جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بافت شناسی » در نشریات گروه « دامپزشکی »

Increasing uses of nanoparticles such as iron oxide and its many fields of applications, on the other hand, lead to their discharge into an aqueous environment and may interfere with physiological processes for aquatic organisms. On the other hand, Spirulina with antioxidant and therapeutic properties is used as a dietary supplement in aquaculture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate histomorphological effects of kidney and serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid of oral administration of iron oxide nanoparticles and the therapeutic effects of spirulina platensis in Mugil cephalus. After two weeks of adaptation, 72 fish gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) weighting (22.79± 1.14 g) and with length (12.322±0.194 cm) were divided into 11 groups in 40-liter aquariums. Treatments included 3-day (short-term) and 60-day (long-term) groups receiving 15 mg/kg iron oxide nanoparticles, 300 mg/kg spirulina platensis, and a combination of both. Histological and histomorphometric changes were performed, including the diameter of the lumen of distal and proximal tubules, the height of epithelium of distal and proximal tubules, the diameter of the renal corpuscle, the diameter of the glomeruli, and the size of the urinary space (Bowman capsule). Serum levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine were then measured.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26, One Way ANOVA and Tukey post test. The results indicated that iron oxide nanoparticles for 60 days led to significant changes in all factors (except for diameter of the renal corpuscle) compared with the control group. In contrast, Spirulina platensis caused a significant decrease in diameter of the lumen and an increase in height of epithelium of distal and proximal tubules, which was a significant increase in the distal tubules. Spirulina platensis decreased no significant diameter of urinary space. The results showed that spirulina acts against effects induced by iron oxide nanoparticles; in other words, it could neutralize the damage caused by the nanoparticles. It was observed that iron oxide nanoparticles cause a slight decrease in serum urea level, but spirulina increases the amount of serum urea, which was not significant. Spirulina prevented a large increase in serum creatinine and a large decrease in uric acid caused by nanoparticles and therefore had a compensatory function.

Numerous studies have investigated the positive effect of chitosan and nano-chitosan loaded clinoptilolite on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and intestinal histomorphology in different fish species. However, there are no data evaluating the potential effect of the composites on the fish stomach.

In the current study, the effects of chitosan and nano-chitosan loaded clinoptilolite on histological features and pepsin activity in the rainbow trout stomach were considered.

Chitosan and nano-chitosan loaded clinoptilolite were synthesized, and then two hundred and forty fish (~27.75 g) fish were distributed in eight groups each in three replicates. Ten days after adaptation, the fish were fed with eight diets, including control diet (CTR), clinpotilolite (T1), chitosan composites (T2, T3, T4), and nano-chitosan composites (T5, T6, T7) for 70 days. Afterward, all fish in each tank were anesthetized in clove extract (50 μl/l), and tissue samples were obtained for pepsin activity (n= 5) and histological assay (n = 5).

The groups administrated with nanochitosan composites showed the highest pepsin activity (P˂0.05). Additionally, histological examinations exhibited a higher epithelial height, increased mucosal density, and oxynticopeptic cells hypertrophy in fish fed composites compared to the CTR group (P˂0.05). Meanwhile, nanochitosan composite administration could cause higher reaction of secreted granules to periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining.

The findings demonstrated the potential application of chitosan and nano-chitosan loaded clinoptilolite composites for improvements in the histomorphology and pepsin activity of the rainbow trout stomach, resulting in higher growth performance.

