons for the identity crisis in today's cities is the inefficiency of historical contexts. One of the methods of implementing urban regeneration is planning tourism in historical contexts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of regeneration indicators of buildings and historical urban contexts in Haft region of Mashhad, as opportunities for Examine tourism development. The research method is survey and the main tool for data collection is a questionnaire. The statistical population in the present study is all residents of Haft city of Mashhad. Using Cochran's formula, 384 people were determined as a statistical sample. Findings show that there is a direct relationship between tissue regeneration and historical development and tourism development (Pearson correlation coefficient between tissue regeneration and monuments and tourism development is 0.218 and its significance level is 0.000. Also according to the results of regression test. There is a simple linear relationship between recreation and tourism development (significance level less than 5%, so due to the linearity of the relationship between the two variables was accepted), which was finally determined using Friedman test between the studied indicators in terms of differences in importance.

Explaining the relationship between resilience to natural disasters is in fact how social, economic, institutional and physical capacities affect the increase of resilience in societies. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquakes in which the research method is descriptive-analytical and the statistical population includes experts in the field of urban resilience for this group of 30 people. First, the indicators evaluated to assess the resilience of Shirvan city in the face of earthquake hazards using the ANP model, which were questioned by experts and elites, were 25 indicators in 4 physical, institutional, cultural, social and economic criteria. Paired comparisons were performed. Findings showed that the rate of resilience in Shirvan is low in 65.4% of the city and high in only 19.2% of the city. In other words, in 17 neighborhoods out of 26 neighborhoods of Shirvan city, the rate of resilience in the face of earthquake hazards is low and only in 5 neighborhoods of the city the rate of resilience is high. Therefore, the final results of resilience in Shirvan are 19.2% of the upper city, 15.4% of the average city and 65.4% of the lower city. In general, the results indicate that the resilience of Shirvan is in an unfavorable and unfavorable situation and the rate of resilience in this city is low in the face of earthquake hazards.

The basis of climatic data is measurements taken at a predetermined chronological order at air monitoring stations, so all measured values ​​of climatic elements can only be attributed to the point of measurement. Therefore, different interpolation methods can help a lot in estimating climate data in different places. The study area in this study is northeastern Iran, including the provinces of Khorasan Razavi and North Khorasan, and monthly summer temperature data were used for 21 synoptic and evaporative stations in the northeast belonging to the Meteorological Organization and the Ministry of Energy with appropriate distribution. The statistical period of 21 years (1997-1997) was considered as a common statistical period for all stations. Then, in order to compare the interpolation methods, several different methods, including ordinary kriging, spline, inverse squares and Thyssen were used by ARCGIS software. Comparing the deviations of the estimates from the measured data was evaluated by cross-validation. Then, in order to check the hypothesis of normality of the calculated errors in each interpolation method, the test thigh test was used and finally, to evaluate the best interpolation method, AHP method and Expert Choice software were used. The results showed that based on the root mean square error (RMSE) criterion, Thyssen, Kriging, inverse distance and spline methods were located, respectively. Based on the absolute maximum error criterion (MAE), the kriging method estimates the summer temperature better than other methods. According to the MBE standard, the kriging method is better than other methods and can be used for temperature interpolation. According to the set coefficients, the calculated compatibility rate is 0.03, which indicates the high accuracy of the selection of weights.

Themain purpose of this research is to analyze status of resilience indicesin the worn out and old fabricof Farujcity. Inthis regard, 32 indicators in four dimensions of physical-environmental, social, economic and institutional-managerial were selected based on theoretical studies of the research. In the next step, a questionnairebased on these indicators was designed and distributed among the residents of the study area. A total of 380 households participated in completion of questionnaires. Then, the collected data were entered into SPSS and analyzed by single sample t-test.Four dimensions of resilience were compared with each other and based on average scores. The results indicated that resilience in the institutional-management dimension with the average score of 2.70 is ranked first. Thesecond rank of resilience was for the physical-environmental dimension with a mean score of 2.47. Finally, social and economic dimensions were ranked third and fourth, respectively. Inanother section of the study, the importance coefficient of each indicator was estimated based on expertschr('39') opinions. Then, the results were integrated and indicators with higher priorities were identified. In this method, we are looking for indicators with a low average score but a high coefficient of importance. Based on the analysis, we found nine indicators with these characteristics, of which we can refer to indicators such as access to temporary accommodation, awarenessabout the occurrence of natural and human disasters in the neighborhood, the level of awareness about reactions, how to behave appropriately during the crisis, job security, financial strength of residentsto participate in resolving the crisis, and the extent to which the insurance organizations support the residents.

