shahrokh makvand hosseini

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on internal coherence, ego strength, and symptoms of panic disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test/post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all people suffering from panic disorder who were referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Tehran between October and December 1402. 30 patients with panic disorder were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The research tools were an internal coherence questionnaire (Arqabai et al. 2013, ISQ), a psychological inventory of ego strength (Strom et al. 2017, PIES), and a panic disorder severity scale (Shiyer et al. 1997, PDSS). The experimental group underwent 10 90-minute sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. Data analysis was done using multivariate covariance analysis. The findings showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the post-test average of the two experimental and control groups in the variables of internal coherence, ego strength, and panic symptoms (P ≥ 0.01). Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in improving internal coherence, ego strength, and panic symptoms of people with panic disorder.

The aim of the present study is to find out the factors affecting social vitality in students with an emphasis on strategy. The method of implementation in this study is documentary and library studies. The necessary content for writing this article was obtained through searching the internet databases Google Scholar, Jihad Daneshgahi (SID), Magiran, and Google general search engine. The keywords used in the internet search were social vitality, elementary schools, strategy, influential factors. In fact, the research examined the state of social vitality and the factors affecting it. The results of this study indicate that firstly, the importance of the spirit of cheerfulness and cheerfulness is due to the impact of this issue on the educational dynamics of most schools and students in playing a positive social role in school and society. Secondly, social vitality and cheerfulness should not be considered as one dimension and should be addressed in its various aspects.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with diet therapy and analytical psychotherapy (AP) combined with diet therapy on weight loss and impulsivity in obese people.

Methods and Materials:

 The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The research population included all people suffering from obesity who referred to the psychological and diet therapy centers of the 3rd and 7th districts of Tehran between the first of July and the second half of August 2023; 52 eligible people were included in the study and were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Deta Were collected using the of impulsivity inventory (Dickman,1990) and analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.

The effect of time, the effect of group and the interaction effect of time and group on weight loss and impulsivity variables were significant(P<0.0001). In the two intervention groups cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with diet therapy and analytical psychotherapy (AP) combined with diet therapy, there was a significant difference in the average scores of weight loss and impulsivity in the pre-test-follow-up(P<0.0001) stages; However, no significant difference was observed in the average scores of weight loss and impulsivity in the post-test-follow-up stages.

Based on the findings, the cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with diet therapy and analytical psychotherapy combined with diet therapy has a significant effect on the weight loss and impulsivity in obese people.

The current paper aimed to investigate the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive flexibility and selective attention of high school students. A total of 30 high school students from Tehran were selected. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, using a convenience sampling method. The sample size for each group was determined to be 15, based on an effect size of 0.3, a power of 0.8, and an alpha of 0.05. The experimental group received 16 sessions of 45-minute computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention. The control group received no intervention. Research tools included the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT). The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with SPSS 26 software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in some components of cognitive flexibility and selective attention. The findings demonstrated that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation intervention was effective on cognitive flexibility and selective attention of high school students.

Considering the profound influence of parent-child relationships on child vulnerability and mental health, prioritizing the improvement of this bond becomes crucial. While combined programs have garnered substantial recognition for their heightened effectiveness, regrettably, no research has yet explored a comparative analysis of their efficacy. This study aims to assess and compare the effectiveness of combining parent management training (PMT) with both acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) and mindful parenting in improving the parent-child relationship.

The study employed a quasi-experimental design, specifically a pre-test and post-test method, with a three-month follow-up period. A control group was included to enhance the validity of the results. The statistical population comprised all mothers of preschool children in Semnan City, Iran in 2022. Using convenience sampling, 36 mothers were selected and randomly assigned to three groups, two experimental groups and one control group. Random assignment was achieved using a lottery-based method without replacement. The sample in experimental groups participated in an integrated training program, which consisted of two-hour sessions conducted eight times per week. Conversely, the control group was placed on a waiting list. The data analysis phase involved utilizing SPSS software, version 23 and applying multivariate covariance analysis. 

The results of the study indicated that both combined programs exhibited a significant impact on reducing conflicts within the parent-child relationship and fostering closeness (P<0.001). However, no significant effect was observed on parent-child dependency (P>0.05). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the two combined programs regarding their effectiveness in enhancing the parent-child relationship. These results remained consistent during the follow-up stage. 

