mohammadali firoozi

Increasing urbanization has brought various consequences for cities, which has become the basis for many social and economic difficulties and damages. Therefore, due to these harmful consequences, for years, policy makers and managers at the macro level and in the city scale; They seek to find healing strategies. In this regard, among the most important strategies based on the impressive capabilities of information and communication technology, in order to create a productive and effective city; and it has been proposed to solve the problems of cities in the world; It is a "smart city"; And in this framework, they have tried to build a platform, including in building the institutional capacity of such cities The main goal of the present research is to identify the basic components affecting the institutional capacity in order to realize a smart city; and evaluating the current situation of Ahvaz metropolis from the perspective of these components. This research is question-oriented, which was carried out by following an exploratory method in answering the research questions. The statistical population of the study was experts working in offices and companies of Ahvaz city whose organization was involved in the process of smartening this city; Or will be. The statistical sample of the research was 380 people, and the samples were selected by snowball and supervised network sampling. Since the exact number of the statistical population was not known, the KMO test, sampling adequacy and Rasko's rules were confirmed. The research tool was a five-point Likert electronic questionnaire, whose items were designed based on 29 components extracted from 114 scientific documents and valid research.The extracted data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and one-sample t-test and Friedman statistical tests.Based on the research results, respectively, the components of superior institutions, the use of information and communication technology in improving environmental quality, smart governance, the use of information and communication technology in economics and business, the power of organizational actors; And institutional readiness is in poor condition. In the meantime, the government and the oil institutions are of strategic importance.

The global economy is witnessing an increase in the level of competition between companies and countries and consequently cities. Therefore, the future of countries and cities is directly dependent on the degree of their competitiveness in economic indicators, especially competitiveness. In this regard, in today's competitive world where cities are trying to outdo each other in various fields, urban tourism, branding and marketing for tourism purposes has also become an arena for cities to compete. The brand of a city in tourism is the winning edge of a city in economic and social competition and a strategic tool to increase the competitiveness, credibility, power and influence of cities. Therefore, in society today, creating and maintaining an urban brand and in this context, positive imagery and reputation promotion along with emotional attraction to travel to the desired city, is one of the basic points considered by city managers and is a topic in which success It can bring prosperity, prosperity and prosperity to the inhabitants while keeping the cities alive. Therefore, it is in this context that The variables of fame and emotional attraction of traveling to a place and proportional promotion of the position of these two variables are among the most important factors in effective branding and creating an attractive image of the destination for the purpose of tourism development and attracting tourists and consequently gaining capital. according to this, The present article examines the relationship between fame and emotional appeal of traveling to the metropolis of Ahvaz and also determines the position of this city in corresponding of these two variables in comparison with other metropolises of the country.

This research is in the field of behavioral geography. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. In doing so, statistical analysis of Kendall Tao and Spearman correlation and location reputation matrix and SPSS and Excel software have been used. While the, to confirm the use of the two non-parametric tests mentioned above and to measure the significance of the variables in this framework, the Kalmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was used. The data collection tool was a researcher-made electronic questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale, the validity of which was confirmed by professors and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 79%. The statistical population of the study consists of people who have never traveled to the metropolis of Ahvaz; In this regard, by combining cluster snowball sampling methods and supervised network, 627 questionnaires were received.

Based on the research findings, finally, this study identified the position of place reputation in relation to emotional attraction in four main groups; And provided solutions in accordance with the position obtained. According to the research findings, there is a positive relationship between the fame of Ahvaz metropolis and the emotional attraction of traveling to this city, and the current situation of this city is in a quarter of losers and is not appropriate. The order of extreme heat, dust, destruction and war, deprivation, sewage and bad smell, urban chaos and traffic, lack of infrastructure, lack of security, cultural problems and ethnicity and dirty city are the most important imagine that have caused this situation in the city. This situation and such imagins, which are deeply rooted in the facts, have been the result of policies and, in other words, the dominant view in the body of the metropolis of Ahvaz from management at all levels to the citizens of this city; Also, on a macro-scale national scale we must overcome the Dominance of the centralist view, the success of the central and peripheral landscape, the historical emphasis on the oil-based mono-product economy, and the mere exploitative view of oil-rich provinces, Lack of environmental priority and sustainable development, Lack of a grand brand strategy national, regional and so on.

In the context of the principles of behavioral geography related to branding, the destination image can be considered as a set of knowledge, feelings, ideas, expectations and feelings that people have about a place. The destination image is a multidimensional structure that has three basic cognitive, emotional, and motivational dimensions. The cognitive dimension includes a person's knowledge and beliefs about the physical characteristics of the destination. The emotional dimension involves evaluating the quality of one's emotions in relation to physical characteristics and the environment. The motivational dimension is considered corresponding to the behavior and originates from the cognitive and emotional dimensions. Based on the above analysis, by promoting the environment within the framework of a branding macro strategy, and alongside and thereby, increasing cognition; And at a higher level, believing people and putting pressure on it, can increase the positive reputation and then, increase the emotional appeal of traveling to this city and ultimately increase the motivation and attract more tourists and thus increase the competitive capacity. And attracted more capital in this metropolis compared to other metropolises in the country; The result will be the attraction of capital and the achievement of sustainable development, according to the majority of urban planning experts. Finally, based on the findings of research, discussion and conclusions, solutions were presented in three areas: scientific domain, metropolitan area and macro area of branding.

