sadegh shirian

Several laboratory markers derived from a complete blood count (CBC) have been proposed as potential indicators for assessing the risk of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). However, limited and conflicting evidence exists regarding this association. This study aimed to evaluate the role of CBC parameters in CVT development and their link to disease characteristics.

This case-control study included patients diagnosed with CVT between March 2018 and March 2021. All participants with CVT were registered in the organized registry system at the Neurology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (CVT registry code: 9001013381). The control group consisted of age- and sex-matched individuals without systemic diseases. CBC results from the control group and the first recorded hospital CBC of the patient group were collected.

The study included 295 patients with CVT [49 with idiopathic CVT (iCVT) and 246 with secondary CVT (sCVT)] and 341 healthy individuals. Among the CVT group, 72.54% were women. Patients with CVT had higher red cell distribution width (RDW) and lower red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and hematocrit compared to the non-CVT group. In iCVT cases, male gender, RBC count, Hb levels, and hematocrit were notably higher compared to sCVT cases. Logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, smoking, and higher hematocrit values were associated with increased probability of iCVT.

The study suggests that certain CBC parameters may serve as potential markers for assessing CVT risk and differentiating between iCVT and sCVT cases. Validation and further research are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Patients with sarcoidosis were found to have a higher risk of lung cancer compared to the general population. Being aware of all possible associations between these two diseases and identification of biomarkers such as miRNA profiles can be helpful in differentiating the mechanisms of these two diseases, which can aid in clinical decision-making.

The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of selected miRNAs (miR-192 miR-221, miR-15) in lymph nodes of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and control group (n = 30 per groups) by qRT-PCR.

Relative expression of miR-221 in sarcoidosis and NSCC patients was higher than in the control group. Furthermore, the relative expression of miR-15 in patients with sarcoidosis and NSCLC tissue was lower than in the control group. Interestingly, miR-192 is differentially expressed in sarcoidosis and NSCLC patients compared to the control group.

The obtained results suggest that the studied miRNAs may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications, but further research is necessary to fully understand their roles in these diseases.

Neurological diseases, including brain trauma, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), are leading causes of disability worldwide, particularly among the elderly. NDDs represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by pathological protein accumulation, synaptic and neural network dysfunction, disrupted proteostasis, cytoskeletal abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, DNA and RNA defects, inflammation, and neuronal cell death. A key feature of NDDs is oxidative stress (OS), driven by excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating OS and alleviating symptoms of neurological diseases. Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant, has garnered attention for its therapeutic potential. Chemically classified as a xanthophyll carotenoid (C₄₀H₅₂O₄), astaxanthin exhibits a range of biological activities, including antioxidant, DNA repair, stress tolerance, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and skin-protective effects. By targeting the three key pathways involved in neurodegeneration—OS, inflammation, and apoptosis—astaxanthin may contribute to the prevention, symptom reduction, and treatment of neurological diseases.

Considering its significant therapeutic potential, this review summarizes the effects of astaxanthin on neurological disorders, highlighting its role in neuroprotection and disease management.

Cancer is a disease caused by manifestation and abnormal gene expression. Many of the genes that inhibit cancer by the microRNAs. The aim of this study was to investigate the Expression of miR155 gene and CEA and VEGF proteins as Diagnostic Markers in Early Stages of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).

Fifty pairs of non-small lung cancer specimens of patients from healthy and tumors specimens were collected based on physical examination and diagnosis of an expert, that, in Masih Daneshvari Hospital. 50 healthy volunteers as a control group were volunteered by the physician after examination and filled out the consent form in this study. From all subjects, 6 ml of peripheral blood were taken and examined by Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) and ELISA.

The expression level of miR-155 in patients was significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.001). VEGF protein was positive in 34 of the 50 patients and in healthy subjects, 3 persons were positive. The statistical comparison of the amount of positive biomarker was performed in two groups and it was shown that there is a statistically significant difference between these two groups (P<0.001). CEA protein was positive in 38 of the 50 patients and 5 in healthy subjects were positive. The statistical comparison of the amount of positive biomarker was performed in two groups and it was shown that there is a statistically significant difference between these two groups (P<0.001).