This study highlighted that these programs have exhibited a significant capacity to enhance the parent-child relationship by fostering a sense of closeness and effectively mitigating conflicts. These results indicated that the integration of ACT or mindful parenting principles with PMT can provide valuable interventions for enhancing parent-child.

Covid-19 is a new and unknown type of disease originating from the virus of the covid family, which causes the death of about 2% of patients with acute respiratory symptoms. The main symptoms of this virus are fever, cough, shortness of breath, extreme fatigue, etc. (1). In the meantime, generalized anxiety disorder is a type of general anxiety from the set of anxiety disorders in DSM-5, which makes people with this disorder constantly worry about future events; So that this chronic worry causes disturbance in the daily functioning process of a person and makes him suffer a lot (4). Despite the mentioned content, it is difficult to separate people with generalized anxiety disorder from normal people, and for this reason, several views have been presented about the cause of morbid anxiety (5). Cognitive theorists believe that false beliefs cause anxiety. For example, Ellis states that external factors cannot make a person anxious and it is the feeling of incompetence to deal with threatening risks that makes him anxious (6). Also, researches about generalized anxiety show that one of the main characteristics of people with generalized anxiety is referential thinking, which is one of the metadiagnostic processes that has a high correlation with emotional disorders, and in general, it can be said that it is the same characteristic in most mental disorders (8).On the other hand, people with general anxiety also have difficulty organizing their emotional experiences and find them annoying. So, these people do not use the positive skills of cognitive emotion regulation (15). Cognitive regulation of emotion is one of the most important criteria for diagnosing the level of mental health. Because people in stressful situations use various strategies such as magnifying the event, positive evaluation, acceptance, and planning (16). The cognitive regulation of emotion is an internal and external conflict. Any damage in the cognitive regulation of emotion makes people more vulnerable to depression and anxiety disorders (17). According to the above material, the researcher is trying to answer the question, is there a difference between referential thinking and cognitive emotion regulation strategies of people with generalized anxiety who have recovered from Corona and the normal group?

The current research is descriptive and causal-comparative based on the objectives and method of data collection. The statistical population of the present study was composed of people who visited one of the health centers of Alborz province in November and December 2019 (about 300 people). Among them, 50 people whose corona test was positive and after 2-3 weeks their test was negative and based on Spitzer's generalized anxiety questionnaire, they were diagnosed with corona anxiety disorder. Available and targeted sampling method after completing the consent form and observing the ethical principles of the research by the researcher (confidentiality and the least possibility of harm or risk) as a sample in the group recovered from Corona and 50 people who were tested from the beginning was negative and the score of anxiety questionnaire of generalized disorder was not significant, they were selected as healthy group. And after explaining the purpose of the research, they completed questionnaires of referential thinking (Ehring et al., 2010), generalized anxiety (Spitzer et al., 2006) and cognitive regulation of emotion (Garnefsky et al., 2001). Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and Kalmogorov Smirnov tests to check the normal distribution of data, Levine's test to check the homogeneity of variances and multivariate variance analysis using spss software version 25 for analysis Data statistics were used.

The demographic and descriptive results showed that the average age of the subjects in the normal group was 34.77 and the group with general anxiety recovered from Corona was 35.33 years old. The highest number of subjects was 33 years old (26 subjects: 53.8% married and 46.2% single) and the least number of subjects was 40 years old (7 subjects: 42.9% married and 57.1% single). Also, the largest number of subjects had undergraduate education.It was also found that the mean and standard deviation of referential thinking in the group with general anxiety recovered from Corona was higher than the normal group, but the scores of the normal group were higher in the variable of cognitive regulation of emotion.The results of the multivariate analysis of variance test showed that there is a significant difference between the referential thinking and the cognitive emotion regulation strategies of the normal group and the group with general anxiety recovered from Corona (P < 0.001). On the other hand, by observing the effect size calculated in Table 2, it seems that referential thinking explains 7.2% and cognitive emotion regulation strategies explain 45.2% of the variance of this difference.

