فهرست مطالب soheil azizi

Liver disease is one of the global problems that are associated with high mortality. According to the WHO, about 500 million people are living with chronic hepatitis infection, which kills more than one million people a year. Medicinal plants are a vital resource, potentially used to prevent and treat liver disease. One of the plants used in traditional medicine to treat liver damage is Asparagus. It could be effective against pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) induced hepatotoxicity, which was investigated in this study.

In this experimental study, 60 male Wister rats were divided into six groups, each having ten rats. One group was considered as the control group; the second group received carbon tetrachloride, and the other four groups received Senecio vulgaris L. extract for one week to induce liver toxicity. Among four which received Senecio vulgaris extract, one was the negative control, and the others received 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg of Asparagus officinalis L. extract orally for 14 days. Three weeks after the start of the study, aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine transaminase (ALT) enzymes along with the serum concentration of total protein, albumin, and bilirubin were measured. Moreover, liver tissue was assessed in all the groups. The ANOVA test was utilized to analyze the data.

Receiving oral Senecio vulgaris extract led to an increase in bilirubin, ALP, ALT, and AST levels and a decrease in total protein and albumin in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Moreover, Asparagus officinalis extract consumption helped these factors to become statistically closer to the control group. Histological studies indicated improvement in liver failure caused by Senecio vulgaris extract.

Asparagus officinalis extract has protective effects against liver failures caused by Senecio vulgaris extract.

Exercise training along with green coffee consumption can be considered as an important strategy to control obesity. The aim of present study was to compare the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise trainings along with green coffee supplement on serum levels of irisin, myonectin and insulin resistance in obese women.

In this quasi-experimental study, 60 women with a range of 25 ± 5 years old and body mass index of 30 ± 5 kg/m2 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into five groups (n=12) as aerobic training+supplement, resistance training+supplement, combination training+supplement, supplement and control. The intensity of aerobic training was considered 50 to 75% of the maximal heart rate and for resistance training it was 55 to 70% of one maximum repetition. Trainings were performed for three days per week during eight weeks. During the same period, green coffee was consumed at a dose of 400 mg daily before dinner. Fasting blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session. For statistical analysis the covariance and Bonferroni tests were applied for results extraction at the significant level of p<0.05.

Serum levels of irisin and myonectin in the both exercised and consumed green coffee, significantly increased as compared to pre-exercise and other groups. Moreover, insulin resistance significantly decreased after aerobic and combination training along with supplement compared to other groups and even before pre-exercise; however, after resistance training and supplement, its amount increased compared to other groups.

All three exercises performed together with green coffee supplement, could increase myokines such as irisin and myonectin, in addition it can affecting body composition and weight losing, and also improve insulin action and reduced insulin resistance. However, combined exercise and aerobic training with supplementation produced greater improvements in insulin and insulin resistance compared to resistance training with supplementation.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most important pathogens in immunocompromised patients, those who need regular blood transfusion, and renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of this investigation was to study the epidemiology of cytomegalovirus in hemodialysis patients in Sari, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed in 180 hemodialysis patients attending two referral centers in Sari, 2017-2018. To include the patients we considered sociodemographic characteristics, blood transfusion history and period, and duration and frequency/week of hemodialysis. Blood samples were collected from all patients and after centrifuge, serum samples were examined for CMV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical tests including Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis, and descriptive analysis including proportion for qualitative data and median (quartile range 25-75) for quantitative data were used.

The participants were 180 patients, including 93 (51.7%) females and 87 (48.3%) males (mean age: 61.5±14.4). All patients (100%) were positive for anti-CMV IgG antibody. There were no significant relationships between antibody titer and sex, age, dialysis period, dialysis duration, dialysis frequency per week, transfusion, transplantation, or HBV and HCV status (P >0.05).

Our findings showed high frequency of CMV-IgG positive in hemodialysis patients. Due to the possibility of CMV infection progression in immunocompromised patients, especially those who undergo hemodialysis, screening programs should be performed to prevent adverse consequences.

Heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalization, and asymptomatic candiduria is common in hospitalized patients with low morbidity. However, in most patients, it is resolved spontaneously on the removal of the catheter. Despite the publication of guidelines, there are still controversies over the diagnosis and management of candiduria. However, in hospitalized patients with heart failure, the decision to treat candiduria is especially important since the nosocomial infections are associated with an increase in morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs. Some species of Candida, such as Candida glabrata, are increasingly resistant to the first-line and second-line antifungal medications. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of asymptomatic Candida urinary tract infection due to C. glabrata and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates in hospitalized patients with heart failure.