This study showed that miR155 gene and CEA and VEGF proteins are relatively good markers for the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients in Iranian population.

This study aimed to evaluate the restorative effect of chitosan hyaluronic acid scaffold (CHAS) with and without mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the wound healing process in rats. The different wound treatment groups were as follows: no treatment or control (C), wound treatment with CHAS, wound covering with CHAS with MSCs. The wound healing effect was measured by measuring the wound area in each mouse on days 3, 5, 9, and 14. Then, for histopathological evaluation in the above days, each wound and 5 mm of normal skin tissue around each wound were separated and fixed. The results demonstrated that on the third and fifth days after the wound formation, the area of the remaining wound in the CHAS group was significantly smaller than the CHAS with MSCs but no significant difference was observed in the group C. Also, the area of the remaining wound on the ninth and fourteenth days in the studied groups did not show a significant difference. However, on day 14, the mean wound area in the CHAS group with MSCs was smaller than the other two groups. Histological examinations of the wound site were studied in terms of collagen arrangement, inflammation, vascular formation, granulation tissue, and epithelial regeneration. Studies in terms of collagen arrangement, granulation tissue formation, and vascular formation showed that on the third day. There was a significant difference between the groups, while no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of inflammation and epithelial regeneration on the studied days. All these results demonstrate that there is no significant difference between the CHAS group and the CHAS group with MSCs as well as in group C.

Biodegradable plastics play a critical role in reducing the build-up of solid wastes. Increasing efforts have been made to develop non-degradable and chemically degradable products to replace current plastics. Polycaprolactone (PCL), an aliphatic polyester and biocompatible thermoplastic, is the "green" material and one of the most promising and widely used materials with the most significant development potential. This biodegradable plastic is utilized in various applications including medication release monitoring, tissue processing, bone scaffolding, bag shielding, and composting. This study provides a summary of the latest PCL-based biomaterial architectures and their uses, including drug delivery, various organ tissue engineering applications, biodegradation, and PCL safety. It is also concluded that combining PCL with other materials to create nanocomposites enhances the properties of the resultant products and broadens the range of applications.

Melatonin and L-carnitine are free radical scavengers with antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties that improve oocyte development.

This study aimed to find the possible effect of combining 2 antioxidant agents of melatonin and L-carnitine on oocyte morphology, maturation, apoptosis, and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) genes in a mice model. 

To overstimulation, 60 female NMRI mice were injected intraperitoneally using mare serum gonadotropin. On day 2 post-injection, 70 cumulus-oocyte complexes were collected from each mouse. The collected oocytes randomly were then divided into 4 groups including, the control, melatonin, L-carnitine, melatonin + L-carnitine groups. The morphology and maturation rate of the oocytes was evaluated using a light microscope. Apoptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and the expression of BMP-15 and growth and differentiation factor GDF-9 genes was also evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Oocyte diameter significantly was increased in combination treatment of L-carnitine and melatonin compared to other groups (p < 0.05). L-carnitine group showed the highest mean percentage of oocyte cytoplasmic pattern. Results of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling indicated that the lowest apoptosis rate belonged to the melatonin + L-carnitine group. Moreover, the combination groups showed the highest number of oocytes and maturation rate. The BMP-15 and GDF-9 genes were significantly upregulated in all treatment groups compared to the control group.

Our results suggested a combination of melatonin + L-carnitine administration as a more effective choice for in vitro promotion of oocyte maturation.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, that poses a significant health challenge in industrialized societies. Primarily associated with aging, AD frequently leads to dementia and is characterized by cognitive decline, synaptic dysfunction, and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles within the brain. Key pathological features of this disease include the destruction of neuronal synapses, necrosis of brain cells, and the extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, forming amyloid plaques. The neuropathology of AD is complex, involving mixed proteinopathy. This is characterized by the deposition of Aβ in the brain tissues as amyloid plaques and the formation of tau-related neurofibrillary tangles within neurons, often accompanied by cerebral amyloid angiopathy. From an anatomical view, AD is commonly associated with moderate atrophy of structures within the subcortical structures. Moreover, the frontal and temporal cortices often exhibit pronounced atrophy and ventricular enlargement. However, the primary motor and sensory cortices generally remain unaffected in the majority of AD cases. Physiologically, the pathogenesis of AD is complex and involves various mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death, genetic mutations, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and dysregulation of metal ion homeostasis.