Nowadays, with the increasing development of cities and increasing traffic, crowding, pollution, etc., public parking spaces are considered one of the most important infrastructures of the transportation system. The shortage of parking space, especially in the central zone of metropolises, can affect the traffic congestion and the quality of urban life. Therefore, the present research has addressed the condition of its parking spaces by investigating one of the important problems in the central district of ahvaz metropolis. This study is an applied research with a descriptive-analytical approach. It is also a survey research. The research population included 300 people and the sample size (169 people) was selected through the Cochran formula by directly referring to the selected parking lots. Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.833) has been calculated for the reliability of the questionnaire, which indicates the accuracy, reliability, and internal consistency of the results. Seven indicators: area capacity, availability of facilities, access status, security status, beauty status, entrance fee, and cleaning status were selected to evaluate the busy parking lots located in the study area and necessary analysis was done using shannon entropy. The results showed that Karun, Refah, Alireza, and Azadegan parking lots are ranked first second, and last with the final priority coefficients of 0.0574 and 0.0504, respectively.

Nowadays, the intelligent use of technology as an efficient strategy to improve environmental quality, especially in the cities of advanced countries, is on the agenda. In this process, measuring the current situation is considered the first step towards using technology to improve environmental quality. However, the problem is that such a measurement has not been done in the Ahvaz metropolis. Therefore, the aim of the research is to measure the current situation of the Ahvaz metropolis in terms of using technology to improve environmental quality. This research is an applied-developmental problem-oriented study that follows an exploratory approach by using the document library and survey data collection methods. The Kolmograph-Smirnoff, Shapiro-Wilk, TT sample, and Friedman ranking tests were used for analyzing the data. The survey tool was a 5-point Likert questionnaire, whose final content validity and reliability were confirmed by the professors' opinion and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.893, respectively. The statistical community of the research consisted of experts. The sampling method was a two-stage cluster, through which 142 samples of academic experts were selected. Considering that the number of the statistical population is not known, this sample size is sufficient according to Rasko's rules. Based on the findings of the research, following a passive and deterministic attitude, which is under the influence of centralist policies in the framework of the center-periphery system and the political economy based on oil rent, has caused not only the use of technology in this metropolis not be done to improve the quality environmental protection, but it has also created many problems in Ahvaz metropolis, especially environmental problems. In the end, some solutions were suggested based on the research findings.

Due to the many problems caused by urban growth on the one hand; And the dominance of the paradigm of improving the quality of life, as well as the remarkable advances in information and communication technology and its remarkable capabilities, smart cities today are considered as an effective strategy to solve the problems and challenges of rapid urbanization.The city of Ahvaz has also experienced rapid urbanization in recent years; It faces many problems. But the problem is, this metropolis is not smart now, and it is just the beginning; So the question is what is the situation of the components of the realization of the smart city in the current situation of Ahvaz? Therefore, this study seeks to assess the status of key components of smart city realization and ranking of these components in the metropolis of Ahvaz. This article is considered among applied-developmental researches. It is question-oriented and has been done in a document-library and survey form;, which has been used in assessing the status of components, executive experts working in institutions and organizations in Ahvaz involved in the process of smartening the city. The data collection tool is a researcher-made electronic questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale; In order to analyze the data, statistical tests of mean, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking were used using SPSS software. The statistical sample of this study is 380 samples that were selected by snowball sampling and supervised network. Based on the research findings, the situation of the key components of the realization of a smart city in the metropolis of Ahvaz, with the exception of smart people, was assessed as unfavorable. At the same time, the smart environment and then smart governance are in the lowest state

The present study aims to assess of physical resilience, environmental and hazards indicators in the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr. The research tool was a researcher - made questionnaire that based on the results of Cronbach's alpha method with minimum reliability coefficient (0.7), approved for each dimension of urban resilience. The statistical population of the present study included academic experts, experts and institutional - organizational managers that based on the method Purposive and chain - referral sampling, a total of (106) people who had sufficient knowledge and experience in the field of urban resilience and knowledge of the study area were selected and they were questioned. In order to analyze the data, SPSS statistical analysis software was used. The innovation of the present study is in presenting and measuring the harmonious indicators of urban resilience based on physical, environmental and hazard dimensions in the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr. Based on the calculated values for each of the dimensions of urban resilience (environmental, physical - infrastructure and hazards resilience), the results of the study indicate the unstable and unsuitable resilience situation of Abadan and Khorramshahr cities and there is a significant difference between existing resilience and optimal resilience.

Today, moving towards smart cities is not only a reality, but a necessity in order to solve the current problems of urbanization, including in the city of Ahvaz, which is full of problems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the realization of the smart city from the perspective of the macro components of such cities. This article is considered among applied-developmental researches. It is question-oriented and it has been done in a document-library and survey form; in an exploratory way using the exploratory factor analysis method, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests; And a sample t-tech test and Friedman's rating test have been done in response to the research questions. In order to collect descriptive data, library and documentary studies were used, and survey method and questionnaire tool were used to collect analytical data. The statistical community of the research included academic experts. The sampling method was a two-stage cluster. ; Finally, 142 samples were selected. The final content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of the professors, after some corrections, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.878 for the entire questionnaire showed the desirability and acceptability of the reliability of the questionnaire. For the quantitative content validity of the questionnaires, 10 experts, familiar with Ahvaz metropolis, and the relative coefficient of content validity (CVR) method were used. Kendall's W test (Kendall's correlation coefficient) was used to measure the credibility of the questionnaires and how reliable it is. Based on the findings of the research, the situation of the metropolis of Ahvaz is not suitable in terms of the macro components of the formation of smart cities in the current situation.

