sayyed mohammadreza davoodi

The Sharpe ratio is one of the performance evaluation criteria of the stock portfolio, which shows the return per unit of risk. This ratio is particularly important for risk-averse investors. In the current research, the hidden Markov model approach introduces a new stock portfolio model called the maximum predictability portfolio of the Sharpe ratio. The hidden Markov model used for each hidden state has a mixture of normals distribution output, which is used to calculate the return and standard deviation to calculate the Sharpe ratio in the investment horizon. The research portfolio calculates the weights of the portfolio in such a way that the Sharpe ratio is maximized in the horizon of the portfolio. The optimal research portfolio was optimized using the historical data of 10 indices from the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2018 in a four-member mode space. The evaluation of the performance of the optimal portfolio in the Sharpe ratio criterion shows that the research model has a better performance than the mean-variance model and the equal-weight model.

Traffic is a system of human activities. This phenomenon has various subsystems. These subsystems must be taken into consideration for the appropriateness of the development of improving changes and the creation of optimal mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a model of the structuring of factors affecting traffic management using the combined approach of soft systems methodology and structural-interpretive analysis. Sampling was done by snowball method from 50 people who have experienced at least 4 years in the executive-operational position in the transportation and traffic department of the provincial capitals or are currently active in this field. The data were collected through the understanding and interpretation of the researchers after reviewing the existing literature in the form of documents, documents and interviews with experts, which represents a qualitative-quantitative research with a research approach in soft operations. Using the SSM method, engineering, educational and managerial-executive factors were identified. Then, using the interpretive structure model method, these factors were leveled and their effectiveness categorized. The findings indicate that the factors in the first level, which is the most effective level, are education, executive management, engineering, university, intellectual development centers; in the second level, schools, informal social circles, family, environment, municipality; In the third level, the national media, policemen, rulers; in the fourth level, knowledge-based companies and entrepreneurs, legislators, governments, and in the fifth level, as the most influential level, the Civil and Urban Development Department, the police complex. Also, the analysis of MICMAC shows that It is that all the factors except management-executive which is in the dependent variable area, other factors are in the linked variables area.

This research aims to determine the efficiency of the green supply chain in selected Iranian home appliance companies. It is a developmental-applied research method that is in the category of mathematical modeling. The statistical population of this research includes a number of top managers and responsible experts active in the field of home appliance industry and a number of academic professors in the field of green supply chain, of which 20 people were selected as a sample. In this research, fuzzy Delphi approaches and fuzzy data envelopment analysis method have been used. Information was collected from 9 home appliance companies (selected) and analyzed. In this article, first, by reviewing the literature and interviewing science-industry experts, the criteria affecting the green supply chain management were identified, and by using the fuzzy Delphi method, a screening was carried out in two stages, and finally 7 criteria were approved. Then, using fuzzy data envelopment analysis, the ranking of the evaluated units was done. The results showed that company A has the best efficiency and the greenest supply chain, and company H has the worst efficiency, which means that it is necessary to pay more attention to companies with low efficiency. In order to show the capability of the proposed model, the developed model was compared with its equivalent basic model and the accuracy of the developed model was concluded.

The purpose of this research is to optimize the stock portfolio using the technical mean-variance method and random forest (RF). The statistical population of this research includes all companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years2011 to 2023. In this research, 40 active stocks in the stock market that had continuous and complete data were selected. In order to check the optimization of the stock portfolio, the stock price information of 5 companies admitted to the stock exchange was used. In order to optimize the mean-variance of the stock portfolio based on the analysis of technical signals, the relative strength index (RSI) of the leading indicators was used and for modeling two methods of mean-variance technical Markowitz analysis and algorithm Random forest is used. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) have been used. The obtained results show that the values ​​of the proposed indices for the technical mean-variance model network have lower values ​​compared to the RF algorithm. And this issue shows the higher accuracy of this recurrent neural network than the random forest algorithm in modeling and predicting the optimization values ​​of the stock portfolio.

