alireza karimi

Martyr Soleimani is a humanizing school for students; the present study was conducted during the academic year 1402-1403, with the participation of 37 eleventh grade humanities students, with the aim of familiarizing students with the school of Martyr Soleimani as a model for the Islamic Revolution. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.The results of this study indicate that students aged 15 to 17 are influenced by the perception of the behavior of famous role models. They learn and behave by observing the behavior of their role models and the consequences of it. This result further highlights the importance of the social environment and having a good and healthy role model.In this area, the school of martyr Hajj Qassem Soleimani and the martyrs is considered the best way to build culture and education. Students at this age usually take as role models people who are important to them. They learn more from their friends in the school environment than from their family. Therefore, educating students to the level of the Islamic Revolution in school and the classroom is more important than anywhere else.

Dysregulation of thyroid function, manifesting as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, can profoundly impact an individual's overall health. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have the potential to revolutionize diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and patient monitoring.

This study comprehensively reviews the latest literature on AI applications in thyroid functional and autoimmune disorders.

An online search was conducted on databases using search queries crafted with MeSH terms related to AI and thyroid disorders. After screening, studies aligned with our research focus were selected for this narrative review.

Multiple studies have explored the use of AI technologies, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), to enhance laboratory workflows for thyroid function tests (TFT) and improve the accuracy of TFT interpretation by incorporating clinical data. In imaging, DL-based models have demonstrated the potential to assist less experienced radiologists in interpreting scintigraphy and ultrasound images. Artificial intelligence has also provided valuable insights into identifying diagnostic genes for thyroid-related autoimmune disorders and understanding the effects of environmental factors, such as chemicals, on thyroid gland function. Some ML models have been developed to predict the risk of hypothyroidism following radioiodine therapy (RAI). Furthermore, AI has shown promise in personalized levothyroxine dose adjustments, predicting treatment responses, and accurately diagnosing complications such as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Finally, ML-based models forecasting the risk of suicide attempts in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and predicting pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preterm delivery, based on TFT results, appear beneficial in addressing these significant health issues.

The current state of AI in diagnosing and treating thyroid function disorders is promising, with applications primarily focused on improving diagnostic accuracy, consistency, and personalized treatment approaches. However, challenges remain that prevent these models from fully substituting professionals. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure AI effectively contributes to the management of patients with thyroid diseases.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can play a significant role in the future of thyroidology. Thyroid nodules are common conditions that may benefit from AI through more accurate and efficient diagnosis, risk stratification, and medical or surgical management.

This paper aims to review the latest developments in AI applications for diagnosing and managing thyroid nodules and cancers.

English full-text articles published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases from January 2014 to March 2024 were collected and reviewed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. A total of 45 studies were selected based on relevance, robust methodology, statistical significance, and broader topic coverage.

Artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful tool for managing thyroid nodules. First, several studies have demonstrated how AI-powered ultrasound interpretation enhances the diagnosis and classification of nodules while reducing the need for invasive fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. Second, AI significantly improves the cytopathological differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules by minimizing reliance on pathologists' expertise and implementing standardized diagnostic criteria. When cytopathology is inconclusive, AI also aids in identifying molecular markers from omics data, distinguishing between normal and cancerous cells. Moreover, AI tools have been developed for prognosis assessment, predicting distant metastasis, recurrence, and surveillance by integrating medical imaging features with molecular and clinical factors. Additionally, some AI tools are designed for intraoperative evaluation, improving surgical techniques and reducing complications during thyroidectomy. In non-surgical treatments, several models have been developed to optimize therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine (RAI) and predict the outcomes of new drug formulations.

Artificial intelligence has the potential to assist physicians in accurate thyroid nodule diagnosis, classification, decision-making, optimizing treatment strategies, and improving patient outcomes. However, there are still limitations to this technology. Artificial intelligence-driven tools require further advancements before they can be fully integrated into clinical practice and replace specialists.

