فهرست مطالب نسرین رضایی

To study the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial Root-Zone Drying (PRD) on yield and physiological characteristics of mungbean, a field experiment was conducted as a split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments at the research farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University during growing season in 2022. Treatments included three levels of deficit irrigation (100 (without stress), 70 (moderate stress) and 50% (severe stress) of field capacity) as main plots and three irrigation methods including; usual irrigation, fixed partial root-zone drying (FPRD) and alternative partial root-zone drying (APRD) as subplots. Results showed that the highest yield (2187.37 kg.ha-1) and total chlorophyll (2.28 mg.g-1fresh weigh) in the treatment without stress and usual irrigation and the lowest yield (570.70 kg.ha-1) and Total chlorophyll (1.11 mg.g-1fresh weigh) was obtained under severe stress conditions and usual irrigation method. Drought stress increased the content of malondialdehyde (32%), catalase (69%) and ascorbate peroxidase (63%) compared to non-stress conditions. In severe and moderate stress, the use of APRD compared to usual irrigation, increased yield, RWC, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity in mung bean plants. However, these effects were not observed in the FPRD. In moderate stress, APRD with water saving showed a yield close to that of the control treatment. The results showed that in deficit irrigation, APRD was effective in reducing the effects of drought stress in the mung bean plant.Keywords: Antioxidants, drought stress, Chlorophyll, Proline

Destruction of basic agricultural resources is one of the biggest challenges facing sustainable food security. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of mechanical and non-mechanical methods of soil and water resources conservation in Hamedan-Bahar plain. The data of this study was obtained by completing the questionnaire and interviewing 191 farmers in the crop year of 2021-2022. For data analysis, general logit and multinominal logit models were used. The results of this study showed that the factors affecting the acceptance of non-mechanical and mechanical conservation methods can be statistically separated from each other. The variables of having a non-agricultural job, the value of each hectare of land, the commitment to preserve basic resources for the future generation on the probability of accepting non- mechanical methods, and the variables of the value of each hectare of land, the amount of credits received, knowledge of the long-term benefits of conservation agriculture, the commitment to preserve basic resources for The future generation and lack of trust in the advice of agricultural experts have significant effect on the probability of acceptance of mechanical protection methods by farmers. According to the results, measures such as granting long-term, low-interest and targeted facilities for the use of protective measures, increasing educational-promotional activities by the provincial agricultural organization, using public media and virtual networks to inform farmers, creating non-agricultural job fields and diversification of the economic sector in rural areas is one of the proposed policies effective on the acceptance of conservation cultivation methods.

Background & Aims :

During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses working in psychiatric departments were also involved, which affected their mental health. The present study aims to determine the effect of psychological immunization on perceived stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 in nurses working in the psychiatry department of a hospital in Zahedan, Iran.

Materials & Methods:

 This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted from February to June 2022. Participants were 50 nurses from the psychiatry department of Baharan Hospital in Zahedan city who were selected by a census method, and were assigned to intervention and control groups. Data collection tools included a demographic form, the perceived stress scale, and the corona disease anxiety scale. The psychological immunization was provided in two four-hour workshops. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 16 using mean, standard deviation and chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher’s exact test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results :

Most of the nurses had an infection with COVID-19 and were vaccinated. The mean and score of anxiety decreased from 11.96±10.05 to 8.12±6.92 in the intervention group (P=0.004) and decreased from 11.84±10.26 to 8.40±6.51 in the control group (P=0.07). The mean score of perceived stress changed from 27.45±5.56 to 27.20±4.20 after intervention in the intervention group (P=0.8) and from 27.48±4.71 to 28.32±4.87 in the control group (P=0.43).

Conclusion:

 The psychological immunization program has no significant effect on anxiety and stress caused by COVID-19 in nurses of psychiatric departments in Zahedan, Iran. It is recommended that psychiatric hospital managers should pay attention to the psychological problems of nurses at the beginning of the pandemic.

A large number of drug users make attempts to cease drug use; however, a relapse tendency often emerges subsequent to the cessation period. The present study aimed to examine the effect of emotion regulation skill training on self-control and psychological distress among opioid-dependent people hospitalized at Zahedan Psychiatric Hospital.

Methods & Materials: 

This quasi-experimental study was conducted over the fourth quarter of the year 2022, focusing on 80 drug users who underwent treatment at Baharan Psychiatric Hospital in Zahedan. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and subsequently assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a total of 10 sessions of training in emotion regulation skills. The self-control and psychological distress questionnaires were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tests through SPSS software version 22.

