جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « West Azerbaijan Province » در نشریات گروه « جغرافیا »

Assessing and predicting future climate change is of particular importance due to its adverse effects on water resources and the natural environment, as well as its environmental, economic and social effects. Meanwhile, rainfall is also an important climatic element that causes a lot of damage in excess conditions. West Azerbaijan Province is no exception. The aim of this study is to model and predict 30 years of rainfall in West Azerbaijan province. The statistical period studied is 32 years (2019-1987). Selected stations in the province include Urmia, Piranshahr, Takab, Khoy, Sardasht, Mahabad and Mako stations. Average slider time series models, Sarima (seasonal Arima), Health Winters were used for analysis and prediction and also linear regression and Mann-Kendall test were used to determine the data trend. The results show an increasing trend of precipitation in Urmia, Piranshahr, Khoy, Sardasht and Mako stations and a decreasing trend in Takab and Mahabad stations. According to the results of comparing the models used, the Health Winters model with the least error in the absolute mean of deviations, mean squared deviations and the percentage of absolute mean errors was introduced as the best precipitation forecasting model for West Azerbaijan province. province. 

This study aimed to assess the tourism climate in West Azerbaijan Province. The data on key climatic parameters were obtained from the Meteorological Department of West Azerbaijan Province, spanning from establishment of the stations to 2021. Daily statistics for air temperature (in Celsius), relative humidity (as a percentage), wind speed (in meters per second), and cloudiness (measured in octals) were collected for each station. Additionally, total solar radiation, water vapor pressure, and solar radiation angle were calculated, while longitude, latitude, and sea level altitude were factored into the estimation of indicators. Subsequently, UTCI and PMV indices were computed using Rayman, Bioklima, and Excel software. Monthly maps were generated using the IDW interpolation method in ArcGIS Pro software. The findings revealed that the bioclimatic conditions in the province were very cold, cold, and cool in the first quarter of the year. As spring arrived, comfortable thermal conditions prevailed in most cities and persisted until late. While thermal comfort was observed during the summer months, the prevailing conditions in the province became hot and very hot. At the onset of autumn, a wave of comfortable conditions covered the entire province and continued until November, giving way to cool, cold, and very cold conditions as the year drew to a close. According to the PMV index, the months of April, May, and October, and based on the UTCI index, the months of April, May, and June exhibited the highest climate comfort.

Development is an important issue in the policy of developing countries such as Iran. In the meantime, paying attention to low-development areas, espite the high potentials, canbe considered in the direction of sustainable development, where competitiveness as a new approach tries to identify the capabilities of regions to emerge in the field of competitiveness. In this context, given that wehave entered the era of uncertainty, in order to maintain the status of survival and continuity, it is necessary to pay attention to the conditions and contexts of competitiveness.Therefore, the present study, withthe aim of explaining the competitivenessof West Azerbaijanprovince,has triedto identify theprimary and key factors affecting the competitivenessof the province, to identify possible competitiveness scenariosin thefuture horizon, nd finally the reasons for such scenarios to decide Appropriate actiontoimprove thecompetitivenessof the province, to lead the officials. For this purpose, 54 indicators in 4 dimensionsthat have been identifiedbasedonlibrary-field studies have beenanalyzedusing micmacsoftware, ScenarioWizardand IPA model.It should be noted that since the present study was basedon experts,the research sampleof 20 people was selected in a targeted manner (snowball).Theresultsof the research show that the competitiveness patternof West Azerbaijan province hasbeenunstable and the probable situation for the future of the province's competitiveness has been compatible scenarios with unfavorable scenarios having a higher realization rate, which is why Conditions have been less attention to high-quality indicators such as(investment security, resilience to infectious diseases,branding, free competitionand meritocracy,paving theway for the development of a creative society), while emphasizing on some indicators such as monopoly of production activities, export-import have  caused cost loss.

