saeed malmasi

Predicting the future development of the city has an essential role in achieving sustainable development. There is a direct relationship between land use changes and emission of pollutants. The present study used satellite images, remote sensing models, and geographic information systems to predict land use changes in Qazvin City. In the first step, the Principle Component Analysis was used to summarize the data and highlight the similarities and differences between the different bands. Then, the land use map for each of the studied years (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020) was drawn using the Land Change Modeler analysis, and the land use changes between 1990 and 2020 were calculated. The findings show a severe decline in agricultural land and green space as a result of their conversion into constructed land. 735.66 hectares of these lands were destroyed during the study period and turned into constructed lands. If this trend continues until 2025, another 69 hectares will be destroyed. Converting agricultural lands and green spaces to residential, commercial, and industrial greatly increases the potential for pollutant emissions. These changes are associated with an increase in greenhouse gases in urban areas. This development should be based on green infrastructure especially the use of renewable energies and the management of freshwater.

In order to preserve diversity of habitats and wildlife, it is inevitable to select the suitable conservation areas representing biodiversity. One of the ways to select conservation areas with high biodiversity is to use Marxan software. The aim of this study was to determine suitable conservation patches with high biodiversity by Marxan software and to identify conservation patches under the pressure of pollutant hotspots in the coastal area at the western part of Hormozgan Province.

In order to identify the conservation areas with high biodiversity, simulated annealing algorithm of Marxan software was used in two scenarios and for this purpose, 36 protection criteria were examined. ArcGIS 10.3 software was also employed to determine the distributions of plant and animal species, as conservation criteria, pollutant hotspots and the existing protected areas. The conservation patches under the pressure of pollutant hotspots were identified by integrating the results of the selected scenario into the map of pollutant sources.

Results of Marxan software which was done in 2020, revealed that the selected conservation areas and the existing areas protected by the Department of Environment were not compatible in terms of biodiversity conservation, nearly 801349 hectares was required to protect 50% of each conservation criterion (second scenario), and the pressure of industrial centers on the eastern and central parts of Kal-Mehran basin should be reduced.

Since the second scenario covered all the conservation criteria, except for one criterion, it was considered as the best scenario for achieving the conservation goals. Integration of the results from the second scenario into the map of pollutant resources indicated that the conservation patches at the eastern and central parts of the study area were under pressure. Therefore, it was recommended to expand the current protected areas towards the western parts of the study area.

Urban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of children. In this regard, given that children are considered the creators of the next generations; proper p planning and design of the urban environment suitable for children's lives is very important in moving the human society towards a healthy and desirable society. For this purpose, the present study was written with the aim of identifying the influential components on management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and exploratory in nature, and data analysis has been done using Delphi method (15 elites and managers) and application of cross-impact analysis technique in Micmac software.

The findings show that the most effective among the investigated components in the direction of safe urban environment management and planning with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis is related to components of rules of respect for children's views (application and integration of children's views in urban planning and design in terms of various physical, mental and behavioral aspects), the right to life and maximum child development (suitable legal measures to reduce urban pollution) and environmental quality (suitability of sidewalks and streets for use by children).

Considering the current situation and the lack of key and strategic components affecting on development of system, the future of management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the approach of child-friendly city will be undesirable in Tehran metropolis.
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 Fire risk management is a global issue, and urban safety policies must take it seriously. One of the fields of research for controlling urban fires is to identify critical fire points in the region; Insufficient knowledge of these points will cause the occurrence and spread of fire in various areas and uses, delays in controlling it, and causing financial losses and personal injury as well as environmental pollution. Fire risk zoning with the aim of being used in planning and management in urban fire control has not been considered in the study area of this research and no research has been done in this field in the form of research and study plan. The purpose of this study is to determine and identify the criteria for fire risk zoning in the study area, to create a fire risk map based on the logistic regression method and compliance with the fire reality map, and also to present fire management programs and fire crisis management in Kashan.

