دکتر محمدمهدی ذوالفقارزاده

Technological advancements in the modern era have revealed the inefficiencies of traditional governance models and highlighted the need for emerging technologies to enhance governance structures. Contemporary societies are seeking greater efficiency, transparency, and public trust, compelling governments to adopt innovative technological tools. Blockchain technology, with its inherent characteristics of immutability, transparency, and data security, has significant potential to contribute to urban governance. In recent years, blockchain has been utilized worldwide for managing citizen data. This study aims to identify and prioritize the drivers and barriers to blockchain adoption for smart governance in Tehran. Following an initial list derived from a review of relevant literature and its validation by experts, the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) framework was employed to prioritize these factors based on expert opinions, focusing on the most critical drivers and barriers. Additionally, a focus group of urban management experts was convened to finalize the study findings and propose actionable recommendations. The results indicate that the primary barriers include political, technical, economic, cultural, and legal limitations. Key challenges involve the absence of clear regulations, insufficient technical infrastructure, and high initial costs. From a cultural perspective, resistance to adopting new technologies and legal ambiguities are notable obstacles. Conversely, the drivers of blockchain adoption include enhanced transparency, cost reduction, strengthened public trust, reduced corruption, and improved inter-organizational communication. The study’s recommendations include drafting clear regulations, investing in technological infrastructure, providing financial incentives, and organizing training programs. These measures can help address the barriers and leverage the drivers to achieve smart governance in Tehran.

The position of knowledge in policy-making has been discussed and disputed by academics for a long time, but it has been more seriously considered in recent decades. One of the most important approaches in this field is evidence-based policy-making, which was proposed in 1997 as an alternative to ideological and opinion-based policy-making. This research examines and criticizes this approach and argues that although the idea of evidence-based policy-making is desirable and ideal, but because scientific and research evidence - especially soft sciences such as humanities and social sciences - are products of social relations and not objective, it is not possible to realize the idea of evidence-based policy-making as an alternative to ideological and opinion-based policy-making. In addition, even with the assumption of objective and pure human knowledge, considering that the nature of policy-making is intertwined with interests, power, bureaucracy, and the like, there are many obstacles to use scientific evidence in policy-making

Considering the increasing trend of the migration of academic elites and the failure of many of them to return to the country in recent years, the aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the migration of academic elites from the perspective of the functions of the higher education system in Iran.

The research, in terms of purpose, is applied, and in terms of data collection, is qualitative, using documentary study and systematic review methods. Accordingly, scientific-research articles published in Iran (2002-2022) in domestic scientific-research databases including Noormags, Magiran, and the Humanities Database were reviewed. Then, based on criteria such as the relevance of the articles to the main research topic, the focus of the research on academic elites, attention to the components related to the functions of higher education as a factor affecting the migration of academic elites, being scientific-research articles, and a specific time frame, 34 articles were selected from among 944 studies through examining the title, abstract, and content, and fanally were analyzed. The credibility of the qualitative findings was confirmed using the method of triangulation, as well az the principles of Lincoln and Guba and Creswell's strategies.The results of the systematic review led to the identification of two categorical clusters of "internal push factors" and "external pull factors" including 11 components and 34 concepts. 

Regarding the main research question of identifying the factors affecting the migration of academic elites in Iran from the perspective of the functions of higher education and reviewing the research conducted in the past twenty years (2002-2022), a total of 11 components were identified, including 6 components in the category of push factors (insufficient quality of educational functions; insufficient quality of the research ecosystem; inadequate efficiency of the innovation system; inadequate efficiency of the research ecosystem; inadequate efficiency of the innovation system; inadequate efficiency of the education governance system; problems and obstacles in attracting and retaining academic elites; inappropriate academic culture and climate) and 5 components in the category of pull factors (desirable quality of the education system; desirable quality of research; the existence of a suitable academic culture and climate; an efficient system of retaining and career development of faculty members; and the dynamic relationship between the university and society). Based on this, although the reasons given for the movements and displacements of elites are highly diverse and numerous, alongside economic, political, and social factors, one of the most important push factors leading to the migration of academic elites in developing countries, including Iran, is access to high-quality higher education from various dimensions. Consequently, in order to address the phenomenon of academic elite migration in Iran as an inevitable phenomenon and a global trend, policymakers and authorities, particularly in the field of higher education, should focus on strategies to better utilize the capacity of elites outside the country in the form of elite circulation, in addition to efforts to address and reduce internal pressure factors and improve the quality level of higher education within the country to retain and preserve elites, as well as efforts to facilitate the return of migrants.