Every government, in order to build its territory and better manage its territory, takes appropriate political organization of the space; The political organization of each country's space is carried out in the form of country divisions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the function of country divisions in the implementation of land management programs in West Azerbaijan province. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied and for data analysis, structural analysis model has been used for confirmatory factor analysis. Findings show that the database for the development of land use planning programs with a positive and direct effect of 0.74, country divisions as a basis for land use planning programs with a positive and direct effect of 0.79, providing resources and capacities Development and implementation of land management programs with a positive and direct effect of 0.84 that the component of resource supply has had a greater impact on the province's planning programs. Also, the indicators of accuracy and reliability of the information produced from the territorial zone of the province and zoning within the province based on official criteria with a direct score of 0.72 and the comprehensive territorial information item according to the current provincial divisions with a score of 0.68 have the most impact. . Within the indicators of providing resources and capacities of planning programs, the indicators of organizational capacity of managing the administrative-political divisions of the province (governor, governors, districts) to manage the development plans of the province with a score and direct impact of 0.76, It has had the greatest impact on the implementation of land management programs in the province because it is the organizational and administrative capacities that are responsible for the implementation of land management programs. As a result, it can be stated that zoning and divisions within the province, if not based on scientific and official indicators, the planning process that is consistent with these zoning will be difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to pay much attention to this issue and consider it in the center of attention for the implementation of decisions.

Housing is a need which has raised in natural and human-made environments different responses and each society, dependent on its needs and facilities as well as economic, socialResearch

The aim of this study and cultural limitations, has shaped it differently. present study was conducted with the aim of an analysis of prioritizing housing indicators in the cities of West Azarbaijan Province.Research

This research is of applied type which tried to evaluate the important and influential components in this area. And to be analyzed, data were collected from the Center for Statistics of the Year of 1395 in West Azarbaijan, Iran. For analysis of the research data, factor analysis and KMO tests were used in SPSS software.

Regarding the results of applying factor analysis, the townships were divided into four enjoyed, relatively enjoyed, deprived and very deprived levels. Findings of the research indicate that Orumieh Township is at the first rank with the score as 3.47 and Chaldaran Township is in the 17th rank with the score -3.25 among 17 townships in West Azerbaijan Province. 23.52% of townships are at the highly enjoyed level, 26.3% at the enjoyed level, 35.29% at the relatively enjoyed level, 23.52% at the deprived level, and 17.64% are at the very deprived level. At last, using cluster analysis and drawing Dendrogram, townships were classified into homogenous townships.

In general, findings indicate the difference and inequality among townships in enjoying housing indicators. These differences indicate changes in the statuses of townships both quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of housing by being affected by natural, economic, social, and political factors.

We amid to identify and introduce nature-based tourism and its potentiality in West Azerbaijan province. The study area is famous for its environmental and natural landscapes which accordingly implies significant potentials for developing sustainable ecotourism which accordingly leads to improve the economic situation of this province as well. Within this research we applied GIS spatial decision support systems (SDSS) for data analysis and modelling the sustainable ecotourism in west Azerbaijan province. For this goal, 28 relevant criteria from different resources (e.g. physical properties, infrastructure, and facilities) were identified and processed using GIS-SDSS. GIS data aggregation method was applied to develop a final susceptibility map. Results indicated that about 57% of the study area represent a sustainability degree of moderate to significant for ecotourism development. The rest of 43 % basically locates in urban area, deserts resulted by Urmia lake drought which are not indicating a significance potential for ecotourism development. It has also to be highlighted in context of the 57 % there are also different level of sustainability in each area but results shows that ecotourism can be considered as one the main economic development in the study area. We conclude that, the obtained results are very important and critical for identifying nature-based tourism potential assessment. The results of this study provided valuable information for improving the situation as well organizing the sustainable ecotourism in the study area. Results are also great of important for decision makers and planners in light of developing a sustainable natural tourism.

The urban life of the West Azerbaijan Province has been faced many changes in recent years, and has seen a lot of demographic and physical changes. In order to achieve a balanced and justice-centered development which improves all residents lives, we need a correct recognition and optimized proper planning in the cities of the province. Because, the increasing split in the cultural, social, economic fields and other fields in different regions, is the evidence of a failure to complete the goals of justice-centered planning and sustainable development. This paper, tries to Identify the status of social sustainability indexes in the cities of West Azerbaijan province by using quantitative Techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate and measure the feasibility of the social sustainability in different cities of the province.

The overall approach of this research is a quantitative research type and in terms of the data collection method which it is based on library-documentary and survey data. In the first step of research, in order to identify the social sustainability indexes and related indicators, various sources and databases were used. Accordingly, five main indexes were identified in this context. Totally 35 indicators for 5 indexes were evaluated. The statistical population of this study is the 42 cities of West Azerbaijan province which among them, 13 cities have been studied as samples. In order to analyze the collected data, we have used the multi-index decision-making methods (vikor). Also, the analysis of the impact of economic components on the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities, are specified by Use of the regression method like the Enter method in the path and beta coefficients (β) analysis.