 The steps and techniques used in this study were performed in six steps. The first step is to identify the effective criteria and indicators. Using library studies, information obtained from authoritative articles, and also through the Delphi method in order to collect the opinions of experts, the Likert scale was used. In the second step, the screening of criteria was done in accordance with the purpose. The effective criteria in this study are vulnerable factors including (population density, industrial units, commercial-warehouse, high-rise buildings, old tissue, and fuel station) as well as the capacity of reducing factors. (Fire station, roads, and hydrant valves). In the next step, the layers were standardized using fuzzy logic. At first, the distance function was performed on the criteria in SELVA IDRISI to determine the distance from each phenomenon. Then, by the fuzzy method, all the criteria determined in the range of zero to 255 were standardized. The type of function used in the fuzzy logic approach is linear, and the selection of the function type and thresholds was based on a review of sources and expert opinion. In order to analyze the spatial relationship between fire incidents that occurred in the city and the role of effective factors in its occurrence, all fire points of the last 10 years in the city from 2010 to 2020 were extracted and turned into a raster map. In the fifth step, a Fire hazard map was prepared using logistic regression. After determining the validity of the logistic regression model using the specified indicators, the fire risk zoning map of Kashan was drawn. In the last step, Chi-Square, ROC, and Pseudo R Square were used to validate the logistic regression model.

Advantages of using the logistic regression model In addition to modeling observations, it is possible to predict the probability of each person belonging to each of the levels of dependent variables and the possibility of directly calculating the odds of variables using the maximum likelihood of maximum model coefficients. Also, compared to other statistical techniques, multivariate such as multiple regression analysis and diagnostic analysis, the dependent variable can have only two variables, one is the probability of an accident and the other is its non-occurrence. In order to analyze the spatial relationship between fire incidents that occurred in the city and the role of effective factors in its occurrence, all fire points of the last 10 years in the city from 2010 to 2020 were extracted and turned into a raster map. The output of the logistic regression model has coefficients between 0 and 1, with a probability higher than 0.5 of a value of one (occurrence of fire) and a probability of less than 0.5 of a value of zero (no occurrence of fire) and thus a boolean map of risk is generated. This logarithmic change causes the predicted probability to be continuous in the range of 0 to 1, and the output of the model to be presented as a spatial prediction map of the probability of destruction. Then, in the logistic regression equation, this layer was introduced as a dependent variable and the effective parameters in fire zoning were introduced as an independent variable. After entering the data into the logistic regression statistical model, model coefficients were extracted using effective parameters in IDRISI software. After determining the validity of the logistic regression model using the specified indicators, a fire risk zoning map of Kashan was drawn. Finally, in terms of fire risk potential, the study area was divided into 5 classes: very low, low risk, medium, very high, and high risk. The area of each of the 5 classes was obtained in hectares and the percentages were 87475.47, 4669.03, 132115, 1116.33, 788.96 hectares, and 90.94, 4.85, 2.19, 1.16, 0.82 percent, respectively.

 The value of 0.95 obtained from ROC indicates a very high correlation between the independent and dependent variables. The value of the qi index is twice equal to 110836.07; Since its value is much higher than the threshold value, then the null hypothesis of all coefficients is also rejected. The value of the PR2 test in this study was 0.47, so the logistic regression model had an acceptable fit.

Climate change in lakes and reservoirs is one of the most critical issues facing human society today. Rising temperatures, melting ice in the North Pole, and the disappearance of ice sheets in Antarctica are some of the effects of climate change on earth. The present study intends to evaluate the trend of climate parameter changes in Abadeh Tashk station in Tashk catchment area using the Mann-Kendall test and using canESM2 output, one of the paired climate change models 1CMIP5 based on RCP 2.6 scenarios. And RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 to evaluate temperature changes in the period 1990-2020-2100 temperature changes in Abadeh Tashk station. The results showed that the decreasing trend of precipitation is significant but the temperature and evaporation trends are not significant. Scenario results showed that the average maximum temperature in the three scenarios for the study period will increase. Given that the general trend of rising temperatures is on the rise, it can be said that the trend of climate change in the basin is serious.