 Land subsidence is the gradual or sudden downward movement of the earth's surface, often resulting from the extraction of groundwater, minerals, or hydrocarbons. This phenomenon, which can cause significant structural damage and environmental degradation, is increasingly prevalent in regions with excessive groundwater abstraction. The primary objective of this study was to assess subsidence in Shiraz Plain, using radar interferometry to analyze ground deformation due to groundwater depletion and other environmental factors, such as droughts and historical lake bed conditions.

  This study employed ENVISAT ASAR C-band radar images from 2007-2009 to investigate subsidence patterns in the Shiraz Plain. The images were processed using ENVI5.3.1 software with the SARscape plugin, including interferometry, ADAPT filters, and Goldstein filtering to mitigate errors and improve image quality. The final phase-to-displacement conversion and geocoding steps resulted in subsidence maps, which were used to analyze displacement across different regions. The data were validated by comparing the generated subsidence maps with field observations.

 The analysis revealed subsidence rates ranging from -14 cm to +5 cm, with the most significant displacements observed in the southeast of Shiraz and parts of Beiza. Ground displacement in urban and agricultural areas was also notable, with an average subsidence rate of -3.5 cm. The primary causes of subsidence in these regions were identified as excessive groundwater extraction, historical lake bed conditions, and geological factors such as fault zones.

The study highlights the importance of sustainable groundwater management to mitigate subsidence risks, and recommends continued monitoring and implementation of water conservation strategies to prevent further ground displacement in the region.

This research seeks to investigate the environmental attitude and some other characteristics of Tehran citizens in the first part, and the role of family and media in the formation of environmental attitudes in the second part, within the context of sociology.The third wave of the national survey of Iranians’ values and attitudes is one of the most accurate surveys in which the environment is formulated as a social issue, in comparison to the other waves of this survey and the other national surveys. Consequently, secondary analysis was implemented to investigate this wave in order to accomplish the objectives of the research.The future of the environment has caused citizens to experience worry and fear, as they have environmental concerns. The environmental attitude of respondents who embrace family as the political reference is significantly more positive than that of those who do not. In addition, individuals from non-democratic families exhibit a significantly more optimistic perspective on the environment than those from democratic families. The more respondents consume television and satellite channels and trust in the cyberspace, the more negative their environmental attitude will be, which can be ascribed to the content they consume in the field of media.In the process of environmental socialization, the media acts more strongly than the family, and in this process, the citizens are environmentally friendly, but there is a large gap between their attitude and action.

Context: 

The diagnostic methods for diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, are rapidly evolving thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). This review explores the applications of AI in risk assessment and diagnosing different types of diabetes.

Evidence Acquisition: 

The review highlights the effectiveness of various ML models, including support vector machines (SVMs), random forests (RFs), and DL techniques like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), in achieving high diagnostic accuracy. Challenges include limited data availability, interpretability of complex models, and the need for standardized performance metrics.

Machine learning methods like SVMs and RFs are highly effective at diagnosing different types of diabetes, and DL techniques like CNNs also show great promise.

Overall, AI has immense potential to revolutionize diabetes diagnosis by facilitating risk assessment and early detection, improving treatment efficacy, and preventing severe complications.

Although, hope has not been raised as a social issue with large dimensions in the policy-making discourse of the country, it was and still is the problem of a large part of the country's people and policy makers. The purpose is sociological study of the interpretation of social hope among the citizens of Tehran. The methodology of this qualitative research, is grounded theory strategy. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 samples. In the open coding stage, 105 open codes, 33 core codes, 9 main categories and 1 core category were extracted from the data coding system. The results of this research narrate the multidimensional meaning of religiosity in restoring hope. It seems that the Tehran citizens, with the hope of infinite support, make enduring hardships meaningful and attribute multidimensional and positive agency to religiosity in the field of restoring hope. Also, religion strengthens the social aspect of hope through the creation of solidarity and cohesion and ultimately helps to reduce social problems in an overt and hidden way.

On the 9th of April 1401, a female German Shepherd dog was referred to the obstetrics department of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with lesions in the genital area and vulva. These lesions with a more malignant form were also present in the throat and jaw area of the dog, which is very rare, and such metastases and malignancies usually lead to the quick death of the animal. The general form of the lesions indicated a TVT tumor. Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is the most prominent of the three transmissible tumors diagnosed in pets and a transmissible round cell neoplasia in dogs. After smear cytology from the vagina and vulva area of the case, it was determined that the lesions were related to the tumor and the animal was referred to the surgery department of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz for surgery, and due to the spread of the lesions and the very high cost of treatment both in terms of chemotherapy and surgery, the owner of the animal refused to continue the treatment.