A B S T R A C T The desire to travel and experience the unique and true taste of local food has become one of the greatest paradigms of the tourism industry. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to investigate and analyze the factors affecting the development of food tourism in Anousheh Street, Ahvaz. This research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of nature and method. Statistical data of the research have also been extracted from library and field methods (questionnaire). Data collection in this study was done by the researcher directly referring to the respondents and presenting a questionnaire to them. In relation to the objectives, the statistical population of the present study consists of tourists referring to Anousheh Street in Ahvaz in 2020; whose number was approximately 240 thousand people (Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Khuzestan Province, 1399). According to the statistical population in this study, the sample size, which was calculated using the Cochran's formula, 382 samples were identified. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression, path analysis and Friedman test were used to analyze the data. Findings based on Pearson coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between environmental-physical factors, advertising-marketing factors, personality factors, attitudes and motivational factors and cultural factors with the development of food tourism in this street. Also, the findings of multiple regression analysis showed that approximately 44% of the variance of food tourism development is explained by environmental-physical and cultural factors. Also, according to beta values, cultural factors (Beta = 0.43) and environmental-physical factors (Beta = 0.21) are the strongest variables to predict the development of food tourism on Anousheh Street in Ahvaz, respectively. Findings from the path analysis test showed that the independent variables of the study to a high extent can explain the variance of the food tourism development variable And is estimated to be above average. Finally, the findings of Friedman test showed that there is a significant difference between at least two independent variables in terms of the impact on the development of food tourism on Anousheh Street; The highest impact is related to cultural factors and the lowest impact is related to personality factors.Extended AbstractIntroductionThe tourism industry in any country is very important in the dynamism and mobility of the country's economy and what will be necessary and inevitable for every tourist during the trip is to eat in the host country or city. Food is not only a basic human need, but also associated with culture and has a special place in the tourism industry. The desire to travel and experience the unique and true taste of local food has become one of the greatest paradigms of the tourism industry. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to investigate and analyze the factors affecting the development of food tourism in Anousheh Street, Ahvaz. MethodologyThis research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of nature and method. Statistical data of the research have also been extracted from library and field methods (questionnaire). Data collection in this study was done by the researcher directly referring to the respondents and presenting a questionnaire to them. In relation to the objectives, the statistical population of the present study consists of tourists referring to Anousheh Street in Ahvaz in 2020; whose number was approximately 240 thousand people (Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Khuzestan Province, 1399). According to the statistical population in this study, the sample size, which was calculated using the Cochran's formula, 382 samples were identified. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression, path analysis and Friedman test were used to analyze the data. Results and discussionFindings based on Pearson coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between environmental-physical factors, advertising-marketing factors, personality factors, attitudes and motivational factors and cultural factors with the development of food tourism in this street. Also, the findings of multiple regression analysis showed that approximately 44% of the variance of food tourism development is explained by environmental-physical and cultural factors. Also, according to beta values, cultural factors (Beta = 0.43) and environmental-physical factors (Beta = 0.21) are the strongest variables to predict the development of food tourism on Anousheh Street in Ahvaz, respectively. Findings from the path analysis test showed that the independent variables of the study to a high extent can explain the variance of the food tourism development variable And is estimated to be above average. Finally, the findings of Friedman test showed that there is a significant difference between at least two independent variables in terms of the impact on the development of food tourism on Anousheh Street; The highest impact is related to cultural factors and the lowest impact is related to personality factors. ConclusionThe results indicate that among the factors affecting tourism development, cultural factors, attitudinal and motivational factors, advertising-marketing factors, environmental-physical factors, personality factors have had the most impact on food tourism development in Ahvaz, respectively. Also regarding the importance and ranking of variables affecting the development of food tourism, the research results are as follows:Cultural factors: hospitality (amiability) and appropriate behavior (rank 1); Nightlife (Rank 2); Food authenticity and cultural heritage of food (food differentiation with other regions) (rank 3); Observance of ethical issues (rank 4); General culture of the region (rank 5); Local traditions (rank 6); Feeling safe and secure (ranked 7); Cultural attractions of the region (ranked 8).Attitudinal and motivational factors: smell, taste and appearance of food (rank 1); Being together (rank 2); Observance of hygienic principles (rank 3); Escape from everyday life (ranked 4th); Interesting experience (rank 5); Genuine experience (rank 6); Social status (rank 7); Acquisition of knowledge (rank 8).Advertising factors - marketing: the quality of local food and creating diversity (ranked 1); Facilities and orders for production and supply of local and traditional food (rank 2); Local and traditional food brand (ranked 3); Information and Communication Technology, Banners and Billboards (Rank 4); Food Festivals and Festivals (Rank 5); Food tours for cooking training (rank 6); Food Tourism Guide (Rank 7).Environmental-physical factors: proximity to dormitories and the presence of people from different cities (rank 1), proximity to Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz (rank 2); Quick and convenient access (rank 3); Proper scenery (unique place design) (Rank 4); Environmental health (rank 5).Personality factors: curiosity (rank 1); Variety and experience of eating new foods (ranked 2nd); Pleasant perception (gaining peace of mind) (rank 3); Neophobia (trying to overcome the fear of experiencing new foods) (Rank 4). FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The existence of a diverse range of hazards and crisis centers around the border cities represents the use of different planning approaches to resilience and reduce the damage caused by crises (both natural and abnormal) in these cities. Border cities are one of the most sensitive areas that can be vulnerable to the dangers if they are not prepared to deal with and are not properly equipped. In border cities, due to the special strategic and border position, special socio-cultural topography, special economic-political conditions, vulnerabilities and threats, special conditions in terms of risk prevail; Considering the strategic position of these areas and considering the conceptual territory, content in this research, the most important issues in the study of the border cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr in geo-strategic, geo-economics, geo-culture, physical and institutional dimensions are: border geostrategic position, heterogeneous socio-cultural structure, specific geographical and environmental conditions, environmental pollutants (dust and natural resources pollution), history of endangerment and political, ethnic and religious tensions in border cities and special economic, physical and social conditions resulting from the occurrence of the imposed war. According to the proposed cases, the scope of the present study, specifically the border cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr as the largest border cities of Khuzestan province, with an active economic field on a regional and national scale, studies the specific social and cultural context, the border-water location and the experience of the imposed war. What is needed is a revision of traditional planning approaches to urban hazards management and the use of new tools in planning (compilation of resilience scenarios). In this study, foresight and hazards management based on urban resilience scenarios are considered. 