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the drivers affecting the future of independent auditing from the point of view of the internal factors of the independent auditing profession. In today's highly changing and competitive environment, if we do not anticipate the future, the result will be nothing but failure and loss of opportunities. It is very important to know the factors affecting the future of the audit profession, considering its accreditation functions and facilitating the accountability and decision-making processes of a wide range of stakeholders. In this article, by using interview and fuzzy Delphi methods and asking the opinions of 28 professional and academic experts, the drivers influencing the future of independent audit were identified in the field of internal factors of the independent audit profession. According to the fuzzy Delphi calculations of the 27 drivers identified from the theoretical foundations and interview results, the most important factors to be considered in the future, respectively, include the change of auditing processes, auditing through remote work, fair value, change from assurance to effectiveness, competence, the professions of auditors and self-regulation and the independence of the profession and the specialization of auditing institutions in fields and industries. Paying attention to these factors will allow the auditor to take steps to meet the needs of the society while maintaining his professional qualifications and perform his duties in accordance with the wishes of the stakeholders.

Elites, as one of the most effective social groups, have a significant role in advancing social and national goals and achieving country's progress in various fields.

Design/ methodology/ approach:

 The research method is based on library studies, specialized into interviews with experts and content analysis. In order to evaluate national policies in this field, the CIPP method has been used, which examines the policy system of top talents and elites in the dimensions of context, input, process and output.

 Based on the Themes analysis of the expert interviews, solutions have been explained in cultural and discourse axes, policy axis, structural reforms and executive mechanisms. Among the most important solutions are "the need for macro-architecture and the integration of the governance ecosystem, including education, higher education, administrative system, etc." The need to create a human resources architecture in the administrative system "," providing financial resources and support and employer mechanisms in raising elites”, etc. can be mentioned.

Limitations & Consequences:

 Among the most important limitations of the research, we can mention the limited internal background and financial limitations in this field. The main consequence of this research is the policy-making bodies in the field of talent development and elites, which helps to understand the big issue and make appropriate decisions in talent development.

Practical Consequences: 

This research is useful in Talent Policy Making in National Level.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

The main initiative of the article is to focus on national policies in the field of talent development and explanation and formulation of the problem on a large and national scale.

One of the concepts that has been developed in recent years in the field of public administration and governance is the concept of "smartening " and "smart governance" and based on this , approaches have been designed to smarten the public policy making process. smartening can be planned in various fields of public administration and policy making system , and one of the most important areas that seems to be important in the field of governance is the development planning system in the country , which is considered as a high level of national policy making.  Based on this, the aim of the current research is to identify the challenges and solutions to smarten the public policy process in Iran with an emphasis on the development planning system.  The research method is based on documentary and meta-synthesis studies , and in the findings section , after the pathology of the country's situation , smartening solutions are discussed at three levels of designing development plans, implementing development plans , and evaluating of development plans.