Understanding the anatomical, physiological, and pathological changes that occur in AD is crucial for advancing awareness of the disease’s progression and for improving diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies. This review explores these alterations across various brain regions to provide a comprehensive perspective on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition leading to complete or partial sensory and motor dysfunction. Currently, drug therapy, surgical decompression, and postoperative rehabilitation are the main potential treatments for SCI. Due to the complexity of the pathological microenvironment of SCI, there is no fully effective treatment approach. Investigations on SCI treatment are increasing to find drugs or methods that can help patients with SCI. In experimental studies, stem cell-based therapy and their derived exosomes, as well as certain drugs, hold significant promise for SCI treatment. This review study focuses on the latest advancements in SCI treatment. Data were collected from the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases.

Compared to stem cells, exosomes offer advantages, such as neuroprotection, low immunogenicity, ease of storage and transport, axonal regeneration, small size that avoids capture by lung and liver tissues, and the ability to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier. Biomaterials provide a supportive microenvironment, while exosomes and stem cells continuously release growth factors to help in various pathological conditions, such as SCI.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by serious both motor and sensory disability of the limbs below the injured segment. It is the most traumatic disorder among central nervous system (CNS) conditions which not only leads to psychological and physical harm to patients but also results in a dramatic loss in the life quality. Many efforts have been developed to find a therapeutic approach for SCI; however, an effective treatment has not yet been found. The lack of effective treatment approach and rehabilitation of SCI underscores the need to identify novel approaches. Tissue engineering associated with stem cells has been recently introduced as an effective treatment approaches for traumatic SCI. Although, low survival rates, immune rejection, cell dedifferentiation, and tumorigenicity have been addressed for tissue engineering. Regenerative medicine is an interdisciplinary field developing and applying tissue engineering, stem cell (SC) therapy, and SC-derived extracellular vesicle therapy that aims to provide reliable and safe ways to replace injured tissues and organs. The application of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) has recently attracted attention to improve central nervous system dysfunction such as SCI, mainly by promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis.

In this review article the latest information of SCI improvement using stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles published data in the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Pub Med databases were collected. 

The data collected show that MSC-EVs, including exosomes, alone or in combination with scaffolds can can regenerate the injured nerve in SCI.

This study summarizes the efficacy of MSC-EVs, including exosomes, alone or in combination with scaffolds in the treatment of SCI and then discusses the therapeutic outcomes observed in SCI experimental models following treatment with MSC-EVs alone or loaded on scaffolds in particular collagen-based scaffolds.

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) cause several disruptions in the neuronal function in the brain, resulting in cognitive disorders as well as motor neuron disabilities. Although several factors contribute to the development of these diseases, nutrients could play an important role in their pathogenesis. Nutritional deficiencies or imbalances in vitamins regulation may influence neurological metabolism and lead to abnormal functions in the brain, such as oxidative stress production, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein accumulation (Synuclein, β amyloid plaques). This may eventually lead to ND. Water- and fat-soluble vitamins not only may prevent Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases but also have therapeutic effects on these diseases via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, some studies indicate that vitamin function does not influence on prevention of ND.