The present study is "applied-theoretical" in terms of purpose, and based on the nature and method, it is "descriptive-analytical". Research Methods according to the purpose of the research, is a combination of quantitative-survey and qualitative methods. Data collection tools and information in this research have been done by studying library-documentary sources, field surveys (survey, obtaining expert opinions) and referring to relevant organizations. The statistical population of the present study is academic experts, experts and institutional-organizational managers who have sufficient knowledge and experience in the field of urban resilience and the field of study. These experts were selected and questioned based on the method of "purposive sampling (expert samples) and chain-referral ". For structural analysis of urban resilience drives based on the ability of experts to respond and the complexity of methods, steps and conditions of Delphi technique, a total of (45) academic experts, managers and institutional-organizational experts were selected as the sample. The indicators and drivers of this research are the selected dimensions of urban resilience, including social, economic, physical-infrastructural, ecological and hazards dimensions. In this regard, urban resilience drivers were identified according to the opinion of experts and expert opinions (Delphi technique) and then, these factors were prioritized based on the degree of importance and uncertainty, and the most key factors were identified using the cross-impact balance analysis method and "micmac" software. For scenario writing and questionnaire analysis, cross-impact balance method and "ScenarioWizard" software were used that finally with the opinion of experts, favorable and compatible scenarios of resilience of the studied border cities were developed.

In line with the main purpose of the present study, to extract the key drivers of resilience, the cross-impact analysis method was used to identify the impact of these drivers. According to analysis performed, among the 46 factors examined (by analyzing the direct and indirect effects and calculating the displacement coefficient of each of the variables in different conditions), (18) agents were extracted and selected as key drivers of resilience in the border cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr. For the sake of scenario compilation, based on (18) selected key drivers and effective on urban resilience, possible situations of urban resilience were formulated. In order to formulate possible situations through surveys and interviews with experts, a scenario basket was prepared for (18) key factors; based on the analysis and possible situations facing the resilience of the studied cities, a total of (54) different situations were plotted for (18) key drivers influencing resilience. Considering the size of the matrix and its dimensions with size (54 × 54), with the help of scenario software and based on the questionnaire data, combined scenarios that included all possible situations were analyzed, the output of which was "521 possible scenarios", "14 high compatibility scenarios" and "3 strong scenarios". Accordingly, three scenarios with very high scores were identified as strong (probable) scenarios in the resilience of the studied cities that among them, one scenario shows favorable conditions and the other two scenarios show critical conditions. It was also detected for believable scenarios (with high compatibility) (14 scenarios). Also (521) weak (possible) scenarios were identified that due to the large number of them, addressing this number of scenarios is not the purpose of this study.

Findings related to the analysis of urban resilience scenarios showed that most of the scenarios are in static situations (continuation of the existing trend in resilience of Abadan and Khorramshahr border cities) and critical. Out of the total number of possible scenarios, three scenarios were identified as "strong resilience scenarios" based on the total value of the adjustment value and the total impact score index. Among the strong scenarios, one scenario has favorable situations and the other two scenarios represent critical situations. In this regard, considering the prevailing situation of Abadan and Khorramshahr urban resilience drives, the best scenario is to select the first scenario drives, otherwise, the conditions governing the second and third scenarios and the continuation of the status quo will be the scenarios governing urban resilience drives. In general, it can be said that urban resilience based on scenario writing is a systematic and future-oriented approach to managing the existing and upcoming risks and challenge by creating integration and effective interaction between the dimensions of resilience, key drivers, considering resilience priorities and taking steps based on the presentation of strategies for turning unfavorable situations into favorable, on a local scale, regional and cross-border in the border cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr can be presented.