The mean and standard deviation of the psychological distress score among opioid addicts in both the intervention group (P<0.001) and the control group significantly decreased (P<0.005). To account for the significant effect of pre-test scores, an analysis of covariance test was conducted, indicating a statistically significant difference in the average psychological distress scores between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.001). Similarly, the self-control score in both the intervention and control groups showed a significant increase in mean and standard deviation (P<0.001). The analysis of covariance test, considering the significant effect of the pre-test scores, also showed a statistically significant difference in the average self-control score between the two groups after the intervention (P<0.001).

The findings showed that emotion regulation skills training among individuals with opioid dependency is associated with a significant decrease in psychological distress and a significant increase in self-control. Consequently, these findings suggest that such regulation may exert positive and inhibitory influences on behaviors contributing to the recurrence of substance use. In light of these findings, it is recommended to implement training programs focused on developing emotion regulation skills as a means to improve psychological distress and self-control among individuals undergoing addiction recovery.

In order to study the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) and partial Root-Zone Drying (PRD) on water productivity and photosynthetic characteristics of mungbean, a field experiment was conducted as a split-plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments at the research farm, Ilam University during the growing season in 2021. Treatments included three levels of deficit irrigation (50, 70 and 100% of water requirement) as main plots and three irrigation methods including; usual irrigation, fixed partial root-zone drying, and alternative partial root-zone drying as subplots. The results showed that the effect of drought stress on water productivity, carboxylation efficiency, and photosynthetic water use efficiency was significant. Also, the Interactive effect of drought stress and irrigation method on water productivity and carboxylation efficiency was significant. The highest amount of water productivity, in all irrigation methods, was found in 75% water requirement treatment. The highest water productivity (0.49 kg/m3) was recorded with the alternative PRD method in 75 % of the water requirement level. There was no significant difference between alternative PRD and DI methods at 75 and 100 % of water requirement levels on water productivity. In severe drought stress, water productivity in the alternative PRD method was significantly higher than the other two methods. Therefore, in drought stress conditions, using the PRD method was effective in reducing the effects of drought stress.

The reactivity time of the non-stress test (NST) has been less investigated in the studies. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of lavender aromatherapy with and without music on the reactivity time of NST and basal fetal heart rate in primiparous women.

 This three-group randomized clinical trial study was conducted between 2020-2021 on 195 primiparous women who referred to the prenatal clinic of Shahid Akbar Abadi educational and medical center in Tehran. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups: lavender aromatherapy, lavender aromatherapy-music, and control (n=65 in each group). In the lavender aromatherapy group, four drops of 10% lavender essence was inhaled. In the lavender aromatherapy-music group, participants also listened to music (nature sounds). After the intervention, NST was performed in all three groups for 20 minutes. The reactivity time of the NST and the number of basal fetal heart rate were considered as primary outcomes. The data were analyzed by statistical software (version 16), and one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc, paired t-test, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean reactivity time of the NST in the two intervention groups: lavender aromatherapy (7.05±4.11 minutes) and the combination of lavender aromatherapy and music therapy (6.04±3.59 minutes) was lower than the control group (10.43±5.32 minutes). The NST results were reactive in 64 (98.5%) of the cases in each of the intervention groups and 52 (80%) in the control group (P<0.001). There was no significant statistical difference between the two intervention groups in reactivity time of the NST (p= 0.144). During the NST, the three groups did not have a statistically significant difference in the mean basal fetal heart (p= 0.729).

The combination of lavender aromatherapy and music did not have a more effect on shortening the reactivity time of the NST when compared to lavender oil use alone. Therefore, the use of lavender aromatherapy is suggested to reduce the reactivity time of the NST.

Background & Aims:

 Breast cancer is one of the common diseases in women that endangers their physical and mental health. Rumination is one of the psychological problems in these women. The present study aims to determine the effect of an educational program based on hope therapy on the rumination of women with breast cancer.

This is a quasi-experimental study. The study population consist of all women with breast cancer referred to the chemotherapy departments of hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. The sampling was done using a continuous method. Then, the samples were divided into intervention (n=50) and control (n=50) groups randomly by lottery method. The intervention was conducted at eight group sessions, twice a week. The data collection tools were a demographic form and the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). The data were analyzed in SPSS software, verion 16.