Regarding to neurological protection role of water- and fat-soluble vitamins, in this review article, we have summarized the role of the neuroprotective effects of vitamins on ND.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived exosomes (MSC-DE) have been demonstrated to be potential candidates for the treatment of rat spinal cord injury (SCI). The effect of AD-MSC and AD-MSC-DE encapsulated into collagen and fibrin hydrogels on the treatment of SCI in a rat animal model was investigated for introducing a new effective SCI treatment method The AD-MSC-DE was isolated using ultra-centrifugation at 100,000×g for 120 min and characterized by different methods. Fibrin and collagen hydrogels were synthesized and then mixed with AD-MSC-DE suspension. the characterized AD-MSC-DE were encapsulated into collagen and fibrin hydrogels. eighteen adult male Wister rats were randomly classified into 3 equal groups (n=6): the control group (SCI rat without treatment), SCI rat treated with either AD-MSC-DE encapsulated in collagen hydrogel or encapsulated in fibrin hydrogel groups. the treatment approaches were evaluated using clinical, histological, and molecular assays. The AD-MSC-DE encapsulated into fibrin and collagen groups showed better clinical function than the control group. The AD-MSC-DE encapsulated into fibrin and collagen also improved SCI-induced polio and leuko-myelomalacia and leads to higher expression of NF protein than the control group. In the AD-MSC-DE encapsulated into collagen and fibrin leads to up-regulation the mean levels of NEFL (23.82 and 24.33, respectively), eNOS (24.31 and 24.53, respectively), and CK19 mRNAs (24.23 and 23.98, respectively) compared to the control group. The AD-MSC-DE encapsulated within ECM-based hydrogel scaffolds such as collagen and fibrin can regenerate the injured nerve in SCI rats and reduce spinal cord lesion-induced central neuropathic pain.

 The COVID-19 disease is an emerging infectious disease that appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. An uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response is one of the primary mechanisms causing death in this disease. In this study, the expression levels of some inflammatory cytokines, vitamin D, and some hematological and biochemical parameters were compared in patients with severe COVID-19 and mild types.

 In this cross-sectional study, 60 blood samples were taken from 30 severe coronavirus patients and 30 mild coronavirus patients. The expression levels of cytokines such as IL (interleukin)-6, interferon (IFN)-α, IL-12, transforming growth factor (TGF) β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evaluated using Real-time PCR. A T-test was used for Statistical Analysis.

IL-6, IFN-α, IL-12, TGF-β, IL-8, and TNF-α cytokines in the peripheral blood of severe patients, were positive in 28/30 (93.33%), 27/30 (90%), 24/30 (80%), 25/30 (83.33%), 26/30 (86.66%), and 27/30 (90%) respectively. The positive rate of these cytokines in the mild patients were 20/30 (66.67%), 21/30 (70%), 18/30 (60%), 17/30 (56.67%), 19/30 (63.33%), 18/30 (60%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these two groups in terms of cytokines biomarkers. A significant difference was found between both groups in terms of the serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the mean number of lymphocytes and neutrophils as well as the mean percentage of neutrophils/ lymphocytes ratio (NLR).

 The expression of cytokine genes and their release into the peripheral blood was increased in both severe and mild patients with COVID-19. However, they were more intense in patients with severe symptoms than those with mild symptoms and can cause inflammatory and even destructive reactions. Vitamin D deficiency plays no role in causing severe COVID-19 in patients without risk factors. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by elevated serum levels of LDH and NLR≥3.45.

Fracture repair is a complex biological process that requires the cooperation of various types of cells and materials. Today, various techniques such as low-density pulse ultrasonography and electrical stimulation are used to accelerate bone healing. The therapeutic effects of ozone on bone repair have been considered in recent years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozone gas on the speed of full-thickness bone defect healing. We selected 30 male weight equal rabbits and, in aseptic surgery, resected a 3-mm-thick piece of full-thickness of bone. Then we divided randomly them into two equal groups, the control, and the recipient. In the first, second, third, and sixth weeks of the radiographed bones were obtained. Also, in the third, sixth, and eighth weeks of each group, 5 rabbits were euthanized and their bones were histopathologically evaluated. Results from the second to sixth weeks of the study showed a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group. This difference was indicative of an increase in the rate of bone healing in the treatment group. Ozone therapy can therefore be considered effective in bone healing.

Central nervous system (CNS) lesions are created by the destruction of nerve cells and neural tissue following trauma, bleeding, and inflammation, which can lead to permanent paralysis disability, or death. Many researchers are trying to find effective approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease (ND) through the application of various stem cells. Although they have recently made important advancements in treating CNS injuries, no definite cure has been found for ND. In the present study, the role of stem cells in the treatment of ND has been reviewed. An overview is provided of the types and characteristics of various stem cells as well as their advantages and disadvantages in treating ND.