The main objective of this paper is to conceptualize marketing strategies and models in cultural products and services. This research has been carried out within the framework of a Qualitative/Quantitative approach using the Grounded Theory and SEM Methods. Statistical population was all management, strategies, marketing experts and University professors who has executive or academic experience about cultural marketing. In qualitative research, the data were collected through open audiovisual recording interviews (with 14 expert) and their content was transcribed. The interview data were analyzed in three stages, including open, axial and selective coding steps, and categorized as concepts and themes. The findings of study included five categories of causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and consequences that have been presented in the form of Strauss and Corbin’s coded pattern. Then designed questionnaire and distribution between 212 experts in Tehran Municipality and analysis by Amos software were done. All assumptions was confirmed and highlight role of Pricing, Branding, Advertising, Customer Database and culture-building as strategies for having sustainable development, expanding Iranian-Islamic culture and increase market share as a consequence designing the marketing pattern for cultural products and services.

Todays, because of the household sector consumption amount, the role of individual consumption behavior has been highlighted in energy policy. Although various tools has been designed to intervene energy consumption behavior, existence of some problems in energy management sector indicates that at the national level, understanding of behaviors and how to change and manage them has been pursued in an incomplete manner. This research, by adopting a qualitative approach and turning from focuse on factors affecting consumer behavior to behavior governance, aims to investigate how energy consumption behavior is managed. The process of data collection was done through individual interviews and focus group with electricity industry managers. The result of using thematic analysis, showed that there is two types of gaps within and between energy technical and behavioral policies, which warns the need to change in the current approach and reformulate policies in order to create integrity and balance in energy consumption behavior governance. Article emphasize the use of behavioral insights is not limited to the use of behavioral tools to solve problems; rather, it requires improvement of policy makers understanding of problems based on behavioral insights.

The social phenomenon of public sports is influenced by various factors and constant uncertainties, but foresight will provide a reliable and optimal road map for it. The purpose of this research was to formulate the desired future scenarios for public sports in Iran.

The current study, with its exploratory purpose, followed a mixed-methods approach. The participants were purposefully selected and included 20, 10, 8, and 8 people according to the stages of the research. A semi-structured interview, questionnaire, and matrix were used to collect data. For data analysis, first, the effective factors were extracted by the hidden content analysis method and confirmed by experts using the Delphi method, and then, the strategic factors were identified with the participation of the strategic council and the mutual effects analysis. Finally, the research scenarios were extracted through the balanced mutual influence analysis method.

 The results indicate the formulation of three scenarios for realizing the desired future. The first scenario includes the components of financial resource allocation, comprehensive participation of the stratum of society, unified and integrated management, and the media's attention to Iran's public sports. The second scenario includes the components of financial resource allocation; the social status of the family; and specialization, highlighting, and modeling of athletes. The third or the final scenario includes the components of financial resource allocation, comprehensive participation of the stratum of society, specialization, and the media's attention to Iran's public sports.

Scenarios provide the possibility for the policymakers and high managers of Iran’s sports to implement and establish a relationship between the priority strategies for the constituent components of the scenario, by institutionalizing public sports, to implement its rich functions in the society and ultimately, lead to the construction of the desirable future and national success.

The present paper seeks to design the pattern of educational policy in educating the country, emphasizing the family institution, was based on the 'data' qualitative method based on the 'interview' tool. The research community of the research, experts and specialists in the field of educational policy and family , were among them 15 people with theoretical saturation and in the form of targeted sampling and bullet were chosen. The findings of this study indicate that the design of educational policy model with emphasis on family institution is based on the central phenomenon of 'multidimensional participatory policy' in the scientific dimensions of process, intellectual and financial, which causes causal factors such as 'redefineration of the role of stakeholders in education' and Field conditions such as transformation in the existing situation based on 'structural-organizational developments,' 'adoption of the rules and regulations of participation' and 'alignment of family and educational system' are the basis of its that of course, this should not be neglected by the influence of intervention factors such as family, cultural, political and managerial barriers that are largely restrictive of the participation of the family institution. However, what is certain is that the actions of 'management strategies', as well as 'prediction of communication mechanisms and the exchange between family institution and education institution,' can make participatory education policy that consequences in organizational levels (improve the functions of the educational system) and League (individual and social development) will lead to.

