مهدی ربیعی

The health team, in their daily operations, are faced with many ethical issues they have to solve. Moral knowledge includes confronting with and resolving conflicts, values, norms, interests, or laws. Identifying the ethical challenges of the health system can contribute to the efficiency of educational and health programs of universities of medical sciences. The objective of this study was to explain the components of professional ethics in therapeutic and health interactions with patients. In this qualitative research, the Delphi method was used to determine the components of professional ethics. The participants were composed of three groups including faculty members, students, and clinical staff who were selected using purposive sampling. First, by reviewing the literature, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed to investigate different components of professional ethics. Then, using the Delphi method in four rounds, the ethical components were selected and by checking content validity indices (CVR and CVI), the final version of professional ethics components was explained based on therapeutic and health interactions with patients. The results of the qualitative research and the Delphi model led to the extraction of the 12 most common ethical components including disclosure of patients’ secrets, lack of justice in providing services, lack of respect for the patient’s discretion, medical and treatment staff errors, lack of compliance with regulations and standards of treatment and care, non-observance of legal regulations in telling bad news by the doctor, non-observance of dying patient’s rights, non-observance of patient’s privacy, lack of proper training of care principles and new and up-to-date treatment tips to students and staff, and finally, non-observance of professional communication. Accordingly, the final components were compiled as a questionnaire. Achieving ethical competence requires the identification of ethical components in educational, therapeutic, and care environments, especially in interaction with the patient. Therefore, it is necessary to identify, structure and formulate ethical components in regular and continuous training programs in the field of importance and observance of ethical principles in medical and health centers.

In recent decades, necessity of revising traditional teaching methods and using new and active learning and student-centered methods by educational systems have been found, and these methods have been used in various sciences, including medical sciences. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of satisfaction of flipped classroom teaching method in comparison with the presentation of electronic-content and the lecture-based instructional methods.

This semi-experimental study was conducted in the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The research population consist of students of the operating room and intelligence departments of the Faculty of Paramedicine of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences (51 students). The students included 15 students of the 2nd semester of the operating room, 18 students of the 4th semester of the operating room, and 18 students of the 1st semester of the anesthesia major. To achieve the goal of the research, the teaching of three courses "an introduction to internal diseases", "principles of sterilization and disinfection" and "medical terms" were studied. These lessons were presented with the help of flipped classroom teaching methods, teaching through E-content and lectures. At the end of each lesson, a standard questionnaire of students' satisfaction with the teacher's teaching method was completed. Data described by Mean and standard deviation and analyzed by variance analysis test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test through SPSS.

The findings of the research showed that the highest satisfaction score of students in the course of familiarization with internal diseases using the upside-down classroom method was 34.94 ± 5.42, In the course of “the principles of sterilization” and the course of “medical terminology” both of them with the lecture method, it was 38.20 ± 6.95, 37.88 ± 5.90 respectively. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the average satisfaction score in the lecture method among different courses (p=0.316, F=1.181). Also the results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the mean satisfaction score in the virtual method among different subjects (p=0.255, H=2.73). The results showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the two subjects in the inverted method.

The present study showed that students are satisfied with all three teaching methods provided. The level of students' satisfaction with teaching using the flipped classroom metho and lecture method was higher than the method of presenting virtual content.

In order to nurture children's thinking and in order to realize students' participation in the field of research, there are plans and programs. In Iranian education, Jaber Ibn Hayyan plan is also one of these research-oriented projects in order to cultivate students' thinking and research skills. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of primary school teachers about the implementation challenges of the Jaber Ibn Hayyan plan. Using qualitative phenomenological method, through purposeful sampling, 20 primary school teachers were selected in Sabzevar schools. Data collection tool was semi-structured interview method. Findings were analyzed using three-step coding method attributed to Strauss and Corbin. Research findings in 8 categories of factors including factors related to educational culture, factors related to curriculum goals, factors related to teachers, factors related to learning strategies, factors related to students, factors related to family, factors related to educational facilities and evaluation the design is categorized. Structural and cultural unpreparedness for the implementation of Jaber plan has also been identified as the selected code. The results showed that in order to implement and use the Jaber plan in schools, in order to eliminate and reduce the challenges raised in the research path, various grounds should be provided.

