جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تغذیه تکمیلی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Children under two years of age are the most sensitive age group of children who are at risk of Failure to Thrive (FTT) due to rapid growth and improper transition from the exclusive breastfeeding to and family food. Therapeutic measures to solve children's nutritional problems, especially in infants, are often without significant evidence and indicates the need for further investigations. In order to provide evidence-based data to provide medical information on management of children with failure to thrive, the supplementary feeding pattern of children aged 6-24 months living in Boyer-Ahmad who were underweight was compared with children without growth retardation.

A total of 61 underweight children that referred to pediatric and nutrition clinics, and also from the list of malnourished children in health centers were selected and compared with the same number of healthy children of the same age and sex. The variables of socioeconomic status, knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers regarding child complementary feeding and their 24-hour food intake were assessed and analyzed using Chi Square test, independent samples t test and U Man-Whitney tests.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of children in terms of energy, protein, fat, iron, zinc and vitamin A intake, but the amount of carbohydrate intake in children with FTT showed a statistically significant difference with healthy control children (p = 0.003 ). The most important factors related to FTT in children were the nutritional knowledge of the mothers (p = .001), mother's education (p = .02), father's education (p = 0.033), frequency of complementary food consumption (p = .017) and time Consumption of snacks(p = .017) by children. The variables of parental employment status, age of starting complementary feeding, type of milk consumed were not statistically different between the children with FTT and controls.

Nutritional information of mothers, frequency of complementary feeding, and food preparation hygiene, time of feeding snacks and education level of parents had the most relationship with growth of children.

The mother has a significant role in introducing foods to her child. In present study, the effect of complementary feeding introduction based on BASNEF model on the practice of primiparous mothers was investigated.
This two groups pre&post test quasi experimental study carried on 160 primiparous mothers with 5 months children referred to health centers in Hamadan. Mothers divided into two groups. At fist both groups completed a questionnaire which based on BASNEF model. Then for the intervention group, Instructions were given in four sessions (60 min) on the basis of BASNEF model. Two months later, data was collected via questionnaires and a mother performance checklist in two groups again. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 software through Chi-square and Mann-Whitney.
Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in the mean scores of BASNEF structures in the two groups (p>.0.05), but after that the mean scores were significant (p.0.05). Supplementary feeding time of the intervention and the control groups was 5.88±0.49 and 6.14± 0.35 months respectively. The mean scores of supplementary feeding performance of two group mothers, had significant differences (p BASNEF MODEL can be an efficient tool for increasing knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, intention and, performance of introduction of complementary feeding of mothers; so we suggest health education programs instead of applying traditional instructions.

Starting solid foods is a big step in the development of eating habits that affect on children health. Due to the risk of early or late complementary feeding, this study was designed to determine the effect of onset time of complementary feeding on physical growth of infants under 1 year who referred to Dezful health centers. This Cross-sectional study was performed on 200 infants under 1 year who referred to the Dezful health center in 2013. Samples were selected by available sampling. Data collected by researcher made questionnaire, interview, health records documents and anthropometric characteristics Growth index such as: standard deviation scores for height, weight, head circumference, ratio of height to weight based on the NCHS (National Center For Health Statistics). The data were analyzed using Spss software v20 by statistical tests such as analysis of Variance, independent t test and f test. The significance level was considered below 0.01(P<0.01). The results showed that there is not significant statistical difference between early onset of complementary feeding(4-6 month) compared to the onset of complementary feeding at the end of 6 month and its effect on anthropometric factors(p>0.01). There was a significant differences between mean scores of weight and head circumference, The ratio of height to weight of male and female infants at the end of the one year old (p<0.01). according to results of this study, proper education to parents of health children about starting complementary feeding during the transitional period (4-6 months), maybe reduce malnutrition in children.

Infancy period has an essential role in future health of individuals due to development of human body structure over this period of life. Sufficient nutrition and correct nutritional patterns have great impact on infancy health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of training on awareness، attitude and practice of mothers who had infants. This study was a quasi experimental (before and after the intervention) study without a control group. Study sample included 110 mothers referring to health houses of Abhar city who had at least one infant under 1 year old. Before the intervention، knowledge، attitude and practice of mothers concerning complementary feeding were evaluated using a standard questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested. Intervention program included training sessions with group discussions and role playing، and social worker as facilitator of the group. Training sessions were held twice a week for 6 weeks. One month after the intervention، knowledge، attitude and practice of mothers were measured. Scores of knowledge and attitude showed a significant improvement after the intervention as compared to before the intervention (p<0. 001). In practice domain، mothers had significant changes in choosing of type of complementary feeding، sufficient number of feeding their infants during the day، and proper storage of complementary food after training (p<0. 001). Training in supplementary nutrition by health workers through group discussion and role play has an important effect in improving knowledge، attitude and practice of mothers.