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing referential thinking and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in people with general anxiety recovered from Corona with the normal group. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the two groups of normal people and people with general anxiety recovered from Corona in reference thinking variables, so that the scores of people with generalized anxiety recovered from Corona are higher than healthy people. In the explanation of the obtained findings, it can be said that referential thinking increases a person's worry by creating repetitive negative thoughts and mental rumination, and since the structure of worry is one of the main characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder (24), it can be said that it is one of the causes of the disorder Pervasive anxiety is the presence of referential thoughts, and after that, people who have faced a lot of life and financial losses due to the corona situation show the diagnostic criteria of generalized anxiety disorder with symptoms of referential thoughts.Another finding of the current research showed that there is a significant difference between people with generalized anxiety who have recovered from Corona and healthy people in using cognitive emotion regulation strategies; So that people withgeneralized anxiety recovered from Corona use negative strategies in the cognitive regulation of emotion far more than healthy people. In explaining the results of the data, it can be mentioned that human emotions play an important role in his life, especially in adapting to life changes and unpleasant environmental and stressful events, especially when a person has a negative emotional experience such as Chronic diseases or a threatening event are encountered. Research results show that people who use incompatible strategies are more vulnerable to emotional problems (18). On the other hand, it seems that people who use non-adaptive strategies in the stressful conditions of the outbreak of the Corona virus show far more symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.The findings of this research showed that there is a difference between referential thinking and cognitive emotion regulation strategies between two groups of people with generalized anxiety who recovered from Corona and the normal group. In this way, in addition to the problems and complications related to their disease, people with corona are also involved in some psychological problems. These issues and problems can cause the aggravation and continuation of the symptoms and complications of the Covid-19 disease. Therefore, it is necessary for specialists in this field to pay special attention to the psychological aspects of patients. Timely psychological examinations of these patients can play an important role in preventing the exacerbation and continuation of symptoms and complications.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system and causes numerous psychological issues in patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of imagery rescripting and reprocessing therapy (IRRT) on emotional processing in women with MS.

This was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest study with two groups (intervention and control). The statistical population comprised MS-afflicted women registered with the Tehran MS Association. Thirty women with MS were selected via convenience sampling and were placed into experimental and control groups (n=15). The intervention group received seven 90-minute sessions of imagery rescripting and reprocessing therapy, whereas the control group received no educational intervention during this period. The Emotional Processing Scale was used to collect data, and the Repeated measures ANOVA procedure was used for data analysis.

As regards emotional processing, there was a significant difference between the IRRT group and the control group (P<0.001). The results demonstrated that imagery rescripting and reprocessing improved emotional processing in MS patients, whereas the control group exhibited no significant change over time.

IRRT assists individuals in managing negative emotions. Therefore, imagery rescripting and reprocessing training is recommended to improve emotional processing in MS patients.

Emotional regulation plays an important role in students' academic adjustment, therefore. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral play therapy in emotion regulation and academic adjustment of students with dyslexia.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. From the statistical population that included all second grade elementary school male and female students with dyslexia in district one of Karaj city in the academic year 2020-2021, 30 were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.. And responded to the Gross and John (2003) Regulation Questionnaire and the Academic Adjustment Questionnaire by Troop et al. (1953). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of educational intervention of cognitive-behavioral therapy, while the control group was on the waiting list. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that cognitive behavioral play therapy improved emotion regulation and increased academic adjustment of students with dyslexia (P <0.01).

Considering the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral play therapy in improving emotion regulation and academic adjustment of students with dyslexia, it is recommended to use this method along with formal school curricula.

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the combined program of parent management training and parenting based acceptance and commitment therapy on parental stress, parent-child relationship, and child's externalizing problems.The research was semi-experimental in the form of a pre-test, and post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The research community was the mothers of children aged 4 to 9 years in Semnan city in 1400. 24 mothers were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 two-hour intervention sessions while the control group was on the waiting list. The research tools were Abidin's parenting stress index, Pianta's parent-child relationship scale, and Eyberg's child behavior questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the parental stress, parent-child relationship, and the child's externalized problems. Only in the dependence subscale, it can be seen that this difference is not significant. This combined program can be effective in reducing parenting stress and externalizing problems of the child and reduce conflicts between parents and children and bring closer their relationship, but it is not effective in the degree of parent-child dependence.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the combined program of parent management training and mindful parenting training on parental stress, parent-child relationship, and child's externalizing problems.