Natural disasters, which are part of the process of human life, pose a major challenge to the sustainable development of human societies. On the other hand, the unsuccessful implementation of urban regeneration schemes has led to a new phenomenon called sustainability in urban projects, with major approaches to sustainability being the revitalization of urban contexts and the emphasis on regeneration. Therefore, in the present study, quantitative planning matrix has been used to evaluate the regeneration of the worn-out neighborhoods of Faraj city in order to enhance the physical resilience. . The research method in this study is descriptive - analytical and for collecting information besides library documents and studies, questionnaire was used which was distributed among a sample of 30 urban experts. Based on data analysis, Shannon entropy was used to evaluate the physical resilience of Farojchr('39')s worn-out tissue sites, and then the studied sites were prioritized in terms of physical resilience. Afterwards, the Vicour method was used to rank the Farouq worn-out tissue localities in terms of physical resilience. Based on the Shannon entropy, it has been concluded that neighborhoods 5 and 7 have been prioritized for physical resilience. Also based on the Vikor method, it has been found that out of the four quarters of the worn-out Faroj textile, the number seven neighborhood has the highest resilience.

Awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of cities is essential for present plans, policies and plans of the city. In fact, the use of economic, social, physical, etc. indicators can be a suitable Criterion for determining the status of cities, and fields of solving the problems and failures are created to achieve the desired and actual development. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to determine the position of Piranshahr city in terms of strategic planning indices and prioritizing the city development strategies. The research is descriptive and analytical. The sample population in this study consisted of three groups: urban managers, urban elites and citizens the sample size was identified 382 people for the citizens group according to the Cochran formula. In the group of managers 50 people and in the elite group 50 were selected as samples. Positioning of city was by using SWOT model and Prioritization of city developing strategies was performed by the SWOT model and prioritizing the city development strategies using a combination of Multi Criteria Decision-Making method and Kohonen neural network in MATLAB and EXCEL softwares. The results showed that the city of Piranshahr is in a competitive position strategically. Also the output of Kohonen neural network identified strategy of developing of foreign exchanges and strengthening of Tamarchin boundry market in order to shaping a sustainable economy based on internal - foreign trade as the best city development strategy.

Physical texture of urban areas can have chaotic behavior due to their non-linear and unpredictable characteristics. The theory of chaos in urban development attempts to explore physical development which has fractal geometry, as a non-linear, sensitive to preliminary conditions and generalizable to different scales with an emphasis on geometric aspects of it. In this study, with the aim of achieving the physical growth pattern, the physical status of a part of Mashhad urban complex has been investigated and analyzed as a coherent whole with homogeneous function (tourism).

The research method in this study is analytical-descriptive. In order to achieve the goals of the research, the urban fabric of a designated area has been studied with the help of up-to-date maps and specialized software. Scaling has been adhered to as a generalizable process, In the process, Therefore, this research is one of the applied research.

 With respect to scaling, the correlation coefficient between the geometric parameters indicates a significant relationship between these parameters. The fractal spectrum of the study area at various scales (whole and component) indicates the autopsy of the study body and describes its process.

As a result, physical growth process in the studied area is chaotic and it follows a specific growth pattern at different scales. Far from the populated cores (Mashhad, Toos, Torghabeh and Shandiz),physical  geometry tends to be linear, and it is also in relation to transport arteries' geometry.

Applying of two systems Light Rail Transit and Bus Rapid Transit as skeleton of public transport has been defined in Mashhad city. There are problems in the line routes of the system including about 50 percent coverage with each other along their routes that this problem reduces the system's coverage. This research is done with the aim of re-designing of the mentioned routes with a view to maximizing system access. Research method is both qualitative and quantitative and it is applied research. To reform the public transport skeleton routes a mathematical modeling approach is applied using ant colony algorithm. Then combined access index using Hansen method has been calculated divided to 253 traffic zones and in two different cases, system status quo and the system proposed by research. The population access, the places of employment and attractive land uses were have noticed on calculating the mentioned index. The research data were obtained from database of comprehensive transportation study of Mashhad which was update at 2013 using documentary study. Improved routes of public transit skeleton have been defined as the results of this research that they have no coverage with each other so the system coverage is increased while their overall length is less than the approved routes. Also the access index significantly increased in case of modified system compare with the primary one. Given that the existing public transit skeleton system has been designed with methods based on movement, the results of this research reveals differences between the methods based on movement and access in case of designing of public transport.