Users make many choices every day in the process of using social networks, each of which represents a part of their opinions and interests. In this research we looking for this question, are the telegram users have most interest to which type of posts from content analysis method and what is the content of this posts? The research method is conventional qualitative content analysis with inductive logic. Data collection is done from DCS method by an innovation software That can be an innovative event in social science study and research specially social networks studies. Purposeful sampling was done among 18 channels of Isfahan-based shared posts based on defined criteria and finally coding was done on 135 posts. According to the results of the research, five main categories are visible in posts liked by Isfahan users, namely "tendency for criticismtendency to know" and "Isfahan's Identity" is described below with examples of each of the categories and sub-categories.

Energy policy-making is considered the most important areas affecting the country's development. It plays an important role in strengthening national incomes and improving the country's governance system. In this study, we will seek to identify the future scenarios of provincial gas companies in Iran by focusing on the case of Tehran Gas Company. The research method is based on scenario writing using global business network methodology, which relies on identifying institutional actors, drivers, uncertainties and drawing future scenarios. After scanning the environment, in order to monitor the propulsions and uncertainties, reliable sources and reports of research and strategic institutes in the field of energy and gas were utilized. Moreover, relying on the company managers and experts’ participation in future workshops and also employing MicMac software, two key uncertainties of “energy governance arrangements in Iran” and “international interaction condition” were identified, and based on these uncertainties, four scenarios of Homay Saadat, Siah Zaghparan, Ghoghnoos Tanha, and Simorgh Darmangar were designed. Finally, in accordance with the scenarios, some strategies for the future of the provincial gas companies of Iran have been proposed based on the case of Tehran Gas Company.

Social marketing is regarded as an applicable concepts in the field of philanthropy and non-profit organizations that uses mixed marketing principles to influence the audience’s behavior. It can also lead to the acceptance of a social idea. The ultimate goal of social marketing is to change society and achieve the public good in a long-term approach. In addition to charitable foundations and the development of their activities, increasing public participation in charitable affairs is also considered an under-developed area of social marketing. Therefore, it should be explained based on an empirical approach given the growing number and variety of charities. Today, there is a need for charitable organizations to implement marketing concepts to attract clients for more help. It is also necessary to increase public participation in charitable work. The main purpose of this research is to examine the application of social marketing in the development of charitable activities.

This cross-sectional research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. Library and field methods have been used to collect data. Given that this research focuses on social marketing and charity, a systematic literature review was used to study the past literature. Moreover, the content analysis method was implemented to extract and propose related dimensions and components. In order to prioritize the components, the significance-performance matrix was used, where a questionnaire was employed to collect the experts’ opinions. Then, effective measures for implementation of a social marketing program and attracting public participation were determined as a result of a workshop with the management board of an active charity.

The extracted dimensions and components of social marketing in the field of charity include: goal setting (behavioral goals and cognitive goals), situational analysis (analysis of social marketing program environment, subjective norms to charity, social norms to charity), segmentation (demography dimensions, psychological dimensions, benefits for the target audience), social marketing mix (behavioral suggestion, participation cost, accessibility, social communication, people and participation, program funding), as well as program monitoring and evaluation of its impact (output evaluation, impact assessment). These components can lead to persuasion and persistence in good deeds and generosity behavior (increasing the donation of individual resources to charity, reducing/preventing the donation of individual resources other than charity, influencing macro-policy).

We could identify the following four measures that are proved effective in developing the activities of charitable foundations: holding events, the use of social networks, personal communication and word of mouth advertisement, as well as the use of reference groups and influential people.