The research was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up with a control group. The population of the current study was made up of all mothers with children aged 4 to 9 years in Semnan city in 1400, from among whom 24 mothers were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 16 hours combined program in two hours per week, while the control group was placed on the waiting list. The research tools included Abidin's parenting stress index (1995), Pianta's parent-child relationship scale (1992), and Eyberg's Child Behavior Inventory (1978). Data analysis was done through multivariate covariance analysis with SPSS-23 software.

The mentioned program can be effective in reducing parenting stress (p<0/05) and the child's externalized problems (p<0/05), it is also effective in reducing conflicts between parents and children and bringing their relationship closer (p<0/05) but it does not change the degree of dependence between parent and child (p = 0.213), all results were stable in the follow-up phase except the child's externalizing problems (p = 0.573).

This combined program can be an effective intervention to reduce parenting stress and improve parent-child relationship.

Social anxiety is often associated with reduced social interaction and is considered a symptom of social anxiety disorder. This study aimed to compare the perception of social interaction among female para-medical students with social anxiety disorder using two therapies including gestalt therapy and psychodrama therapy. This quasi-experimental study used a pre- and post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group, along with a follow-up period. The study population consisted of female para-medical students from Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during the second quarter of the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 61 female paramedic students were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (group 1: N=17; group 2: N=19) and one control group (N=25) using convenience sampling. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and Perceived Social Interaction Questionnaire (PSTQ) were administered. Gestalt therapy was administered to group 1 and psychodrama therapy to group 2, in eight sessions over 90 minutes per week, while the control group received no treatment. Data was analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS version 24. The mean and standard deviation of the perception of positive thoughts for gestalt therapy, psychodrama therapy, and the control group in the post-test were 51.18±8.69, 48.42±10.57, and 40.08±7.58, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of negative thoughts were 37.06±9.65, 37.21±10.02, and 42.92±10.27, respectively. The results showed a significant difference between the overall mean scores in the psychodrama therapy group (P=0.0234) and gestalt therapy group (P=0.0345); the effect of gestalt therapy was higher. The mean scores of the social interaction component in the three phases of the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up showed a significant difference between the mean scores. This study showed that psychodrama therapy and gestalt group therapy can decrease social anxiety in para-medical students. Moreover, the finding indicated the positive effects of gestalt group therapy intervention on the perception of positive thoughts. Therefore, further research is needed to gain more insight into the effective elements of both therapies and their mechanisms of change.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition that can seriously impact a patient’s functions and quality of life. Mindfulness-based meditation as a clinical intervention can positively affect the emotional and physical states of patients with MS.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on anxiety sensitivity in patients with MS.

This quasi-experimental study adopted a pretest-posttest, control group design with follow-up. The statistical population included the women with MS who enrolled in the Tehran MS Society. Convenience sampling was employed to select 30 participants who were assigned randomly to an experimental group and a control group (15 members per group). The experimental group received MBCT (for eight 90-minute sessions), whereas the control group received no interventions. The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) was used for data collection, and repeated measures ANCOVA was adopted for data analysis.

The mean age of women was 37.21 ± 5.78 years. Also, the duration of the disease in the participants was 5.81 ± 2.43 years. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the pretest, posttest, and follow-up scores of anxiety sensitivity in the experimental group were101.66 ± 2.63, 93.86 ± 3.11 and 94.00 ± 3.62, respectively, which in the posttest and follow-up was significantly different from the control groups (P < 0.001). The MBCT significantly improved anxiety sensitivity components in the experimental group compared to the control group. This significant difference was also observed during the follow-up period (P < 0.001).

The MBCT helped alleviate anxiety sensitivity in women with MS. Therefore, psychotherapists can use MBCT as an effective intervention in improving anxiety sensitivity in women with MS.

Many studies have shown that psychological therapies are effective in preventing divorce. There is a lack of research in the field of psychoanalytic treatment with the aim of changing or modifying the personality structure of neurotic women seeking divorce.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Horney psychoanalysis based on three personality types on the personality organization of women divorce applicants.

This study was a single-subject design of A/B type. 6 subjects from all women seeking divorce referred to some counseling centers in Tehran in 1399 were selected by purposive sampling and were assigned to three groups of two by answering the Horney-College questionnaire (2011). The Interview of the Personality Organization (STIPO-R) Clarkin (2016) was conducted in three stages. The treatment was administered in totally fifteen 60-minute sessions, 1 sessions weekly and follow-up was one month later. The obtained data were analyzed using standard visual drawing method, stable change index with modified formula to calculate statistically significant change and using the improvement percentage formula.