The mean score of rumination before the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.29). After the intervention, the difference between the two groups was significant (P=0.0001). The paired t-test results showed a significant difference in the mean score of rumination before and after the intervention in the intervention group (P=0.003), but there was no significant difference in the control group (P=0.89).

 Education based on hope therapy can positively affect the rumination of women with breast cancer. By an hope therapy-based intervention, the disturbing thoughts, which are mostly related to disease and despair, can be reduced in women with breast cancer experiencing rumination.

Aging is associated with declined health. To maintain the health of the elderly, it is necessary to develop preventive health measures. Social well-being is an important dimension of health in the elderly. The present study aims to determine the effect of group reminiscence therapy on the social well-being of retired older men in Zahedan, Iran.

This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in 2018. Participants were 90 retired older men aged 60-75 years in Zahedan, Iran who were selected by a convenience method and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Data collection tools were a demographic form and Keyes’ social well-being scale-short form. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software, version 16.

The Mean±SD age was 68.02±3.46 in the intervention group and 68.64±4.60 years in the control group. The results of independent t-test showed that the mean score of social well-being after reminiscence intervention was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.002).

Group reminiscence therapy has a positive effect on the social well-being of retired older men. Since the elderly are interested in sharing memories and considering that reminiscence therapy is an attractive, simple and cost-effective intervention, it can be used to improve their social well-being.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the Internet of Things in changing the cultural dimension and interaction with the physical world of young people in Tehran Was. The type of research method in the leading research study was descriptive and survey type. The statistical population includes all students studying in the field of communication sciences and media studies at the Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch in 1401-1400, which is 950 students in the field of communication sciences and media studies. The sample size according to Krejcie and Morgan sampling table is equal to 274 students of communication sciences and media studies. Sampling method is the use of stratified sampling (due to the use of gender of male and female students, undergraduate, graduate and doctoral). The research instruments included Atzuri et al.\'s Internet of Things Questionnaire (2010) and Zahiri-Khakhah Lifestyle Questionnaire (1400). Inferential statistics (t-test for independent groups, F-test) with α = 0.05 and SPSS software version 21 were used to analyze the research hypotheses. Findings showed: Internet of Things has a positive and significant role on the cultural dimension of youth in Tehran. The Internet of Things has a positive and significant role in interacting with the physical world of the youth of Tehran.

The purpose of this study was to investigate coronary trauma in everyday life, in the works of visual artists in the field of illustration and graphics with an emphasis on social responsibility (studied by Instagram). In this research, first the descriptive concepts and theories related to semiotic ideas and the reproductive course of meaning have been proposed, then with an analytical approach between the theories and works of art discussed in the time of Corona (Ebrahim Haghighi in the field of illustration and graphics). To read the text with their help. . Accordingly, the statistical population of the present study, including selected works of artists in the field of illustration and graphics created with the theme of the corona virus and Covid-19 disease, are analyzed in terms of content; Therefore, in the present study, the statistical sample includes the works of Iranian artist Ebrahim Haghighi in the field of illustration and graphics in the first six months of the Corona crisis. Saussure's semiotics and structuralism have been considered in this research. Findings showed: Corona trauma in daily life, in the works of visual artists (in the field of illustration and graphics) has played a role in the form of social responsibility on Instagram. Also, the activities of visual artists (in the field of illustration and graphics) have had a positive effect on social responsibility in Instagram during the Corona crisis. It is suggested to the senior and middle managers of cities and provinces in urban management and visual decisions and urban furniture of the maximum capacities of artists and experts in this field in order to improve the urban appearance and psychological effects on culture. People used to.

Pre-hospital emergencies are one of the most stressful medical professions. Stressful jobs affect employees’ resilience and their ability to control anger. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of psycho-education on the level of anger and resilience among pre-hospital emergency staff.

In this quasi-experimental study, 120 people employed in urban and road centers in Zahedan were included through the convenience sampling method. To determine the intervention and control group, out of 24 available centers, 12 centers were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 12 centers to the control group. First, a demographic information form and the self-reported anger and resilience questionnaires were completed by both groups. Then, the intervention group participated in five sessions of psycho-education in groups of 8-12 people. The questionnaires were completed again by both groups two months after the intervention. Data was analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test).

The results of independent t-test showed no significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of resilience score among pre-hospital emergency staff between the intervention and control groups before the intervention (P=0.492), but after the intervention the difference was significant (P=0.009). Also, the results of independent t-test showed no significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of anger control score among pre-hospital emergency staff between the intervention and control groups before the intervention (P=0.672), but after the intervention, mean and standard deviation of anger control score in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of in the control group (P<0.001).