 Environmental protection and green innovation are integrated into the value creation process. The objective of this research is to develop an interpretative structural model of organizational green innovation factors, grounded in the context of environmental performance within the Baghdad garment industry.

The research methodology employed was a mixed approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The statistical population comprised university professors and managers within the garment manufacturing industry in Baghdad. Purposive sampling was utilized, resulting in the selection of ten experts. The research instruments included a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire developed by the researcher. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed through the Structural-Interpretative Model (ISM) methodology.

The results of the qualitative analysis indicated that five dimensions—namely, awareness and training, motivation and reward, cooperation and interaction, evaluation and feedback, and the integration of environmental responsibility—serve as the key factors underpinning organizational green innovation in relation to environmental performance. The structural-interpretive analysis revealed that the most significant components are the implementation of reward policies aligned with environmental performance and the assurance of transparency and fairness in the distribution of rewards within the context of fostering organizational green innovation.

The systematic documentation of specific factors and criteria related to green innovation are of paramount importance for the enhancement of environmental performance.

Today, the greenness of the economy aligns with people's development in business and infrastructure, holding a special place aimed at protecting the environment while promoting economic growth and investment. In recent years, significant attention has been paid to green financing. Companies opting for green innovation may encounter higher risks due to the elevated costs associated with green technology innovation, including substantial initial investments in green projects and the spillover effects of green innovative products. Risk tolerance emerges as a critical factor in this context. However, the interplay between green financing, green innovation, and risk-taking has been underexplored in existing studies. Green innovation encompasses unique or modified systems, processes, products, and practices that provide environmental benefits and contribute to sustainability. It reflects an organization's capabilities and environmental actions. The dynamic game model serves as a powerful analytical tool to examine the choices of various stakeholders simultaneously. This study adopts a theoretical analysis framework based on two key considerations: first, using evolutionary game theory to explore how green financing influences the choice of innovation modes, explaining why it affects green innovation behavior but not general innovation behavior; second, demonstrating how market equilibrium shifts toward green innovation by accounting for firms' competitive dynamics. 

This study follows three fundamental steps: (1) identifying green components in the banking industry, (2) analyzing the impact of green financing on green innovation through game theory, and (3) examining the role of risk tolerance in green financing and innovation. Using the Delphi method, we identified effective green components within the banking sector through case studies of two Isfahan dairy companies—Pegah Isfahan and Aalist Najaf Abad—that produce homogeneous dairy products. We discuss strategy selection and dynamic evolution in green technology innovation, focusing on evolutionary equilibrium strategies. A game theory model was employed to investigate the relationship between green innovation and green financing, followed by an analysis of how companies' risk-taking behaviors influence these dynamics. Robust standard errors and cluster standard errors were utilized to estimate Tobit and Poisson models, with results presented using MATLAB software. 

The proposed game theory model demonstrates that enhanced green financing increases the likelihood of companies initially adopting green innovation modes. Additionally, our findings indicate that the positive impact of green finance on green innovation is stronger for firms with lower risk tolerance levels. Furthermore, the effect is more pronounced when enterprises exhibit reduced risk-taking tendencies. These insights offer valuable guidance for advancing green development. The conclusions remain robust across various estimation methods, explanatory variables, and sensitivity analyses.

The food packaging industry has been investigated as a case study in this study.The present study was conducted based on interpretive philosophy and with an inductive approach. Also, the present study is an applied-developmental study in terms of objective, and it is a non-experimental (descriptive) research in terms of data collection method. A qualitative research design was used to achieve the research objective. In this study, population includes professors of management and food industry managers. Purposeful sampling (snowball method) was used and theoretical saturation was achieved with 20 participants. The participants of this research include theoretical experts (university professors) and experimental experts (food industry managers). A semi-structured interview and a decision matrix-based questionnaire were used to collect data. The results of qualitative coding were validated with the Holsti method (0.717) and Cohen's Kappa (κ) (0.659). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the formal method and the reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed by estimating the internal correlation coefficient (0.815). Analysis and coding of the text of the interviews was done using the theme analysis method in MaxQDA 20. Also, structural-interpretive modeling method and MicMac can be used to determine relationships between constructs and model design in the second part. According to the results, the investigated factors and components were grouped in seven levels. These components are: Level 7 components including business resources, digital transformation leadership and digital/sustainable foresight, Level 6 components, including digital/sustainable innovation strategies, the components of level 5, including the use of new technologies in processes and operations, core digital/sustainable capabilities, and employees' digital experience, level 4 components of the model, including a new approach to food packaging industry processes, improving sustainable food packaging functions, and designing innovative food packaging, the level 3 components, including the alignment of the digital/sustainable innovation strategy with Digital/Sustainable Capability and Business Sustainability in the Digital Age, the level 2 components, including the component of improving customer experience (digital/sustainable), and finally, the “consequences of digital transformation” component with an sustainability-driven innovation approach in the food industry.