Cities, as population centers, face increasingly diverse environmental problems. Hence, there is an urgent need for a healthy environment by eliminating the emission of various life-threatening air pollutants with different origins. The present study aimed to determine the air pollution zones using the AERMOD model and provide a strategic management plan to reduce air pollution in District 2 of Tehran, Iran.

In this study, the air pollutant dispersion was evaluated by the AERMOD model exploiting spatial analysis (interpolation) and field measurements. The samples were collected from 32 places in the North, South, Central, East and West of District 2 of Tehran. Air quality indices, including ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were analyzed in the experiments. Zoning and mapping of dispersion maps and spatial analysis were performed by ArcGIS.10 software using inverse distance weighted interpolation methods in the study area.

 According to the results, the highest concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide pollutants were related to stations 28, 26, 15 and 15 with values of 10.9, 54.6, 32.8, and 31.9 ppb, corresponding to the southern, eastern, southern, and southwestern regions in Sharif, Punak, and Kuy-e Nasr neighborhoods, respectively.

  Based on the statistical tests of correlation coefficient, normalized mean error, and normalized mean bias, all the calculated results confirmed the accuracy of constructed model and that the modeling would not have sufficient accuracy and performance without the implementation of AERMAP.

Tehran is reportedly one of the most polluted cities in the world, so that a serious measure is to provide simple and practical solutions for effectively reducing and eliminating air pollution in this city. This study aimed to introduce feasible strategies to reduce air pollution in District 2 of Tehran Municipality regarding the existing conditions and facilities using a SWOT model. In the present survey research using SWOT analysis method, first the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of air quality management were identified using the opinions of experts in the study district, followed by evaluating via IFE and EFE matrix tables and determining their weighted scores. The situations of internal and external environmental factors were analyzed through a set of weighted points. Then, through SWOT matrix, air pollution management strategies were identified in the district. Finally, the obtained strategies were prioritized using QSPM. The scores from assessing internal (2.02) and external (2.66) factors revealed that air quality management of the study district is in a conservative situation. The SWOT matrix results presented 21 strategies, 6 of which were in the conservative situation. Based on the prioritization of the QSPM for 6 strategies, the highest attractiveness was related to " Implementing a comprehensive energy management plan for vehicles and industries and plan for the use of clean energy " with a total attractiveness score of 10.36 for the study district. The result showed the efficiency of SWOT matrix in air quality management of the study area.

Sustainable development is a kind of development that responds to the needs of the present generation, without threatening the future generation's capabilities in meeting their needs. So one of the most important steps to achieve sustainable development is to carry out various environmental studies before implementing any development plan.

In this study, with the aim of investigating capability and evaluation of spatial temporal variations in Yasuj, efforts have been made to implement weighted Linear Combination Technique in order to predict the capability of the region for urban development. Also satellite images were used to investigate the spatial temporal variation in Yasuj city.
Analysis

In order to investigate the amount of power and evaluation of temporal and spatial variation in urban development, the criteria and sub-criteria were determined based on experts' opinions and previous researches. Then the AHP technique assisted by 30 faculty members and experts was employed to paired comparison dimensions and criteria. After the paired comparison, the information layers were standardized in the Idrisi environment and in the GIS environment. Then the layers were combined to determine the land suitability for Urban development. Afterwards, in order to study the time-shift changes of land use in Yasuj city in the three periods of 1986, 2001, and 2016, Landsat satellite images, TM, ETM + and OLI sensors, which were prepared in the Envi 5.1 software environment, were used.

Based on the land use change trends in the Yasuj area, residential or urban areas have undergone extensive changes that affected environment uses including forests, grassland, agriculture and aquatic structures. The forest, located inside and around the city of Yasuj, provides a lot of ecosystem services for the area, which by city development, these services have been reduced both quantitatively and qualitatively, which should be considered.