The aim of the research is to understand and compare the values related to marriage, childbearing and parenting between two generations of mothers and daughters in urban centers of Ilam County. The research method was cross-sectional survey, and data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The cluster sampling method was conducted to gather data of 350 women aged 15 to 30 who have never married, and women aged 35 to 65 who have been married at least once. The findings show that the greatest generational difference are related to the attitudes towards marriage (traditional-modern), relationships outside marriage, childbearing, the appropriate number of children and criteria of spouse selection. In these fields, modern values are more prevalent in the attitudes of daughters compared to those of their mothers. There is consensus between both generations on the necessity of marriage, attitudes towards divorce, the suitable marriage age for girls and boys, the age gap between girls and boys for marriage, parenting, opposition to polygamy and the appropriate marriage time for girls. The findings indicate that the alignment and consensus of the two generations in a significant number of attitudes and differences in other dimensions have caused the generational difference to be more prominent than the generational gap or conflict in this research. Increasing family resilience, fostering intergenerational dialogue in the family, accepting intergenerational differences in the family as a life process in the modern era, and reducing traditional parental authority can prevent intergenerational differences from turning into intergenerational conflicts.

The main purpose of this paper is to identify the level of social vitality in Tehran. In order to achieve this purpose, accorfing to the documents of cultural organizations and institutions, interviews with cultural policy makers, theoretical perspectives, and previous researches, indicators for social vitality were extracted and studied in Tehran.A questionnaire tool that was developed by the researcher and the survey procedure were implemented. Cluster sampling was implemented. The study included 662 individuals aged 15 to 64 who resided in Tehran city and were selected using Cochran's formula.Approximately half of the respondents rated their social vitality as average. The level of social vitality increases in tandem with the increase in the number of children, the improvement of the economic-social mental foundation, and the rise in the economic level. There is a correlation between the lowest educational groups and the greatest level of social vitality. The Kurds exhibit the highest level of social vitality among the ethnic groups that were examined. Married individuals exhibit a significantly greater level of social vitality. National and ancient festivals, travel and tourism, public athletics, and attending concerts and music are considered the criteria of social vitality by over 70% of the respondents.Individual and psycho​logical indicators (hope, dynamism, and vitality) are superior to social indicators of social vitality (life satisfaction and a sense of societal security). Nevertheless, the collective social vitality criteria result in a greater degree of social vitality.

This study aims to explore the generative capacity of Iranian architectural precedents by focusing on disclosing the formal devices used in the relationship between ornament and architecture and discusses a new way of reading ornaments that is neither involved in interpreting the purposes of ornament nor in describing its consequences, instead it reads the relationship between ornament and architecture, which can reveal new dimensions of the internal evolution of architectural form.The importance, variety, and complexity of Iranian Architectural ornaments require appealing to different reading strategies for a complementary and comprehensive studies. in this way, this study, by pointing to the importance of exploring the organizational capacity of form of architectural precedents, intends to reveal the nature of formal devices, that can mediate between ornament and its host object (Architecture).These devices are examined according to the framework established by the "relationship of device / material" belonging to the formalist criticism of Russian literature, through which the architectural form can be understood and examined in its totality and also can be used as a method for generative analysis of architectural precedents. This method does not ignore the visual or self-referential character of the devices, but its main purpose is to reveal the instrumental role of formal devices, and by reading ornaments as one of the components of the architectural form, it tries to present various diagrams with the aim of explaining the relationship between ornament and architecture as new vocabulary to expand the boundaries of the discipline of architecture.