The cichlidae family has more than 1300 species which in turn have great species morphologic differences. In this study, histology of liver, spleen and pancreas of four cichlid species (green terror cichlid, Oscar, giraffe cichlid and Texas cichlid) were compared. For this purpose, four apparently normal fish specimens from each species were selected after killing of which, tissue samples were taken. The sections stained with two methods (Haematoxillin- Eosin and Periodic acid Schiff). The results showed that all liver sections contained pancreas tissues around the liver blood vessels. Liver cells size in two species (green terror cichlid and giraffe cichlid) was significantly bigger than the two other species. The liver cell to pancreatic cell ratios also was significantly higher in two species. The liver size in giraffe cichlid, was even significantly bigger than the green terror cichlid. Exocrine pancreatic cell size in all 4 species showed no significant difference. The spleen in four fish species showed different degrees of amount and intensity in melanomacrophage centers. In PAS stained sections, only the pancreatic tissues showed more PAS positive reaction that may be due to the more glycogen content. The liver showed a weak PAS reaction. The bigger size formation of liver cells in two species can be due to feeding regime or simply a species specific trait. Yet more investigation is still needed to determine the importance of these findings.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of saturated and unsaturated fat sources in the diet of late pregnancy and early lactation on histological changes in the mammary gland of nulliparous Saanen goats. Thirty does from the second half of pregnancy were divided into three groups based on body weight. For each group, the diet contained either: 1) saturated fat (positive control, C+), 2) roasted soybeans (omega-6, SB), or 3) extruded flaxseeds (omega-3, FS). Milk production was determined weekly and mammary tissue sampling was performed three times after kidding and the histological information of the mammary tissue was obtained using Image J software. The results showed that consumption of flaxseed and soybean increased milk production in the whole period compared to the C+ group (P<0.05).  The percentages of epithelial cells and stroma were the highest and the lowest, respectively in the FS group compared to the other groups(P<0.05). The areas of alveoli, lumen, epithelium and the number of epithelial cells per alveolus were higher in the SB group; however, the number of alveoli per unit area  was lower in SB group than  in the other groups (P<0.05). Based on the results, it is concluded that the consumption of diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids, in critical periods of mammary gland growth, affects growth and development of mammary tissue, improves lactation performance and increases milk production.

As yet no method has been proposed to determine the percentage of different components in meat products. The aim of this study was to identify the percentage of skeletal muscle and plant additives using histological method and image analysis in heated and unheated meat products. For this purpose, with the cooperation of Goshtiran company, 100 samples, with well-defined percentages of skeletal muscle and other components used in the production of these products, were prepared and provided to the laboratory. After delivery in the laboratory, the products were coded and according to the executive method of Iranian National Standard No. 6103a, samples were randomly removed from each product and were fixed in 10% formalin buffer solution. Then, the samples entered the routine stages and stained using H&E staining methods. Images were analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software. Finally, the results were compared with the documents sent from the production unit. Statistical analysis of the results obtained in the present study did not show a significant difference with the reported amount of production unit in relation to the percentage of meat used in all 5 types of sausages, hamburger, kebab and chicken nuggets (p >0.05). However, statistical analysis of the results obtained with the reported amount of production unit in relation to the percentage of plant additives used was not statistically significant only in the sausage product. It can be concluded that histology and image analysis can be used to determine the percentage of skeletal muscle in meat products.

As a poison, nicotine leaves irreparable effects on various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system. Coenzyme Q10 has a tremendous effect in raising the body's antioxidant level and preventing poisoning. In the current study, the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the changes induced by nicotine in the rat ovary was investigated. For this purpose, 32 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8. The rats of the first group (control) were only fed with the usual diet, but the animals of the second group were treated with nicotine at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg, the rats of the third group were treated with coenzyme Q10 at the rate of 75 mg/kg and the animals of the fourth group were treated simultaneously using nicotine and coenzyme Q10 (with the same amounts) through gavage. At the end of the study period (45 days), the animals were euthanised and blood samples were taken for hormonal and antioxidant tests. Also, ovarian tissue was sampled for histological studies. In animals treated with nicotine, there was an increase in follicular atresia, tissue damage, an increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, along with a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles, a decrease in the amount of estrogen and follicle stimulating hormones, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. But in animals receiving nicotine and coenzyme Q10 at the same time, there was a significant improvement in ovarian function and structure. This study shows coenzyme Q10 can play a protective role against oxidative stress and tissue changes caused by nicotine in the ovaries of rats with the mechanism of balancing the antioxidant status and reproductive hormones.

Meat is one of society's most important nutritional needs, the price of which is higher than other food groups. In recent years, the use of meat products has increased due to human lifestyle changes. Fraud in meat products occurs for various reasons, including the economic value of meat. Therefore, it is crucial to use fast and accurate methods of identifying these frauds.

The purpose of this study is to determine the unauthorized tissue by a histological method as well as to determine the unauthorized species used in meat products of factories in Hamadan province.

In the summer of 2021, fifty samples were collected from active production units of the Hamedan province that were available in the Hamadan city market and transferred to the laboratory for histological laboratory and animal species determination by PCR test. For the histology test based on the national standard 6103, the samples were subjected to fixation, passage (dehydration, clearing, impregnation with molten paraffin), blocking, sectioning, and H&E staining. PCR method was used to determine the type of animal species used in the production of the collected samples.