This study was done for offering an effective situation of starting supplementary of growth process for children under the age of one year old in Sabzevar and also to direct the heath policy procedure in the area. 400 samples using classification procedure based on volume of sample from health centers were chosen. The criteria for entering the study was that supplementary nutrition during evaluation was at least for one month. The data was gathered in two sections, before and after starting supplementary nutrition through checking the information of family record, quetionnaire and interview. For analysing the data, MecNemar test and correlation of Pierson were used. The age of staring supplementary nutrition in %80/75 was above six months. Desirable growth process before and after supplementary nutrition were %87 and %81/03, respectively. There was a significant statistical relationship between these two trends (p‹0.001 & r=0.595). And also there was a significant relationship between breastfeeding and growth process before starting supplementary nutrition (p=0.04 & r=0.115). MecNemar Test independently showed a statistically significant relationship between child sex, paternal occupation and maternal education level, before and after supplementary nutrition (p‹o.oo1). Although, this kind of relationship was not detected in the other cases. Starting supplementary nutrition can be potentially a positive factor in desirable growth process(r=0.595), but other variables such as; child’s sex, father’s job and educational level of mother can impact on this situation, independently which must be observed in the process of nutritional consultation.

In order to improve knowledge and practice of mothers about infant feeding and subsequent improvement of nutritional status of infants in their consumption of malnutrition this research was Health centers Boroujerd. This study is a descriptive - analytical (cross) in mothers who are selected by systematic random sampling interviews with 400 mothers of knowledge about complementary feeding practice and its associated risk factors، was assessed with a questionnaire and using a statistical program spss chi-square test and data were analyzed. The findings show that the majority of mothers had good knowledge (61%) the desired function (49%) about their complementary feeding. Between knowledge and practice of mothers about complementary feeding with such parent education، child age، birth order، source of information and communication are significant. If the age of the mother''s job، with the area''s job performance and knowledge in areas such relationship and the sex of the infant with a chi-square test of the relationship between knowledge and practice domains do not show. Relatively strong correlation between the two domains of knowledge and practice is often mothers who have adequate knowledge about infant nutrition to show its good behavior.

Breastfeeding is one of the important factors in infant’s health, safety and body and mental development that have many social, economical and health benefits for family and society. In spite of these advantages of breastfeeding and recommendations to exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months and continuation of it at least until 1 year with supplementary food, but still in our country the rate of breastfeeding is low. Current study accomplished with the purpose of determination the rate of breastfeeding and related factors, which affect it in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences’ health centers and compare the results with available information from 1370-1386. In this cross sectional study 300 women with children aged 12 to 24 months were randomly selected and interviewed. Information regarding participants’ demographics and related factors on breastfeeding consists of level of education of parents, parents’ occupation, number of working days, training about breastfeeding and other factors were collected. Then knowledge and attitude of mothers regarding breastfeeding were assessed by using a questionnaire consists of 10 questions about knowledge and 16 question about attitude. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. The average age of mothers was 28.9±4.6 years, about 41.7% of them has finished the high school and 19.7% of mothers has worked out of home and among them just 22% in workplace had a specific place for breastfeeding. The result showed that 75.7% of mothers were exclusive breast feeders up to 4 months and just 27.4% of them did it up to 6 months. In 63.3% of infants supplementary feeding was started in 6 month and in 31.1% of them it was started before 6 months. Among them just 29.7% of mothers had good levels of knowledge but 95.7% of them had good attitudes regarding breastfeeding. Among related factors that affect breastfeeding, level of mother’s education had relation with length of exclusive breastfeeding inversely. Existence of a specific place for breastfeeding in workplaces leaded to increasing length of exclusive breastfeeding for 1 month. In spite of the fact that health ministry tried to increase the length of exclusive breastfeeding, but still we are far from the aim of a health community in 2010 that announced it should be near 50%.

Breastfeeding is an important principle in pediatric¬ health. It decreases their mortality and protect them from diseases in the first sixth months of life. It`s necessary to investigate the decreasing causes of exclusive Breastfeeding. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional survey was about 320 mothers who had babies within one year old. They`ve gone to consulting centers for lactation in Kerman city. Information gathered by a questionnaire. It consisted of demographic information of mother and child, start time of Breastfeeding, age of starting, type of

The findings showed that just 1.6% of babies have had exclusive Breastfeeding until end of the first 6 months.60.3% of mothers have started complementary feeding for their babies under one month old. Average of Starting age was p=1.98±1.5. The most common type was Formula (99.7 %). The most important reason for complementary feeding was inadequate milk of mothers (92.7%), 72.1% was due to doctor`s recommendations. 68.5% of mothers believed that child crying was due to their milk insufficiency. There was a statistically significant relation between type of labor and starting age of complementary feeding (P = 0.016).

The most important factor in early interruption of exclusive Breastfeeding was wrong belief of mothers. They didn`t know mother`s milk adequacy symptoms and the other reason was doctor`s suggestions.