Some social strata in Iranian society underwent changes and transformations during the Ilkhanate period of the Mongols. The Sādāt were one of these strata whose value and prestige increased during the Ilkhanate era. The Ilkhans considered the Sādāt as the social elite of the Iranian society and held them in special respect. Sādāt were predominantly Shia, which further endeared them to the Mongols because the Shiites were more trusted by the Mongols than the Sunnis. The attribution of certain miracles to the Sādāt doubled their credibility among the Mongols. This article addresses the question of what special privileges the Sādāt enjoyed during the Ilkhanate period. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical research method and library data collection approach from primary historical sources, examines the social, economic, political, and managerial status of the Sādāt t during the Ilkhanate period of the Mongols. The findings indicated that the Sādāt were exempt from taxes. With the support of the Ilkhanid rulers, they attained important managerial positions and often held responsibilities and benefits related to endowments. After embracing Islam, the Ilkhans sought to get married with the Sādāt, demonstrating their commitment to Islam and portraying themselves as the rightful inheritors of governing authority over Muslims.

Context: The investigation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is paramount in comprehending the fundamental causes, symptoms, and potential therapeutic approaches for this incapacitating psychological condition. OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts or obsessions, as well as repetitive behaviors or compulsions, which hinder daily functioning and may impact sleep patterns. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of OCD can aid healthcare professionals in devising more efficacious treatment modalities and interventions for individuals afflicted by this disorder. Research on this mental illness can also help diminish the stigma surrounding mental health disorders and promote awareness regarding the importance of seeking assistance for those grappling with OCD. Additionally, research on OCD is imperative for advancing our understanding of the brain and mental health in a broader sense. Such investigations could yield groundbreaking discoveries that might ultimately enhance the overall quality of life for individuals suffering from OCD and other related mental health issues. Evidence Acquisition: Treatment with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), alone or in a combined approach, are considered to be the most effective methods for treating OCD. In addition, Neurofeedback has also represented promise as a treatment for OCD. The difficulties that people with OCD encounter on a daily basis, including the effects on their relationships, career, and emotional well-being, will be covered in this article.

Therefore, in this review, we intend to discuss most popular and efficient OCD treatments, including CBT, SSRIs, and neurofeedback. The pros and cons of these treatments will be covered.

Despite extensive studies, the use of neuroimaging and electroencephalogram (EEG) comparisons in understanding and treating OCD is not well investigated. EEG studies have yielded promising results in identifying neural patterns associated with OCD and determining the efficacy of different treatment approaches.

Environmental reverse engineering is a new approach that can be used to obtain a visual representation of the ancient environment. This method can convey the message to researchers about the conditions under which it is possible to revive past environments. Dynamic systems that rely on current environmental data can be classified based on variable classification and Chaos Theory in Vensim software. This allows for the dynamic algorithm of the relationships between variables and their dependencies to be modeled using "Dynamic Systems" modeling, without facing the limitations of static systems. In this study, using Dem10m data, analysis of written documents, and field data, an initiative was taken to reconstruct the past environment of Jazmourian Lake. The results of the study show that: i) the water level of Jazmourian Lake has a significant role in controlling environmental factors. ii) If the lake restoration scenario is implemented according to the 390-meter terrace as the most effective policy for controlling dust, it can reduce the annual average DSI (Dust Storm Index) by 1. iii) By restoring the lake, the negative effects of dust will be neutralized to a significant extent through increased relative humidity, increased vegetation cover percentage, and surface soil moisture.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between stress and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by quantification of occupational stress using the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire as well as measuring the stress markers in the saliva, including cortisol and immunoglobulin A (IgA), in fourth to sixth-year dental students of Qom Dental School.

In the present study, 60 students were included. A clinical examination was first performed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria/Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD) criteria in order to determine the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) status, and then the DES questionnaire was completed in order to determine the occupational stress level of dental students. Finally, saliva samples were obtained from the students, and the levels of salivary cortisol and IgA were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Independent t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for data analysis (alpha=0.05).

The mean salivary levels of cortisol and IgA were found to be 4.74 ± 2.80 ng/mL and 220.26 ± 121.22 µg/mL, respectively. The mean DES score was 2.48 ± 0.58. Of all students, 24 (40%) suffered from TMDs. There was no correlation between cortisol and IgA levels and the DES score (P>0.05). No significant relationship was found between TMD and salivary cortisol, salivary IgA, or DES score (P>0.05).