In total, 305 hospitalized patients with heart failure were studied to identify asymptomatic nosocomial candiduria during 2016-17 in one private hospital in the north of Iran. The Sabouraud’s dextrose agar culture plates with a colony count of >104 colony-forming unit/ml of urine sample were considered as Candida urinary tract infection. Candida species were identified based on the morphology of CHROMagar Candida (manufactured by CHROMagar, France) and PCR-RFLP method with MspI restriction enzyme. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed using five mediations, including itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin by broth microdilution method according to CLSI M27-S4.

In this study, the rate of asymptomatic Candida urinary tract infection was 18.8%, which was more common in people above 51 years old and females (70%). In addition to the urinary and intravascular catheter, the occurrence of candiduria in hospitalized patients had significant relationships with a history of surgical intervention, diastolic heart failure, and use of systemic antibiotics (P>0.05). Among Candida spp., non-albicans Candida species was the most common infectious agent (59.7%). Moreover, C. glabrata (n=27, 40.3%) (alone or with other species) and Candida albicans (n=27, 40.3%) were the most common agents isolated in Candida urinary tract infection. Based on the results of the in vitro susceptibility test, the C. glabrata isolates were 15%, 59%, 70%, 74%, and 85% susceptible to caspofungin, amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, and fluconazole, respectively.

According to the findings, there was a high prevalence of asymptomatic Candida urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Besides, it was suggested that there was a shift towards non-albicans Candida, especially C. glabrata, in these patients. Therefore, asymptomatic candiduria in hospitalized patients with heart failure should be considered significant. Furthermore, the identification of Candida species along with antifungal susceptibility is essential and helps the clinicians to select the appropriate antifungal agent for better management of such cases

The toxic effects of Doxorubicin on various tissues from one hand, and the pre-treatment effects of exercise activity before the DOX induction on heart and liver tissues in young rats from other hand have already been recognized, but the pre-treatment effects of exercise on elderly rats, especially in the lung tissue is not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to compare changes in lung tissue following DOX intoxication and the preventive effect of aerobic exercise. 48 young (3 months) and elderly (32 months) male rats were divided into three subgroups: control (307.8, 374.8), DOX (422.368, 430) and DOX + exercise (372.370, 383). Training groups r an on treadmill for three weeks at a speed of 15-17 m/min and a time of 25-39 minutes and five sessions per week.  DOX receiver groups received DOX solution (20 mg / kg) 24 hours after the last exercise. 48 hours after DOX injection, biopsy and descriptive analysis were performed. Histological examination of lung tissue showed inflammation, intercellular edema, vascular congestion, increased vascular wall thickness in DOX induction groups and with more degradation in the elderly groups. Performing aerobic exercise pre-treatment in both groups improved the injuries caused by DOX. The findings showed that induction of DOX caused more damage to the lung tissue of elderly rats than young rats, because the resistance of elderly lung tissue to DOX was lower and pre-treatment with aerobic exercise mitigated the destructive effect of DOX on lung tissue and this healing is more evident in elderly lungs.

Aortic aneurysm is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases that can lead to numerous challenges for patients. The mortality rate of ruptured Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) is observed to be high. In order to reduce this high rate, appropriate methods to diagnose TAA as well as its useful and aggravating fac- tors are to be developed and/or identified. The objective of this study is the evaluation of the thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection, in Mazandaran Heart Center.

This cross-sectional study with a census de- sign was performed on all patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection who have undergone aneurysm surgery, from December 2010 to January 2019. Patients’ information was extracted from their medical records archive. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis.

From 53 patients with a thoracic aortic aneurysm, 77.4% were male. The mean age of patients was 59.70±12.07 years. 21 (39.6%) patients were more than or equal to 60 years old, while the remaining 32 (60.4%) were less than 60 years of age. The overall mortality rate was 11.3%. The mean aortic diameter of the patients was 5.42 cm. All patients had type A dissection. In other words, type B was not seen.