After collecting data and information by using the entropy method, the relative weight of each index is calculated. The public health index with a score of 230.0 points has earned the highest score. Also, the sense of belonging to the location index among the residents of the province cities has the lowest score with a score of 172.0. The ranking of the cities in the province is based on social sustainability indexes, using the cluster analysis and SPSS software in Table 1, shows that Urmia city with Zero advantage function is in the steady state in terms of social sustainability and Urmia metropolis is the best city in terms of social sustainability indexes in the province and Khoy and Noushin cities have a potential stability status with the advantage function of 0.452 and 0.446, respectively. Whereas, 45% of the studied cities have a potential instability status or unstable status. Also, 32% of the studied cities have a moderate status in terms of social sustainability indexes. The average amount of advantage function (Q), the utility of social sustainability indexes in the cities of the province, is equal to 0.622. Therefore, the cities of West Azerbaijan province are below the average in terms of social sustainability indexes and need to be strengthened and invested. Table 1: The utility of social sustainability in cities of West Azerbaijan, based on the values of the advantage function(Q)Row Cities (Q) Rating Sustainability desirability1 Urmia 0 1 Sustainable2 Khoy 0.452 2 Potential Sustainability3 Noushin city 0.462 3 4 Tekab 0.568 4 Medium Sustainability5 Salmas 0.578 5 6 Mahabad 0.578 6 7 Maku 0.630 7 8 Dizajdiz City 0.709 8 Potential insustainability9 Mohamadyar 0.750 9 10 Miandoab 0.770 10 11 Bazargan 0.772 11 12 Naghta 0.840 12 13 Bukan 0.965 13 UnsustainabilityDispersion coefficient Q= 0.40The dispersion coefficient and the inequality rate of the studied cities is about 0.40 in terms of sustainability indexes which shows a relatively moderate imbalance in the index indicators in the cities of the province. The results also show that there is a significant correlation between the advantage function (Q) of the sustainable social development and the population of the cities of the province. In fact, the distribution and method of allocating resources and benefits is the most important factor which defines the relationship between population and development which it has not been balanced in the cities of the province. Evaluation of the economic components effect (including economic support burden, unemployment rate, employment rate, female employment rate, male employment rate) on the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities shows that economic support burden and unemployment rate with negative coefficients of -0.16 and -0.07 respectively, and employment rate with a positive coefficient of 0.29, female employment rate and male employment rate with positive coefficients of 0.21 and 0.47 respectively, are effective in the utility of social sustainability in the studied cities. Indeed, the economic support burden is a potential social problem, which reveals the dependence of the individual or individuals of the society on the people who work and provide their own livelihoods and others and the unemployment rate, which is directly related to the economic growth and job creation, have had a negative and decreasing effect on the social sustainability indexes in the studied cities.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the social sustainability level of the west Azerbaijan province cities, based on a set of some sustainability attitudes. Results of the calculations related to the social sustainability indexes in the province cities, indicate that 45% of the studied cities in the West Azerbaijan province are in the potentially unstable or unstable status in terms of social sustainability indexes. The research results show that among the evaluated indexes in the cities of West Azerbaijan, the public health index has earned the highest score. Urmia city has the best situation in terms of this index among the cities of the province, and on the contrary, Bukan city has the worst status in the public health indexes. The cluster rating results also show that 46% of the studied cities are in unfavorable conditions in terms of utility of the social sustainability indexes.

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a climatic parameter and can be computed from weather data. It is one of the most important hydrological parameters for calculating crop water demand, scheduling irrigation systems, preparing input data to hydrological water-balance models, regional water resources assessment, and planning and management for a region and/or a basin. The climatic data from synoptic stations with more than 20 years continues record in West Azarbaijan province was used. The well-known FAO-PM56 method was used to calculate the ET0. Then Multiple linear Regression (MLR) was used to estimate the ET0. The RMSE, MEA, NSH, and R2 were used to evaluate the performance of the MLR model. Then, the correlation coefficient (r) between ET0 and each of the meteorological parameters was obtained. And finally, with using Path analysis method, the influence of direct (P) and indirect effects of the meteorological parameters on ET0 was calculated. In the studied synoptic stations, NSH between 0.91 and 0.99,   R2 between 0.91 and 0.99, RMSE between 0.05 and 0.15, and MEA between 0.04 and 0.12 were obtained. Also, it was found that the wind speed at all of stations had a significant correlation (at the 0.01% level) with ET0. The path analysis results showed that the maximum value of P (direct effect of meteorological parameters on ET0) in all of the stations belongs to wind speed. The P value of wind speed in Urmia equal to 0.85, Piranshahr equal to 0.99, Takab equal to 0.97, Khoy equal to 0.90, Sardasht equal to 1.06, and Mahabad equal to 0.78 are obtained.