The aim of the present study is to prioritize the innovative organizational factors for state-owned enterprises (case study: Iraq). The research is applied in nature and uses a survey method. Data analysis was conducted using the DEMATEL technique. The statistical population consists of managers of state-owned companies in Iraq, as well as academic professors and experts. The sample size includes ten managers from state-owned companies, selected through random sampling. The research instrument is a researcher-developed pairwise comparison questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through a review by a group of management professors. The results indicate that the criteria for net impact, in order of priority, are: 1) Strategic, 2) Legal, 3) Organizational, and 4) Technical. The criterion for the outcome (net effect) is also identified as the individual aspect. In the examination of the sub-criteria, determining and focusing on innovative strategies was identified as the most influential sub-criterion, while the development of strategic thinking in employees was identified as the most impactful factor.

Food packaging is more than just a cover; it serves important functions. These functions include product protection, aesthetic appeal, enhancing customer-perceived quality, increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases, branding, customer engagement, and several other roles. One packaging parameter that requires more attention is the concept of packaging paradoxes. The aim of this article is to identify packaging paradoxes, explain the relationships and effects among them, and provide a conceptual framework for understanding these paradoxes in the biscuit and chocolate packaging industry supply chain.This study employs a mixed-methods approach. The research uses qualitative methods, including a literature review and content analysis, as well as the quantitative fuzzy DEMATEL method. The target population consists of articles published between 2010 and 2023. In this study, 74 basic paradox themes and 12 main paradox themes were identified. These 12 main themes of packaging paradoxes are: national-cultural values, economic growth and profitability, environmental protection, environmental information, market and external factors, company technological infrastructure, human resource empowerment, legal and regulatory factors, customer experience management, packaging materials, product production processes, logistical factors, and packaging design.This article identifies the cause-and-effect relationships between the paradoxes. The analysis of these paradoxes offers a new approach to understanding the complexity of packaging decisions in the food supply chain. The findings of this research introduce packaging paradoxes to companies, allowing managers to make more informed decisions regarding packaging. As a result, companies can unlock the strategic potential of packaging, ultimately boosting product sales and enhancing company performance.

The efficiency of each employee of an organization determines its effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational effectiveness with employee performance as a mediating variable.

This research is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research is 200 employees of Iran Insurance Company in Isfahan province, and using stratified random sampling, 127 people were considered as the sample size. The main tool of this research was a questionnaire, and in order to analyze the data, the methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used using SPSS and Amos statistical software.

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and service effectiveness regarding the mediating role of employee performance in Iran Insurance Company in Isfahan province. Also, the research results showed that the relationship between the variables is also significant.

The obtained results show that human resource strategies and employee performance lead to the improvement and effectiveness of providing services to customers in the vast insurance network of Iran in Isfahan province.

Digital entrepreneurship is one of the leading solutions to deal with challenges in the market and entrepreneurship. The purpose of this research is to design and analyze the digital entrepreneurship model in order to strengthen modern business.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and survey method. The type of research is qualitative. The statistical population of the research includes digital business managers and university professors and experts, and for the model test, digital businessmen. which have been selected purposefully and snowballed. The research tool is semi-structured interview. Qualitative analysis was done using theme analysis and in order to test the model of structural equations, it was done using smart pls software.