Horney psychoanalytic therapy causes changes in the subscales of identity (%44/16 improvement), object relations (%33/98 improvement), immature defenses (%49/71 improvement), aggression (%44/65 improvement), moral values (%48/6 improvement) and narcissism (%54/16 improvement). Their change in reliable index also showed that these changes were significant
(P< 0/05) & (P< 0/01).

These findings indicate significant changes in the components of personality structure, so Horney analytical psychotherapy by changing the personality structure of neurotic women seeking divorce can be usefull for psychologists and couple therapists to prevent divorce.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of attachment-based psychoanalytic psychotherapy inimproving insecure attachment and obsessive love in women with obsessive love style. The research design was in the framework of a single-subject experimental design with a single baseline with a follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all women referring to medical and counseling centers in Mashhad who presented with problems in intimate relationships in 1998-99, that were selected by purposive sampling of three women. Materials with a research design were measured at the baseline stage using the Frilly et al.'s (2000) Close Relationship Experience Questionnaire and the Phalango Love Addiction Questionnaire (2012). Then, in the intervention phase, during 50 sessions (two sessions of 45 minutes per week), attachment-based psychoanalytic psychotherapy was performed based on the model. In this regard, the scores of the variables were measured in the intermediate stage, after treatment and two month follow-up. For data analysis, visual and graphical analysis methods as well as calculation of recovery percentage were used. Data analysis showed that attachment-based psychoanalytic psychotherapy was affected on improvement the anxious insecure attachment and obsessive love style also the results showed that attachment-based psychoanalytic psychotherapy had little effect on modifying the avoidant insecure attachment style of women. These findings can have practical implications in clinical fields and improve obsessive love style and anxious attachment in women.

 Anxiety during pregnancy and fear of childbirth is seen as common problems in Primiparous women. Anxiety and fear during pregnancy are sometimes considered a natural mechanism that prepares the expectant mother for pregnancy and the accompanying changes, but the intensification of worry and anxiety can take the form of illness and affect the mental health of pregnant women. More than 80 percent of women with low-risk pregnancies experience some degree of anxiety and fear of childbirth, and in 6 to 10 percent of cases, this anxiety and fear cause severe debilitating complications in pregnant women. There are several treatment methods to reduce the symptoms of anxiety and fear of childbirth. One of the effective treatment methods is behavioral activation therapy. This treatment method is one of the third-wave psychotherapy methods that increase the behaviors that increase the contact of the person with the reinforcing connections of the environment. In this treatment method, the patient is taught to use an alternative and adaptive coping model in dealing with annoying and frustrating environmental conditions and to react with an active behavior instead of avoidance. Research findings have shown that excessive activity of the inhibitory system leads to anxious personality traits, high sensitivity to threatening stimuli, and anxiety-related behaviors such as worry and fear. The results of some studies confirm the existence of a relationship between inhibition systems and psychiatric disorders such as depression, fear, and anxiety, but few studies have investigated the effect of this method on reducing anxiety and fear in Primiparous women. Another way to reduce fear and anxiety is to use a calm tone. Using a relaxed tone during pregnancy as a suitable method to calm the mind and mind, focus attention on the fetus, positive imagery towards pregnancy, and increase the relationship, and attachment of mother and fetus has been desired by the researchers. In relaxation training, by using breathing techniques, special verbal stimuli, and mental relaxation during the treatment of clients, people are helped to reduce their stress and achieve calmness in their bodies and mind. achieve Correctly performing relaxation exercises improves a person's blood circulation and reduces tension, anxiety, and depression by creating a positive attitude and improving brain function, and increasing people's cellular energy and confidence by relieving their anxiety. Relaxation methods are also known to be effective in many situations such as pain, childbirth, anxiety, and insomnia during pregnancy, and it causes a person to gain the power to control his emotions and behaviors. Considering the great importance of fear and anxiety and their effects on the mental health of Primiparous pregnant mothers, this research aims to determine and compare the effect of educational interventions on the effectiveness of behavioral activation and relaxation in reducing anxiety and fear of childbirth in women. Prenatal care was performed in the hospitals of Karaj city.