The results of this study can be used as a model for selecting suitable locations for urban development with respect to environmental considerations and results of this work shown that studies based on spatial data, especially on human settlements (due to their inherent nature) can be the basis for accurate planning.

Oil and gas production is an inherently hazardous activity due to the large volume of flammable and explosive hydrocarbons stored or processed in a facility. Therefore, formal risk assessments are necessary for various phases of the asset life cycle because they help personnel identify, evaluate, and control the hazards that could result in loss of life, injury, pollution, property damage, or business disruption. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of fire and explosion (F&E) in the Gas Treating Unit of a gas refinery using the DOW’S fire and explosion index in order to examine the influence of the controlling methods. Accordingly, the important processes of the subunits in the Gas Treating Unit were identified based on the important influential parameters such as process pressure, temperature, and material value. In the next step, the most important parameters affecting the fire and explosion index were calculated for each subunit. In each case, the corresponding control methods were identified and their effects were investigated. The results revealed that 5 subunits out of the 5 studied had a severe risk of fire and explosion. The feed gas K.O DRUM (Knock-out Drum) was the most critical subunit of the Gas Treating Unit, given an F & E index value of 235.62. According to the research findings, the controlling methods could reduce the F&E index but not less than 98.7.

Cement production processes are associated with different hazards, such as health and safety hazards and environmental pollution. The current study was conducted to evaluate and determine the safety, health, and environmental risks of using FMEA and AHP techniques in the cement factories while providing certain suggestions for controlling them.

The study was conducted as a case in one cement factory in 2019. The checklists for FMEA and AHP techniques were filled out by the evaluation team. The risks were identified and prioritized. Controlled approaches were suggested for the identified risks.

In this study, 101 risk cases were evaluated and categorized in various units of the factory, such as manufacturing and service units. The results of FMEA technique showed that crushing, crushing monitoring, milling, filtration, and pre-heater sections had the highest degree of health and safety risks. The results of AHP technique also showed that the environmental pollution caused by the removal of electro filter from the circuit, electro fan burning caused by over current, the failure of the equipment and process, and the defect in the filtration system were all prioritized.

Through taking technical-engineering measures, adopting comprehensive HSE management solutions, such as changes in the work process, making replacements in parts and used machinery, installing recyclable systems, repairing and maintaining the system of air pollution protection, installing a warning and responsive system, mechanizing activities, shielding, implementing instructions and regular curriculum can greatly reduce the risk level.

Ignoring hospital wastes management has caused numerous problems. So the consequences of neglecting the management of these wastes have threatened the environment and human health. This research is done in 1394 and is a case study in Dr. Shariati hospital of Tehran. The aim was to assess the current situation of hospital wastes management system and propose practical strategies and suggestions for improving the management system of hospital wastes.

To determine the current status, after observing the place and controlling wastes management condition during 3 months a questionnaire was distributed through SWOT method and Likert scoring scale within 30 persons and its results were used to complete internal and external factors Matrix and tables of SPACE and Freeman methods.

The analyses showed scoring of external and internal factors are 2/34 and 2/61 respectively. In order to determine each external and internal factors weight more accurately, the hierarchy structure and paired comparison was established using AHP method and Expert Choice software. To set the position of the hospital, SPACE method was used and the hospital rank was in SO position. At the end, Freeman method was used to prioritize the strategies from stake holders’ point of views and “accurate wastes management” became first by +75 score.