In this research, 5 main dimensions and 20 indicators were extracted. The dimensions include understanding the online market, electronic branding, time management, financial management and the use of new technologies. Also, the model test shows that digital entrepreneurship has a significant relationship with the components of online market knowledge, use of new technology, electronic branding, time management and financial management. In other words, the second-order factor load of the research model has the necessary validity.

In the qualitative analysis, 5 main dimensions and 20 indicators were extracted. The dimensions include understanding the online market, electronic branding, time management, financial management and the use of new technologies. The results in the second part, the model test, show that digital entrepreneurship has a significant relationship with the components of online market knowledge, use of new technology, electronic branding, time management and financial management. In other words, the second-order factor load of the research model has the necessary validity.

Human choices and prevention and control measures during the outbreaks of infectious diseases play an important role in mitigating the spread and burden of the diseases and the negative impact of such phenomenon on societies. In this study, we developed a static game theoretical approach to assess the impact of human responses to the personal protection strategies of vaccination, self-quarantine, wearing face masks and social distancing on the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic burden. The model was set up such that an individual can choose multiple strategies to strike a balance between reducing the burden of the pandemic and not overrunning down their economies. A kind of static game analytics approach has been developed for this issue, and the proposed model has been implemented to design optimal intervention strategies for a sample of Iranian people in two critical phases in a serious battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that social distancing of exposed, susceptible, and recovered humans, self-quarantine of susceptible and infectious humans, and vaccination of exposed and recovered humans were more effective in mitigating the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic and limiting the transmission rate.

Occupational health and safety management is a critical aspect of organizational success, emphasizing the creation of safe work environments that enhance employee well-being and productivity. Occupational health and safety management not only ensures regulatory compliance but also contributes to economic benefits and improves the organizational image. The present study aims to design a human resource productivity model with a focus on occupational health and safety management systems. The study is applied in terms of its objective and employs a survey methodology. The research follows a qualitative approach. Accordingly, the research method is exploratory-applied based on its objective. The statistical population of the study includes university professors and industry managers in the construction sector in the city of Karbala. The sample size consists of 10 construction industry managers selected using the snowball sampling method. The thematic analysis method was used for data analysis. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview. The findings indicate that the most influential factors in human resource productivity, with a focus on occupational health and safety management systems, include job creation, scientific training and development, establishing effective communication, risk management, and providing rewards and incentives. One of the key recommendations of this study is the use of modern technologies by organizations to identify, assess, and control risks. Additionally, continuous monitoring and improvement can also be effective. In other words, organizations should consistently monitor the performance of their risk management systems and take necessary actions for improvement.

Financial institutions model potential counterparty distress before lending to potential counterparties in an attempt to mitigate such losses. Therefore, one of the ways to help in the correct use of investment opportunities and also to prevent the wastage of resources is to predict financial helplessness. In this regard, in this research, a new model related to the prediction of financial helplessness is presented, in which the deep learning method based on the gray wolf optimization algorithm will be used. Then the predictive power of this model is compared with the artificial neural network method. For this purpose, the information of 160 selected firms admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2016 to 2022 was used. The findings of the research related to predicting the helplessness of firms based on the deep learning method based on the gray wolf meta-engineering algorithm, showed that the percentage of success of this model in predicting the helplessness of companies is equal to 98.33%, while the power of prediction the artificial neural network method was for 94.45%. Based on this, it can be concluded that the deep learning method based on the gray wolf meta-engineering algorithm has a higher level of accuracy than the artificial neural network method in predicting the helplessness of the investigated firms

Today, all organizations are somehow exposed to information technology developments, and the effects of information and communication technology application are obvious in all areas of the supply chain. This research examines the effect of cooperation willingness and technology infrastructure of supply chain partners on information sharing with a case study of dairy factories and using fuzzy inference system. The current quantitative and survey research has been carried out with an applied purpose, and based on the conceptual model considered with qualitative and vague indicators, it has been quantified using fuzzy membership functions, and after applying fuzzy inference, the resulting fuzzy result has been quantitatively de-phased. In the fuzzy analysis of this research, MATLAB software was used, and its inference rules were determined with 28 rules obtained from the opinion of experts. The method of valuing the indicators of each qualitative variable in this research is obtained by using questionnaires approved in reliable researches, based on Cochran's formula, 100 questionnaires were distributed in the manufacturing companies of Shahrekord Industrial Town.