With the increasing spread of attacks on computer networks, the use of intrusion detection systems is inevitable. The purpose of an intrusion detection system is to monitor abnormal activities and to distinguish between normal and abnormal behaviors (intrusion) in a host system or in a network. One of the main problems of intrusion detection systems is the high volume of alarms, which practically eliminates the possibility of dealing with them. An intrusion detection system is effective that can detect a wide range of attacks while reducing the amount of false alarms. In this paper, a new feature-based intrusion detection approach is proposed in which the AdaBoost algorithm combines with the Harris Hawks optimization algorithm and optimized parameters. Studies show that the proposed method detects malicious samples in computer networks with an average accuracy in the CICIDS2017 dataset is 99.86% and for the NSL_KDD dataset is 99.88%; comparing the findings with similar works also indicates that the proposed method is more accurate than them in distinguishing invasive samples from normal.

One of the crimes that has always plagued the country is drugs and gangs active in this field. Identifying the leaders of these gangs with new methods has always been a concern of police organizations. In this regard, this article aims to provide a method to identify the leaders of drug gangs.

In terms of purpose, the current research is a practical one that has been used to collect data using a sequential exploratory combined method. Data from a set of work items, including mobile phones, work cases after extracting calls and voice and text communications of the defendants' communication equipment in the form of a dataset and by observing the principles of information classification. Considering the confidential nature of the available numbers, first all the available numbers were converted into codes and a numerical code was considered for each of the numbers, and after identifying the candidate numbers, their numbers were extracted in the analysis section, and by examining the connections of the criminal network, Different networks have been created and by analyzing the communication in each network, criminals and their important nodes have been identified.

By examining the network evaluation metrics such as intercity, proximity, input degree, output degree and hub, each node was valued and weighted. Then, by examining the value of each node with the mentioned criteria, the candidate nodes in each criterion were classified according to the influence of each criterion on the value of a node.

The results showed that by examining the criteria for measuring the drug network with the aforementioned analysis method, the nodes that were the connecting factor of several sub-networks were identified and their communication role was determined, and finally, by giving weight to each node, the nodes with superiority were identified. Bala, who can play a decisive role in the network and emerge as a leader, was identified.

The advent of technology and mass media, including virtual social networks, has led to changes in traditional education and educational interactions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions and students' academic performance with the mediating role of the quality of learning experiences of students at the Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.

In this descriptive correlational study, 327 students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2020 were surveyed by stratified relative sampling. In order to collect data, questionnaires were used on the use of social networks in educational interactions in Klimshastani (2016) and the quality of learning experiences of Newman (1990), and the criterion for measuring academic performance was students' Grade point average. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and pearson correlation tests, multiple regression analysis and Sobel test.

The mean score of students in using social networks was in educational interactions (3.45± 0.88), learning experiences (3.65± 0.71) and academic performance (17.05± 1.42). Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship (Z= 2.41, p <0.05) between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions with students' academic performance with the mediating role of the quality of learning experiences. The use of these networks in educational interactions has a significant positive relationship with their academic performance (r= 0.72, p<0.05). There is a significant positive relationship (r = 0.61, p <0.05) between the use of virtual social networks in educational interactions with the quality of their learning experiences and the quality of learning experiences has a significant positive relationship with students' academic performance (r= 0.587, p <0.05).

Due to the significant relationship between research variables, it is suggested that in addition to face-to-face training, virtual education should be used to improve education.

In recent decades, significant increase with high growing numbers of students, has made financing of public universities into one of the major challenges higher education and government. However, the main source of financing public universities is government funding, but focusing purely on this procedure and the neglect of other methods is ineffective for various reasons. The purpose of this study was to investigate Issues and problems of financing and diversification of financial resources in public universities. The research method was qualitative phenomenology. The study population included administrators of public universities and experts in financial management and economics of higher education. Using purposive sampling method, 23 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with them. To validate the qualitative findings, the Guba and Lincoln criteria were used. The findings were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin coding model. Analysis reveals that participants researched before any attempt emphasize to determine the status and role of higher education and attention to mission of the university. In their view, financing public universities in Iran is influenced by social-cultural and political -economic conditions of the country, according to the Spatial planning in the creation of a university and course of study, Ability of managers to earn, transparency of laws, absence of Cumbersome bureaucratic, a knowledge-based university, field structure, Relations of University to Other sectors However, The evidence indicative of earn thinking in public universities is weak.