As a result, it can be concluded that Freeman and SPACE methods are suitable and efficient for presenting strategic programs in hospital wastes management

Dam construction and development projectshave serious effects on environmental parameters. Therefore, environmental risk assessment of the dam is one of the most important aspects of environmental risk management in these projects. The purpose of this study is to provide a new model for assessing the environmental risks of dams during the construction phase. To this end, after identifying environmental risks and using the EFMEA method, the RPN for each environmental aspect was calculated and classified. The VIKOR method was used to assess and prioritize identified environmental risks. The results show that in the EFMEA method and by comparing the calculated risks, the risk of pollution of the Balarood river with, RPN 125 is the first priority. In the VIKOR method, the risk of water pollution (high, medium, low) with weight (1,300, 1,000 and 0,700) was identified as the most important risk. In this paper, EFMEA and VIKOR methods are used to assess the environmental risk of the dam. The most important modified action to reduce environmental risks is the construction and completion of wastewater treatment plants for industrial units.

vast projects such as dam building hold a wide range of potential risks on their surrounding environments in the process of construction or operation. Thus environmental risk assessment studies on dams is identified to be the most appropriate tool for specifying analyzing and evaluating these risks. This study was conducted to assess the environmental risks of dams by using SIR and VIKOR methods with the approach of post- assessment of environmental impact studies. The construction phase of the Balarood Dam in Khuzestan has been selected as the case study, and After examining the scope of studies and activities during the construction phase, the actual effects on the environment were identified. The evaluation and prioritorising of the actual effects has been identified in the while the the implementation of the project took place, using the SIR method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method. The results show that by applying this method the effects on surface water quality, quantity, the ecosystems and natural habitats with 13.5, 7.198, and 5.757 scores, were identified as the most important environmental effects in post-assessment studies of the Balarood Dam. Based on the identified factors and effects, environmental risks were identified during the construction phase and then assessment and prioritized using the VIKOR method. Based on this method, the risk of water pollution in terms of high, low and moderate terms (0.2, 0.5, 0.8 = (v), respectively, with weights of (0.700, 1.000, 1.300) was identified as the most important risk. The most important proposed corrective action to reduce Environmental impacts and risks are the creation of an industrial wastewater treatment system.

Karkheh protected area due to natural potential target evaluating nature tourism to seriously address violations using multiple criteria evaluation method of spatial zoning capability of ecotourism in the study.In this regard, based on the different documentation libraries and scientific review articles, 23 were collected by index. In this study were tried all operations for the preparation, management and analysis of data and information on the Builder environment using the Arc GIS10.5 software and techniques for network analysis process  (ANP) the areas prone to specify the nature of the evaluation and tourism. For this purpose, first, the factors affecting the process of nature tourism potential in the region and determine the required maps were prepared.Finally, using the linear combination weighting techniques (WLC) final maps user area for potential tourism development nature. The results of this study showed that 24 percent of the level region has the potential of appropriate floor (6287994 m2), 60 percent of the surface area has be medium (16162497 m2) and 16 percent of the surface area has be inappropriate (4400870 m2) for the development of the tourist nature of the user. Generally in the region of North-Eastern and central zones be more the direction of development of tourism of nature than the other zones.

Abstract In the southern part of the protected area with an area of Karkheh about 4822 ha, the area around the city of Shush and the North-Western Province of Khuzestan province is located. This study aim to Evaluation of carrying capacity in ecotourism development in the southern part of the protected area. Therefore, in order to identify after the ecological, social and cultural pressures, in a scale of 1:50000 information to Arc GIS software environment were introduced, to produce maps of the criteria and the rating they were ere. First, to produce maps of weighted criteria, and gradated criteria the following criteria and ecological, social and cultural pressures with model analysis of networking (ANP) and Super Decisions software and with the integration of ecological carrying capacity map and cultural- social carrying capacity map and finally the ecotourism carrying capacity map was prepared. The results showed that the physical carrying capacity with the most appropriate amount in be (2398401 visitors per year) and with the medium amount (12946532 visitors per year) and the cultural- social carrying capacity with the lowest amount in the appropriate potential (33534 visitors per year) and in medium potential (1136499 visitors per year) to you Have assigned. The final map indicates that 32% (14058785 m2) of the region high carrying capacity, 42% (18131157 m2) of the region medium carrying capacity and 26% (11249151 m2) of the region has a low carrying capacity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation rate of citizens in district 9 of Tehran in the field of environmental protection. In this descriptive-survey study, a library, field and questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. According to the results of the present research, the total mean of participation variables of residents in District 9 in the field of urban environmental protection was 3.1138 and the value of sig was 0.003, which indicates that citizens have sufficient participation in the field of protection from the environment. Also according to Friedman test results, citizens have the highest participation rates in the area of parks and green space protection (with an average rating of 8.47) and the lowest participation rate in the neighborhood cleaning (with an average rating of 2.81) have had. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the level of environmental participation of the citizens and the age, sex, marital status, education, and residence status. In this study, Box tests, Lambda and Wilcox and Lyon tests were used to analyze the effects between the subjects. The results showed that the level of significance was 0.001, which is smaller than the error value (0.05). The result can be inferred that the participation of citizens in Tehran's 9th district in protecting the urban environment has a significant effect.