Today, transport planning is one of the important aspects of urban planning. In this regard, enhancement of the public transport systems and guiding the urban travels towards these systems has found a crucial role in traffic improvement, preventing capital waste and reaching to the sustainable cities. In Mashhad, two systems, namely Light Rail Transit (LRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are defined as the main public transport systems. This research has down with the aim of effect explain of city detailed design texture streets downtown road widening on the process of public transport route designing. It should be noted that the mean of widening is not the rampant road widening but it is just road widening according to approved urban detailed designs. Theoretical foundations of research is theory of urban sustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Research data is obtained from data bank of Mashhad transportation comprehensive studies by documentary study. The most part of zoning in the city of Mashhad mean divided the city to 253 traffic zones has used in order to increase the accuracy of study. The routes of the main public transport lines have re-designed using ant colony algorithm. The algorithm objective function includes variables of population, employment and the surface of trip attractive land uses and the main limitation have been defined as width of streets in two case, present situation and widening streets. So, two reform options of mass public transport systems have been produced. Then, the access index has been measured based on Hansen relation in case of two mentioned alternatives. The research hypothesis testing showed that the access index in case of alternative which achieved road widening is significantly higher than the other alternative. The research results explain importance of city detailed design road widening in view point of improving main public transport routes and increase their efficiency. According to traffic problems of central business districts of mega cities and the consequences of this include air pollution and etc. it is necessary to adopt policies to deal with these problems. One of these policies is transferring trips from private cars to public transportation which requires efficient, reliable transportation. Based on previous studies, the most important performance indicator for public transportation systems is the level of access to such systems. Increasing the level of access to the main public transportation network which will be achieved in the event of implementation of the expected road widening in the city center's detailed plan can increase the use of public transport and consequently use less than personal vehicles. So, though, on the basics of planning sustainable cities, road widening is not a good way to overcome traffic problems but such modifications appear to be necessary in the minimum amount that would allow the design and implementation of a convenient and efficient public transport network. The result of this study proved the above hypothesis. This results reveal the importance of adherence to the results of urban detailed studies, including the development of urban road networks.

Among the different dimensions of sustainable development, the social aspect is known as one of the main dimensions. This is more in line with the quality of life and emphasize on the concepts such as foresightedness, justice, participation and empowerment. The main aim of the present research is to evaluate social stability indicators in thirteen regions of Mashhad city. For this reason, multiple criteria decision making model of Vikor and related analytical methods have been used for rating of the thirteen regions of Mashhad metropolis based on social stability indicators. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research and statistical population in this study is thirteen regions of Mashhad city with the population of 2766258 people, among the population 390 persons have been selected as samples based on Cochran formula. The sample has been randomly selected from different regions. Based on the results of the research, the indicators of social stability in the framework of Vikor model show that the regions 9 and 1 have the most favorable conditions in terms of the realization of social stability indicators, and by contrast, regions 3 and 11 have the most undesirable situations. The results of the research have relatively high correlation (0.743) with previous studies conducted about the overall situation of sustainability in Mashhad metropolis.

One of the most modern cities in the urban management program is how people spend their leisure time One of the options is welcomed by citizens and city parks. Furniture City is one of the most important factors that can be effective in attracting people to spend their leisure time.
In this study, using a combination of methods (observation, interviews, questionnaires) to investigate the factors of design, location and selection of furniture for parks, cultural, and psychological factors Sabzevar and its spatial quality And then the inferential statistics using linear regression to examine the relationship between the variables investigated In the end, we reached the conclusion that the quality of the furniture (design, location and selection) with the quality of the environment and cultural, and psychological factors Has a direct impact on citizens and attract residents to spend their leisure time while not in good quality furniture urban parks Sabzevar.