The purpose of this study is to determine managerial and personality traits. Managers with modesty from the third, in this study, the qualitative method of content analysis was used, after reviewing studies and research backgrounds and using the data obtained from interviews with 12 elites and qualified professionals, in three stages, Open, axial and selective coding were analyzed. The face and content validity of the interview questions were confirmed by experts and the reliability of the analyzes was confirmed by the open-test reliability method (0.90) and inter-coder reliability (0.76). The data were analyzed using Atlas Ti 8 software and the identified components were identified. It was categorized into two distinct dimensions including the personality traits of managers with modesty and the managerial characteristics of managers with modesty. In the quantitative part, the data obtained from the exploratory factor analysis questionnaire were analyzed with the help of SPSS26 statistical software. In the confirmatory factor analysis outputs of the software, because the standard unit loads of all items are higher than 0.3 and the significant coefficients of the model are all higher than 1.96, and also the indices of the fit tables indicate the suitability of the model. All factor loads and model path coefficients are significant

The choice of the stock portfolio is one of the most important and vital decisions of legal investors in Tehran Stock Exchange, which has been one of the most important issues discussed in the past and present, and with the research that has been conducted in this field, there are models for determining the portfolio. It is presented that over time the defects of each one have been identified and another model has replaced it. Based on this, in the present research, the issue of portfolio selection has been investigated using the multi-criteria fuzzy method using the tripartite decision-making approach and cumulative perspective theory. For this purpose, the data of 30 selected companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2014 to 2022 have been used. In order to investigate the issue of portfolio selection, the multi-criteria fuzzy method was used using the tripartite decision-making approach and cumulative perspective theory through the creation of superiority relationships. The findings of the research showed that the multi-criteria fuzzy portfolio selection model using the tripartite decision-making approach and cumulative perspective theory has a better performance than the classical two-way decision-making approach and the expected utility theory in stock portfolio selection.

The current research aims to design a model of the dynamic capabilities of the organization's employees with an intellectual agility approach. The research is applied in terms of purpose and survey method. The type of research is qualitative. The statistical population of this research includes books and scientific lectures between 2012 and 2023 in the field of dynamic capabilities of the organization's employees with an intellectual agility approach. Also, the research published in the scientific research and extension scientific magazines from 2012 to 2023 and their topic is related to the role of dynamic capabilities of the organization's employees with the intellectual agility approach are also considered as the community of this research. It also includes master's degrees and doctoral theses from public and private universities in the field of dynamic capabilities of employees with an intellectual agility approach. The size of the community in this research, 109 scientific-research articles; 6 theses, and 5 books were in the field of dynamic capabilities of organization employees and intellectual agility approach. Qualitative research has been conducted based on meta-analysis technique in CMA software. The results of the research showed that 5 main dimensions have been extracted, which include the managerial factor, creativity factor, organizational factor, job factor, and technological factor. Based on the findings, this article has suggested the development of a culture of continuous learning, the creation of multi-specialty teams, and the use of technology and digital tools for organizations.

Process innovation is a subset of innovation related to improving or reconfiguring production methods, workflows, or techniques. Process innovation aims to optimize the production or delivery method of existing goods or services. The importance of process innovation lies in its potential to simplify operations, reduce costs, minimize resource consumption, and improve productivity and quality. In agriculture, innovation catalyzes transformation, efficiency improvement, sustainability, and flexibility in production systems. Process innovation in sugarcane production and processing is vital to address the multifaceted challenges facing the industry, including market demand fluctuations, environmental degradation, and socio-economic inequalities. By embracing innovation, stakeholders can increase productivity, optimize resource use, reduce environmental impacts, and as a result, ensure the long-term sustainability and resilience of the sugarcane sector. In this regard, the present research was designed and carried out to explain the indigenous components of sugarcane production and processing with an emphasis on process innovations.