The purpose of this study is to design and validate the integrated curriculum model of ecological literacy in elementary school. To this aim, descriptive-analytical-comparative method was used in model designing phase and Delphi technique was used in validation phase. The statistical population of the study in model design included eight leading countries in the field of ecology (Costa Rica, Canada, Sweden, Norway, France, Austria, Colombia, Finland) and in the validation phase 15 specialists in curriculum as well as ecology were selected by purposeful sampling. The optimal model was designed based on the four elements of Tyler curriculum where the main elements include the purpose (conservation of biodiversity, etc.) content (combination of theoretical and practical ecological training, etc.), learning activities (activities-tasks-research-oriented As a group and) and evaluation (test of naturalistic intelligence, etc.). The validation results showed that the proposed model was suitable for curriculum studies and environmental education experts and these people approved the model at a high level.

Due to the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in veterans, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy as a new treatment with long-term exposure therapy as a recommended and conventional treatment in the treatment of war veterans with chronic PTSD and symptoms of anxiety and depression as comorbidity.

This quasi-experimental study with a control group (waiting for treatment) was performed as a pre-test and post-test with a follow-up of 3 months on 57 veterans referring to some psychiatric wards of military hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Seventeen people were randomly assigned to the experimental group 1 (receiving metacognitive therapy), 17 to the experimental group 2 (receiving long-term exposure therapy) and 23 to the control group. Research tolls included, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Index (PCL-M - Military Edition), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II), and a demographic Researcher-made questionnaire.

By considering the matching of the groups, the findings showed that the effectiveness of both interventions on reducing depression and anxiety symptoms was the same. However, there was a significant difference between the groups receiving metacognitive therapy and long-term exposure therapy with the control group in the field of variables, which indicates the effectiveness of both therapeutic interventions on the variables (P=0.001).

The current findings showed that metacognitive therapy can also be considered one of the most effective new therapeutic interventions in the field of chronic PTSD caused by war along with other psychological therapies of PTSD (long-term exposure therapy).

The spread of network crimes has increased the amount of data recorded from our criminal offenses and organizational burdens with a large amount of data. Each of these data contains a lot of messages and information. If these data are properly analyzed, they can help supervisors to identify and track, as well as anticipate and prevent crimes and offenses.

In this study, by analyzing and analyzing the relationships in the networks and crime variables based on the Fata police database of the country, various networks were created considering the variables considered in the network analysis. Also, by analyzing the relationship that occurred in each network from the point of view in the field of social network analysis, in each network, high-potential nodes were selected and the offenders identified as highly likely to commit a crime, as well as prediction of possible communications. In general, we can say that our research and analysis method is based on the behavior of a cast of a network that acts as an element and member of the network. It is worth mentioning that in the present study simulations and analyzes of soft The NodeXL (Excel Node) and utilities have been used.

In order to identify and predict crimes, the nodes with high specificity were ranked. These nodes have a high coefficient of selection as offenders in a crime after a crime with the same incident. Also, according to the centrality of proximity index, it can be said that the ranking of a node in this index is high. So this node is likely to commit a crime again. This finding could help policing agencies monitor the activities of a node, or the same offender

Using of creative methods in teaching requires teacher’s recognition of his/her own abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and creative teaching methods in Mashhad Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. This is a descriptive study of correlation type. The statistical population included 55 faculty members of Mashhad Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. Sampling was done by census method. The tools used included a standardized self-efficacy beliefs questionnaire and creative teaching questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient) through SPSS. Findings showed that the mean and standard deviation of the teachers' viewpoints toward creative teaching and self-efficacy beliefs was 81.942±8.820 and 77.792±9.961 respectively. Also, there was significant relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and creative teaching skills of faculty members. (N=41 r=0.411, p=0.008). In this regards, there was a significant relationship between the years of teaching and self-efficacy (r=0.37), academic level and gender (r=0.41), and academic years and academic rank (r=0.46) too. According to the research findings, it seems that teachers’ beliefs about his/her own abilities lead to positive attitude towards using of creative methods in teaching. A professor who believes his/her own abilities, use more creative and effective teaching methods.