Stress is one of the most important causes of TMDs. Although salivary biomarkers are known as useful markers for detection of stress in patients with TMDs, this issue was not confirmed in the present study.

The city of Tabriz, after being in the hands of the Ottoman Empire about eighteen and a half years, was recaptured by the military action of Shah Abbas I of Safavid. This period was the longest time that the city of Tabriz remained under the reign of the Ottoman government, and it was the first and the last time that it was annexed to the territory of a hostile country through an official treaty; Because before and after this date, it experienced military occupation by the Ottomans. This event is narrated difrently in Safavid and Ottoman sources. This research is a comparative study of these two narratives as an example of the differences and similarities of the historiography of an event in two hostile fronts. The writing method of the article is descriptive-analytical, and it has been provided in the library method by referring to Iranian and Ottoman works.

Soils and landforms have a strong relationship and archive evidence of climatic and environmental changes. Alluvial fans are one of the most important landforms in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Climate changes in the Quaternary, especially in the late Pleistocene, had a significant effect on the evolutions of alluvial fans in arid and semi-arid regions. Alternate of sedimentation and soil formation in alluvial are the consequences of periodic climate change. Organisms are one of the main factors of soil formation. Biological crusts are part of organisms that are abundant in dry lands and especially in alluvial fans; however, their role in soil formation has been less studied. Biological soil crusts by providing the suitable biological activity, effect on trapping of aeoilian materials and hydrological processes affect the soil formation processes. The chemical properties of the soil affect the catabolic capacity of the soil and it is very different among the different layers of the soil. However, few studies have addressed the effect of processes on soil microbial respiration during change and evolution and pedogenic state. The objectives of this research were to 1) investigate the evolution of soils along the gradient from upstream to downstream of the alluvial fan and 2) investigate the changes in microbial respiration in different layers of soil and the factors affecting it.

The studied area is an alluvial fan in Razavi Khorasan province, in the southern slopes of the Binaloud mountain range. The climate of the region is semi-arid and the soil moisture and temperature regimes are Aridic border on Xeric and mesic, respectively. Three soil profile in the upper, middle, and base part of the alluvial fan were described. Bulk and undisturbed soil samples were collected from various soil horizons for subsequent physical, chemical, and micromorphological analyses. In addition, the microbial soil respiration was measured in all horizons. The soils were classified according to Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base ‎methods. ‎

Sequences of sedimentation and soil formation were observed in the soil profiles. Vesicular (V), argillic (Bt), argillic-calcic (Btk), calcic (BCk) and cambic (Bw) horizons were the diagnostic soil horizons of the studied soils. Soil profiles of the middle and base were Xeric Calciargids in the subgroup category of Soil Taxonomy; while soil profile of the apex soil was Xeric Haplocambids. In the profiles, a thin vesicular horizon (V) was formed under the desert pavement. Below the vesicular horizon, evidence of clay illuviation, pedogenic carbonate nodules, and calcium oxalates in roots were observed in thin sections. This evidence shows the role of biological crusts in the formation of these features. In the lower horizons of the profiles, pedogenic carbonate nodules, carbonates pendants and clay coatings were observed. It seems that the upper soil (vesicular and underlying Bt horizons) were developed in the more humid periods of the Holocene, and biological crusts also played a key role in the processes of calcification and clay illuviation. The argillic horizons in the lower layers were formed during the stable periods of the late Pleistocene. The irregular microbial respiration mainly indicated difference in microbial activities labile organic matter content. The argillic horizons had the lowest microbial respiration, due to decomposition of organic materials during soil formation. In contrast, soil respiration was the highest in surface and calcic horizons. It seems that preservation of organic materials by carbonate complication. However, it is suggested to investigate the carbon fractions in relation to microbial biomass in the studied horizons.

In this area, biological crusts and vegetation affected the formation of soil in the aeolian sediments of the Vk and AVk horizons and played a significant role in creating the Bt horizon in profiles 2 and 3. The study of landform profiles showed the formation of calcic and argillic horizons in the past climate, while the Bt horizon of the upper layers was formed in the current Holocene period. This form of the argillic horizon is slightly different from the soils of the Iranian region because these horizons have not been reported so far. It has been proven that there were humid periods in the Holocene, and it needs more studies at present. The study of soil microbial respiration in landform horizons showed that argillic horizons decreased the amount of microbial respiration, while it increased in classical horizons.