The present study showed that psycho-education improved the resilience of emergency workers, and the employees were able to control their anger by enhancing resilience. It is suggested that in-service training programs for pre-hospital emergency staff include a psycho-education program to enhance resilience and control anger in those who face many stressful situations.

Sharing capacity among the manufacturing companies, which are not competitors at the same level, can increase their profit and sustainability. This study aims to propose a model for identifying and determining the horizontal collaborative clusters in industrial holdings. 

 To achieve the mentioned clusters in the pharmaceutical industry, first, the affecting criteria were determined based on the literature review, and according to the opinions of managers, supervisors and pharmaceutical holding experts. Then, the related dimensions of each sub-criteria were specified and the common products of the companies were grouped into eight clusters. In this step, each drug was assigned to a cluster of which, the characteristic vector had the shortest distance from it. In the following steps, the obtained clusters were assigned to the companies. For this purpose, the similarity of clusters and companies were measured and each cluster was assigned to the most similar company. Finally, the quality of clustering was measured using cosine similarity, by calculating the distance between the company's products in pairs. The average value of such distances was assumed as the representative value of the product distance in the clusters. 

Pharmaceutical products were categorized into eight clusters, and each one was assigned to a company. Also, the components’ cosine distance inside each cluster was compared, before and after the clustering. The results indicated that the mean distance of products decreased after clustering. Since the similarity of the products in each cluster was increased, it seems that the clustering was sufficiently qualified. 

 One of the main limitations of this study was the lack of a consistent standard in the information provision of companies. Another limitation was the lack of transparent information provided by companies and the time required to collect data. Also, there was a lack of related studies on how to implement such a method. The lack of cooperation of some experts in completing the questionnaire brought other difficulties and led to a longer-lasting research time. As a future study opportunity, it is suggested to perform a feasibility study on the horizontal collaboration in industrial holdings according to different variables such as holding size (small, medium, large), type of industry (manufacturing and commercial), type of sector (private and public) and legal status (Individual ownership, partnership), market demand and market size. Such study results in determining the extent to which, horizontal cooperation can bring synergy in different situations. 

Horizontal collaboration is an effective tool for business management to improve the competitiveness of the organization. It also fills the gap between the company's existing resources and future requirements. It also increases the competitiveness of organizations by providing external resources to them through creating synergy, promoting learning, and rapid change. Social implications: Holdings create synergies by establishing cooperation between their subsidiaries. The result will be higher production quality and more cost-effectiveness, which will lead to customer satisfaction.  

There are a variety of ways for determining a business partner, including game theory and clustering. While in several studies, cooperation among several factories through game theory negotiations has led to relative efficiency, decisions have been made based on a short-term perspective. Therefore, such cooperation may be unstable. The desired time horizon is long-term in clustering. Hence, the designated partners can consistently continue their cooperation in the long run.

The present research aimed to investigation the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between personality traits and coping styles. Research method was correlational and Research population consist of all male bus drivers of intercity terminals of Tehran. From this population, 210 subjects were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and answered to Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (Endler& Parker, 1990), NEO personality inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) cognitive flexibility Inventory(Dennis &Vanderwal, 2010). Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling(SEM) with using Amos-21 and SPSS-19. The results showed thatthere was negative relationship between neuroticism personality traitwithproblem focused coping style and negative relationship betweenemotion focused and avoidance with problem focused coping styles (P<0/05). There was a positive relationshipamongextroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness personality traits with a problem focused coping style, andnegative relationship with emotion focused and avoidance coping styles (P<0/05). But openness to experience had not significant relationship with coping styles. personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness had indirect effect on problem focused coping style through cognitive flexibility (P<0/05). personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness had indirect effect on emotion focused coping style through cognitive flexibility (P<0/05).Indirect effects of personality traits on avoidance coping style through cognitive flexibility were rejected.

From health perspective, swimming pools must have appropriate physical, chemical, and microbial properties and must be desirably maintained. In this research, physicochemical parameters, microbial, and fungal contamination of swimming pools have been examined

In this study, 11 active covered swimming pools were sampled as census. samples were, This cross-sectional study was carried out. Microbial, and fungal contamination and temperature, free residual chlorine, turbidity, oxidation and revival parameters were measured. analyzed with software SPSS V16 was used for statistical analysis. After performing descriptive analysis of data, chi-square test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA were used to determine the relationship between the variables..