The spatial structure of the urban settlement system in a geographical domain requires a good foundation to achieve maximum productivity. By this way, the aim of the current research is to study the urban settlement planning of West Azerbaijan which is highly uncertain due to its geographical location, ethnic diversity and environmental issues. Economic freedom in the Maku Free Zone, the expansion of markets at 7 border areas of the province, the development of the Miandoab-Tehran communication network, the creation of a railway roundabout, the economic development of the Baneh region, policies to deal with ever decreasing agricultural activities due to the water and environmental crisis, making decisions on creating special economic areas in Mahabad, Urmia, Salmas and Miandoab ...are regional and local trends that have caused uncertainty in the settlement pattern of the province and the human space flow, goods and services. In a nutshell, the study aims to identify settlement scenarios of the province and the framework for the deployment of services, infrastructures and flow of capital, goods and humans in the region for spatial planning. This is a type of applied research and, in essence, based on new scientific, analytical and investigative methods. The statistical population of the study is 30 professors, experts and specialists in the field of spatial planning. The data gathering method was used to examine the effective factors on the urban settlements system of the province, both in documentary (secondary data) and survey (primary data), for which questionnaire and interviews were used as a survey method. To analyze the data, a combination of Delphi methods, Cross-impact analysis, and Mick-Mac software were used. 45 variables were found to be the main and strategic ones affecting the planning of the urban settlement system of West Azerbaijan province that were analyzed via Mick-Mc software.Finally, 11 effective factors were identified with 33 statuses. Accordingly, the midway and the pessimistic assumptions in the best possible range were defined to be the worse. Given theoretical foundations of the proposed study, the spatial scenarios of the province in terms its geographic extent and severity, multiplicity of cities, location and regional potentials can be summarized as follows: 
First Scenario (Polar Scenario): By choosing this scenario, the future settlement system of the province will have following outcomes:- Deletion permissions to settlement perimeter will be too low due to high concentration and security reasons and high ethnic diversity in the province as well as its inappropriate form and shape.
- The polar scenario is an illustration of highly-concentrated settlement system in which responsibility for decisions, policies, management and their implementation will be simultaneously focused on the city of Urumia.
- Urumia is practically the center of commodity exchanges at the provincial level and will be a key link for each settlement in the city.
Second Scenario (Cluster Scenario): The obvious features of this scenario are as follows:- Although the centralization dominates the province, by coordinating and collaborating widely between settlements, reduces the focus on the province's space relative to the radical scenario. One of the main reasons for this decrease is the existence of large urban centers such as Khoy in the north, Urumia in the center, Miandoab in the south;
- In this scenario, a number of larger settlements compete with the center of Urumia, and play a central role for its surroundings.
- The headquarters of each cluster manages its communication.
Third Scenario (Archipelago Scenario): In general, the typical features of this scenario in West Azerbaijan province are as follows:- The lack of extensive cooperation between settlements, spatial dispersion of housing, as well as the developmental equality of settlements causing communications flows mainly carried out within limited areas (cities and regions).
- The scenario of the archipelago is an image of the West Azerbaijan province as an island facing local markets and urban areas
Fourth Scenario (Multi-center): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:- In a multi-centered scenario, focusing on the province's space is due to the development of some settlements and the wide-ranging collaboration between them. However, due to inappropriate form and body and some restrictions in different areas, there is a relative dependence on clusters.
- In this scenario, the urban complexes of the province have changed from one central space to a multicentre urban complex. Due to high convergence between central settlements and their interaction with each other, macro policies are taken collaboratively by central settlements of main areas.
Fifth Scenario (Network): The typical features of this scenario are as follows:- This scenario presents a picture of a networked city complex (both in urban and rural settlement).
- Each settlement itself manages its connections with other settlements.
- In this scenario, no settlement is dependent on other settlements. Considering the current status of central and star structure of the urban system of West Azerbaijan province, the multi-centered urban network is suitable especially due to potentially powerful cities of Khoy, Mako, Miandoab and Mahabad, the northern- southern stretch of the province, geopolitical location after realizing the multi-centered model and providing an appropriate infrastructure and substrate. The transition from the multicenter model to the network will be provided. To reach the multi-centered urban network, which is the scenario of choice for the provincial urban system, the cluster and hierarchical stage of the city's network must be reached in early phases of the province's development. Once an appropriate infrastructure and substrate is provided, the multi-center urban scenario will be realized.