The policy network can be considered as a set of governmental and non-governmental actors in the development of public policies that have institutional relations with each other and show the relationships between actors, the dependencies and the flow of resources between them. Policy network analysis can show patterns of relationships, roles, resources, relationships, and power distribution in policy formulation and implementation. Policy networks also have different functions, and they can improve the governance in policy-making. Accordingly, this paper seeks to analyze the policy network of actors the implementation of the Law on Supporting Knowledge-Based Companies and to provide important factors at the level of network structure and network function in order to provide implications for improving network performance. For this purpose, it uses social network analysis and fuzzy cognitive mapping and targets customs, tax and financing incentives. The findings show that coordination function is the most important component in all three policy networks. After that, in financing and customs networks, the structure of the information exchange network and in the tax network, the creation of common goals, norms and values has been the most important component. The least important thing in all three networks was the legitimacy function.

Entering the field of governance training has been seriously considered in recent years.In this study, based on the macro theories of the organization, we will seek to examine the mechanisms of governance schools from the perspective of the role of these centers in empowering governance. And by examining the world's leading government colleges, about 40 government schools were identified and 14 cases have been specifically analyzed. based on the four paradigms of functionalist, structuralist, interpretive and humanistic empowerment, the approaches of the selected governing schools are reviewed and policy recommendations regarding the governing requirements of t Iran are presented.

The goal of this research is to recognize the forces affected social networks on mobile devices. The social networks are defined as internet-based services that let individuals create profiles for themselves and set list of audiences with whom connect and share the content. In Mobile Social Networks, social networks are developed on mobile devices. In addition, Users can upload films and photos in their social networks without desktop. In this kind of social networks, individuals can share content and connect to their friends while they are in movement and involved in their daily life. Forces affected on future include trends, uncertainties and stakeholders. To review English literature, research question and protocol was set. By searching and tracking news, 823 qualified articles were obtained. Between obtained articles, 253 of them were selected and translated based on protocol. By analyzing in technological-environmental, demographic-social, legal-political and economic framework 19 uncertainties, 25 trends and 12 stakeholders are extracted. Concluded that future of Facebook company is the future of social networks. The necessity of international treaty, proper regulation and public education are emphasized.

As the prominent pioneers of social change, elites of every society have an essential role in achieving goals and realizing national policies. By creating supportive capacities and formulating appropriate policies to manage talents, the governance system's future can be made more efficient to achieve public interest. This study's fundamental purpose is to identify strategic approaches in elite field planning, and the central question in this research can be posed as "What are the strategic approaches to determine the key issues in the elite field planning to streamline the governance system?" In this research, to identify the approaches, first documentary studies have been adopted, and in the strategic analysis, Bryson's strategic planning model has been employed. Four strategies for elite policymaking have been proposed: Internal- Agent-Based, External- Agent-Based, Internal- Structure-Based, External- Structure-Based. In the final part, the AHP decision-making model is used to prioritize the proposed approaches, and Internal- Agent-Based and Internal- Structure-Based have been identified as having the highest priority in elite policymaking.

Nowadays, public libraries are going through a critical period and turning point, a time when from one hand and based on the environmental trends affecting them, can be a sign of their future elimination, or on the other hand if they enjoy an accurate picture of the future and adopt appropriate strategies, can provide them with a renewed vital opportunity. This issue is related to the necessity of addressing the future of public libraries with an alternative approach which is usually pursued in futures studies.

In the present study, by focusing on the scenario planning method and the Global Business Network approach to it, the effective environmental trends in the future of public libraries have been identified, and then, by using the method of futures workshops with a participatory action research approach and as well as the views of a selected group of librarians, administrators and active members of libraries, possible future scenarios of Iran public libraries have been mapped. Due to the existing restrictions, these workshops were held in the provinces of Tehran, Mazandaran and Fars (two workshops) based on the degree of libraries, and a workshop was also held for the managers and staff.