The results showed that out of 27 water samples taken from the pools of Zahedan city in terms of the frequency of parasitic infection, no parasitic samples including worm eggs, trophozoites or intestinal protozoa of pathogenic and non-pathogenic intestinal protozoa were observed. Parasitic and fungal pathogens and the amount of physicochemical factors in the water of the pools were studied, which could be due to the knowledge and attitude of pool managers and managers to the importance of pool water quality to ensure the health of swimmers and monitoring to improve pool water quality (including proper chlorination).

The results indicate the It is recommended to continuously disinfect the surrounding environment including the pools platforms. The overuse of chlorine will had a negative impact on the other parameters.

Drug addiction is one of the serious problems that has caused many concerns in society. In Iran, addiction is highly prevalent among different age groups. Due to diagnostic and reporting conditions, accurate statistics about the number of addicts are not available. However, the population of drug addicts seems to be increasing every year, and this is a serious warning to society. A large number of drug users refer to drug treatment centers every year, but after a while, they tend to use drugs again, which is one of the challenges of society. According to the results of some studies, there is a significant relationship between hope and the cleansing period of drug addicts. Since hope can be a fundamental and motivating factor in drug withdrawal and may play an important role in all stages of drug withdrawal, from action to continuing withdrawal and recovery, it seems that implementing interventions that can raise hope in addicts experiencing withdrawal is necessary for drug withdrawal and its continuation. Therefore, considering that happiness-based programs can increase life expectancy in people, this study aimed to determine the effect of the happiness program on the hope of addicts experiencing withdrawal at the psychiatric center of Zahedan.

This is a quasi-experimental study. Men aged 18 to 50 years who were admitted to Zahedan Psychiatric Hospital in autumn and winter of 2020 for drug withdrawal comprised the study population. The samples included 92 addicted men. They were selected based on convenience sampling procedure and were randomly divided into intervention (n=46) and control (n=46) groups. Inclusion criteria were no physical symptoms of withdrawal such as pain and restlessness, no psychotic disorder associated with drug abuse, no participation in another counseling program at the same time, and no other addicted family members. More than one session absenteeism and hospital discharge prior to completion of the program were exclusion criteria. In this study, first the control group and then the intervention group entered the study based on non-random sampling procedure. This method was used to prevent the transfer of information in groups. Data collection tools in this study included demographic information form and Miller Hope Scale. This questionnaire was conducted in two stages; pre-test and posttest which was conducted two months later. In the intervention group, eight sessions of the Fordyce Happiness Program were performed every other day. The content of the sessions was prepared based on the Fordyce training program. The Fordyce Happiness Program is a program designed to increase peoplechr('39')s happiness and includes eight cognitive components and six behavioral components. The study was conducted based on six Fordyce behavioral components that included components such as increasing activity, increasing social interaction, strengthening close relationships, fostering social personality, creativity, engaging in meaningful works, and self-worth. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square, and ANCOVA in SPSS 16. The study was statistically significant at P<0.05.

The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test showed normal distribution of data. Therefore, parametric tests were used in this study. The findings showed that most addicts experiencing drug withdrawal were married and mostly used a combination of opium derivatives. The mean hope scores of these addicts before the implementation of the Fordyce happiness program in the intervention and control groups were 139.15 ± 54.06 and 179.22 ± 58.30, respectively, and then changed to 187.25 ± 8.99 and 172.16 ± 45.50. Independent t-test showed that the mean hope scores of addicts both before (P=0.001) and after (P=0.002) Fordyce happiness program were significantly different between the intervention and control groups. In addition, paired t-test showed that the mean scores of hope in the intervention group increased significantly (P=0.001) and decreased significantly in the control group (P=0.005). The results of ANCOVA for controlling the significant effect of pre-test scores and duration of addiction showed that the mean scores of hope among addicts experiencing drug withdrawal were significantly different between the two groups after the intervention (P=0.001).