Regional Planning, aiming to reduce inequality and to make developments, is considered as one of the important subjects in the developing countries. Regional planning is necessary to determine the position of the other regions in terms of development. Including common standards in regional planning, grading regions on the basis of different indicators of development. The purpose of this article defines the classification of West Azerbaijan province in terms of development and regional disparities in its analysis. Analytical methodology and data collection method is library and documentation. Studied indices include 44 indicators; including indicators of socio-cultural, educational, health, infrastructure, economy. To determine the level of development of West Azerbaijan province, models (topsis, SAW) and Arc Gis 9.3 software is used. The results showed that the cities of Urmia, demands, Oshnavieh, best and municipalities Piran, Chalderan and cash is worst situation has developed.

Generally, the green economy does not replace the concept of sustainable development, but is an integral element of economic policies in the path to sustainability, and it can be said that the background to sustainability is because it encompasses three main factors of progress, namely economic, social and environmental development. From this perspective, the present study was conducted to assess the regional sustainability of West Azerbaijan province with the green economy approach and to use the indicators of this new approach in regional sustainability. Regarding the studied components, this research is applied in terms of applied and descriptive-analytical methodology. The statistical population of the study was officials, experts and related experts in West Azerbaijan province. For this purpose, in the province and for each city (17 cities), 25 questionnaires were completed and 425 questionnaires were completed by the relevant experts. For analyzing information, Scott Allen stability radar and barometer models, as well as multiple correlation coefficient, ANOVA and beta tests have been used in SPSS software environment. The results of the stability barometer model indicate the average stability of the province. Meanwhile, the multivariate regression test shows that there is a very high correlation between green economy indicators (independent variable) and the realization of regional sustainability (dependent variable), so the value of this coefficient confirms the relationship between green economy indicators in the realization of sustainability The explanatory factor. Therefore, if the average of each of the indicators of the green economy in the region increases, their role and their impact on the realization of sustainability will increase. Among the surveyed indices, the environmental health index and hazards with the beta value of 0.637 had the most role and explanatory power in predicting the realization of sustainability in the study area and the index of environmental services and welfare with the lowest beta value of 0.001 and Has an influential power in realizing the stability of West Azerbaijan province