ʿUthmān Pāshā, son of Özdimīr, the Circassian grand vizier and Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman army attacked Tabriz with a massive army in A.H. 993/ A.D. 1585 upon the orders of Sultan Murād ʿUthmānī III. The Ottoman forces completely overpowered the Șafavīd army and gained control over the city rather easily, due to the incompetence and physical weakness of the Safavid  king, and division and dispersion among the leaders of Qizilbāsh tribes. In this way, the Ottomans established dominance over Tabriz (the most important city of Iran at that time) for nearly two decades. The Safavid  defeat and the capture of Tabriz have been proudly mentioned in many Ottoman resources and are reflected in the works of several Ottoman historians, both earlier and later. Among these works, one is " Murādnāme" or " Tabrīzīyye" by Taʿlīkī-Zāde Mehmed Subhi Çelebi Efendi . The author of this work witnessed the attack on Tabriz and recorded some of the events of this military campaign. The present article investigates this work and explores the state of affairs for the people of Tabriz as a fallen city, facing incursion and massacre. The events recorded in  Tabrīzīyyeh  are part of the unspoken social history of people of Tabriz during that period. The present research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and adopts the library method, relying on Safavid -Ottoman resources and some of the more recent work, shedding light on some of the hidden aspects of Ottoman’s affairs in Tabriz following the city’s capture, and providing a better understanding of the city’s urban space and the ethics and costumes of its inhabitants.

The birth and presence of a child with a disability in the family and the emergence of special needs have always been significant and controversial issues in the field of psychopathology and social psychology, because it affects the quantity and quality of the relationships of the members and creates a transformation in the usual family conditions. And how family members interact can cause confusion and increase psychological pressure in parents and other children, and as a result, it harms the family's performance and efficiency. All children have needs, but exceptional children have special needs in addition to those needs. living with a child with a disability can have a profound effect on family members. A child with a disability inevitably takes a large amount of the family's income, energy, and time. This issue can affect the relationship between spouses, parents and other children, siblings and other relatives. Meanwhile, people who have siblings with disabilities are greatly affected by this issue. Since the relationship between siblings is one of the longest family ties in a person's life span; It is possible that siblings of a child with a disability resent the extra care they receive from their parents. It is worth mentioning that each type of disability has different and unique effects on the experiences of siblings. In fact, each type of physical, mental or behavioral disability of a child provides unique and different challenges for other family members. In the meantime, the presence of obvious clinical signs in the child's disability can increase the importance and sensitivity of the issue; Because some children with special needs, such as children with Down syndrome, are easily recognized at birth, but others, such as a group of children with hearing impairment, cannot be recognized for a long time. For this reason, siblings of children with disabilities who have obvious clinical symptoms, including Down syndrome, are in a more special situation than siblings of children with disabilities who do not have obvious clinical symptoms. Investigating a construct such as resilience can create an opportunity to pay attention to possible positive consequences in addition to paying attention to the negative consequences of having a sibling with a disability. On the other hand, previous research evidence indicates that the quality of resilience affects the self-efficacy of this group of people. How families deal with them and their type of upbringing and the support that society provides to families with children with special needs may affect the resilience of siblings to the challenges of transformational processes as well as the quality of life among this group of caregivers. In the research literature, the quality of life is a multi-dimensional construct that mental factors along with cultural components, including people's beliefs and attitudes, have an impact on its perception; On the other hand, due to the lack of integrated services and supports from the educational and treatment systems, the type and quality of family efficiency, family interactions and social support are different according to the economic and social status among the families of children with special needs; In addition, there may be a different type of perception of disordered conditions or certain beliefs and opinions among this group of siblings in facing challenging situations that affect the quality of life compared to siblings of normal children. Therefore, due to the special conditions that prevail in families with children with special needs, examining family interactions, quality of life and social support are also very important, and previous researches also indicate the relationship between resilience and family interactions, family efficiency, quality of life and have been social support. In the current research, we chose intellectual disability from among the types of disabilities, and based on the observability of the disability and the obviousness of the clinical symptoms in the individual, we focused on and studied Down syndrome, and referring to the research literature and considering the topics that were raised, the aim The main purpose of this research is to test and fit the proposed model of the causal relationship between family interactions and quality of life with resilience, considering the mediating role of social support in siblings of children with Down syndrome.