Inappropriate feeding is one of the major causes of malnutrition in children. This study was carried out to get an insight into mothers’ views and beliefs about the role of complementary feeding in children under the age of two. In this qualitative study, data were collected through 11 focus-group discussions (FGDs) with mothers, who had children under the age of two, in urban and rural areas of Damavand in 2007. Each FGD was held in the presence of a moderator, two note takers, and an observer. At the end of field work, all notes were collected and coded according to the objectives of the study. Then the subgroups for each objective were obtained, and emerging themes were extracted and reported. In the study, six general themes were identified:(1) The mothers viewed complementary feeding as simple, soft, light foods which are especially made for children; (2) the best time for introducing complementary feeding was 6 months of age; (3) there were no complementary local foods in Damavand; (4) for children under the age of one, a different type of food was separately prepared; (5) home-made complementary food was preferred over the ready made type, and (6) children were fed with table food from the first year of life. Despite their sufficient knowledge about the advantages of complementary feeding, the majority of mothers, due to some socio-cultural limitations, had a weak performance. In this regard, in addition to making revisions in current training programs and protocols, providing effective and goal-oriented educational programs for mothers and others who take care of children is strongly recommended.

Children suffering from failure to thrive (FTT) may have significant impairments in physical growth as well as cognitional and developmental functions. After 6 months of age approximately one third of the energy needed for a child should be provided by supplemental nourishments. Studies have shown that poverty itself is not a factor of malnutrition alone and the role of the mother’s knowledge in proper use of the family income and the use of the supplementary nutrition in appropriate time with proper food is significant. The aim of this study was to evaluate maternal knowledge about nutritional status of children and its related factors. This cross sectional study was conducted on three hundred mothers who had a child between 6 to 12 months, at the health care center of the community oriented medical education in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. The mothers were interviewed about supplemental nutrition. Information about maternal age, education, number of children, and family income were also gathered. One hundred eighty one (60/3%) of mothers were between the ages 20-29years and 35/3% had only elementary education. Fifty five percent lived in rental houses and 47/5% had one child. 42/3% of them were found to have average knowledge. Eighty two percent knew the appropriate time to start supplemental nutrition but 92% did not know that the best time of supplemental nutrition was after breast feeding. According to this study, there was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge about supplemental nutrition and maternal age, education, and the number of children P (0.0001). However there was no significant relationship between mother’s knowledge and family type of home ownership. It seems that up-grading maternal knowledge plays an important role in prevention of FTT.

Central nervous system develops during the first years of life. Millions of synapses form among nervous cells before two years of age. The present research was performed to assess the effects of mothers’ training about complementary feeding and developmental skills on growth and development of 5-7 month infants referring to health centers in city of Shiraz in Southwest of Iran. Mothers of 5-7 month old infants were the units of this study. Two hundred and forty infants were selected randomly from those referring to two urban clinics and were assigned randomly to two groups of intervention and comparison. Mothers in the intervention group participated in monthly sessions for six months where pamphlets and movies were used for training. Infants’ height, weight, head circumference, arm circumference, and gross motor developmental functions (using Denver Developmental Test) were monthly assessed in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed on 207 subjects remaining after attrition. Mean weight gain (and its standard deviation) was 8.05 (and 7.52) Kg in intervention group and 0.64 (and 0.60) Kg in comparison group. Weight, height, head circumference, and arm circumference charts were drawn for the two groups and were compared with each other, with pertinent charts form National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and with charts published by Ayatollahi et al. Developmental functions in the two groups were compared with each other and with Denver’s study results The results of this research show that the training of mothers on complementary feeding can contribute to infants’ weight gain (p=0.003), but does not have an effect on their height (p=0.1), head circumference (p=0.173), and arm circumference (p=0.882). Mothers’ training on developmental skills did not have any effect on developmental functions’ progression.

There is a relationship between children’s survival, development and health and their feeding. Malnutrition is a common complication in most of the developing countries. Complementary feeding begins in infants when they can not obtain enough energy and nutrients from mother’s milk. Both early and late beginning of complementary nutrition lead to severe complications, and suitable age for feeding in infants is after month 6. The present study was performed to estimate the age of beginning of complementary feeding and related factors in infants of Semnan. In this cross sectional study, 400 infants aged 6-12 months were analized via questionnaire. In each of 8 health centers in Semnan, 50 mothers who referred to health care centers, filled up questionnaires. 76.3% of mothers begin the complementary feeding from 6 months after delivery. The most common complementary food, which was used, was cereal (69.5%). Mean (±SD) beginning age of complementary feeding was 5.86±0.60 month. Most of mothers (97.5%) had been received information about infant’s feeding through appointments, books, vaccination card and pamphlet prior to their infants reach to age 6 month. There was a significant relationship between occupation of mother (P=0.049), age of mother (P=0.040), father's educational level (P=0.002), type of delivery (P=0.015) and the beginning age of complementary feeding. However, no significant relationship was observed between gender, type of milk, birth order, type of health care center, mother's educational level, first complementary feeding, type of mother's education and the beginning age of complementary feeding. The findings of current study showed that 97.5% of mothers were educated for beginning of complementary feeding in a suitable time; however, about 23% of them didn’t begin complementary feeding in an appropriate time. Therefore, it seems more effective education is necessary to give by health care centers to mothers especially for older mothers and those have normal delivery.