The results confirmed the presence of unauthorized tissues, including bone, cartilage (articular and respiratory cartilage), skin, and glandular organ in meat products. Also, PCR test results showed that chicken meat was found in 100% of the samples labeled with beef.

The presence of illegal tissue and the use of chicken meat in products labeled as beef meat is evident in the sausages produced in Hamadan province.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feed form and various sources of fiber on small intestine histology of broiler chickens in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2×5 with 10 treatments and 4 replicates for 42 days. Treatments consisted of different sources of fiber (3% sunflower hull (SFH), 3% wheat bran (WB), 3% sugar beet pulp (SBP) and 0.5% Arbocel) with control diet and 2 feed forms (mash vs. pellet).  The results showed that SBP in mash form increased villus height of duodenum and jejunum. In the duodenum, SBP and in the jejunum, SFH increased villus height. Duodenal villus height increased significantly in birds fed with mash form compared to the birds fed with pellet form of diet. SFH increased the villus diameter, epithelial thickness, and mscle thickness. In the jejunum, control treatment in pellet increased the villus diameter and epithelial thickness and in the duodenum SFH, SBP and Arbocel in mash form decreased crypt depth. WB in pellet form significantly increased the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the duodenum.  According to the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the use of fiber sources in mash form in compare to the pellet form, improved histlogical parameters of small intestine in broiler chickens.

Ammonia accumulation in warm-water fish pond can lead to mortality or reduction in growth and body immune indices.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic sub-lethal unionized ammonia (NH3) on growth indices and gill and kidney histopathology l, after a 30 – day trial in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Herein, 180 fish with an average weight of 4.5±0.5 g were divided into six tanks. Two groups, including one control group and one treatment group (with three replicates for each one), were considered. The treatment fish were exposed to 0.1 mg/l on un-ionized ammonia (NH3) for 30 consecutive days. Following one -month, ammonia exposure growth indices and histological analysis of gill and kidney were investigated.

The results showed that exposure to 0.1 mg/l of NH3 led to a significant reduction in growth indices. Additionally, edema and epithelial lifting with hyperplasia in the second lamella were detected in the gill of the treatment group. The kidney was characterized by focal renal tubules degeneration and necrosis, congestion, and increase in the melano-macrophage centers.

Although chronic exposure to 0.1 mg/l of unionized ammonia was not found to cause mortality in common carp, it could have some side effects, such as a decline in growth indices and histopathological effects in kidney and gill tissues. Thus, for higher production, sublethal levels of ammonia should also be taken into account in common carp ponds.

The present study was conducted to compare the histology of renal proximal tubules (I) and (II) in two species (Rainbow trout and Oscar). Rainbow trout, known as Oncorhynchus mykiss scientific name from the Salmonidae family which is cultivated and freshwater. Oscar fish, the scientific name is Astronotus Ocellatus, which is one of the most well-known ornamental fish of the Chichlidae family. Five piece of the two fish species were selected randomly and their macroscopic specification and morphometric measurements were recorded. Samples were fixed in %10 formalin buffer and the cuts were prepared with a thickness of five micron and then they were stained by Hematoxylin and eosin and Periodic acid–Schiff method and studied by light microscopy. The data were analyzed with SPSS software and T-Test statistical test (P <0.05). Proximal and distal tubes were detected and the variables were measured. The size of the cell nucleus and the outer diameter of the proximal (I) had a significant difference (P<0.01). There has been significant difference in the number and the size of cell and its nucleus, the inner and outer diameter of the proximal II between two species (P<0.001). The number, cell size of the distal tubules has been significant difference between two species (P<0.01). The size of the cell nucleus, the inner and outer diameter of the distal tubules have been significant difference between two species (P<0.001). According to the results, the anatomy and histology of kidney tissue are different in the Rainbow trout and Oscar fish.

Plasma lipoprotein profile is one of the effective mechanisms in testicular tissue development and spermatogenesis process in roosters.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of l-carnitine during pre-pubertal period on testicular histology, spermatogenesis indexes and plasma lipoproteins of immature cockerels

A total of twelve Ross broiler breeder males (12 weeks) for 22 weeks in a completely randomized design with two treatments (0, and 250 mg/kg of L-carnitine in the diet) and six replications were used. Feeding program, and photoperiod regimen was performed based on ROSS 308 management handbook. To achieve the objectives of the study, at the age of 34 weeks, four birds were randomly selected from each treatment and after collecting blood samples from the veins under the wings, the birds were slaughtered. Finally, plasma cholesterol, LDL and HDL concentrations using a commercial kit and testicular parameters (number of seminiferous tubules, number of Sertoli cells, height of epithelium seminiferous tubules, seminiferous tubules diameter, spermatogenesis index, and tubular differentiation index) after preparation of 5-μm paraffin sections, were analyzed by SAS software.