Due to the globalization of the economy and the fluidity of capital, the competitiveness of metropolises is one of the most important vital strategies. In this regard, branding based on the environmental capabilities, including the optimal use of the geographical foundation of urban rivers, for example, the cities of London and Paris, are among the fundamental strategies to achieve this importance. But the problem of this research was that Ahvaz metropolis has not been able to use Karun River as an influential brand to attract customers, tourists, investors, global companies and to obtain target markets - according to its capabilities, which logically the roots should be considered to investigate the subject. Therefore, the present study followed an exploratory approach and used a descriptive-analytical method based on library and documentary studies. Also, the qualitative method of data theory (grounded theory) and content analysis has been used. The research tool was MAXQDA software. According to the findings, which were done in combination with presenting some suggestions, the background and intervention conditions were not suitable. Therefore, to achieve the Karun River as an influential brand of Ahvaz metropolis and its benefits, there is a need for four strategies, including necessary and immediate measures, urban planning and architecture measures, social and cultural measures, and measures specific to the Karun waterway

According to the complex and dynamic nature of the city, there were always criticisms of comprehensive urban plans in terms of theory and content. Therefore, strategic plans were considered as an alternative model of the mentioned plans, but in implementation and practice, they faced obstacles. In this regard, the present study examines the obstacles of strategic plans in Iran with emphasis on the attitude-knowledge perspective. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information and data is survey-library. Non-probability-available sampling method was chosen. The number of samples includes 30 professors and researchers specializing in this field. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and inferential statistics (Friedman test) were used to rank the identified barriers. The results showed that the most important barriers in the attitudinal factor are fear of change, unpreparedness for change, and loss of status. And one of the most important obstacles in the knowledge factor was the gap between science and knowledge, inadequate explanation to employees about knowledge, and the need for training. Also, the test results showed that attitude-knowledge barriers, in order to change the comprehensive approach to strategic, show a negative and unfavorable situation. According to the results of Friedman test, the attitude-knowledge factor has a more key role in changing the approach to strategy among other factors.

The urban planning and management approach in the green city, as an essential and comprehensive part of urban strategies based on ecological management, seeks ecological sustainability and consequently urban sustainability by adapting environmental indicators. In recent decades, the metropolis of Tehran, due to its centrality and consequently the increase in population, has caused the community to enter the ecological area of nature, and especially urban rivers, the natural space of rivers has undergone extensive artificial changes. One of the priorities for the development of blue green space is the rehabilitation and reorganization of urban rivers, which is developing rapidly in the world. This issue has been considered in urban rivers of Iran, including Tehran, during the last two decades. In this article, in particular, the spatial development of Kan River, which is one of the natural and recreational spaces of Tehran, with the approach of revitalization and development of urban rivers and blue green space development options, is presented with a multi-criteria decision support system (MCDM). And the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been investigated. In accordance with the natural conditions of the river and the existing artificial spaces affected by urban development, considering the six criteria and the options presented in this research, the criterion of "increasing the visual blue green area of urban rivers" is more important and In addition, among the options offered, the option "Dynamic River Landscapes" was selected as the best option for the development of blue green space.

In this way, the present study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting emergency accommodation management using descriptive-analytical method and using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the residents of Ilam city and all experts in crisis management and familiar with the areas of Ilam city was selected by simple random sampling method and using Cochran formula, 322 people were selected. The study of the main components of emergency management in the city of Ilam shows that all of these components are at a low level. The results of the Topsis technique show that, trained human resources, storage of equipment for the accommodation, use of live sensors, Validity of relief programs, existence of the crisis committee, communication infrastructure, and Finally Recognizing parks, the most impact has been on the efficiency of urban crisis management and Emergency accommodation. In the study of the relationship between urban population density and emergency sites in Ilam city with qiquor quantity is equal to 𝑥2=71.5 with a significant level (Sig= 0.000) which indicates that between urban population density and emergency sites With confidence level of 99%, there is a meaningful relationship. Also, Coefficient of correlation fi (0.761) and Coefficient of agreement Fi(0.649) and their significant level (sig = 0.000) indicate a positive and relatively high correlation between the two variables.

The present study is an applied-theoretical and methodological-descriptive-analytic one. The results showed that based on Pearson's analysis; there is a significant and direct significant relationship between the independent variables of the research and the dependent variable. The results of Friedman test indicate that the variable of weak tendency and low participation of private sector for investment with average rating of 55.4 has the highest score and the planning and management variable with average rating of 18.3 has the lowest rating. The results of the pls structural equation model are positive with respect to the share index and the redundancy index and a value of 0.01, 36.0 25.0 which is presented as the mean, moderate and low values for god, and obtain a value of 0.50 for the appropriate model gof. Confirms and indicates the impact of independent variables on the dependent variable of research.