Organizations, manufacturing and non-manufacturing companies, and development units are always associated with incidents and the need for proper risk assessment. One of these is the process of constructing subwayways that, given its nature, require special attention and the occurrence of accidents is always there. But as risk definition is clear, risk is always associated with uncertainty. Accordingly, it should be noted that the performance of risk assessment calculations should be consistent with the principles that could cover this uncertainty. One of the most prominent methods in this field is the use of fuzzy logic fuzzy calculations that can provide an appropriate response, if accompanied by expert opinions, to estimate the probable risk of accidents.
In this paper, firstly, identification of the existing occupational hazards in the construction of subway projects was carried out. Then, prioritization and ranking of identified hazards were performed based on the degree of importance of the fuzzy hierarchy analysis method, and finally using the method of analysis and the fuzzy hierarchical analysis of ranking has been done on the safety risks of the subway construction.
The results show that the main risk factors of these operations are priorities, including depletion during drilling, the collision of machinery with manpower is associated with hazards associated with shotcrete and surface water and groundwater operations.
In the present article, a new model was developed to calculate the probability of occurrence of the event, which so far has not been addressed in other studies. Finally, effective measures can be taken to reduce the risk of a project by eliminating the high risk factors.

Nowadays, environmental considerations are known to be a necessity in the country to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. In this regard, environmental impact assessment is an appropriate tool to achieve the sustainable development objectives. Thus, environmental impact assessment of constructing Tiam steel factories as a mechanism by providing the proper and reasonable techniques of human and natural resources can reduce the costs. The aim of this study is to identify and predict the environmental impacts of constructing Tiam Bistoon steel and rolling factories by using modified RIAM matrix, providing methods to reduce the harmful environmental effects and rendering corrective proceedings.
The study area is located in industrial town of Tiam Bistooon at the east of Fouman County. In this study, the prominent impacts of constructing Tiam Bistoon steel and rolling factory were investigated using modified RIAM method for analyzing the impacts of construction in two construction and operation phases.
Findings: The results of analysis showed that construction activities and dismantling workshops, earthworks and construction camps had the greatest negative impact on air quality, noise level, soil erosion and surface water resources parameters in physico-chemical environment during the construction period. In biological environment, also, vegetation density would be mostly affected by clearing activities. Moreover, land use change and decline of health indicators have been known as the most significant negative impacts on the socio-economic environment.
During the Tiam steel plant operation, the most effective activities have been identified to be combustion process, withdrawal of underground water resources, waste disposal, and transportation of raw materials and etc. which affected the regional air quality, noise level, amount of groundwater and soil characteristics. The most significant negative impact of the project, due to the gases emitted from combustion, would be on regional vegetation and habitat quality in the ecological and biological environment. Also creating job opportunities, thriving businesses and national development prosperity are the most significant positive effects of the project on the economic and social environment during the construction and operation periods. Due to the fact that most of the negative impacts of the project are in very small range, the project can be executed by applying environmental management methods and mitigation measures.