Regional inequalities between border and central regions of most third world countries is inevitable, that created Centralized system of planning structures in the historical process(Ebrahim-Zadeh et al., 2012: 214).This imbalance has negative effects on the development of those areas. On the one hand, makes it difficult the development in border areas, in a general sense, and it puts many obstacles in the way and on the other hand, growing public insecurity because of the position of the border regions and also due to the lack of development.
This mutual influences between development and security are related to each other as a chain, and to create action and reaction that affecting the essence of sustainable development in the border region (Andalib and Motawef, 2009: 73). The border regions due to away from the city center, geographical isolation and underdevelopment and ... has Significant differences in terms of welfare and development compared to other major population centers, that this difference leads to the disconnect the two regions and create exploitative relationship for benefit of Center (Andalib and Motawef, 2009: 73).
Today, Uncontrollable population growth due to poor security and maintain the population (population stabilization) in the border region, has created a complex horizon for the future of rural areas (Ghaderi Hajat et al., 2010: 122). Imbalance in the distribution of resources, services and capital and the lack of development of the border regions and marginal country, causing massive migration to the axis of development.West Azerbaijan province with 890 kilometer border with Iraq, Turkey and Azerbaijan and having a diversity of cultural, ethnic, is one of the most important border provinces of Iran.
According to the above issues with crises in Iraq, Azerbaijan and ethnic conflicts in Turkey caused insecurity in border area and in terms of development, puts it in last in the ranks of the region.
Accordingly, in this study, trying to investigate and analyze the role of population settlement as a way of achieving sustainable development in the border regions in West Azerbaijan province.
This is a practical study that was carried out with descriptive analysis approach. For data collection in order to achieve the research objectives are used of the Library research methods and related data and information to indicators of research from statistical yearbooks 2011 in West Azerbaijan and municipality statistics. To analyze the data in the research valuation index was used of entropy weighting method and VIKOR model(Ekhtiari, 2012: 168-166 and Fatah et al., 2013: 74-73 and Akman, 2014: 6 and Zhu et al, 2015: 4) and to determine the disparities between the cities was used of the scattering coefficient formula (Hekmatnia and Mousavi, 2013: 280,279).
To test the hypothesis and to measure the impact of independent variables on the function variables was used ofregression analysis method in SPSS 16.0 software (Mahdavi and Taherkhani, 2006: 190,177).Also, by using structural equation modeling software LISREL 8.50 Was attempting to design research model.
Discussion and Demographicanalysis of West Azerbaijan Province during 1976-2011 West Azerbaijan province’s population development investigated in border and non-border cities and with separation of urban and rural areas. According to the official statistics in country, the number of cities of this province in the years 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2011 respectively was 9, 9, 12, 14, 17 cities.
During the period of 1976 to 2011, the growth rate of population in rural and urban areashad downward trend. This process is applied to border cities and the urban and rural areas. Figure No. (2) Shows the average population growth and border and non-border cities.
Ranking West Azerbaijan districts ranking in terms of sustainable development indicators
According to performs calculations, by using the VIKOR Multi-criteria decision-making model to rank the cities of West Azerbaijan province in terms of economic, social, environmental and consolidated indicators in 2011, the amount of Q represents the ultimate rank of any city from Studied indices. This amount is determined between zero to one and whatever this number be closer to zero indicates the desirability of stability and whatever this number be close to one is sign of Weakness of sustainability. The calculated average for Q in social, economic, environmental indicators respectively is obtained 0.8585, 0.8907, and 0.6883, so the cities of West Azerbaijan province in terms of this indices has been lower than average.
With examining the compilation factors under study,the city of Urmia was most developed city and Showt city is in the last rank. The inequality in investigating the consolidated indices was also high also high and the average is 2.09. Calculated Average for Q in consolidated indices is obtained at 0.8392, so West Azerbaijan province in terms of consolidated index was also below the national average.
In this study, was investigated the role of population settlements in achieving sustainable development in the border areas of West Azerbaijan province.According to the official statistics in country, the number of cities of this province in the years 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2011 respectively was 9, 9, 12, 14, 17 cities.In 1976 the total population was 1,407,970 people of which, 445,364 people were living in urban areas and 962,606 people were living in rural areas. In this year, There was 6border city that 6 890 035 people lived in them.
The figure in 2011, which increased to 1,993,229 people that include about 64.7 percent of the population of the province. During the period of 1976 to 2011,the growth rate of population in rural and urban areashad downward trend. This process is applied to border cities and the urban and rural areas.
Among the West Azerbaijan province in 2011, in term of the consolidated indicators of sustainable development, 70 indicators constituted in the social, economic and environmental well;the most enjoyed city was Urmia and the most disadvantages was showt city. The application of the scattering coefficient model for all cities showed that among the different indices, the greatest inequalities were in economic indicators and the lowest inequality has been on environmental indicators.The results of structural modeling, demographic factors have the greatest impact on theeconomic dimension of sustainable development which has been positive and promotion.

In each community, health and remedy as the one of parts important social, decisive role in the persons health and wellbeing of the community. Present study with the aim of analysis the spatial distribution of health services from the perspective of spatial equity has been conducted in rural settlements Western Azerbaijan province. The research method is descriptive - analytical and Practical type. Data gathering in the form of 12 indicators, is documentary- Libraries method. In analyzing the data using models of Shannon entropy, TOPSIS, MORIS and in order to achieve the same result using method average ranks. Using these models and analyze each of them, rural settlements the county West Azerbaijan ranked and leveling space. The results show that rural settlements of Urmia and Khoy countyes in both models with rank 1 and 2 with good condition have been in the first and second level. And rural settlements counties Salmas Mahabad, Takab, Piranshahr, Naqadeh, Shahindej, Sardasht, Oshnavieh, Chalderan With ranks sixth up fourteenth are the fourth level. Results conducted field observations showed that in existing spatial inequality, Addition to the number of population Operating distance is also effective. Even with increasing distance from the city center, will be reduced the intensity of the enjoyment of facilities and services. This results is of polar growth policies, Followed by that, all facilities and power is concentrated in one or several regions and other regions act marginally eventually, with regard to existing spatial inequality provided Suggestions.