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of happiness programs on the hope of addicts admitted to Psychiatric Hospital for drug withdrawal. The results of ANCOVA for controlling the significant effect of pre-test scores and duration of addiction showed a statistically significant difference between the mean hope scores of addicts in both groups after the intervention. In fact, the findings showed that implementing the Fordyce Happiness Program can raise the hopes of addicts experiencing drug withdrawal. Therefore, considering that hope has a motivating role in people and is an important factor in maintaining and continuing drug cleansing, happiness programs such as the Fordyce Happiness Program can affect addictschr('39') hopes, which is an important factor in preventing relapse. Therefore, it is suggested that the behavioral component of Fordyce Happiness, which can be easily implemented by nurses, be implemented in drug treatment centers, such as wards and drug treatment camps. Not only can the happiness program be included in the daily routine of addicts experiencing withdrawal, but also, it can be continued after discharge from medical centers. One of the limitations of the present study is the generalization of results to addicts with a history of mental illness. This study was also performed on addicts who were hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital for drug withdrawal. Therefore, generalizing the results to addicts who refer to drug treatment camps to understand addiction should be done with caution.

Family caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders experience a great deal of psychological burden. Various interventions have been performed to reduce the psychological problems and psychological burden of caregivers. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a psychoeducational intervention and quality of life therapy on the psychological burden of family caregivers of patients with severe mental illness.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 150 family caregivers of severely mentally ill patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran, in 2020. Caregivers randomly were allocated in three groups: quality of life therapy intervention (50 people), psycho-education intervention (50 people) and control group (50 people). The quality of life therapy intervention group received 8 sessions and psycho-education group received four sessions training during two weeks each lasting for 90 minutes. The psychological burden of caregivers was assessed before and 4 weeks after the training through using the Zarit burden questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square and ANOVA.

The mean score of psychological burden of caregivers was significantly different between the three groups after the intervention (P = 0.002). Post hoc analysis showed that the mean score of psychological burden of caregivers in quality of life therapy group and psychological education was significantly different from the control group (P = 0.001). Also, the mean score of psychological burden of caregivers in quality of life therapy was significantly less than the score in psychological educational intervention group (P = 0.001).

Quality of life therapy was more effective in reducing the psychological burden of family caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders compared to psychological educational intervention.

 risky driving behaviors are the most effective factors in traffic accidents and have even been reported as the most common cause in many cases of traffic accidents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict risky driving behavior through cognitive flexibility and personality traits.

 The research method was correlational. The research population consists of all male bus drivers of intercity terminals of Tehran. From this population, 210 subjects were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and answered to driving behavior Manchester questionnaire (MDBQ), NEO personality inventory (NEO-FFI) cognitive flexibility Inventory (CFI). Data were analyzed through the Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis.

 The result showed that there was a positive correlation between neuroticism personality trait and risky driving behavior (P< 0.05). There was a negative correlation between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness personality traits, cognitive flexibility, and risky driving behavior (P<0.05). Personality traits and cognitive flexibility could predict cognitive flexibility (P< 0/05).

 There is a relationship between personality traits, cognitive flexibility, and high-risk driving behavior. Therefore, measuring the cognitive flexibility and personality traits of drivers is important to prevent their high-risk driving behavior.

Addiction as a crisis and a chronic long-term disorder can lead to mental health symptoms in the users and their family members, the most common of which are stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a quality of life intervention on the psychological reactions in family caregivers of addicts.

 This study is a clinical trial. The research population included the family caregivers of addicts admitted to Baharan psychiatric hospital in 2018. The sample consisted of 80 subjects who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The caregivers in the intervention group received eight sessions of group counseling based on quality of life therapy and based on specified content, every other day. Eight weeks after the intervention, the data were collected using the DASS-21, and were analyzed by the SPSS software version 21 using paired t test, independent t test, Chi-square and Covariance.

After the quality of life intervention, the mean scores of stress, anxiety and depression in family caregivers in the intervention group (11.50±4.36, 11.05±3.49, 10.57±4.67) were significantly lower than those of in the control group (14.67±4.93, 14.02±4.33, 13.40±4.77) (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in these variables between the two groups before the intervention.

Counseling based on quality of life therapy in this study had a positive and significant effect on reducing the severity of psychological reactions in family caregivers of addicts. Therefore, health care providers are recommended to use this counseling approach along with addiction treatment programs to increase the welfare and psychological well-being of family caregivers.

The quality of patient and nurse care varies. Differences can be influenced by factors such as the type of department, individuals’ beliefs, and rules. Nurses play an important role in providing care in intensive care units. Qualitative studies are very helpful in identifying the challenges and obstacles in the way of care. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify nurses' experiences of nursing care in the intensive care unit.

Materials: 

This was a qualitative research using conventional content analysis. Based on purposed sampling 15 nurses, head nurses and supervisors participant which working in the intensive care unit. Data were collected through individual and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed based on Graneheim and Lundman proposed method.