Solid waste management is one of the environmental problems and issues which large Iranian cities are faced with. The main purpose of this study is to find an optimal location for burying solid waste materials in Khorramshahr following the locating and modeling approach. The present study is of the type of applied research in terms of purpose and of the type of descriptive-analytic research in terms of methodology. Through a thorough study of the literature on the theoretical foundations of research, 12 features were extracted to conduct this study. Given the susceptibility and impact model in the process of locating the best place for waste burial, the mixed Anp-Demantel technique was used for modeling within the framework of the causal display of indices, weight measurement, and its priority. The appropriate frontage and layering of waste was determined based on available standards. Moreover, the ArcGIS software was used to determine the proper spatial distribution of waste in the landfill. The thematic findings of this study indicate that the sub-criterion of population centers with an impact factor of 0.108 was the most effective index, but in terms of susceptibility in macro indices, tectonic standard ( with a weight of 0.326) and accessibility ( with a weight of 0.103), it ranked first. Regarding the spatial findings, it was concluded that from the 1,805,947 km2 area of Khorramshahr, 647823 km2 or 35.87% of its area enjoyed a completely appropriate situation. Given the findings of the studies, the authors have provided some suggestions at three distinct levels. At the first level, considering the cost of distance from population centers, appropriate faults, recharge wells, and bedrocks are suggested. At the second level, given the factor of access to a proper connecting network and a slope of less than 5%, the appropriate level is suggested. At the third level, which deals with less dangerous places for the burial of solid waste, it has been suggested to take the principles of distance from city centers, village, and surface waters into consideration, which is of course neither very effective nor cost-friendly.

The present research aims to explain how and why the application of the genealogy approach has been developed to analyze the evolution of the role of cities over time. Various approaches have been suggested by economic and urban geographic theorists to analyze the "the role of city" developments. From Foucault's genealogy perspective, city and its role are influenced by the power and power relations in space and the space is created by the interaction of knowledge and power. Genealogy of the role of city aims to answer the following questions: what are the current dominant roles of city, regardless of the initial formation of city and its geographical and political background? How did these roles develop over time and what discourses have been made of? And finally, what is the power and capacity of city to diversify the new roles? The dominant role of city has developed in various historical time periods, and in the middle of historical discontinuities, as a result of spatial links between micro and macro components of power and knowledge in urban space. The interconnected network of knowledge-power in city, influenced by the political philosophies governing the historical periods, creates different discourse zones over time that have different social and physical effects on urban space, and affects the process of urban development, physical changes, human and environmental resources.Cities have unique cultural and architectural features, quality, comprehensive social and power resources, as well as many opportunities for economic development. They are the centers of knowledge and the resources of growth and innovation. However, they also host a population that suffers from problems and inequalities and social deprivation (a particular social group), high housing prices and environmental problems .The urban space is a social outcome, the result of an historical process, an unequal accumulation of time. The space is also a presupposition and a milieu of social production. From this perspective urban spatiality – cities – represent the crystallization of earlier patterns and also the possibilities towards future events that were brought up previously. The spatial configuration and the territory, are the key to read the past, learn the present and to envisage the future. The interest of geographers in relations between knowledge, power, and space has a long tradition but it was reinvigorated by critical engagements with Foucault and GramsciCenters can function as truth spots, and sites of knowledge generation, information control, and power execution. where there is no evidence, field techniques such as interviews and historical memory of individuals are also used. Methods of data analysis in this type of research are;• Historical analysis: the study of the history of the development of discourses about the role of city, the historical discontinuities in the formulation of macro and micro discourses formed in discourse zones• Genealogical analysis: the past and present roles of the city, through the study of discourse zones, historical discontinuities, and the analysis of the effects of the dominant discourses on urban space and power-knowledge relations forming the role of city are analyzed• Content analysis: the analysis of national, regional and local (city) development documents as well as related scientific research.The genealogy of cities and their role and function is a very good way to explore the spatial reflection of social relations and discover their historical (time) roots. It has higher ability to search, discover, and describe considering the conditions and in comparison with other methodologies such as hermeneutics and relativism. Since historical descent analysis of city and its role requires contemplation and selection of an approach that can identify the historical descent shaping the role of city and its evolution over time by avoiding mere historicism and taking into account all the factors creating the complex spatial relations based on power and knowledge, it can be selected as a turning point of the research on the recognition of past, present and future role and function of cities.The genealogy of the role of city attempts to understand and analyze the power relations and forms of knowledge in the city, in order to understand how the city and its role has been shaped throughout the history. The genealogy of the role of city seeks to identify the historical descent of the subject which is itself the cornerstone of the birth of modern human being that has converted human into subject and object at the junction of power and knowledgeThe description and analysis of how the current dominant roles of city have been developed can be conducted by the use of power -dependent tools and products of knowledge. The study of macro-evidence of development at national, regional and local levels, historical documents, scientific research projects, plans, policies, and development strategies of geographic areas (city) provide an opportunity for identifying power / knowledge discourses in city. Then, the genealogist can suggest supplementary roles for city by identifying infrastructural potentials and characteristics of city (natural, cultural, physical, political, etc.) with the aim of improving the quality of life for the residential and mobile population (tourists), and economic, social and cultural dynamism and diversification of urban functions, in line with city sustainability. The diversification of the role of city aims at enhancing the cultural and economic status of city at the national, regional and international levels and to promote the urban quality of life. The problem many cities currently face is that they are becoming immersed in the structures of power based on particular ideologies, leading ultimately to the complexity of the defined social and political space, and the single product economy, which gradually and definitely creates unsustainable and uncertain economic conditions for the cities; this uncertainty has a significant impact on the strategic responses of the elements of power (the owners of financial and economic resources) and, consequently, the social space of the cities will be affected.