Since the various regions have not experienced a uniform development in different times and places, there are numerous regional inequalities, in all scales, across countries; as there are various special regions with better position than others in terms of various indicators. Therefore, studying economic, social, cultural and political inequalities among groups, classes, ethnics and geographical regions or divisions of the civil is a necessary and fundamental task for planning and making reforms in order to meet economic growth and to realize sustainable security, particularly in the sustainable regions. This study aims at analyzing the differences and inequalities among border townships of West Azerbaijan Province in terms of enjoying 63 indicators. Economic, social, educational and physical indicators as well as ranking these townships in terms of enjoying the mentioned indicators are among the most studied indicators. It’s an applied research in which analytical-comparative method was used. Electer and Topsis method, which is one of multi-criteria decision making methods, was used for analyzing data. Regarding the results it was demonstrated that development indicators have not been distributed equally among townships of the province. Piranshahr, Sardasht, Uromiya were the first to third townships in terms of enjoying these indicators, while Mako, Oshnaviyeh, and Chaldoran were deprived cities in terms of the studied indicators. Regarding the results of Topsis method, social indicators of Sardasht, social indicators of Oshnaviyeh, economic and physical indicators of Uromiya were in the first ranks. Ranking townships in this study can be useful in optimizing the status quo and organizing development levels and sustainable security in this province.

Greenhouse gases cause damage on the equilibrium of the climatic system which makes a very necessary investigation on climate change impact on the hydrological parameters such as evapotranspiration; on the other hand، in the future decade climatic forecast would play a major role to make a planning. LARS-WG is one of the most famous stochastic weather generators، and the generated data is simulated by the collection of the atmospheric data which can be used for the investigation of weather parameters. At this research، the observed data including precipitation، maximum and minimum temperatures، sunshine duration at the base time and by using climatic fluctuations caused by the general circulation model، HadCM3، under emission scenarios A1B، A2 and B1 are used for the evaluation of potential evapotranspiration in the West Azerbaijan province. The results from LARS-WG model indicated that at this region according to (2046 - 2065) toward to the time frame (2011 - 2030) statistics generated for the variables mean annual temperature and mean annual potential evapotranspiration، total annual rainfall، respectively are by A1B scenario، 50. 40 mm، 2. 13 °C would increase، and 113. 89 mm per year will be reduced، and by the scenario A2، 30. 82 mm and 1. 57 °C increase، and 4. 81 mm per year will be reduced. The statistics generated by the scenario B1 are 32. 49 mm، 1. 25 °C and 33. 07 mm per year will increase. According to the results، under the A2 and A1B scenarios for (2011 - 2030) and (2046 - 2065) are the most critical forecasting for the future status respectively.

Human life's qualification has been changed and improved by the enhancement of the human knowledge. However, this growth and development have not been equal in all parts of human habitats. As the results of this situation many different social sections have been formed containing different economic qualities such as developed provinces in national level or developed and developing countries in international level. To manage this socio-economic condition, it is very important to have correct information about economic quality for development plans and the reduction of economic inequities. In this research socio-economic qualification of west Azerbaijan province was studied by GIS spatial analysis and Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM). The availability of GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis methods allows combining knowledge derived from different sources to support socio-economic planning and management. Methods such as fuzzy AHP and MCDM have been employed with success to model the socio-economic evaluation techniques but these methods still are not used in many developing countries such as Iran. The main objective of this research is to introduce GIS as a powerful technology in socio-economic development studies. For this to happen, socio- economic indexes are prepared in raster map format in the GIS environment. In the next step all of these GIS dataset layers, stored in Geo-database and have been standardized by Fuzzy logic model. Pixel value of these raster dataset layers were then calculated from 100 percent on the basis of some ingredient indexes such as area, density and population. In the next step Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) was used to generate standard weights for weighted overly and consistency ratio was calculated equal to 0.02. Finally spatial distribution of socio- economic parameters was evaluated in counties of west Azerbaijan province by multi-criteria decision making including Bolin logic, WLC, SAW and AHP. Result of this research showed that counties in west Azerbaijan province have different quality of socio-economic development level and all of them can be divided into 5 classes including Urmia at first class, and Khoy at the second class of economic quality. Also Oshnaveih and Chaldran were at last class of economic developing quality. Other counties have been midway and in under level of economic development.