The results showed that the number of seminiferous tubules, and the number of Sertoli cells were significantly affected by l-carnitine (p < /em><0.05). L-carnitine supplementation in the diet of immature cockerels before sexual maturity significantly increased the spermatogenesis index (p < /em><0.003) and tubular differentiation index (p < /em><0.02). HDL levels were significantly affected by l-carnitine supplementation (p < /em><0.007). There was a significant tendency in LDL concentration (p < /em>=0.09) and LDL/HDL ratio (p < /em>=0.059) between treatments, but no significant differences were observed in cholesterol concentration between treatments.

According to the results of this study, feeding immature cockerels before sexual maturity with 250 mg l-carnitine improves testicular tissue development and spermatogenesis process.

Yersiniosis is known as one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases in fish, which causes high mortality and economic losses in cultured fish farms every year.

The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in hematological indices and gut histopathology in Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) exposed to Yersinia ruckeri.

60 Caspian roach broodstock with an average weight of 63.4 ± 2.1 g were divided into three groups (with two replicates for each group), including one treatment, one positive control, and one negative control groups. The treatment group was intraperitoneally injected with Yersinia ruckeri bacterium at a dosage of 3.8 × 107 cell/fish. The positive group just received normal saline (0.9 % NaCl) via intraperitoneal injection. No injection was performed in the negative control group.

Symptoms appeared on the fourth day after exposure and 20 % of the fish in the treatment group died 5 days after the challenge. Cumulative mortality reached 53 % on day 9 after the challenge.  According to hematological analysis, the challenge with Yersinia ruckeri led to a significant increase in white blood cell counts (WBC) compared to the control groups. Moreover, 10 days following exposure, the treatment group experienced hypochromic macrocytic anemia. Gut histopathology was characterized with necrosis and detachment of intestinal epithelial cell and inflammatory cells infiltration in the treatment group.

Based on the obtained results herein, Yersinia rackeri can cause acute disease in Caspian roach; therefore, preventing and controlling this disease is essential for these fish in infected regions.

The morphology of the large intestine in birds is different. In addition to its nutritional role, because of the existence of lymphatic tissue, it plays an important immunological role. The present study was designed and conducted to expand the histological knowledge of the gastrointestinal tract in birds by evaluating the histomorphology of the cecum and colon at different ages. For this purpose, 36 ostrich chicks were selected in 6 age groups. These samples were selected from slaughterhouses around Tehran at the ages of one and fifteen days and one, three, six, and twelve months. In this study, it was found the epithelium of the cecum is pseudostratified and simple columnar, and the number of goblet cells increases with the age of the chickens. The muscularis mucosa at the base of the cecum was indistinct and thin, but clear at the apex of the cecum and colon. The thickness of the muscular layer increased with age the Auerbach plexus were mostly seen between the fibers of the longitudinal layer of the muscular layer. The lymphatic tissue was also observed in follicular shape in the lamina propria of the cecum from the age of six months. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in general, in terms of histomorphological features, the development of the large intestine in ostrich chickens is very similar to other birds, especially the Struthioniformes. However, the differences can be found in the condition of the muscularis mucosa and the distribution and timing of lymphatic tissue formation.

The prevention the using of unauthorized tissues (such as skin, bone, cartilage, soya, etc.) in the production of meat products in recent years has been very much considered. This is done to identify offending production units and increase consumer confidence in meat products. Histological method should be used to control the ingredients of meat products, along with chemical tests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of histological experiments to reduce the violations of the use of unauthorized tissues in meat products (Sausages, Kielbasa, burgers, Kabab Loghmeh and nuggets). For this purpose, in the period of three years, from the second half of 2014 to the end of the first half of 2017, samples were sent to three laboratories for the detection of unauthorized tissues in the provinces of Tehran, Alborz and Esfahan were evaluated and recorded. The final results of the data recording after the end of the three-year period were evaluated by statistical software and the results were presented in the chart and picture. The results showed a significant decrease in the use of unauthorized tissues during the course of the study. By presenting the results of this research, we can be stated that histological examination as a diagnostic test has been able to play a role in preventing the use of unauthorized tissues in meat products.