Different types of stem cells with high potential for resolving neural system problems are currently increasing the hope of using new therapies to treat ND. Despite the high cost of treatment and potential side effects, stem cell treatments face numerous challenges, and further research is needed to improve stem cell efficiency in clinical environments.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a range of neurologic conditions associated with neuron death, mostly with no effective treatment. The early and accurate diagnosis of NDs is very important. Late and/or inaccurate diagnosis of NDs leads to making a mistake in treatment and increasing the patient’s cost. The clinical challenge of NDs includes the inability to make a definitive diagnosis in the early stages of the disease and difficulties in predicting disease progression. In recent years, several attempts have been made to identify and confirm the biomarkers of NDs, including genetic, biofluid, and imaging-based variants. Most often employed genetic biomarkers are genetic mutations that induce a specific neurological illness. DNA and RNA biomarkers are associated with detecting familial forms of NDs. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid indicators are commonly utilized to diagnose NDs. It is noteworthy that imaging-based biomarkers have made significant advances and can be enormously useful for early diagnosis.

Choosing several suitable biomarkers concurrently in pharmaceutical research and clinical trials for NDs help to accelerate the identification and evaluation of treatment efficacy in NDs. The present study has focused on the types and applications of biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Busulfan, a chemotherapy agent, is widely administrated for treatment of lymphoma and leukemia as well as bone transplantation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant effects of L-carnitine on sperm parameters and anti-oxidant enzymes activity (SOD and catalase), and MDA concentration in the busulflan- impaired testis tissue of rat animal model. A total of 24 Wistar rats, 220-250g, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups including the busulfan, busulfan+L-carnintine, Sham, and control groups. Busulfan was diluted in DMSO and intra-peritoneally (IP) administrated in two doses 25 and 10 mg/kg with 14-day interval in the busulfan and busulfan+L-carnitine groups. Administration of L-carnitine was daily started 1day after busulfan injection for 28day. The sham and control groups daily received DMSO, and PBS, respectively. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized and the semen was collected from the epididymis and the testicular tissues were removed to assess sperm parameters and biochemical analysis including SOD, catalase and MDA. The highest sperm parameters were belonged to control followed by sham, busulfan+L-carnitine and busulfan groups. The highest level of MDA and the lowest SOD and catalase activity was belonged to busulfan followed by busulfan+L-carnitine, sham and control groups. In conclusion, administration of L-carnitine can attenuate busulfan-induced stress oxidative injuries of sperm parameters in rats.

Diabetes is one of the metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, with many complications. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a significant complication of diabetes. Various therapy procedures have been recently described for DFU improvement.

Using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to discover the therapeutic effects of bee products, this review study was conducted in 2018-2019 by searching PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases.

Cell therapies with various cell candidates such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly introduced into routine medical care to manage skin wounds. The applying of these cells for tissue regeneration was initially based on the capability of MSCs to differentiate into specialized cells within the injured tissue. Paracrine signaling and differentiation mechanisms have both been contributed to improving tissue repair by MCSs. However, the role of MSCs differentiation is less due to the poor survival of these cells at the site of injury.

At the same time, paracrine signaling or their secretome is the primary mechanism of MSCs that stimulate neovascularization and re-epithelialization and mobilization of inhabitant stem cells. In this review study, we discuss the role of MSCs and their secretome that can improve the use of this new approach in treating ulcers and DFU.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurological disease with unknown etiology that causes demyelination and axonal damage through the activation of the immune system and entry of leukocytes into the CNS. Although various genetic and environmental factors have been proposed for the initiation and progression of MS, exact mechanisms that cause this disorder are not known. In recent years, the role of non- coding RNAs (ncRNA) has been extensively investigated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including CNS disorders. A subgroup of ncRNAs that have a length of more than 200 nucleotides is called long non- coding RNAs or lncRNAs. The Discovery of lncRNAs and their role in gene expression regulation has opened a new area of research in cell biology as well as in studies that focus on disease mechanisms. Several investigations have suggested that lncRNAs regulate immune cells and immunological processes, including those affecting CNS disorders. This review article is focused on the role of lncRNA in the pathogenesis of MS.

lncRNAs regulate gene expression and cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. lncRNAs are important players in human health and disease. They are also involved in the activation and functioning of innate and adaptive immune cells and hence in immune- related disorders. Understanding the type and function of lncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of MS can promote the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disease leading to poor quality of life.