The research adopted Sandelowski and Barso's meta-composite qualitative approach. The process started with a systematic review of 405 primary articles and finally, 33 articles related to the research purpose were selected. The inclusion criterion was the publication in the field of sugarcane production and processing between 2010 and 2023. To validate the proposed model and increase acceptability, the fuzzy Delphi method with a panel of experts was used. The results were verified and reviewed by the experts.

The fuzzy Delphi resulted in deriving 57 key local indexes within four processes, i.e. planting, growing, harvesting, and processing. According to the results, it can be concluded that the integration of indigenous knowledge systems with modern innovations is important to enhance sustainability, flexibility, and learning in the sugarcane industry. In addition, joint efforts among the beneficiaries are needed to reinforce innovation, promote knowledge exchange, and develop comprehensive strategies to advance the sustainability and prosperity of the sugarcane sector.

Conclusion/ Implications: 

It can be inferred that innovation in the process of sugarcane production is too important to be ignored because it acts as a catalyst to enhance productivity, sustainability, and flexibility in the industry. Hence, it is suggested to create an interdisciplinary platform for cooperation and knowledge exchange to integrate indigenous knowledge systems with modern innovations in the process of sugarcane production. This way, communication among researchers, policymakers, industry players, and local communities is facilitated to create and implement innovative solutions proportional to specific fields and needs of sugarcane producers.

 The present study aims to design an innovative organization model for state-owned enterprises (case study: Iraq).

 The research is applied in terms of its objective and is survey-based in terms of its method. The type of research is qualitative, and the statistical population includes corporate executive experts, academic experts, and academic-corporate executive experts in Iraq. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. The research tool is a semi-structured interview.

 The research findings indicate the extraction of five dimensions for the innovative organization model for state-owned enterprises in Iraq.

 The dimensions and components include: Organizational: creating a flexible organizational structure, developing an innovation culture among organizational employees, establishing new innovation management methods within the organization, making the organization agile through innovation. Individual: developing strategic thinking among employees, enhancing employees' individual creativity, adapting employees to innovative changes, continuously upgrading employees' skills and knowledge. Technical: developing proficiency in new technologies, enhancing IT infrastructure, increasing the use of artificial intelligence, developing scalable innovative capabilities within the organization. Strategic: defining and focusing on innovative strategies, increasing investment in research and development, enhancing knowledge management within the organization, managing technological risks in the organization. Legal: updating intellectual property laws, developing and drafting updated e-commerce laws, formulating security regulations

Emotions are the main driver of all human behavior and play a very important role in shaping people's thoughts, behaviors and relationships in life and work environment. Everyone's responses and reactions to various internal and external stimuli, mainly showing emotions, are completely different and complex. Recognition of emotions in organizational behavior is of particular importance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of organizational empathy on the control of employees' emotions with regard to the mediating role of organizational learning in Ahvaz Islamic Azad University and Suleiman Mosque.The method of this research is descriptive and correlational, the statistical population of the research included all the employees of the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz and Suleiman Mosque, who were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling. The main tool of this research was a questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used using SPSS and Amos statistical software.The findings showed that organizational empathy has a significant effect on the control of employees' emotions, considering the mediating role of organizational learning in Ahvaz Islamic Azad University and Suleiman Mosque. Also, organizational empathy has a significant impact on emotional control and organizational learning.The obtained results show that the creation of organizational empathy among university staff and faculty will have an impact on the process of controlling employees' emotions in different perspectives.