The current research was a semi-experimental study with a control group in terms of practical purpose and research design. The statistical population of the research included pregnant women with first births in Karaj in 1400. 144 Primiparous pregnant women referring to Shahid Madani Hospital in Karaj were randomly selected and placed in two groups of behavioral activation and relaxation technique (48 people in each group) and a control group (48). For the experimental group, a training session on behavioral activation and calm tone was implemented, and then a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data on the effectiveness of the training on the scores of anxiety and fear of childbirth. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha of 0.78 for anxiety and 0.71 for fear. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using SPSS version 21 software.

In this research, 144 Primiparous pregnant women were studied in two groups of behavioral activation and relaxation techniques (48 in each group) and the control group (48). The studied groups had no statistically significant differences in terms of the variables of gestational age and the interval between marriage and first pregnancy. The results showed that after the intervention, the anxiety and fear of childbirth of Primiparous pregnant women in the intervention groups decreased significantly, but no significant statistical difference was observed in the control group.

It seems that behavioral activation training and relaxation training can help Primiparous pregnant women to recognize, despite the automaticity of many bodily responses, they can identify them and reduce the anxiety and fear of childbirth. According to the results of relaxation and behavioral activation during pregnancy, it can be considered as a suitable method to reduce anxiety and fear of pregnancy. This study showed that the designed intervention has significant positive effects on reducing the anxiety and stress of pregnant women. Therefore, it is suggested that a series of training in the form of behavioral activation and relaxation should be included in the care programs of pregnant women. The method of reducing fear and anxiety based on calm tone and behavioral activation due to having conscious and non-judgmental techniques can have beneficial effects in improving fears and worries during pregnancy. Considering the simplicity and availability of training in behavioral activation techniques and body exercises, it is suggested the presence of a supportive person such as a life partner, female relatives, and a private midwife; by doing these interventions, they can increase the satisfaction of the birth experience and the feeling of comfort and reduce the fear and anxiety. Considering the limited number of people and the duration of the interventions in this research, it is suggested that this training be carried out with a longer duration and on a larger sample size of pregnant women. The effect of this research with the effect of other therapeutic and psychological methods on the dependent variables of this research should be compared and investigated in practice. Also, in order to evaluate the effect of the passage of time on the retention of educational achievements, it is suggested that researchers consider follow-up courses in future research. Considering that one of the limitations of the present study was the use of a questionnaire in the data collection process, it is suggested that another study be conducted with other tools (observation and interview) to investigate the level of anxiety and fear of childbirth in Primiparous women.

Promoting the psychological health of drug addicts in all dimensions, including spirituality, is one of the goals of psychotherapy approaches, so the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of problem-oriented and emotionbased treatment on the spiritual health of drug addicts.

The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study, three groups (two experimental groups with a control group). The statistical population included all drug addicts who referred to addiction treatment centers in the third district of Tehran in the first six months of 2021 (420 people). Three experimental groups were tested. Data collection tools included a researcher-made questionnaire on mental health. Problem-oriented and emotion-oriented therapy sessions were held in eight sessions for both experimental groups over two months, but the control group was on the waiting list. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that problem-oriented and emotion-oriented therapies increased the spiritual health of drug addicts compared to the control group (P<0.01); There was no difference between the two treatments (P<0.05).

Problem-based and emotion-oriented therapies can be used as interventions to promote the psychological health of drug addicts.

The problems imposed by multiple sclerosis (MS) can affect the patients’ mental health socially and psychologically. Patients must thus acquire practical coping mechanisms to deal with their illness and go on living. The present study examined the impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and imagery rescripting and reprocessing treatment (IRRT) on emotional tiredness in MS-affected women.

In this quasi-experimental study, the statistical population comprised 145 women with MS who had registered in the Iran MS Society in Tehran, Iran from May to October 2019. A sample of 45 was conveniently selected and randomly divided into two experimental and one control group (15 patients per group). The control group received no training, whereas the first experimental group experienced seven sessions of IRRT, the second experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of MBCT. The data were collected using Emotional Exhaustion subscale of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data.

Based on the results, two therapies significantly differed in terms of emotional exhaustion (P<0.001). The mean (SD) of the post-test score of emotional exhaustion in the MBCT and IRRT groups was 40.73 (1.66) and 41.20 (1.47), respectively, which was different from the control group (43.76(1.80)). However, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two therapies on emotional exhaustion in women with MS. The effects of the interventions on emotional exhaustion persisted during three-month follow-up.