In this descriptive-correlation study, the statistical population consisted of all siblings of students with Down syndrome in Ahvaz city in the academic year 2017-2018, and 278 people were selected as a sample from among the statistical population using the purposeful sampling method. Resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2002), quality of life (World Health Organization, 1998), family interactions (Elson and Barnes, 2004) and social support (Zimmet et al., 1988) questionnaires were used to collect data. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data and path analysis method was used to evaluate the proposed model.

The results of this study showed that the present model is valid for siblings of children with Down syndrome, and a positive and significant relationship was observed in the direct and indirect paths of the research. There is a positive and significant relationship between family interactions, quality of life and social support with resilience. Also, the indirect effect of family interactions, quality of life and resilience with the mediation of social support has been positive and significant, and it can be said that social support can play a mediating role between family interactions and quality of life and resilience.

The findings of the present study are considered a new step in developing predictive theoretical models for siblings of children with Down syndrome. In general, the results showed that the present model is valid for siblings of children with Down syndrome, and a positive and significant relationship was observed in the direct and indirect paths of the research. There is a positive and significant relationship between family interactions, quality of life and social support with resilience. Also, the indirect effect of family interactions, quality of life and resilience with the mediation of social support has been positive and significant, and it can be said that social support can play a mediating role between family interactions and quality of life and resilience. The findings of the present research are considered a new step in developing predictive theoretical models for siblings of children with Down syndrome and can be useful as a suitable model for developing and designing programs to strengthen their resilience.

Civil engineering is one of the oldest and most extensive engineering professions. The aim of this study was to analyze the descriptive and content structure of scientific productions of Iranian researchers in the field of civil engineering in the Web of Science (WoS) during 2013-2022.

The statistical population of this quantitative, applied, descriptive and analytical study consisted all scientific productions of Iranian scientists in the field of civil engineering in WoS during the years 2013-2022. This study was carried out by the scientometric method, using VOSviewer software to draw scientific maps and Excel and SPSS software to analyze the data. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data were normal or not, and the research hypotheses were tested with the Spearman correlation coefficient.

Most documents were published in 2021. Totally, 99.9% of the documents are written in English. The leading Iranian authors in this field are Ali Kaveh with the highest number of scientific productions (188), Mehdi Shariati with the highest number of citations (4917 citations) and Omid Bozorg-Haddad with the highest total linkage strength (230). Optimization (total linkage strength=689) was the most important in the network and the degree of centrality. There was also a significant relationship between the number of documents and the number of citations of the participating universities/organizations in the production of scientific documents in the field of civil engineering in the WoS (p< 0.001).

There was a significant relationship between the number of documents and the number of citations of Iranian authors in the field of civil engineering in the WoS. Moreover, Islamic Azad University is located in the center of the density map of the co-authorship network of universities and institutions in the field of civil engineering, indicating the importance of this university in the co-authorship network of institutions.

The phenomenon of administrative corruption in today's world, especially in developing countries, has been raised as one of the most important obstacles to the progress of society. This phenomenon has caused irreparable damage to the speed of the development wheel in society, weakens trust and social capital in society, and keeps social institutions away from fulfilling their specific missions and duties. Therefore, in this research, an attempt was made to explore the issue of administrative corruption, underlying factors and mechanisms of the occurrence of corruption in Tehran municipality, and the interaction of the effective factors in the occurrence of administrative corruption and its persistence. The methodological strategy applied was mix method, so that the first part was based on the qualitative method of grounded theory with an inductive-exploratory strategy. The results obtained from grounded theory were evaluated through the questionnaire tool and survey method. According to the findings, the incidence of administrative corruption in Tehran municipality is caused by eleven main factors. In the "To what extent is it in the municipality" section, the highest level of corruption was related to bribery in the stages of planning and issuing the completion of work with an average of 0.4. In the section "To what extent have you or your colleagues encountered this phenomenon", the highest exposure was related to the factor of procrastination and lack of supervision with an average of 2.95.