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the realization of knowledge-based urban governance in Tabriz metropolis which pursue with two sub-goals including: the recognition of the main factors of the knowledge-based urban governance approach and the effect of each factor on the realization of this approach. In this regard, the methodology of the study is "descriptive - analytic". For collecting data a survey method was used as a questionnaire tool. Our sample is experts in urban affair fields from Tabriz universities and municipality. To analyze the data in accordance with the research objectives, the statistical tests of exploratory factor analysis and linear and logarithmic regression were used in AMOS and SPSS software. According to the result of analysis, based on factor analysis of 25 variables, 5 factors including: Knowledge-based empowerment with a 16.25 variance percent, knowledge-based transparency with a 13.91 variance percent, knowledge-based creativity with a 12.29 variance percent, knowledge-based learning with a 13.55 variance percent and knowledge-based innovation with a 14.9 variance percent and total aggregate variance of 0.71 was identified as the main indicators of knowledge-based urban governance in Tabriz metropolis. On the other hand, using linear and logarithmic regression, it was determined that “knowledge-based learning” and “knowledge-based transparency ": by obtaining the highest degree of multiple correlation and acceptable level of significance, could have the greatest impact on achieving knowledge-based urban governance in Tabriz metropolis.by obtaining the highest degree of multiple correlation and acceptable level of significance, could have the greatest impact on achieving knowledge-based urban governance in Tabriz metropolis.

Abstract the present study will be an applied descriptive-analytical one with the purpose of determining the extent of border impact on security of urban areas of Abadan. The technique used in this study is surveying. The technique used in this study is surveying. Random sampling was used to calculate the sample size and thus the sample size was 383 people. In data analysis, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used.. The results show the positive impact of the boundary on all the indicators considered and environmental safety is higher than other dimensions. The results show that the border has a positive effect on all research indicators and the dimension of economic security and livelihood security is at a higher level than other dimensions. According to the value of p <0.000, there is a significant relationship between the role of border and security of border areas. Also, there is a direct and strong relationship between employment and economic development with a significant level (P <0.000). Evaluation and ranking of the most important security barriers and threats in the study area showed; Environmental threats, smuggling, with beta (beta = 0.565), beta = 0.57, respectively, have the greatest impact on the border security variable. The variables of trust in border residents and ethnic and religious minorities with beta = 0.227, 0.231, respectively, showed the least effect on border insecurity in the study area.

Urban prosperity is a concept related to balanced development and harmonized in the environment is committed to justice and embodies human activity as a kind of social construction. Nowadays a different view of the future has caused man not to seek the future, but to build his desired future by using various tools. On the other hand, the challenge of new urban life, environmental and social problems lead to future research approach in urban planning and using various devices to build a favorable future. The present study uses the technique of cross-impact analysis, which is one of the common methods in futurism by using MicMac software, which it has analyzed the components of urban prosperity in Ahvaz metropolis. In the following using the Delphi method which 30 components in five areas such as (productivity, infrastructure, quality of life, equality and social participation, and environmental sustainability) extracted as indicators of urban prosperity. The results indicate that there are five categories in the scattering pages like (influencing factors, bilateral factors, regulatory factors, influential factors and independent factors) are identifiable. Finally among the 30 mentioned factors after examining the effectiveness of these factors on each other and on the future situation of the metropolis of Ahvaz by direct and indirect methods, 7 key factors in (literacy rate, slum families, air pollution, unemployment rate, cultural centers, life expectancy at birth and poverty rates) have been selected to play the crucial role in the future situation of urban prosperity in Ahvaz. The results show that none of the components of urban prosperity in Ahvaz can be defined by experts as a target factor. This issue indicates the multifaceted issue of prosperity of Ahvaz metropolis.

According to many problems in contemporary cities, the emphasis is on new approaches and approaches to urban development and the creation of a favorable link between the urban environment and social life through the enhancement of the components of urban livability. The aim of the study was to identify the effective components of behavioral and functional good urban governance on promoting urban livability in the Ahvaz metropolitan area.

This study is a descriptive-analytical type. The statistical population of the study consisted of Ahvaz metropolitan citizens (1302591 persons) and academic professors and elites. The sample size of the citizens was 383 based on the Cochran model and the sample size of academic professors and elites was 100 people based on the Delphi method. The t-test in SPSS 23 software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) were used for data analysis.

The most desirable indicators of urban livability were recreation, leisure and public transport and the lowest desirable indicators were employment, income, environmental sustainability, and personal and social security. Also, among the components of behavioral and functional good urban governance, the highest impact on the promotion of the urban livability related to justice, transparency and responsibility were 0.753, 0.704 and 0.632, respectively. The Goodness of Fit (GOF) of models was found to be 0.513 which indicates the overall utility of the model.

The results show that Ahvaz metropolis is in poor condition in terms of components of good governance and urban livability. Keywords: Behavioral and Functional Components, Good Urban Governance, Livability, Ahvaz Metropolis.