IRRT and MBCT can be recommended as effective interventions to improve the emotional exhaustion of women with MS.

Recently, the stability of marriages and the proper communication between couples has become more difficult. Therefore, exploring the impacts of relevant clinical interventions in resolving marital conflicts seems crucial. This study investigates the effectiveness of object relations couple therapy on marital intimacy of divorce applicant couples with high-level borderline personality organization while considering the moderating role of executive functioning.

Using a quasi-experimental design, a sample of 90 volunteers was selected from all couples seeking a divorce and referred to counseling centers in Tehran City, Iran. All participants were screened by Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO). A final sample of 38 individuals with high-level personality organization was randomly divided into control and experimental groups. After dropping the sample, 11 couples remained in the experimental group and 8 in the control group. Participants in the experimental group received 14 sessions of object relations couple therapy, while the control group remained on the waiting list. The Wisconsin Card Classification Test (WCST) and Thompson and Walker’s marital intimacy scale were administered on pre- and post-intervention occasions as well. The data were analyzed by a multivariate analysis of covariance.

Significant positive effects were found on marital intimacy in the post-intervention stage (P<0.001). Significantly, better results were also evident for couples with higher executive function scores (P<0.001).

It could be concluded that object relation couple therapy could promote the marital intimacy of couples with high-level borderline personality organization, and executive functioning could moderate the therapeutic effects.

Due to its progressive nature in all aspects of life, addiction endangers the health of individuals and its adverse effects on the cognitive, behavioral, emotional and spiritual health of the individual can be clearly seen. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of problem-oriented (solution–focused)therapyon the spiritual, cognitive, Behavioral and emotional dimensions of the psychological health of addicts.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all the addicts who referred to addiction treatment centers in the third district of Tehran in the first six months of 2021 (no=420), who were among the qualified people who volunteered to participate in the study. Out of them, 40 participants were selected using available sampling method and were assigned to the experimental group and control groups. The data collection instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire on mental health. Solution-oriented treatment sessions were held in eight sessions for the experimental group over two months, but the control group was on the waiting list. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.In this study, all ethical considerations wereobserved and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in the spiritual, cognitive, behavioral and emotional dimensions of addicts' psychological health in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.01).

Based on theresults, it can be stated that solution-oriented treatment improved the dimensions of psychological health (spiritual, cognitive, behavioral and emotional) of addicts, so it can be used as an intervention to promote the mental health of addicts.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of psychotherapist-patient gender on the transference patterns of cluster B personality disordered patients during their psychodynamic psychotherapy.

Using an expo-facto design, four groups of 20 patients and their psychotherapists were selected through purposive sampling method and Psychotherapy Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ) was completed by the therapists about their patients. The PRQ for the first time translated into Persian language in this research and Chronbach’s Alpha in Iranian patients was computed for its five dimensions. The transference patterns in five categories including: 1-Angry/entitled 2- Anxious/preoccupied 3- Secure/engaged 4- Avoidant/ counter dependent 5-Sexualized were estimated applying the questionnaire. Results were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Angry/entitled transference revealed as the most common transference among five dimensions, while the Sexualised transference appeared as minimum. The anxious/preoccupied, secure/engaged and avoidant/ counter dependent patterns revealed moderate as well. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference for sexualised transference pattern. No significant statistical effect observed on other transferential patterns. Tukey post-hoc test indicated significantly differences with more sexualized transference indices for “male therapist-female patient” and “female therapist - male patient” rather than “male therapist - male patient” and “female therapist - female patient” combination.