Three categories and six subcategories were extracted. The "working nature of the ward" with two sub-categories of working conditions and the structure of the ward, the "safe care" with the two subcategories, sustain standards and optimal conditions, and the "unsafe care" included two subcategories of negligence and ignorance.

Data analysis showed that in order to provide optimal care, while paying attention to the nature of the intensive care unit, the role of safe care should also be considered.

Following the self-care behaviors is considered as one of the fundamental factors of treatment in hemodialysis patients. Patients’ perception of support will control their mental tensions and cause them to follow the self-care behaviors, and then it will promote their general health. The main purpose of the current study was “identification of the perceived supports for self-care in hemodialysis patients”.

this study was conducted on the base of content analysis conventional. The study participants were 9 patients, 3 families having hemodialysis patients, and 2 nurses working in dialysis section. We made use of purposive sampling and continued gathering the data till we reached data saturation point. Besides, the data gathering procedure was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Finally, the data was analyzed through content analysis.

The present study’s findings included a main category of perceived support and three subcategories of constructive support, destructive support, and individual’s feeling of the provided support; and all of these conditions indicated nature and dimensions of the role of perceived support in hemodialysis patients’ self-care.

The findings of this study showed that hemodialysis patients can use the support provided during the illness, including constructive support, destructive support, and one's sense of support to enhance self-care behaviors and improve their quality of life. Therefore, nurses, physicians, and families Hemodialysis patients should pay more attention to patient support.

The birth of a premature and sick infant leads to a severe psychological crisis for the parents. The birth of an infant is associated with numerous changes in the family function in terms of lifestyle, leisure, and relations of the family members. When an infant is born in need of medical care, these changes are intensified, and the family members experience increased mental pressure. Premature delivery and admission of the neonate adversely affects the emotional state of the mother, and one of the psychological reactions perceived by these mothers is the onset of depressive symptoms. Depressed mothers are faced with several challenges in the care of an inpatient infant, which are considered a risk factor for the deterioration of their mental health and dysfunction. Despite the advances in the quality care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for infants, the psychological needs of their mothers have received less attention. The mothers of the premature infants admitted to NICUs experience various psychological issues (e.g., depression). These issues along with the physical complications of childbirth cause these women not to pay attention to their physical and mental health. Today, the identification and provision of early interventions to prevent and reduce these issues have become a priority of healthcare services in the world. The present study aimed to assess the effect of Fordyce happiness training on the depression of the mothers of the premature infants admitted to the NICUs of the medical centers in Zahedan, Iran.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the spring and summer of 2019 on 80 mothers of the premature infants admitted to the NICUs of Zahedan. The subjects were selected via convenience sampling and divided into two groups of intervention (n=40) and control (n=40). For sampling, the researcher initially referred to the NICUs and identified the mothers of the admitted premature infants. After explaining the research objectives and obtaining written consent, the mothers who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The mothers of the control group were enrolled first, followed by the mothers of the intervention group in order to prevent the transfer of information in the groups. Prior to the study, the mothers were asked to complete the demographic information form and Beck depression inventory. The mothers of the intervention group received Fordyce happiness training in groups of 4-5 for six sessions every other day (45-60 minutes). Fordyce happiness training is a program designed to increase the happiness of community members, which consists of 14 cognitive and behavioral elements. In the present study, some of the components of Fordyce happiness training that were appropriate for the sample population were presented and discussed based on examples and experiences. One month after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed again. The control group received no other training than the routine educational program of the hospital, as well as the posttest simultaneous with the intervention group. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using statistical tests.

The minimum and maximum age of the mothers in the intervention and control groups was 15 and 31 years and 18 and 35 years, respectively. Most of the deliveries in the intervention group were natural (65%), and in the control group, the mode of delivery was equal in both groups (50%). No significant differences were observed in most of the variables between the groups, while the age of the mothers was significantly different between the groups. The analysis of covariance was used for the confounding effect of age, and the results of the analysis of covariance to adjust the effect of the pretest scores and age variable indicated a significant difference in the mean score of depression in the mothers of the preterm infants admitted to the NICU between the groups after Fordyce happiness training (P=0.0001). Therefore, the implementation of Fordyce happiness training in the intervention group could reduce the mean score of depression in the mothers. The mean score of maternal depression in the intervention group decreased from 23.72±5.81 before the intervention to 11.47±3.17 after the intervention. In the control group, the score increased from 21.82±10.58 before the intervention to 23.90±3.62 after the intervention. However, the results of independent t-test indicated that the mean score of maternal depression before intervention had no significant difference between the study groups (P=0.32), while it was considered significant after the happiness training in both the intervention and control groups (P=0.0001).