As the Second Five-Year Development Plan of Ahvaz metropolis (2018-2022) in the transportation and traffic sector puts out, one of the most important strategies for the transportation development in Ahvaz metropolis is to identify barriers to transportation development in its various dimensions. One of the dimensions is the barriers to making transport smart. This issue makes the necessity of doing the present study more significant. The present study aimed to investigate and analyze barriers to make intra-urban transport in Ahvaz. The present research is applied-theoretical in terms of objectives, and descriptive-analytical and survey in terms of method. For data collection, two methods of library and field studies (questionnaire and interview) techniques were employed. The data analysis method was quantitative and the DEMATEL and ANP multi-criteria decision-making techniques were used. The results show that a total of 65 factors were extracted as barriers to make transport system smart. These barriers are divided into management barriers with 21 sub-criteria, economic barriers with 11 barriers with 11 sub-criteria, socio-cultural barriers with 23 sub-criteria, and physical barriers with 10 sub-criteria, among which managers’ weakness of technical knowledge, lack of credit, population growth in Ahvaz, and lack of smart facilities are the most important barriers as sub-criteria of management, economic, socio-cultural and physical factors.

Apart from infrastructure issues such as fleet depletion, fleet shortages, economic issues, socio-cultural barriers, environmental issues, and management weaknesses, psychological barriers are also effective on not using public transport. Understanding the psychological factors of people using public transport can have important implications for transportation policies, its promotion, and relocation management. The present study aimed geographical analysis of psychological barriers to not using public transportation in Ahvaz metropolis. The study employed an applied-theoretical research design and a descriptive-analytical research method. The research data was collected through library studies, surveys, and interviews with people and experts. The ARAS decision making method was employed to rank the barriers. Moreover, the kriging interpolation model was used for zoning these barriers in Ahvaz city and in ARC GIS 10.3 software. The results show that anxiety, barriers to impulse control, cognitive barriers, and personality barriers differ in each mode of public transportation such as taxi, bus, walking, and cycling. Most areas of Ahvaz have high ranges due to anxiety-raising barriers to not using public transport. The overlap of cognitive barriers also confirms that due to the lack of public transport, most areas of Ahvaz are in the low range, in terms of personality barriers are in the medium range, and in terms of impulse control barriers to not using public transport are in the very high range. After overlapping these four psychological dimensions it became clear that the psychological barriers to not using public transport are in the high range.

Security is a social concept and its application in a way makes sense when urban communities are concerned. In the absence of security feeling, no urban space will be visited by citizens and they will not interact with others in it. According to the approach of sociology of security, analyzing security while disregarding social factors cannot be of any help. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the extent of urban security in selected neighborhoods in Ahvaz and to provide solutions to eliminate insecurity in the relevant neighborhoods. The research is of descriptive-analytical type. In the present research, following looking into the relevant theoretical foundations, constituents such as "land use, passages quality, environment comfort, public transport and environment discomfort" came out to be indicators of urban landscape based on assessing public citizens' security feeling. Afterwards, by distributing 10 questionnaires among experts, the required data were collected and following that entropy method was used to assess the security indices. Then, the COPRAS model was used to rank the selected neighborhoods in Ahvaz. The research results indicate that according to the assessment indices, there is a very lively and dynamic neighborhood in Zone 2 of the western part of Ahvaz which enjoys many facilities, while in the central part of Ahvaz, in district 1 and also in the western part of Ahvaz, the neighborhoods of district 6 are in undesirable conditions and have poor urban security and are considered the most deprived neighborhoods as far as security feeling indicators are concerned.

The present study aims to analyze and predict the realization of the knowledge-based urban governance in urban management of Tabriz which has two sub-goals of evaluating the priority of the application of knowledge base urban governance indicators as well as forecasting the realization of urban governance approach through these indicators in Tabriz city management. In order to collect the descriptive data, the document method referring to the valid theoretical reference has been used and the survey method with questionnaire tool has been used for the analytical part. For this purpose, opinions of 50 specialists have been collected and weighted in line with the research explanatory variables through the Delphi method. Multi-criteria Decision Making Model (FTOPSIS) has been utilized in order to reach the planning priorities for the application of knowledge-based urban governance in Tabriz urban management and to predict the realization of knowledge-based urban governance, the Discriminant Analyze model was used. The results show that from experts' point of view the "knowledge creation" index with 0.350 rate is inappropriate and should be noticed as the first priority for improving the situation in the urban management process of Tabriz. Also, the results of the Discriminant analysis model indicate that the "updating and categorizing knowledge" index with a value of 0.025 Lambda wilks and a general prediction of 0.392 can predict the conditions for realizing the knowledge-based urban governance in the Tabriz city management process better than the other indicators.

The present research was conducted with the general objective of site selection of hotels in Ahvaz and with the specific objectives of the proper distribution of hotels in the city and reducing the traffic load caused by unnecessary trips. In this regard, we have two main questions and we are seeking to answer: 1. does the city of Ahvaz need new hotels? 2. If new hotels are needed, which areas are a priority for the construction of new hotels? In this study, according to five criteria of compatibility, accessibility, utility, efficiency, and safety, the main criteria for locating hotels in Ahvaz City have been extracted and classified according to expert opinions. The results of the research indicate that areas: “KuyehBustan”, “KuyehSepidar”, “Kian Pars (ShahidChamran St.)”, “Kourosh (KuyehMellat)”, “Azadegan St.”, “Naderi St. (Salman Farsi)”, and “Amanyeh St. (Enghelab)” and “KuyehTakhti area” enjoy the priority 1 for building new hotels. Furthermore, “Baharestan”, “Naderi (Strict of Hafiz St. to Chahar Rah)”, “Kian Abad”, “ChaharShir Region”, “KuyehNaft”, and “Lashkar Ahvaz Bridge Strict” regions have the priority number 2 for constructing new hotels