Today the irregular growth of the population and its illogical distribution across natural and cultural environments of different communities has necessitated sustainable development in response to the unstable conditions of cities. Mashhad is a city with fast growth and development but with no clear plan, especially after land reform program. In this sense, the city is now extremely under the influence of dangerous outcomes of this ill fast growth, having a large number of environmental, social, and economic implications. So far, several designs of development have been developed for the city; however, despite taking such decisions, disperse urban growth and its implications still exist due to lack of scientific attention to urban growth and lack of proper theoretical patterns. Therefore, it seems that urban smart growth strategy, as a response to the sprawl, could improve the quality of the urban environment in Mashhad. The aim of this paper is to determine the rank and smart urban growth indices of the twelve districts of Mashhad based on the use of fuzzy logic. In this article, we will answer two main questions: 1) How does each district in Mashhad enjoy the indices of smart urban growth indicators? 2) Is there inequality between different districts of Mashhad regarding the integrated indicators of smart urban growth?
Theoretical Framework: Promoting the idea of smart urban growth is attributed to growth management in the 1970s and 1980s (Gabriel et al., 2006). The late 1990s witnessed smart urban growth as a new approach to urban planning in the United States of America and the urban growth has been used widely as a compressed pattern regardless of dispersion since then (Batisani & Yarnal, 2011; Danielsen & et al., 1999). The major theories of urban development focus on the relationship between the urban form and life quality. Such theories provide a framework for decision making with the goal of having a dynamic, diverse, pedestrian-oriented, environmentally friendly and economically sound society through the proper use of land and effective transport planning (Arku, 2009; Durand et al., 2011; Pyatt, 1999). Concerning the ten principles of smart urban growth, items such as the mixed land, the use of compact design in the construction, creating a variety of opportunities and housing options, creating neighborhoods suitable for pedestrians, creating a distinctive and attractive communities with a strong sense of place, protecting open spaces, farmland, natural beauty and environmentally vulnerable areas, strengthening and directing development of existing communities, providing a variety of transportation options, encouraging local communities, and the beneficiaries to participate in the development of decisions along with the predictable and fair and cost-effective development of decisions are all taken into consideration (Smart growth network, 2010).
This research was a cross sectional descriptive study. The research was carried out in Mashhad, and the population included 12 different districts in Mashhad according to the divisions published by the municipality in 2006. The examined indicators included 35 factors such as population, economic, physical indices as well as land use, transportation and environmental protection. The initial data needed for this research was obtained through the study of documents and General Population and Housing Census (2006), Mashhad Statistic Report (2010), Mashhad Transport Statistics (2010) and the related organizations. Then the data were analyzed using fuzzy cluster analysis in Excel and SPSS software.
Discussion and Findings: According to the results of the twelve districts of Mashhad, district 8 with a fuzzy score of 0.517 and District 5 with a score of 0.207 were respectively the first and the last city based on integrated smart growth indices. The mean of integrated smart growth indices for urban areas in Mashhad were estimated as 30%. . Districts 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 11 had indices higher than the mean, and Districts 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, and Samen had indices below the mean. Based on the fuzzy values and critical values, Districts 1, 2, 3, and 4 were lower than the critical value respectively in 77.2, 71.9, 81.2, and 79% of urban smart growth indices. District 5 was higher than the critical value only in 2.14% of urban smart growth indices. Districts 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and Samen were in critical conditions in 93.3, 82.9, 57.8, 64.5, 79.4, 72, and 76.2% of the selected indicators respectively. According to fuzzy values of each index, the critical value of smart growth indices was estimated as 70%. All Districts in Mashhad were below this value and thus in critical conditions. The findings also showed that the greatest difference among Mashhad urban Districts concerned environmental and transportation factors. Therefore, according to the results of the cluster analysis, Mashhad urban areas were divided into two main groups in terms of smart urban growth indices. The first group included the north and west of Mashhad; this group was consisted of regions with an acceptable level of smart urban growth indices. The second group included the east of Mashhad with a poor level of smart urban growth indices.
Conclusion and Suggestions: The results of this study indicate the unsustainable growth model of Mashhad as a metropolis. Hence, to achieve sustainable urban development, it is necessary that urban smart growth strategy be used as the dominant strategy in Mashhad urban development. For this purpose, given the differences of various Districts of Mashhad with respect to the level of smart urban growth indices, it is necessary to give priority to Districts with poor indices, such as Districts 4, 5 and 6.