  Body dysmorphic disorder is partly a secret and unknown disorder. Recovering from TTM is not simply. The purpose of this study was to develop and the effect of intervention based on the model on severity of the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. Material and Moreover, patients were selected on the basis of DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for BDD and the instruments (BDD-YBOCS) were administered on them. According to single case method they received 12 sessions weekly behavioral-cognitive-metacognitive intervention. The patients were treated for 12 weekly 45-60 minute individual sessions. Chart drawing was used of the data of this study at the second stage. The results of chart drawing showed that metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral intervention significantly reduced the symptoms of the body dysmorphic disorder. The intervention presented in this study illustrates a multidimensional approach that the intervention focuses on the metacognitive -cognitive-behavioral dimensions, hence, the intervention presented in this study is a new explanatory model.The model may prompt future research into body dysmorphic disorder and facilitate clinical treatment and case formulation. Keywords: Treatment, Body dysmorphic disorder, Behavior, Cognition, Metacognition, Single case.

Aims: Smoking is one of the most important causes of premature mortality worldwide, which is one of the most avoidable factors. People who are under high stress are more likely to start smoking again. Self-efficacy in smoking cessation is one of the important psychological variables that is related to cigarette smoking and is a predictor of smoking failure and recurrence in smokers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on hypnosis on smoking cessation, anxiety and self-efficacy.
This semi-experimental study was carried out with pre-test, post-test and control group design in 1394. Using a non-objective sampling method, 54 policemen from Kermanshah province, Iran, were selected. Participants completed of depression, anxiety, stress scale, smoking abstinence self-efficacy scale, hypnotizability talent scale, and checklist for symptoms of mental disorders in pre-test stage. Data analysis was done in SPSS 21 using Chi-Square test, repeated measurement test and one-way covariance analysis.
Findings: Hypnosis-based cognitive behavioral therapy had a significant effect on smoking cessation (p=0.001). The intervention group reported a lower level of anxiety in the post-test and follow up that indicated the effectiveness of interventional therapy (p Hypnosis-based cognitive behavioral intervention is effectiveness on smoking cessation and self-efficacy increasing which also reduces the amount of anxiety of military forces.

Objectives This study examined the effect of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), depression, and disability of patients.
Methods In this article, we present a single subject experimental design with multiple baselines. The subjects of the study were patients with BDD in Sanandaj city. Purposive sampling was used, and after obtaining diagnostic interview and qualifications of the study, subjects underwent the treatment process. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (DBI-II), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and clinical interview were used as diagnostic tools. Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy was employed for 15 sessions of one and a half hours and for two sessions per week. For data analysis, we used a single-case analysis using graphs and comparison of mean and median positions.
Results The results showed that participants’ scores in BDD, depression, and disability decreased noticeably. Treatment outcomes were continued up to four months of follow-up period as well.
Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy is effective in improving BDD, depression, and disability of these patients.

One of the strategies to improve the quality of health services and increase people's satisfaction in the health system evolution plan is the plan for the presence of resident specialists in educational hospitals. The purpose of this research was to assess the viewpoints of pediatrics residents about the role of the presence of resident specialists in educational hospitals.
This descriptive-survey study was conducted on 35 pediatrics residents of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts’ views and its reliability by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (85%). Data were analyzed using t test.
From the residents’ viewpoint, resident specialists provided more educational opportunities and they had an important role in the process of evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. They also helped in logical paraclinical request. They helped to promote self-confidence and responsibility among residents, as well as create staff discipline and collaboration, and inter-institutional coordination. They brought confidence and satisfaction to patients’ parents, too. Resident specialists also improved the quality of morning reports.
From the viewpoint of pediatrics residents, the role of the presence of resident specialists in educational hospitals is important in helping the residents and, in general, improves patient's health.