The regenerative effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) encapsulated into fibrin, and collagen hydrogel scaffolds on a rat model of SCI was investigated using clinical and histopathological examinations.

A total of 18 adult male Wistar rats (250 - 300 g) were prepared and randomly divided into three equal groups, each with six rats, including the control or SCI group (SCI contusion model without treatment), SCI contusion model treated with AD-MSCs encapsulated in fibrin hydrogel, and SCI contusion model treated with AD-MSCs encapsulated in collagen hydrogel groups. Clinically, functional recovery or hindlimb locomotor activity was assessed using Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan's (BBB) scoring system four weeks post-treatment. The rats were sacrificed at week four post-treatment, and their spinal cords were examined histopathologically.

Faster functional recovery indicated with hindlimb locomotor activity was seen in both treatment groups compared to the control group. Severe polio and leuko-myelomalacia associated with disruption of spinal cord structure were identified in the control group. Mild polio and leuko-myelomalacia associated with mild to moderate disruption of spinal cord structure were seen in the collagen hydrogel + AD-MSCs and fibrin hydrogel + AD-MSCs groups.

AD-MSCs encapsulated into fibrin and collagen hydrogels, as two of the most promising ECM-based or natural scaffolds have the potential to be developed in neural tissue engineering (NTE), such as for the treatment of SCI.

Tissue engineering is a new way of replacing degraded tissue components with biodegradable polymers, which is provided as a three-dimensional scaffold for stem cell growth and proliferation. In the present study, effect of chitosan scaffold and the hyaluronic acid (HA) effects on wound healing in rats was used to evaluate. For this purpose, ?? rats weighing ??? to ??? g were prepared and divided into three groups of twenty. After surgical preparation, the skin of each animal's in spinal cord region completely thickeness with a diameter of ? mm by skin punch was removed. The Group ? was considered as negative control, the group two chitosan and in the group three, chitosan with hyaluronic acid was used. Then, at ?, ?, ? and ?? days after surgery, the lesions were examined macroscopically. Then, for histopathological evaluation, tissue sections were prepared from the lesion sites and the healing process was evaluated. The results showed that the wound area in the chitosan + HA group was significantly less than the control group on the third and ninth day after wound healing. The wound area on the ??th day was significantly lower in the chitosan and chitosan + HA groups than the control group. Histologic results of wound healing in terms of collagen formation, inflammation, vascularization, granulation tissue and epithelial remodeling showed improvement in healing process in chitosan and chitosan groups with hyaluronic acid compared to control group. The chitosan + HA group was better than the chitosan group. In general, according to the results, chitosan scaffold with hyaluronic acid can accelerate wound healing, epithelialization, increase angiogenesis and collagen formation and reduce inflammation. And can be referred to as biological dressing.Keywords: Chitosan, Hyaluronic Acid, Wound Healing, Rat

Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are chromosomal fragments with abnormal structures found in patients with fertility problems and developmental delay. They may be detected in amniotic cell karyotypes. sSMCs are categorized as hereditary or de novo. Here, we describe a case of prenatal de novo 4q11q12 sSMC and its molecular cytogenetic features which had no apparent phenotypic abnormality.

The fetus of a 36-yr-old pregnant woman was detected positive for Down’s syndrome (trisomy 21) at the 16th wk of gestation. Quantitative Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction technique was applied for the rapid detection of numerical aneuploidy of chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18, and 21 microsatellites. Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) technique was also conducted following the karyotype analysis of amniotic cells. The karyotype analysis was also done for the parents. Quantitative Fluorescent polymerase chain reaction result revealed a male fetus with a normal chromosomal pattern, while the amniocentesis karyotype analysis identified a male fetus with a marker chromosome (47, XY, +mar), and the sSMC were existing in 100% of amniocyte metaphase spreads. The parents’ normal karyotypes indicated that the sSMC was de novo. Array CGH analysis revealed a 6.48-Mb duplication at 4q11q12. Eventually, the parents decided to terminate the pregnancy by legal abortion.