According to the results, Fordyce happiness training could reduce depression in the mothers of the premature infants admitted to the NICU. Although the experience of childbirth is pleasant for the mother, giving birth to a premature infant and the admission of the infant could be an unpleasant experience, adversely affecting the emotional state and of the mother and giving rise to depressive symptoms. In order to maintain and promote the mental health of mothers, in addition to the care of the premature infant in medical centers, the health of the mother of the infant should also be considered. Fordyce happiness training could positively influence the reduction of depression in these mothers. Fordyce happiness training is a type of cognitive-behavioral intervention, which is used to reduce depression. This intervention enables the individual to find a more positive mindset in controlling distressing emotions and thoughts, which in turn enhances the cognition of patients by reducing depression. The reduction of depressive symptoms improves the performance of individuals in responsibilities and duties. The mothers who overcome their issues in this regard are able to participate in the care of the neonate during admission. Therefore, this training program could be implemented alongside family-oriented programs in medical centers, and it is essential to consider programs such as Fordyce happiness training to maintain and promote maternal mental health.

Substance use as a crisis and a long-term chronic disorder can lead to psychological burden and reduce the quality of life of family caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the quality of life therapy intervention on the burden of the family caregivers of addicts.

This is a clinical trial. The research population included all the family caregivers of the recovering addicts, admitted to Baharan psychiatric hospital in Zahedan in 2018. The samples were 80 people who were randomly divided into either intervention or control group. Caregivers in the intervention group received eight sessions of group counseling based on the quality of life therapy and on the basis of the determined content, every other day. Before the intervention and eight weeks after the intervention, the data were collected using the Zarit burden questionnaire and were analyzed by statistical tests through the SPSS software version 21.

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the mean score of burden between the two groups (P=0.25). After the intervention, the mean score of family caregiver burden in the intervention group (40.10±12.92) was significantly lower than in the control group (46.80±13.58) (P<0.01).

The quality of life therapy intervention in this study had a positive and significant effect on reducing the burden of family caregivers of addicts. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare providers use this counseling approach along with addiction treatment programs to improve the psychological well-being of family caregivers.
Clinical trial registry: IRCT20160924029954N11

The aging process is associated with physical, psychological, and social changes, causing the elderly to lose happiness. Since reduced happiness is a consequence of old age, the present study aimed to assess the effect of reminiscence on the happiness of the retired elderly.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the winter of 2018 on 90 retired men aged more than 60 years, who were selected via convenience sampling and randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. Reminiscence was performed for six sessions twice per week on the intervention group at the Military Board of the Retired Members in Zahedan, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Oxford happiness questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 21 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean score of happiness in the elderly in the intervention group increased from 48.82±3.51 before the intervention to 56.51±6.14 after the intervention. In the control group, the score changed from 47.66±6.99 before the intervention to 49.68±7.96 after the intervention. Therefore, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of happiness after the intervention between the intervention and control groups (P=0.001).

According to the results, group reminiscence could promote happiness in the elderly. Considering that reminiscence is an appealing, simple, and inexpensive intervention, it could be used to reduce anxiety in the elderly and foster a joyful atmosphere in geriatric healthcare centers.

Heart failure is a chronic and costly disease.  A Healthy lifestyle is effective in prevention and health literacy is also needed to improve the self-care of these hospitalized heart failure patients. This descriptive cross-sectional study of correlation type was carried out on 180 heart failure patients hospitalized in Zahedan hospitals in 2018. Samples were selected using convenient sampling method. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing three parts of demographic information, health literacy, and self-care. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software and statistical tests including independent T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean score of the health literacy level was 22.7 (out of 43) with a standard deviation of 6.6. Based on the results, 40% of patients had inadequate health literacy level, 45% had a moderate level of health literacy and 15% had adequate and desirable health literacy level. The mean self-care score was 44.7 and the standard deviation was 1.9 (out of 80) which was higher than the average. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a direct and significant relationship between health literacy and self-care (r = 0.48, p = 0.021); with increasing health literacy, self-care also improved. The findings of this study showed that in patients with heart failure, self-care level increases with increasing health literacy. Therefore, educational interventions in this field are recommended to improve the health literacy of these patients. Paper Type: Research Article