The purpose of the present research was to determine relationship feelings experience and use defense mechanisms with spectrum the symptoms of obsessive – compulsive
This is a correlation study. The statistical universe of this research consisted of all people Tehran city in year of 2016-2017. The research sample consisted of 200 people who were selected through avilable sampling method. The instruments used study were Obsessive Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R), Feelings Experience and Defense Styles Questionnaires. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analysis the data.
The results indicated that there were signification negative correlation between secure feelings experience with symptoms of obsessive – compulsive. There were signification positive correlation between defense mechanism with symptoms of obsessive – compulsive. The results of multiple regression showed that the feelings experience and defense mechanism was the signification predictor of symptoms of obsessive – compulsive disorder (P According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the feelings experience and defense mechanisms play an important role in the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.

The loneliness is explanatory deficiency in establishment relations and bond emotional that can conflict married couples and also effects on internet dependence as a sedative. Therefore this research done the relations ship between loneliness of internet dependence and marital conflict married couples
The study population consisted of all couples living in 6th district of 16region in Tehran. Using Cochran formula, a sample size of 250 couples was selected. The design of this research was descriptive co relational. To collect data was used from the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), the social and emotional loneliness Scale for adults (SELSA-S), and the Kimberley Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1988). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.
and marital conflict in couples The results of the study showed that there is a relationship between loneliness with internet addiction The results of path analysis show that, the loneliness that predict directly internet dependence and marital conflict. Also the loneliness, present Meaningful prediction of marital conflict to mediation internet addiction.
Due to the result loneliness is one of the significant facts in internet dependence and conflict married that should be pay attention during the treatment off conflict married couples and interne dependence.

The purpose of this descriptive survey was to investigate the requirements for financing and diversifying the financial resources in public universities. The statistical population of this study was composed of 157 experts and authorities in higher education and public universities. As such, 112 subjects were selected as research sample using stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 78 items. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through collecting the viewpoints of experts and its construct validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Besides, the Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was calculated (0/97) in order to calculate the reliability of forenamed questionnaire. Regarding the data analysis, it was decided to make use of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (One-Sample T-test and Friedman Test). The results showed that, from the perspective of the respondents, all requirements were of major importance in financing and diversifying the financial resources in public universities. The results indicated that (in the macro level) policymaking and strategic requirements and economic-financial requirements were the most and least important items, respectively. In the micro level, it was indicated that the motivational requirements and structural requirements were the most and least important items. Considering this fact that the formulated requirements have been among the prerequisites of financing and diversifying the financial resources in public universities, the academic authorities and personnel should consider them in their planning in order to attain higher income thereof.

The present article aims to explain the Student's hidden perception of interacting with the Internet as an effective factor in Break down the generations. The method of research is qualitative , of phenomenological type. The participants of the study were 81 students of the sixth grade of elementary school of Elam which were selected by desirable sampling method. The information were gathered using a deep semi-structured interview and Data analysis was done based on seven-step Colaizzi’s method . Of the total findings of this research , after the removal of the common codes, 136 conceptual codes were extracted that express the perception of participants in the research. These concepts were placed into three main categories: learning new norms - 6 Learning new values -3 Learning new verbal symbols and six subcategories: 8 Identity Crisis 6 violations of rules and regulations 3 cultural gap & difference 4 alien culture 5 substitution of English words instead of Persian words 2 - Getting internet terms in daily conversations . These findings suggest that students have gotten many learning experiences during the interaction with the Internet, Which had a great impact in norms, beliefs, ethics and verbal symbols, and as a result in the breakdown of the generation

Language and communication device or the media, in a context that is manifest that the same culture and the culture that provides the main connection. In this study, the relationship between domestic mass media, foreign media and social networks as the independent variables and the dependent variable of organizational culture as has been discussed. The results indicate that the domestic mass media (29/0 P =), foreign mass media (23/0 = P) and social networks (16/0 = P) direct and positive relationship with corporate culture There is. Therefore it could be argued that the use of the mass media in different aspects of the worker's house in Tehran between staff and their organizational culture increases the higher you go. Is. So all hypotheses of this study are confirmed.

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life among students of a military educational center.
The method of this study was quasi experimental (pretest posttest with control group). 50 students were randomly assigned in experimental and control group. Quality of life questionnaire was used as tool in pre and post test. For experimental group a program based on acceptance and commitment therapy was conducted. Analysis of repeated measures was used to analyze the data.
acceptance and commitment therapy could improve quality of life and acceptance and commitment index immediately after intervention which this affect continued after one month.
acceptance and commitment therapy can improve quality of life of armies.