Heterogeneous combination such as “female therapist- male patient” and contrariwise conveyed higher sexualised transference extent in the dynamic psychotherapy of cluster B patients rather than homogeneous one. The sexualised transferences in “male therapist-female patient” state was higher than “female therapist- male patient” as well. A robust angry/entitled transferential pattern was evident in the dynamic psychotherapy of cluster B personality disordered patients, while others were uncommon.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in improving self-care behaviors (nutritional behaviors, physical activity, blood sugar control, foot care, and medication adherence) in people with type 2 diabetes. The study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, two experimental groups, a control group, and the follow-up stage. The statistical population consisted of all female patients with type 2 diabetes with a record in Parsian Clinic in Eslamshahr in 2019. Among them, 45 women were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 per group), and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy by Hayes et al. (2004), and the rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) by Ellis (1999) in eight 60-minute sessions, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. The research tool included the diabetes self-care behavior questionnaire (Tubert and Glasgow, 1994) that was used at three stages, pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Both interventions could significantly improve self-care behaviors (nutritional behaviors, physical activity, blood sugar control, foot care, and medication adherence) in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.05), but the acceptance and commitment therapy intervention had a greater effect on self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, there was not any significant difference at the posttest follow-up stage (p<0.05), indicating the stability of intervention changes. Based on the results, acceptance and commitment therapy, and rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) had effective interventions in increasing self-care behaviors in patients with diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of computer cognitive rehabilitation on working memory and problem solving of high school students.

For this purpose, 30 high school students in Tehran were selected. These people were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 15 people in each group. The number and duration of each session of computer cognitive rehabilitation intervention in the experimental group was 16 sessions and each session was 45 minutes, respectively. The control group did not receive any intervention. Research tools included the N-Back working memory test and the Wisconsin card classification test. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and SPSS 26 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in some components of working memory and problem solving.

According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that computer cognitive rehabilitation intervention is effective on working memory and problem solving of high school students.

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation in order to improve executive functions and reduce severity of clinical symptoms in individuals suffering from major depression.

The present study is one of the semi-experimental designs in which pre-test and post-test designs along with control group is used. The statistical population includes individuals with major depressive disorder who are from both genders and are 19 to 40 years old. Participants suffering from major depressive disorder who were selected by purposeful and convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to one of two groups of experiment (n=15) and control (n=15). In order to diagnose depressive disorder, a structured clinical interview according to the criteria of the text of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were used. Cognitive interventions, attention and memory exercises, were performed in 12 sessions of 45 minutes three times a week on participants with major depressive disorder.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that the computer-based rehabilitation program has improved executive functions and reduced the severity of depressive symptoms (P<0.05).

Our findings indicate that computer cognitive rehabilitation can be used as a suitable method to improve executive functions and reduce the severity of depressive symptoms in people suffering from major depressive disorder.

Due to the high prevalence of breast cancer and its threatening nature, the need for spirituality/religion is very important. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of spiritual/religious intervention on spiritual/religious coping and psychological well-being in women with breast cancer.In this study, a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with a control group was used in a statistical sample of 60 people using the available sampling method. The interventions were performed for 6 to 8 sessions for the experimental group, and the Pargament Spiritual/Religious Coping and Ryff Psychological well-being Questionnaires were administered to the two groups. Research data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.Findings of this study indicate that spiritual/religious intervention has been significantly effective in increasing positive spiritual/religious coping and reducing negative spiritual/religious coping in women with breast cancer. But this intervention did not have a significant effect on their psychological well-being in any of the subscales. In other words, this intervention was able to increase the level of spiritual/religious coping in the experimental group. This study showed that spiritual/religious intervention is an effective basis for spiritual/religious coping with spiritual/religious problems, and this intervention can be used in the treatment plan of this group of patients.

Postpartum depression is one of the disorders that can have irreparable effects on neonatal mental health and mother-child relationship. The aim of this study is to determine effectiveness of the object relations brief psychotherapy on personality organization and postpartum depression symptoms.

This clinical trial study was conducted on 30 women with postpartum depression (15 experimental group and 15 control group) during the period of 1396-97. The sample population was selected from available women visiting the health centers in Tehran and completed the Edinburg postpartum depression Questionnaire.and Structured Interview of Personality Organization in pre-test and post-test stages. The experimental group received 15 sessions of object relations brief psychotherapy, and the control group was not subjected to any intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate covariance analysis.

According to the results of the covariance analysis test, the postpartum depression score, and scores of different dimensions of personality organization, had a significant decrease in the experimental group compared to the control group, in the post-test stage. These results indicated that the brief object relations psychotherapy has been effective in reducing the symptoms of postpartum depression and has led to positive changes in the dimensions of personality organization.

According to the findings, it can be said that brief object relations psychotherapy can be a suitable treatment for decreasing the symptoms of depression in postpartum period and making positive changes in the dimensions of personality organization.