The return distribution of a portfolio is not constant in different periods, which is affected by the dynamics of financial markets and provides the basis for the instability of the portfolio. Distributionally Robust Portfolio Optimization (DRO) takes into account the uncertainty of the portfolio due to changes in the distribution of portfolio returns. In the current research, the objective function of the portfolio model is to maximize the Calmar ratio, which is one of the reward-risk ratios, and its calculation depends on the distribution of the portfolio returns. The research strategy to robust the return distribution parameter is to consider all the returns that are located in a neighborhood of the empirical distribution of the portfolio, which was used to determine such distributions using the Wasserstein metric. A sample portfolio of the research consists of 8 indices or industries from the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 1390 to 1400 and on a weekly time horizon. The test data has been divided into 5 periods, and to evaluate the DRO portfolio compared to the portfolio without this feature, the result of dividing the average of Calmar's ratios into the 5 mentioned periods by their standard deviation has been used. The results show that the DRO portfolio improves this ratio by 0.27, and in addition, the minimum ratio of Calmar in 5 periods in the DRO portfolio is higher than the basket without this property.

This paper aimed to apply a balanced scorecard as an evaluation performance tool to investigate the impact of organizational structure variables on the organizational performance of Esfahan steel industries. The standardized Robbins’s (1998) questionnaire was used for data collection. Hersey and Goldsmith’s standard questionnaire was used to assess aspects of organizational performance. The sample consisted of 100 employees working in the Esfahan steel industries. The results demonstrated that there is a meaningful relationship between organizational performance and organizational structure and its components including complexity, formality, and concentration. The findings also indicated that concentrations had the most significant impact on organizational performance. The results of the Bartlett and Kaiser-Meyer tests indicated a high reliability of the research (0.89 and a confidence level of less than 0.05). Also, using correlation coefficient, regression test, and structural equations, the assumptions of the research were confirmed. The results of regression show that centralizations (With a coefficient of 0.59) had the most significant impact on organizational performance.

Today, a large part of the company's property and assets are related to intangible assets, whose value and price have been determined in recent years for two reasons, the formation of concession contracts and the determination of the share of each partner in capital contracts. Joint ventures have been taken into consideration. In this research, a conceptual model has been presented to identify the influencing factors in technology valuation in the field of financing using foundation data theory. For this purpose, a model has been presented by using the opinion of the experts of Isfahan Regional Electricity Distribution Company and a comprehensive review of the issue in the field of technology valuation selection for the analysis of financial decisions in the field of financing and investment in the solar energy industry. To develop the presented model, a qualitative model based on foundational data theory has been followed. With regard to all the cases mentioned in this research, the technology valuation model for the analysis of financial decisions in the field of financing and investment in the solar energy industry according to the collection of experts' opinions according to three main categories (valuation model, technology organization and investment) and 9 sub-categories (valuation model, technology organization and investment) and 9 sub-categories (low cost, exclusive experience, value provided by technology, communication, technological infrastructure, agility, knowledge management, human resources, new financing model) design has been To ensure that the factors are chosen correctly or not, a content validity analysis has been performed for each of the categories, and according to the results, all the categories have the necessary sufficiency to be included in the valuation model. In the continuation of the research, using the structural equation model, the relationships of the indicators have been modeled in Lisrel software to determine the influence of each factor on each other and also on its main factors. Based on the obtained results, the relationship between the subcategory of human resources and the technology organization in the funding valuation model is identified as meaningless with an impact factor of 0.24. Therefore, this criterion cannot be included in the financing valuation model. But the relationship of other factors with their main criteria in the valuation model of financing is significant. Finally, the validity of the model has been investigated using statistical tests.

The purpose of the current research is to design a green supply chain pricing model with a multi-criteria decision-making approach and game theory (case study: home appliance industry). In this research, after library study and identification of key indicators in predicting green supply chain pricing, using the fuzzy Delphi method, the screening of indicators was done in three stages, and out of 20 indicators, based on the opinions of 13 experts, 13 indicators were selected and based on the priority selection index approach, company D entered the game theory as the leader company because it had the highest priority. Finally, based on the game theory, the scenario between 4 members of the supply chain was evaluated and analyzed, and the best and worst scenarios were also introduced. Also, in order to test the structural validity of the proposed model, information related to the green supply chain of 9 selected home appliance companies was implemented using MATLAB software.