Dam projects cause serious impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these sorts of projects, risk assessment of dams is one of the most important aspects of environmental risk management. The objective of present research is using one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making methods to make the managerial decisions for determining the most important identified risks and risks occurring prevention or reduction. Therefore, activities of construction and operation of Azad dam, which is located on Kumasi River in Kurdistan province, were investigated.
Firstly, environmental risks were identified using Delphi questionnaire method and based on their criteria including importance, severity, and probable occurrence. Then the aforementioned criteria of risks were weighted by using Entropy method. In the next stage, Elimination et Choice Translating to Reality (ELECTRE) method, one of the techniques of Multi Criteria Decision Making methods (MCDM), was used for ranking of probable risks.
Findings: The results show that the most important risks of Azad dam are respectively including reduction of soil quality with the grade of 9, Kumasi River water contamination with the grade of 7 and intense reduction of organic matter and nutrients in Kumasi River flow at down side of the dam with the grade of 4.
Discussion and In this paper, environmental risk assessment of dam by using ELECTRE method to make the correct decision, making process for risk assessor and choosing the best alternative of a finite set of alternatives described in terms of evaluative criteria. Therefore, that, function of each risk was determined by ranking and create opportunity to decision maker for correct risk management and choosing the proper method for risk control.

The aim of this research is establishing healthy, safety and environment management system in construction phase of a dam in Northern Zagros zone. Methods are based on three steps. The first step is risk factor identification. In this step, it has been studied which risks are caused by activities in operation phase in the three group of physical-chemical risk, biological risk and human risk. The second step is risk assessment. The risks are introduced in three criteria, severity, probability and vulnerability, and the environmental risk parameters have been scored by using expert opinion. The risks were prioritized by using Entropy method and TOPSIS Solver 2014 software. The results have shown that in the construction phase, reduction of aquatic life, destruction of vegetation and workers fall are of high risk. Moreover, in the third step the Healthy, Safety and Environment Managment System (HSE-MS) program is proposed in five steps. The first step is policy and objective. The second step is offering environment, health and safety plan. The third step is program implementation. The fourth step is monitoring and control on program, quality air, sewage and residue. The fifth step is reviewing the program implementation problem changing the monitoring plan.

Nowadays, considering environmental issues as a necessity for construction and operation of plenty of major plans is important to achieve sustainable development in the country. In this regard, the environmental assessment is an appropriate tool to achieve the sustainable development objectives. Thus, environmental impacts assessment of establishing Tiam Bistoon Company’s steel and roll factory can reduce costs by providing the proper and reasonable techniques of human and natural resources, and so, has a great effect on short-term and long-term planning. The object of this study is comparing simple and modified RIAM methodes, by using of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) in environmental impact assessment of Tiam Bistoon Company’s steel and roll factory in two construction and operation phases; and selecting the more appropriate method in prioritization of the impacts.
In this study, at first, by reviewing the important criteria in the impact assessment methods, three criteria including the impacts identification, the results interpretation and the impacts value were selected as the important criteria. In the next step, by using of AHP and paired comparison of the criteria in two simple and modified matrixes, the priority of any particular method was determined.
The results showed that the modified matrix with a score of 0.75 was preferred compared to a simple matrix.
Bydesigningthe modified RIAM method, the environmental impact assessment becomes more accurate and sensitive by removing simple matrix problems

Petrochemical industries with regard to their activities such as processing and waste water producing & pollutant gaseous have potentially adverse impacts on the environment. In this study, impacts of petrochemical industries are considered in Mahshahr economic special zone. According to this region, majority of petrochemical industries are constructed adjacent fiords. Therefore, these industries are affecting fiords as most important and high biodiversity ecosystems. In this study, petrochemical industries impacts are analyzed by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and Expert Choice software. In this method, criteria, sub criteria and choices are prioritized and weighted by using Eigenvector software. Moreover, water analyzes results, bed and sediments sampling of fiords are considered at measuring stations of surrounded and free fiords. With regard to measured results and activities essence of petrochemical industries, five water pollutants including TSS, Oil& Grease, COD, Heavy metals and four air pollutants including SOx, NOx, CO2, H2S, Particle matters are recognized as criterion environmental pollutants. Then, pollutants compared and weighted in hierarchy tree on the basis of density and their influence on environmental parameters.
Finally, Results indicate that TSS and COD with o.326 & 0.235 weights should be reduced as most important water pollutants. Also emission of SOx and NOx are known as first importance in air pollution.