Given the high prevalence and high mortality rate of thoracic aortic aneurysm, early screening can be beneficial and can increase the survival rate of patients. Laboratory and pathologic find- ings, along with clinical findings, can be very beneficial in early diagnosis.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role as a methyl-group donor in demethylation of homocysteine. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MS). We used search engines and databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed to identify eligible studies up to 2018. The articles were studied based on keywords including MTHFR, mutation, variant, and polymorphism in combination with MS. Data was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2.064 software. After extracting the data from seven articles, the total number of subjects was 1280 in the patient group and 1374 in the control group. The odds ratio was estimated to be 1.078 for the allele model of T vs. C (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.626-0.715), 1.157 for the allele model of CC vs. CT (95% CI: 0.829-1.615), 1.020 for the allele model of CT + TT vs. CC (95% CI: 1.611-0.646) and 0.799 for the allele model of TT vs. CC + CT (95% CI: 1.1850.539). As well, the results showed no statistically significant correlation between polymorphism genotypes of the MTHFR gene and MS (P<0.05). In general, this study showed that the presence of C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene has no effect on the incidence of MS.

Type 2 diabetes includes a series of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, which are followed by dysfunction in insulin secretion. In the clinical laboratory, A1C test defines blood glucose levels over a three-month period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between HbA1c and hyperlipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

An cross-sectional study was performed on 209 diabetic patients men (n=109) and women (n=100) with a mean age of 57.1 ± 11.1 years. Diagnosis of diabetes was performed according to the WHO criteria. In this study, venous blood (5 ml) was collected from participants after overnight fasting, and HbA1C levels and lipid profiles were determined using enzymatic methods and auto-analyzer device. Risk factor values (TCH/HDL-C) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) (logTG/HDL-c), as well as LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, were calculated.

HDL-C and TCH / HDL-C were significantly increased in women. On the other hand, LDL-C/HDL-C and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in men. There was no significant difference in the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, fast blood sugar (FBS), LDL-C, and AIP between women and men. Cholesterol, FBS, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C also showed a significant direct correlation with HbA1c, but no significant correlation was observed between triglyceride, HDL, AIP, and risk ratio with HbA1c.

HbA1c may be considered as a biomarker for dyslipidemia screening in patients with type 2 diabetes

Operational capabilities create competitive advantages in organizations. So, it's important to know how to create these capabilities in organizations. This paper examines aspects and results of quality capability as one of the main operations capabilities of the pharmaceutical companies in Iran and how it is formed. By conducting a multiple case studies in three pharmaceutical companies in Iran and analyzing it, the findings of this research indicate that there are four main factors in creating quality in such companies. The first and most basic factor is the internal resources of company especially those that have the characteristics of the theory of resource-based-view (RBV). The second factor is the factors associated with the operations management that have influenced the formation of quality, the next factor is the impact of international cooperation on the creation of quality capability in pharmaceutical companies, and ultimately the organization's environment has been considered as an external factor contributing to the creation of quality capability. The results of this study were compared with the findings of previous studies in the literature review, which resulted in the validity of these findings based on previous theories

Background and

Ânalysis of cardiovascular diseases etiology and risk factors have pointed out strong correlation between cardiovascular disease and risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum cholestrol level, although only 50% of coronary arteries diseases(ÇÂDs) are demonstrable by such factors. For this reason researchers have conducted many studies for definition of different risk factors and have proposed new markers such as homocystein.Such researchs on the basis of correlation between homocystein and ÇÂDs have showed different or even paradoxical conclusion. Ïn this research we have studied the associations of plasma homocystein levels with mortality and complications of Myocardial Ïnfarction with ST segment Ëlevation (STËMÏ) in patients admitted Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Sari, during the year 1389.

This study was Çross-sectional and we investigated the patients with STËMÏ who had no history of previous MÏ and had referred to hospital in less than 24 h from symptom beginning. 5 cc of blood sample was taken from all patients after 12 hrs fasting for detection of homocystein. Plasma lipids and suger were also measured. Patients were followed during hospitalization for mortality and electrical or mechanical complications then were compared in two groups of normal and increased homocystein.

Ôf 230 subjects, 150(65.2%) of patients had normal homocystein levels and others (80 or34.8%) had increased homocystein (>17micromol/lit). 2(1.3%)patients amonge subjects with normal homocystein levels,and 4(5%) patients amonge groupe with increased homocystein died. Âll of the mechanical complications (including; 2 (2.5%) VSD and 1(1.3%) tamponad) were detected in patients with increased homocystein. We had no case of MR. Finally, electrical complications were in 40(26.7%) patients with normal homocystein, and 19(23.8%) patients with increased homocystein. Ëxcept combination of tamponad and VSD in subjects with high homocystein, other complications including mortality, and electrical complications were no different in two groups of patients. Çonclusion: This study showed increased incidence of combination of VSD and tamponad in patients with high homocystein during STËMÏ. Ït not showed correlation between homocystein, with another mechanichal complications, electrical complications and hospital mortality of STËMÏ. This results support the modest correlation between homocystein and complications of STËMÏ.