In each workshop, five groups designed totally 25 categories of fourfold-scenario based on the choice of two key uncertainties. The research team reached four scenarios through integrating and refining the groupschr('39') mentalities, based on the crossing between two high-frequency uncertainties: 1) manner of centralized or decentralized governance 2) the central role of book or chr('39')User experiencechr('39'). chr('39')Info feedchr('39'), chr('39')Book poolchr('39'), chr('39')Info diggingchr('39') and chr('39')Book mallchr('39') are the titles of these four scenarios. The first uncertainty concerns the focus or lack of focus on decision-making, policy-making, planning and implementation in Iranchr('39')s public libraries, which also affects their financial, budgetary and economic dimensions, such as their expenditure and income patterns. The question which the second uncertainty begs is whether libraries will remain in their current state, which is based solely on books, or whether they will move towards creating a new customer experience? The first integrated scenario, entitled chr('39')Info feedchr('39'), describes empirical libraries in the realm of state governance. The second integrated scenario, called chr('39')Book poolchr('39'), and depicts a book-oriented library in a state-governed environment. The third integrated scenario, called chr('39')Info diggingchr('39') and describes a privately owned empirical library. The fourth integrated scenario, called chr('39')Book mallchr('39'), depicts a book-based library which operates in a space dominated by the private sector.

Those studies thus far conducted in the field of the future of public libraries, especially in Iran, which have used the scenario approach, have not yet applied the workshop approach and participatory action research, which were used in this research.

The present study has done to formulate a desired long-term future vision for Iranchr('39')s gas refining industry from the perspective of sustainable development. The research approach is mixed (qualitative-qua ntitative) and the research strategy is affective content analysis as a research method. The data gathered through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with 24 senior and middle managers of the gas refining industry and academic experts in the field of sustainable development who had selected by purposeful sampling. After identifying key aspects of the sustainable development of Iranchr('39')s gas refining industry, the criteria derived from this process are used to formulate the vision and by analyzing the content of the data obtained from the interviews, the desired long-term future vision for Iranchr('39')s gas refining industry has been formulated from the perspective of sustainable development for the 1430. In the desired long-term future vision, the Iranian gas refining industry, while focusing on gas production as a core business, with expanding downstream industries, extracting all derivatives from gas, countervailing and compensatory measures in the area of climate change, strengthening and partnership with the Local communities, by providing an appropriate framework for transparency and reporting  the information to the community and taking appropriate measures to maintain environmental equilibrium, it works in a level beyond the production of gas by creating sustainable value for the community from the wealth of natural resources.

The present study aims to clarify the indices of Iranian national identity as well as the indices in contrast with them in order to define the big picture of Iranian future national identity from the surface level to the deepest levels.

Having conducted interview and coding and using them as the input for causal layered analysis, the present study seeks to describe the reasons and factors of cyber security threats for national Identity of Islamic Republic of Iran from surface to deep layers.

Iranians’ national identity has been threatened in different layers. Although that threat is to some degree caused by weak political and economic systems, the west taking advantage of its soft power against Iran has strengthened that threat at the level of worldview and metaphor leading the users to contempt their country and underestimating its success and development as well as believing whatever content produced and released by the west.

Iranian national identity in cyberspace is presented by 11 defining indices and 15 contradictory indices. The contradictory ones in systems layer outnumber the defining ones which means critical attention when formulating strategies to strengthen Iranian national identity in cyberspace.

The background of policymaking and decision making in systems is interwoven with the history science of management. Early approaches and theories in this field of study are mainly based on engineering and quantitative approaches, and are occupied by methods developed in the discourse of "scientific management". Yet, recent approaches in this field are taken from emerging subdivisions of management discipline containing futurology and science and technology policymaking qualitative, contain descriptive and explanatory aspects. This research is intended to have a review study of the approach of the innovation system, its discourse (and perhaps its paradigm), its elements and components, and to briefly introduce the theories developed within it, and to focus on the conceptual or policymaking dimensions, and decision-making process in this type of system. As a new approach, the innovation system contains a background of less than three decades in the history of science and technology. Hence, this study tries to investigate theoretical deficiencies in both the conceptual, scientific and technological policymaking processes, and to highlight its weaknesses. This review shows that the approach involves serious weaknesses in some of its components such as institution, disregarding strategic policies and lack of appropriate system tools. Moreover, the innovation system approach does not offer novel causal and analytical (rather than descriptive) theories for the policymaking process of science and technology.