In the present era, the family has undergone extensive changes affected by social changes and deformations. The Iranian family has not been dismissed by these changes so that its structure, especially the relationships between people within the family has undergone fundamental changes, so that they have faced with various issues and problems such as family violence .The purpose of the present study is to understand the meaning, causes and consequences of family violence experienced by spouses among the people who referred to the court of the Isfahan. The data were collected on the basis of a qualitative research using deep interviews and analyzed with the help of "thematic analysis". Finally, the results were categorized in six main themes, "profiteering and preference for personal benefit to common interests", "heterogeneous thought and behavior and unsimilarity and understanding", "the pressures of children and spouse's family resulted from the negative role of spouse", "imposition of equality and mutual action", "imposed structures, reinforcing and violence in society" and "continuous cycle of violence. The understanding the meaning of family violence is different in men and women in proportion to experienced instances. The family violence is interwoven with a variety of reasons in its shaping .However, the violence can be considered as any kind of harm done by spouses, which causes the creation of problem in their relationships and loss of kindness, and calm and respect in family. Among the consequences of family violence is the type of continuous violence cycle based on the taking of revenge and repay strategies. This cycle starts with the act of violence of one party and continues with the opposite of violence of the other, such that it may start from moral violence and turn into psychological, physical, sexual, social and economic violence. Thus, the most important consequence of family violence will be the continuation of violence in a consecutive cycle and with different issues from the individual to family and social domains.

Contrary to the belief of some historical researchers, who believe that after Shah Abbas II and during the reign of Shah Suleiman Safavid, the Safavid dynasty was on the decline in every respect, especially in terms of military and policing. It seems that in the case of a more detailed study of the sources, a different result can be reached to some extent. During the period of Shah Suleiman, Iran witnessed significant changes in various fields such as economy, foreign policy, administrative system and military and law enforcement organization. Although this development was due to the merit and cooperation of Sheikh Ali Khan Zanganeh, the famous Safavid Grand Vizier, who was also considered a military commander; But undoubtedly, the merit and competence of Shah Suleiman should not be ignored. During the era of Shah Suleiman Safavid, did the continuation of the policy of Shah Abbas I in the field of creating a stable and conscripted army lead to the strengthening of Iran's military and policing, and did this process increase security on the borders and inside Iran? The findings of the research indicate that: the number of conscripted troops in the period of Shah Suleiman reached the maximum possible in the Safavid period. Artillery was revived and the production of all kinds of firearms grew significantly. The number of gunners and gunners increased and the continuous training of slaves for military affairs in the center continued with greater strength. This army, which was strengthened through training and equipping with firearms, not only prevented the Russians or the Ottomans from attacking Iran, but also repelled the rebellion of all tribes such as the Baluchs, Turkmens and Kurds in different parts of Iran.

The present study was conducted with the aim of future research of the family position in strong Iran; reached theoretical saturation after 14 interviews. Thematic content analysis was chosen as its analysis method. The statistical population of this research is made up of female student teachers of Farhangian University in Tehran province. Sampling was done using the purposeful sampling method. The sample volume was determined based on reaching the theoretical saturation level. In order for the interview questions to have sufficient credibility, not only one question was used, but several questions were used to understand the content. Also, these questions were confirmed by several expert professors. Data analysis was done with Excel and Spss statistical software after the completion of data collection. The results of the research indicate that, from the point of view of the female student teachers of Tehran province as the future mothers of the country, the factors that harm the childbearing of working mothers in the education sector are: unmanaged virtual space for children during attendance Mother at work, lack of sufficient religious education in kindergartens, high workload and mother's inability to separate work and school, problems of working mothers' leave and teacher's transfer and lack of necessary and suitable incentives for young cultural couples to have children. In addition, the damages and consequences of the country's population decrease in the future, respectively, include: the lack of the country's defense forces,