Our study highlights the importance of the application of array CGH in combination with karyotype analysis for rapid and precise prenatal diagnosis of partial aneuploidy region.

 Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of cancer death in women. The thoracic pectoral nerve (PECS) block has been described as the gold standard analgesic modality for BC surgery. It has been previously reported that PECS is associated with decreased BC recurrence post-mastectomy. Although several anesthetic drugs and techniques are used in surgical oncology, their effects on the behavior of cancer cells are yet to be known and the key question of whether the anesthetic technique affects cancer outcome remains unresolved.

 Since anesthetic drugs and techniques and post-operative pain may affect BC recurrence, this study aimed to determine whether the anesthetic choice and technique, PECS II block, affects in vitro apoptosis of the MDA-MB-231 BC cell line.

 Twenty-two female BC patients, 20 to 75-years-old, with the same pathologic grades were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received propofol general anesthesia (PGA) associated with PECS and the second group received standard PGA. Blood was sampled pre and post-operation from all patients. The sera were isolated and then exposed to the MDA-MB-231 human BC cell line. The mean percentage of apoptosis indices was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate 24 hours after treatment with patients’ sera.

 A significant decrease was seen in the mean viability percentage of BC cell line in the PECS group, besides a significant increase in the mean percentage of necrosis and late apoptosis indices compared to the control group after exposure to sera collected from patients post-operation. Intra-group analysis of the control group showed that the exposure of the tumoral cell to post-operation sera resulted in a significant increase in the mean percentage of necrosis and late apoptosis index compared to pre-operation sera exposure. In the PECS group, the exposure of the tumoral cell to post-operation sera resulted in a significant increase in the mean percentage of cell viability and late apoptosis index compared to pre-operation sera exposure.

 In conclusion, anesthesia and BC surgery may induce apoptosis indices in the MDA-MB-231 human BC cell line. We also found that sera collected from PECS II block patients with BC could induce more apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line compared to collected sera from systemic analgesia alone after BC surgery.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a severe type of brain tumors with very poor prognosis and a median survival time of about 15 months. To identify new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches, novel methods are crucial to treat GBM, based on the biological and molecular nature of these tumors. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively used with the aim of developing accurate molecular therapies, due to their emerging role in the regulation of cancer-related genes. miRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNA species, have vital roles across various biological processes, which may serve as diagnostic and prognostic tools in GBM.

This review indicated that miRNAs signatures could be used for developing new molecular therapies to enhance the survival of GBM patients. On the other hand, miRNAs regulate a wide range of cellular functions, allowing them to modulate many pathways critical to GBM progression, including proliferation, cell death, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance.

It has been suggested the neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) are one of the main factors that play a role in progress or control of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been recently shown that exercises increase the NCAM expression in myofibres. This study aimed to investigate the effect of forced and voluntary training on the accumulation of NCAM-PSA in the neuromuscular junction in soleus muscles in pre and post-induction periods of an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model.

A total of 40 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups including, induced control groups without EAE induction, induced EAE without training, induced EAE with forced, and voluntary training groups. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (200 μg in saline) was injected subcutaneously at the base of the tail of each mouse. Forced and voluntary pieces of training were done using a swimming program and treadmill, respectively. The mice were euthanized and the soleus muscles were then isolated for investigation of protein expression using IHC. 

In the control group, a significant increase in the mean percentage expression of NCAM-PSAin pre and post-soleus muscle was detected compared to the EAE with and without training as well as EAE without intervention group. The mean expression level of NCAM-PSA in the pre and post-soleus muscle were significantly increased in rat with treadmill group compared to the swimming group. The lowest expression was detected in EAE without intervention.

The findings of the present study showed that voluntary training increases the expression levels of NCAM-PSA in the neuromuscular junction of the soleus muscle. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of NCAM-PSA expression changes following exercise on muscular function in MS.