The purpose of this research was to formulate the novel policies, strategies and scenarios based on the preferred foresight of national elite sport development. The methodology was foresight focused on analysis method of cross impact and scenario writing. We used expert panel sampling which was purposive selection and sample size included 16 experts. Also, MICMAC as a strategic foresight software program has been utilized to analyze the cross impacts.  The influential driving forces were extracted from the research background and expert panel. The influence and dependence were identified. Finally, three key driving forces including the stability of tenure of managerial personnel and meritocracy, the national strategy to host mega-events and the government’s attention to women sport were introduced, the scenarios were formulated and the probable futures were described.  The founding can open a different vision before managers’ eyes in elite sport. The stability of the tenure of management creates the enough opportunities to conduct plans; the meritocracy in terms of human resources employment makes the executive levers for managers; to host the event leads to develop infrastructure and gain the authorities’ attention to sport; finally, the women’s sport potential must be considered due to the global prominence of women’s sport growth.

The increasing impact of cyberspace and social networks in different areas necessitates the need for more and more accurate attention by the scientific institutions. Focus on ‘the impact of social networks on a specific cultural context’ is one area of ​study. Isfahan, as one of the civilizational areas with a long history in the cultural and social fields, is one of the cultural contexts that has a special role in the social and cultural changes for our country. Nearly two decades after the advent of the Internet and mobile phones in Iran, it may be a good opportunity to examine the works produced by academics and researchers in the context of scientific articles in this field. Certainly, one of the appropriate methods for this purpose is the systematic review method in which the statistical population is the existing research in the field under study. In this article, we seek to answer the following questions: What are the strengths and weaknesses of scientific articles written on the subject of social networks and cyberspace in Isfahan's field problematically, theoretically, and methodologically? And, on the other hand, what is the position of Isfahan`s cultural context in this research area? Finally, on the way forward, what are some suggestions for better policy making in this field of study?

The method used in this research is systematic review. The systematic review of the texts is a scientific method to systematically identify some research results and to synthesize them in a standardized and systematic way to answer a related question. A systematic review of the texts has four essential steps: 1) deciding on the type of texts to review, 2) studying and understanding what the authors have brought to their work, 3) evaluating the ideas, research methods and results of each texts, and 4) summarizing the content of the texts or documents or evidence reviewed. The population of this study is scientific articles indexed in internal scientific databases. This research has carried out on 30 scientific articles on the subject of cyberspace whose field of study was Isfahan. The articles have been evaluated by an inverse questionnaire and its results are presented in descriptive and analytical formats.

 Based on the results of the research, it seems that the most important factor in selecting the research field was its availability. Most studies are in the field of sociology and political science. The year of publication of articles indicates an increasing trend in the publication of articles on the subject of cyberspace. In most of the papers, the researchers have not pay attention to the context and field of study, since 86% of the articles were survey, but few with qualitative and mix methods. Statistical population in most of the articles were students. Almost one-third of the papers had a clear theoretical framework, among which a few had used media and communication theories in their theoretical model. In summing up the articles, very few articles have focused on providing a strategy based on research results in our systematic review. After reviewing the descriptive dimensions of the articles, the following critiques have presented: cognitive (lack of attention to study context), methodological (lack of methodological diversity, overcoming positivist approach, disregard for interpretive and critical approaches, and generalization). The uncertainty of these studies (theoretical underpinnings, lack of theories related to the subject of research) has also been expressed. Then, appropriate suggestions have been made in three levels of approach (changing attitudes towards 'cultural and social context', 'social networks' in Humanities research), methodology (making more use of qualitative and synthetic methods, as well as using diverse statistical population) and appropriate structure for future research policy and planning.