Nowadays as for increasing growth of urban population and then expedite and ungovernable development of cities، many issues and problems have been stand on human societies The assessment of change rate of urban settlements in Sari city in the past half-century shows significant increment of urban lands space over the city. Increment of urban settlements in mentioned area takes place regardless capabilities and restrictions on lands and also ecological capability assessment process of urban development which causes wide range of valuable lands to be destroyed. Ecological capability assessment process of urban development estimates possible utilization of human from land for urban development usage. The present study which is descriptive and analysis and applicable research، is done to achieve designing and using a holistic and flexible model in order to ecological capability assessment of urban development by utilizing ANP. Analysis network process is relatively a modern method in the field of environmental researches that is based on mutual influence of environmental standards and of course wisdom collective judgment. The results of present research led to offering lands zoning map of the under studding area based on Ecological capability assessment of urban development to optimize activities in order to preventing environmental imbalance.

This research was undertaken to evaluate and determine the risk of gas fluids and leakage of Persian Gulf Star Refinery on the environment in Bandar Abbas Methods and Materials: Through collection and compilation of research findings, we attempted to identify and work on factors leading to environmental risks. The risk factors were identified by HAZOP team and the risk score was calculated by multiplying the probability of intensity using the default PHA-Pro software. The intensity was calculated using Roline Geronsine. An environmental risk assessment is vital in terms of environmental safeties and protection. To determine the distribution of contamination PHAST software was used. According to the results of the assessment, seven units of the total 17 refinery units turned out to pose major hazards. In total, 28 risks factors were identified, of which 46% (12 risks) attributed to SRP. The fuel-gas unit had the minimum number of risks (1 risk, 4%). The study showed that 75% of the plant’s environmental risks were caused by failure of equipment (OR poor performance of equipment) and the rest caused by human errors. In addition, we found that 24 risk factors (85%) were in grade 3, and the rest were in grade 2. In HAZOP method, equipment and economic damages caused by unexpected events as well as the environmental damage are not of high priority, just as in the other methods of risk assessment that are based on process safety management. Hence, in this study, applying PHAST software, impacts of pollution on the region environment were identified. According to the results obtained in the Persian Gulf region, it was found that environment could be affected by unexpected events in terms of sensitivity together with PHAST output. Thus, vigorous controls need to be exercised to prevent accidents.

Petrochemical Industries are potentially capable of having impacts on environment due to the nature of these activities and the production of waste water، pollutant gaseous emissions and hazardous wastes. This case study has considered the adverse environmental impacts of petrochemical industries on existing habitats in Mahshahr Special Economic Zone with respect to the regionally significant biological diversity and ecologically valuable species. When results from regional estuary biological and physio–chemical quality sampling as well as of impacts from petrochemical industry pollutants has been analyzed and studied، the affected ecosystems have been ranked using the Analytic Hierarchy Process method، Expert Choice software and the Eigenvector technique. The study’s outcomes show that، with respect to the essence of petrochemical industry pollutants in the region، specifically waste waters including heavy metals، oil and grease، COD، TSS، along with principal standards، criteria defined in the AHP method (such as ecological value، protecting value and exposure)، estuaries represent the most affected ecosystems in the region. On the other hand، different types of fish and benthic، such as Decapods، Gastropods and Tanaida have been highly affected by the consequences of the petrochemical industry’s activities. It is concluded that deposits of heavy metals، oil and grease into the environment are the most important sources of pollution for the regional estuaries and these should be controlled.